in short um so yeah so let's start with
your name and where you were born and
when okay
so my name i'm rashid
i was born in morocco in 54
94 and i
studied in morocco first
until until i was 20.
so this is the first part
and then i i
went to france to
to lose to attend
an engineering school so i've chosen an
engineering school in computing
with engineering
and then i spent three years i became an
engineer
and that was undergraduate yeah it's the
equivalent of undergraduates
and the program undergraduate even in in
france you know
the engineering school as is
at the end of engineering school year
you have the equivalence of a master's
equivalent to to master so then then you
can
enter a phd program like
our system but i i did not do this
after engineering school i decided to be
an engineer so i went back to work on
work
as as an engineer for two years
as a computer
oh so your degree was in computer
engineering basically so cs
how did you decide to go into computer
engineering
[Music]
in fact uh you know uh
in this uh in the system of engineering
uh
of engineering schools in france uh you
after
the bachelor that we have you have two
years to prepare
uh to prepare to enter to to have exams
right and then you have to choose which
engineering school you want
and i didn't want to specialize so i
wanted to
do to do civil engineering
or chemistry or etc as an engineer i
to stay as general as possible and
that's why
and so i was essentially doing
mathematics so i chose
from from an engineer point of view what
was closer to mathematics
which was engineering uh computer
computer engineering and
particularly at the time at that time
computers were still
something that people do not know didn't
know that much so i
have chosen the less specific
the less specified in something
more generic than specific field that's
why
i've chosen this well what about
engineering in general
before even computer engineering yes
uh so basically in in
the morocco and french system uh
you can do you can interact in school to
do science also afterwards
okay it's simply a kind of a good way to
do it okay
because it's it's very selective and
because it's selective it's good
this is the how the system is built and
that's true that when i became engineer
i found out that i wanted to do
to know more to know more to do more
that's why i came back to research
or where i entered research where did
you work in morocco
as an engineer oh uh
in morocco it was two step first when i
when i came back to morocco with my
diploma
i decided to to teach
computer engineering so in in so i went
to engineering schools
in morocco to to apply for for a
position as a research assistant of
profit
assistant professor somehow to the
professor
afterwards so i entered first in
engineering school as a teacher
and i found out that they have that
didn't have enough computers in this
because at the time the computers were
mainframes
it was very expensive to have a computer
and most engineering schools didn't have
a computer
the the students
programmed on boards on carbs
and then went to to a place where
they didn't have the computer themselves
so i didn't like it
and i went to a department at the
administrative administration department
where they had computers
and it was uh so i left the university
and went to an administration which is
the ministry of equipment
and dams the the ministry who managed
the dams
uh et cetera who had the biggest
computers in morocco
i went
almost two years i worked on the
computers of
this department and there i developed
computer models for dams for uh
et cetera and and that was
just before the 80s or that was
that
that was between 78 and 80. okay
so i was engineering 38 during 1780
i was an engineer and in 80 i decided
to know more to go deeper
and this but already i had i had some
experience in research
there because i i had even as an
engineer in morocco i had interns
from the university of rabbat and who
worked on things and read
articles etc what kind of work uh
projects were they it was it was
essentially computer models of
of uh flows uh
flows to study floods
in morocco to study and so it was
essentially data to accumulate data from
studied influence to try to
uh to estimate how the flood will
will develop innovation will develop
starting from the
rain data try to build models of this so
i liked it
quite interesting at that time so it was
and by the fact that ai at that time
already
was a challenge for for computer
so when i came back uh after being an
uh it was all over france you know in
the different senses there was to lose
there was also people from
from paris people
from from grenoble
essentially grenoble paris at the time
and already
montpellier also big centers
that were the big centers that started
the robotics as that came
came also sophia antipolis which is the
india
south of france these were the centers
where we were starting robotics and
toulouse was one of the big centers
because we had
one of the computers we had three
computers and we were an integration
place so people were coming from other
places
to integrate their software their ideas
in our system
so we had a computer we had a
manipulator two manipulators
and so what were some of the the types
of questions that
um that were part of this advancement
about it
[Laughter]
so the arra was was built over
also it was organized into different
aspects one
was the essentially what they called
advanced teleoperation we're not doing
this there are people of paris
essentially doing this advanced
elaboration so it is operating in
distance
a robot which was far and at that time
the application were essentially
for nuclear plants for example to
operate a remote robot
which is still necessary today very
certainly
uh so that was one of the application of
this advanced teleoperation
the other aspect was more at that time
and even
in everywhere in
the world robotics was quite linked to
manufacturing so there was one
another another theme was
advanced manufacturing
essentially essentially the third one
what we call advanced auto robots which
of this set and not because at that time
essentially roberto gramming was
was by moving the robot and learning
trajectories and simply re-executing
trajectories
and we wanted to have programs that
that are more general that run the
system for example
the the flexibility came from the fact
that we wanted this
flexible assembly set to assemble
objects that contact us
part of it something we chose we have
chosen the simplest part of this
conductor to assemble and the challenge
was to program this assembly with two
two two robots two manipulators and
conveyor belt etc
and the challenge was that the object
will arrive in disorder
in a known order so and the robot will
the system will have to identify the
objects
to localize them to take them to
assemble them to store momentarily to
use buffers to store the others that are
coming
online to build the assembly and when
the object is assembled you put it again
on the conveyor i didn't go
it was musical and so we worked on this
on how to i worked on this program
programming of this
program territories grasps programming
essentially i developed a high level
system
a system that i called nns no name
but from that moment i had to link
between ai
and the control program so that that was
essentially my
my contribution is to to plug
from ai to to the control of the robot
which is
i'm still doing now still working on
this issue of
making the robot really use planners
so that the work would essentially this
and
for the rest there were cameras with
vision systems
at the time it was a black and white
vision it was 2d vision
very simplified based on contours only
so you localize the object only on 2d
who were some people that you worked
with closely at the time at that time
people who were involved in in the era
program you have georgia
i mentioned here uh i'm trying to
mention people that have
yesterday
one was a little more senior than us who
already seen you
at that time compared to us even even
if he was young was jean-claude latonp
who is now in stanford
so he was one of the departments of ara
who was responsible from the grenoble
part of it because it was in grenoble
and in terms of student i can mention
vincent hayward who was in paris at that
time but i know
he is one of the arab boys
and then he went to mcgill now he's back
in paris but
he his main career was
first in upenn and then mcgill sort of
eventually worked also emmanuel mazer
who is still research with now a
researcher in robotics and ai
in grenoble who else i can mention
basically i'm looking to people who are
not from
my lab so as you see there were people
from different different places and so
all these people are good friends of
them
and did that end how did what was your
thesis project for the
for your phd what do you mean
essentially it's developing this nms
system system no name system which is a
high level control
programming and control it was a
programming and control system
both sides a high level control for
flexible assemblies
that was basically the main
the main result okay which was quite
advanced
at that time a little bit here and then
different conferences
near the u.s etc
and at that time it was uh it was one of
the main issue
the main challenges in robotics and to
build this
and it at the time that we started to
think about motion planning
so for example so we were introverted we
started to look at place we were very
interested but people who were
doing this beginning to do research
essentially here from
us to master center the
so it was one one of the guys who
influenced
us at that moment it was very very
interesting
at the time other people that were of
high interest for us also collaborating
at that time it was a small
renew almost everybody loophole
also
and did they also come visit you or oh
yes
yeah george was they were friends
essentially over george ira
and we had a lot of contact already at
that time already in the
beginning of ages 8 80 to 85
84 84 it was the first aircraft it
attended the first icon presented nns
and so then you also had exchanges kind
of student exchanges where people
went to
the exchanges came afterwards at that
time we we had contacts and we
read papers we contributed to
conferences
it was quite intensive in terms of
contacts including papers
and going and visit at that time i made
a visit of
main labs in the us already
what were the labs you visited
essentially mit sampu stanford
european
yes i think basically this
sri it's right also
and this was when you were already a
professor at
me no i was i
in in 84 i
applied so i'm not professor i am
full-time researcher
in ceneres and so s provide this
possibility to have possessions
so so i i applied
to enter to center so this is french
no and so we answered interesting
questions of
of what is what is really navigation
what is
really assembly what is contact what is
what is what does it mean to program at
high level so at that time the main
challenges was
what we call the task level programming
going from
effector leveling to factor level
programming to
i'm using the vocabulary at that time we
are no more using this
vocabulary today but at that time were
thinking about using task level program
so programming in the sense that to
program the assembly without
without even mentioning the robot
describing what should be happening
and and and the dream was to infer the
program for a specific robot
that will achieve the task okay that was
the idea of a tesla we described the
task
okay and again to come to the san
francisco one of the contributors issues
motion planning
and then at the end still now so so
that was a big challenge which is still
here
of uh generosity and
description at this
the highest level that you can possibly
at a symbolic level
of of a task uh and
we're not inferring all what we're doing
of course
we we got through difficult for example
we found out that navigation which was
assumed to be simple was not that simple
at all
and so we we found out also
to give you ideas what happened in our
lives
but however in our lab we we found out
concretely that uh you had motion
planning
uh that is in in the configuration space
but if you have a system that is not
holonomous
like the robot that we had hilar was
unfortunately non-homonymous
so it created a complementary problem to
us
to solve and that perhaps it's it's
because of this
that my colleagues worked on this not
only
issue because we had a robot that was
like that
also issues of uh
uncertainty in building models slam
problems
so we we found out concretely that there
was a need
to solve this problem at islam so we
contributed
but myself my colleagues on the to to
this language
i contributed more on the issue of task
level programming
at okay level how to decompose the
system into sub components
uh how to decompose a task into
different emotions
so at that time we're speaking about
what we call
the grass synthesis
local motion around the object the gross
motion
when you are far from the object this
aspect
and so that was a challenge to
to find out what what where the
components uh what what what
what where the sorry the sub problems
to find solutions for the sub problems
essentially developing planners motion
planner
grass planner local motion planner and
at that time
we had also the ambition of completeness
so we're trying to develop essentially
analytical systems that would solve the
problem completely
and incrementally appeared this aspect
of
randomized randomized search
and systems that are not complete by
construction but complete
only well when
basically so the challenges came like
this by the compositing problem and
building the different components
and the other big challenge that we
started at that time
was the the grounding problem link
between the geometric and numeric data
signals and the symbols
tried to build and we found out it was
difficult difficult to do it in a
generic way
and even if you build a generic system
you have a guy that has to say oh
this place this symbolic place is
x 23y
44 directly by yourself
a symbol to a number which is wrong
you should assemble a symbol to
do a property that is fire profit or an
attribute
and i have a system that will compute
this
so we went through this i think
essential issues appropriate
basically we're still there
so when did you go from the more kind of
manufacturing or
oriented application to some of these
other applications oh
okay myself i i
i in fact it happened in
for me for me around 86 87
87 essentially because
because even though i was very pleased
with this
uh with this issue we were in an
environment where the application was
essentially industrial
and uh so it was essentially oriented
towards
offline uh solving problems offline
so it was not after solving a number of
issues essentially based on cad
etc it was no more interesting
for the assembly line but still the
problem of assembly
today is important and not solved okay
but autonomous assembly
we had papers on this in this conference
you know
autonomous assembly but at that time
assembly was looked only as an energy
process
and autonomy was oriented towards
navigation mobility
and so the challenge for autonomy was
more in this field
even though at that time i was i was i
didn't understand this very well because
i thought that autonomy was also
in the in the assembly uh
but well things go like this i went to
essentially mobile so i i worked in
other projects which were essentially
projects for develop to develop robots
rescue basically rescue applications
and space applications so the second
challenge was the
mars rover french
initiative so worked on this
what was the name of the that project
yeah
it was in france it was the risk
robotic r r i
s b
and this also was a project that was
built by george george
he built a new projector that in the
middle when arab finished they built a
new program
which was a challenge of the autonomous
robot
and one application of the autonomous
robot was because it was necessary
absolutely necessary it was the
planetary robot
and so we convinced the french agency
the nest
essentially to build the program with
this so we had a national program
it was basically a number of labs
working with kness
to think about this complete mission and
we spent years
thinking about the complete all the
components that are necessary
to build program
and operate a robot on mars
so we had to have a program on this and
we we looked
to all these aspects so of this program
stayed only
on the earth in the sense that we have
built robots we have brand exploration
on earth
evening nests they have built a model of
mars in the model of moon
uh soil and we played there essentially
but this program has never
gone because until the really
implementation
but we will set everything so when when
the mars
uh rover project uh
appears in in the us and it went there
etc
we we were understanding everything
thought about this also and we we knew
the different parts of it you know for
example
this issue linked to the fact that you
have low bandwidth and you have
long delay that will go from five to
twenty minutes
between mars and earth so you cannot
even if it is for so you have to program
once every day
somehow all these issues we started at
that time
this was between i think
86 87 i don't remember
92 1991
did the nasa folks make any contact with
you
or we had contacts so of course we we we
we had contacts also we knew what were
happening
here and there we had there were
but of course we we we are research labs
so we are not
uh we are not building the final project
the idea was
there was after this project there was
another project that were multiplied
with industry industrial partners that
were assumed to
build a second prototype
you know it's similarly similar to what
happens here it was not yet a flying
prototype but
a real prototype of the system
but the thing didn't go because after
that you know the
the main choices in europe make that the
mars over never
happened the program the real program
never happened
so the nest maintain it as the nest was
responsible as a french agency of
preliminary
study so they have done this that this
preliminary studies
and thinking they are they were ready to
do a second
second after step but it didn't happen
completely for a number of reasons
essentially money it's very expensive
very very expensive uh of course it
could have been done i think only at the
european level or international level
and this is just a french program it was
it was yes at the beginning
it was a french program then it was the
second
the second step after this french
program which i contributed
i contributed also to the second level
little a little was the european program
it was a european program but not not a
space program
not yet the space program because the
real program
oriented the technology of the robot not
really the flying
system so i think we were
quite aware of the global
problem from the robotics point of view
for the other part of the difference
so we were running uh vx works for
running
which is still running today on some on
some robots
yesterday whenever two days ago we were
in the
in the nasa they were running still
fakes were what
it's a real-time operating system i'm
just curious about the uh
i guess the public discourse in in the
80s about
yeah space i mean because you know the
us and we had the shuttles and
everything so there's
nasa and everything so was there um i
guess what kind of
discussion was happening about a french
space program or
what was kind of the catalyst for this
project i guess i guess
oh i i think this it didn't
it this program was the the of the of
the
french mars rover or the european march
rover was at the level of specialists it
didn't reach
really the public really the public
but but it was quite easy because we
we thought about autonomy and not
sending people there
already so it was accepted and justified
to build and to think about the
the architecture control architecture of
a system which should be onboard
online should be real time which could
be which could be used
in it could be we talked about any time
algorithm
think that would run offline
uh at the trust so so essentially our
contributions
us was linked to uh robot architecture
and planning at that time
we started another project with which i
didn't contribute that much
about it which was a skates project
it's there they worked on slam
didn't work on this aspect
so i worked essentially on control on
intelligent control i should say on to
architectures
and then came another project which was
another european
so we had several projects on this and
so we went from space
to uh to rescue robotics
same same problem same idea robot moving
in rough terrain
sewing model the in in the environment
it has to discover
while while moving in it doesn't know it
beforehand so you can program it
and really detail because
so that was basically the idea we had
number of projects in this
national or international projects and
then we had another project
which was a little different which we
came into earth
which was linked to multi-robot aspects
and this project was called martha
it was started in 92
and there i was really responsible main
part of
the main contribution of last in it and
in marta the problem was
how to operate uh the the mata project
is essentially
thinking about robots for logistics you
have a number of robots to transport
for example containers in harbor from
one place to another
or and also in
for fright essentially applications
railway stations also you might have
this and
harbors in in airports also
having transport come to small
containers and airports and it was a
very interesting project where we had we
had this
two essentially two contextual
applications the airport
and the hub and the idea was to think
about how to operate the number
you cannot have one robot doing this you
might have two
10 20 50
50 robots doing this in a big
environment and the issue was how to do
it in a way that you cannot program
everything and to have flexibility
so and it's there then we started
seriously i started services
to work on multi-robot cooperation
how how how to make the robots cooperate
uh and how and if you make them
cooperate
this allows you to give high-level
mission to all of them
and they they will arrange by themselves
what to do so that was the basic idea so
we started
in this project which was quite of
course a number of constraints you have
industrial partners you have real users
that rub it
even though you try to make some
fundamental research
so we started issues of task allocation
who will do what at which moment of
coordination
coordination level of trajectory how to
make them move without colliding and
synchronized
and you know immediately if you think
about motion planning
it's combinatorial there is a commentary
explosion but this is for this issue
because you have
if you have 50 robots you have 150
degrees of freedom
it's a chance you have to do something
and it worked very well it's this notion
of what we call the plan merging
the idea is that the the robot
through communication merges itself
in what the others are what are doing
and this is done by deliberation so the
robot essentially through communication
to exchange their plans
they exchange their plans and and they
deliberate
to synchronize themselves and so we
i introduced we worked with this issue
but we got planned
kind of robot democracy
the idea is that in order to send all to
acquire the information on the robot and
to send everything
to the central station that will have a
global view at the time we had
far more limited bandwidth that we have
today you really had to do things on
board
because we cannot we were using it
it was in 1996 and still we had
at the best we didn't have internet not
yet
really and we
we were using nine nine thousand six
hundred quality maximum
it was quite quite quite limited but
however
yes it's kind of the democracy so the
the robots by negotiation decide what to
do
at this level and we try to also
decompose a different level so
they negotiate what to do for
essentially a transport task i will go
there and get the object because i'm not
far from it
i will i will go i will move not far
from this so i can
take this task with me
the second level is coordination and
coordination with we have the network
with emerging mechanisms which is
somehow an inspiration from
traffic when you do traffic you merge
your car in the traffic you are so there
are rules
for emerging you have rules you can do
if
if you don't respect rules you will
create problems in
into the others and to yourselves there
others
so and in europe there were also people
doing motion planning
little in france grenoble
again again and in
netherlands for example mark over mars
and in italy also began to work with our
italian friends
also at the time so
that was the second step
so the idea was to link multi-robot
cooperation and motion plan
why because essentially the task was
linked to
motion tasks
and then there were also contributions
in samuel working a lot in robots
and multi-robot things
going from a number of things i didn't
remember like this i should have
prepared a little
great segments for example
saying you also click on this issue
also people from mit like at the time
lynne parker
who is now in tennessee
working on this issue distribution of
tasks between robots using different
is essentially building building or
maintaining structures that are high
in high in altitude in mountains or in
buildings
building or maintaining
an equipment or repairing an antenna for
example anything like that
and today you use people who climb there
and would like to do it with flying
flying assembly flying arms
rivers did you get interested in
personal and service robots oh
yeah so that was another step again
i think i came to it because
it started it started because we or
myself we uh we have organized
and for me it was it was also an idea
came in
to discussion with us with
george gerard and the others thinking
new challenges for robotics and in fact
we organized i think it was the first
it was the first workshop we called it
on we called it at the time
i should have prepared it i think it was
a workshop that
was called the first workshop
on human friendly robotics
and it was a cnrs nsf
workshop to organize between
co-organized by cnrs and which is my
institution
and nsf and the two people who have
organized where john can
from berkeley and myself
so we organized his first workshop in
toulouse in less
and it was in 99
so it was the first workshop on human
friendly robotics
thinking of what does it mean
what does it mean what has to be about
so it's there
that our adventure started okay and
incrementally we thought about this a
number of issues
then i tried to build something for this
we had a number of the discussions where
we have done some kind of
thinking and road mapping and defining
challenges
and build and based on these challenges
we organized a second workshop at that
time
california first to lose california
again it was in i think it was linked we
would try to that was
in toulouse it was independent the
second one i think it was i was project
workshop i was a workshop and
well and then
i i applied for
a
french national project that we are
called hr plus human robot class the
idea that
human and robot will do press than human
or robot
that was the idea of the hr plus
project how did you come out to the idea
to the question of what is human
friendly
oh because
because of our experience we know how
the robot is stupid how the robot is
difficult
we know it is a robot very well and we
know that there is a difference between
our dream and the thing that we have in
front of us every day
okay in fact sometimes
sometimes i like to do jokes about this
i say that the robots are far more to
autonomous than we think because they
never do what we want we just want them
to do what we want
we don't want them to be autonomous we
just want them to do
what we want oh no eternally
they never do you've succeeded already
and thought together produced
well so it was it was interesting it
descended we went
deeper than simply this shallow issue
try to understand what does it mean
so we go to issues of safety
through issues of reliability if you put
a human and robot together
you have to think about certifying your
okay you cannot leave it like this uh
all these issues and of of
of course utility robot should be useful
to do something
etc etc and then and then
you you add something which is
complementary is that this robot
is designed to be used by naive users
not by engineers
so you have to do something okay this uh
this user will not will not programming
they will not speak in c
or nc plus plus to the robot with the
keyboard
okay and even though it doesn't work
so so you have to think about all this
issue
and it came really like this yeah right
and then we found out incrementally that
a number of things that we thought have
been almost
done have to be revised
because you have to take into account
the human
for example motion planning in motion
linked to minimum time
and so people were working about
optimizing which means
finding the shorter path shortest path
in
the configuration space and this is not
good
because the shortest path in in the
configuration space
doesn't provide your trajectory that is
uh understandable by a human or
acceptable distribution object you will
not understand
okay all of this i would think you're
very good at yourself
because perhaps i'm very
optimal in some in some space
but not in okay
and so we began to think about this
about what are the criteria of
of a good plan a plan that would be
that first would receive the task then
would be
uh legible but uh
a behavior should be legible by the
human
okay and acceptable okay and
so i did this today my my
work today is i summarized in one point
in one word i work
in order to make the robot not in
congress
this means that we are trying to think
what what
what to do in order to make a robot do
the right pertinent
task at the right moment in
the right place etc and this is not easy
and not easy it means that you have to
understand what this has understand
what is your partner to understand uh
how the partner behaves
if if the human really wants the robot
to give the object or not because
because humans
change mind changing their things
urgent things that happen that make
people do something and all this should
be taken into account
where again you have of course serious
question of safety
service and so then based on this we
started to work
seriously on different aspects and this
we have done it through
european projects with partners we had
several projects
one we just finished two years three
years ago which was called
friends which is essentially
uh essentially focused on
physical robot attraction
now we're starting new projects on this
issue the co-worker
basically the co-workers or the robot
that will
work you have the assistant or the robot
will assist the elderly people etc which
is a real
challenge which i think very interesting
and perhaps useful
it's modest but this interesting
and you have the co-worker which is also
interesting and perhaps useful
and the co-workers robot will work this
time with a professional
but even though this professional would
not have a keyboard we would not have
time with that
so the robot had to to to be flexible
and to adapt and to
to be reactive to be proactive
to intervene to be responsive to the
human to
to to to to be in a way always
ready to leave the place and around
allowed with the human has priorities in
doing things etcetera
and for this you need good perception
you need intelligence
physical safety of course all this issue
okay uh which is independent of the test
we have to manage that
as a as an entity as a as a concept
both in both situations you have between
robots
and between human and robots and and in
the future you will have
i'm convinced of this you will have
teams of robots and humans
the robot will have to cooperate with
the other of us and with you
all this will be mixed together so the
two concepts should also
merge the same robot should
be able to interact with human and
interact with the other objects
okay it should have these two abilities
and hope we hope that part of these two
interactions
are based on the same concept not all at
least part of it
can some do some people come to mind i
mean read cements i guess it's really
simmons again is one one contributor to
interact with artistic children
very also very interesting also uh
it's the different field but however
we and this is also interesting
because because it makes
it opens our mind also because we have
to think about human
about models of human okay
so more and more in robotics today you
have it you have
you have people not only in robotics
neurosciences
who are studying human or using robotics
to study
human representation of nakamura
which is very interesting for this
yeah for the muscular aspect really
using robotics to study to understand
and i'm doing the other way but both are
not independent
working with people who study human and
contributing related to it to serve the
okay we we need the models we need to
understand
the human to serve him and to work with
europe people talk about it a lot and
there's a whole
um the cognitive project which you're
um so where do were you around and
hearing where this notion of cognitive
robots so
the cognition the company run project
from user study to learning to
dialogue to to motion
to control architecture
to decisions et cetera and we have
component we had partners
with us on all these aspects for example
people from kth hendrick was there at
the time
before coming to atlanta was part of
this project
uh we had uh people from germany
professor dillman and his team also in
essentially doing today
so we will essentially continue to
investigate to the different aspects
in uh interdisciplinary also approach
people from psychology diplomatic
psychology
sociology also we are also interesting
and this
will uh i think will open
a little more of the uh the issue is
to be assisted and having this
they will not have to wait a long time
for a simple thing give me this that
they cannot reach
okay and this happens in home this
happen in
institutions and
uh so there is room for the for this
also of course for assisting the
handicapped people
certainly very very very important it's
very very important
i was in your position i was curious
about what kind of mentoring you do with
younger researchers and like how
you know the um in the lab and
everything like that how do you
i guess what's your experience doing
yeah oh my experience
i i like to work with
with students and phds because
basically because the it's it's
with them that we build the concrete
challenges let's do
this you are in charge of this okay
and we're trying to do these two issues
we've kind of challenged each one
but also we're adding something and this
is perhaps different from what
is done in different places because we
have also
this perhaps stupid ambition to build a
complete system
okay and so we need several persons
working together
and we need to build systems that will
go beyond one
phases because so often it
is not able to finish a work or to have
a system really working as a trust we
have this
issue also but so i like to
struggle with this problem of uh
giving challenges to to
to the students the phds
essentially so sometimes it's not very
well sometimes
unless of course it depends on people
depends on contact with different
number of issues but from time to time
we have good success we find
things we make things more concrete
we find out interesting
small problems for example we
did you give just example evidence this
we found out that you take one task and
it's a huge problem just the handover
just the handover problem if you take it
completely
if you really want to have a generic
robot that does handover
you are there for years of working and
issues etc
and in fact by doing this if you want to
do it in a general way
you will also solve other problems
[Applause]
sharing space moving towards the
guidance
you have to move and retrieve you have
to wait you have to interact
signals at different levels when you do
and also to be modest it's because it's
it's difficult it's uh
and the last thing which is i think
important but i think it's true for
everything
to think about how things could be
done in the general equipment
in a way that you reused that
you you draw lessons you draw lessons
i think when when phd
i guess finish it with lesson that you
draw
but they have to share with you
you know so yeah i guess if there's
anything else you want to include i
think we're going to
ask questions but if there's anything
else you wanted to add
please
very specific issue to say so i i i
really think that
there is a lot to do in robotics it is
far
to do so and what is good also is
interesting is that
we are uh what is also interesting is
i think it's it's it's a i like robotics
because it's a
film that allows you to open your
mind you see things from different
aspects so when
when i when i see my other colleagues in
my lab
working on other issues a very different
networks
the first things