WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:00.320 --> 00:00:02.710 align:start position:0% okay<00:00:01.280> so<00:00:01.680> i<00:00:01.839> need<00:00:02.000> you<00:00:02.159> to<00:00:02.240> start<00:00:02.480> by 00:00:02.710 --> 00:00:02.720 align:start position:0% okay so i need you to start by 00:00:02.720 --> 00:00:03.750 align:start position:0% okay so i need you to start by introducing<00:00:03.199> yourself 00:00:03.750 --> 00:00:03.760 align:start position:0% introducing yourself 00:00:03.760 --> 00:00:05.590 align:start position:0% introducing yourself telling<00:00:04.080> us<00:00:04.400> uh<00:00:04.720> when<00:00:04.960> and<00:00:05.040> where<00:00:05.279> you<00:00:05.359> were 00:00:05.590 --> 00:00:05.600 align:start position:0% telling us uh when and where you were 00:00:05.600 --> 00:00:06.789 align:start position:0% telling us uh when and where you were born 00:00:06.789 --> 00:00:06.799 align:start position:0% born 00:00:06.799 --> 00:00:10.150 align:start position:0% born and<00:00:07.200> where<00:00:07.440> you<00:00:07.520> went<00:00:07.680> to<00:00:07.839> school<00:00:08.639> yep<00:00:09.679> member 00:00:10.150 --> 00:00:10.160 align:start position:0% and where you went to school yep member 00:00:10.160 --> 00:00:10.870 align:start position:0% and where you went to school yep member statements 00:00:10.870 --> 00:00:10.880 align:start position:0% statements 00:00:10.880 --> 00:00:14.150 align:start position:0% statements born<00:00:11.360> in<00:00:11.679> newcastle<00:00:12.639> near<00:00:12.880> cologne 00:00:14.150 --> 00:00:14.160 align:start position:0% born in newcastle near cologne 00:00:14.160 --> 00:00:18.870 align:start position:0% born in newcastle near cologne in<00:00:14.920> 1936<00:00:17.119> january<00:00:17.680> 4th 00:00:18.870 --> 00:00:18.880 align:start position:0% in 1936 january 4th 00:00:18.880 --> 00:00:20.470 align:start position:0% in 1936 january 4th and<00:00:19.039> i<00:00:19.119> went<00:00:19.279> to<00:00:19.439> school<00:00:19.680> in<00:00:19.840> little<00:00:20.080> staff<00:00:20.400> a 00:00:20.470 --> 00:00:20.480 align:start position:0% and i went to school in little staff a 00:00:20.480 --> 00:00:23.269 align:start position:0% and i went to school in little staff a neighbor<00:00:21.600> neighboring<00:00:22.000> village 00:00:23.269 --> 00:00:23.279 align:start position:0% neighbor neighboring village 00:00:23.279 --> 00:00:26.790 align:start position:0% neighbor neighboring village but<00:00:23.439> my<00:00:23.600> father<00:00:23.920> was<00:00:25.359> a<00:00:25.519> teacher 00:00:26.790 --> 00:00:26.800 align:start position:0% but my father was a teacher 00:00:26.800 --> 00:00:29.109 align:start position:0% but my father was a teacher and<00:00:26.960> then<00:00:27.119> i<00:00:27.279> went<00:00:27.439> to<00:00:27.599> the<00:00:28.080> gymnasium 00:00:29.109 --> 00:00:29.119 align:start position:0% and then i went to the gymnasium 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its<00:00:35.360> own<00:00:37.200> and<00:00:37.440> of<00:00:37.520> course<00:00:37.760> like<00:00:38.000> in 00:00:38.069 --> 00:00:38.079 align:start position:0% city of its own and of course like in 00:00:38.079 --> 00:00:39.190 align:start position:0% city of its own and of course like in germany<00:00:38.399> we<00:00:38.559> went<00:00:38.800> to 00:00:39.190 --> 00:00:39.200 align:start position:0% germany we went to 00:00:39.200 --> 00:00:42.630 align:start position:0% germany we went to gymnasium<00:00:39.760> for<00:00:39.920> nine<00:00:40.160> years<00:00:42.160> and<00:00:42.239> then<00:00:42.399> after 00:00:42.630 --> 00:00:42.640 align:start position:0% gymnasium for nine years and then after 00:00:42.640 --> 00:00:45.350 align:start position:0% gymnasium for nine years and then after that<00:00:42.879> i<00:00:42.960> did<00:00:43.200> a<00:00:43.280> practical 00:00:45.350 --> 00:00:45.360 align:start position:0% that i did a practical 00:00:45.360 --> 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engineering<00:00:53.920> and<00:00:54.079> this<00:00:54.320> i<00:00:54.480> started 00:00:55.709 --> 00:00:55.719 align:start position:0% aerospace engineering and this i started 00:00:55.719 --> 00:01:05.030 align:start position:0% aerospace engineering and this i started 1956 00:01:05.030 --> 00:01:05.040 align:start position:0% 00:01:05.040 --> 00:01:08.070 align:start position:0% what<00:01:05.199> kind<00:01:05.360> of<00:01:05.519> industry<00:01:06.240> were<00:01:06.400> you<00:01:06.560> working<00:01:07.920> i 00:01:08.070 --> 00:01:08.080 align:start position:0% what kind of industry were you working i 00:01:08.080 --> 00:01:08.710 align:start position:0% what kind of industry were you working i did<00:01:08.240> my 00:01:08.710 --> 00:01:08.720 align:start position:0% did my 00:01:08.720 --> 00:01:12.469 align:start position:0% did my my<00:01:09.439> practical<00:01:10.159> work<00:01:10.560> here<00:01:10.960> in<00:01:11.680> near<00:01:11.920> munich 00:01:12.469 --> 00:01:12.479 align:start position:0% my practical work here in near munich 00:01:12.479 --> 00:01:16.390 align:start position:0% my practical work here in near munich in<00:01:12.799> with<00:01:13.040> dorney<00:01:14.240> aircraft<00:01:15.200> engineering 00:01:16.390 --> 00:01:16.400 align:start position:0% in with dorney aircraft engineering 00:01:16.400 --> 00:01:19.990 align:start position:0% in with dorney aircraft engineering and<00:01:16.560> another<00:01:16.960> part<00:01:17.280> which<00:01:17.600> was 00:01:19.990 --> 00:01:20.000 align:start position:0% 00:01:20.000 --> 00:01:24.550 align:start position:0% really<00:01:21.360> a 00:01:24.550 --> 00:01:24.560 align:start position:0% 00:01:24.560 --> 00:01:26.789 align:start position:0% written<00:01:24.960> reason<00:01:26.080> what<00:01:26.240> is<00:01:26.320> it<00:01:26.400> called<00:01:26.640> in 00:01:26.789 --> 00:01:26.799 align:start position:0% written reason what is it called in 00:01:26.799 --> 00:01:30.710 align:start position:0% written reason what is it called in english 00:01:30.710 --> 00:01:30.720 align:start position:0% 00:01:30.720 --> 00:01:35.190 align:start position:0% um<00:01:32.479> mining<00:01:33.119> the<00:01:33.520> the<00:01:33.759> the<00:01:34.159> auras<00:01:34.560> are 00:01:35.190 --> 00:01:35.200 align:start position:0% um mining the the the auras are 00:01:35.200 --> 00:01:38.950 align:start position:0% um mining the the the auras are mining<00:01:35.680> yeah<00:01:36.240> well<00:01:36.479> now<00:01:36.880> it's<00:01:37.280> if<00:01:37.680> you<00:01:38.159> process 00:01:38.950 --> 00:01:38.960 align:start position:0% mining yeah well now it's if you process 00:01:38.960 --> 00:01:41.830 align:start position:0% mining yeah well now it's if you process metallurgy<00:01:40.000> metal<00:01:40.400> metallurgy<00:01:41.040> yes<00:01:41.360> right 00:01:41.830 --> 00:01:41.840 align:start position:0% metallurgy metal metallurgy yes right 00:01:41.840 --> 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--> 00:01:56.960 align:start position:0% diploma from engineer and i went to 00:01:56.960 --> 00:01:59.030 align:start position:0% diploma from engineer and i went to the<00:01:57.200> deutscher<00:01:58.079> at<00:01:58.240> that<00:01:58.479> time<00:01:58.640> to<00:01:58.799> actually 00:01:59.030 --> 00:01:59.040 align:start position:0% the deutscher at that time to actually 00:01:59.040 --> 00:02:01.030 align:start position:0% the deutscher at that time to actually focus<00:01:59.520> on<00:01:59.759> zeus<00:02:00.079> and 00:02:01.030 --> 00:02:01.040 align:start position:0% focus on zeus and 00:02:01.040 --> 00:02:02.709 align:start position:0% focus on zeus and which<00:02:01.280> is<00:02:01.360> somewhat<00:02:01.600> like<00:02:01.920> german<00:02:02.240> nasa<00:02:02.640> at 00:02:02.709 --> 00:02:02.719 align:start position:0% which is somewhat like german nasa at 00:02:02.719 --> 00:02:04.789 align:start position:0% which is somewhat like german nasa at that<00:02:02.880> time 00:02:04.789 --> 00:02:04.799 align:start position:0% that time 00:02:04.799 --> 00:02:08.389 align:start position:0% that time in<00:02:04.960> mulheim<00:02:05.759> and<00:02:06.399> one<00:02:06.640> year<00:02:06.799> later<00:02:07.119> in<00:02:07.200> 1963 00:02:08.389 --> 00:02:08.399 align:start position:0% in mulheim and one year later in 1963 00:02:08.399 --> 00:02:10.150 align:start position:0% in mulheim and one year later in 1963 moved<00:02:08.640> down<00:02:08.800> to<00:02:08.959> uberwaffenhofen<00:02:09.840> where<00:02:10.000> it's 00:02:10.150 --> 00:02:10.160 align:start position:0% moved down to uberwaffenhofen where it's 00:02:10.160 --> 00:02:11.430 align:start position:0% moved down to uberwaffenhofen where it's still<00:02:10.399> located 00:02:11.430 --> 00:02:11.440 align:start position:0% still located 00:02:11.440 --> 00:02:18.150 align:start position:0% still located right<00:02:11.680> now<00:02:12.800> and<00:02:13.120> from<00:02:16.280> 1962 00:02:18.150 --> 00:02:18.160 align:start position:0% right now and from 1962 00:02:18.160 --> 00:02:21.830 align:start position:0% right now and from 1962 to<00:02:18.400> ninth<00:02:18.720> to<00:02:19.120> 1971<00:02:20.959> it<00:02:21.120> was<00:02:21.360> essentially 00:02:21.830 --> 00:02:21.840 align:start position:0% to ninth to 1971 it was essentially 00:02:21.840 --> 00:02:23.910 align:start position:0% to ninth to 1971 it was essentially associated<00:02:22.400> with<00:02:22.640> the<00:02:22.879> aerospace 00:02:23.910 --> 00:02:23.920 align:start position:0% associated with the aerospace 00:02:23.920 --> 00:02:28.630 align:start position:0% associated with the aerospace research<00:02:25.280> and<00:02:25.520> i<00:02:25.680> did<00:02:26.080> a 00:02:28.630 --> 00:02:28.640 align:start position:0% 00:02:28.640 --> 00:02:31.990 align:start position:0% study<00:02:29.280> on<00:02:29.520> nasa<00:02:30.160> um<00:02:30.879> fellowship 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optimization and<00:02:55.360> uh<00:02:55.519> with<00:02:55.760> this<00:02:56.080> i<00:02:56.400> did<00:02:56.560> make<00:02:56.879> my<00:02:57.680> phd 00:02:58.550 --> 00:02:58.560 align:start position:0% and uh with this i did make my phd 00:02:58.560 --> 00:03:01.910 align:start position:0% and uh with this i did make my phd in<00:02:59.000> 1969<00:03:00.480> at<00:03:00.640> the<00:03:00.800> technical<00:03:01.200> university<00:03:01.680> in 00:03:01.910 --> 00:03:01.920 align:start position:0% in 1969 at the technical university in 00:03:01.920 --> 00:03:03.750 align:start position:0% in 1969 at the technical university in ahren 00:03:03.750 --> 00:03:03.760 align:start position:0% ahren 00:03:03.760 --> 00:03:07.509 align:start position:0% ahren re-entry<00:03:04.319> vehicles<00:03:04.959> and<00:03:05.200> turning<00:03:05.680> the 00:03:07.509 --> 00:03:07.519 align:start position:0% re-entry vehicles and turning the 00:03:07.519 --> 00:03:09.589 align:start position:0% re-entry vehicles and turning the orbiting<00:03:08.000> plane<00:03:08.400> of<00:03:08.560> re-entry<00:03:08.959> vehicles<00:03:09.440> by 00:03:09.589 --> 00:03:09.599 align:start position:0% orbiting plane of re-entry vehicles by 00:03:09.599 --> 00:03:12.149 align:start position:0% orbiting plane of re-entry vehicles by dipping<00:03:09.920> into<00:03:10.080> the<00:03:10.239> atmosphere<00:03:10.959> and 00:03:12.149 --> 00:03:12.159 align:start position:0% dipping into the atmosphere and 00:03:12.159 --> 00:03:14.630 align:start position:0% dipping into the atmosphere and finding<00:03:12.560> out<00:03:12.720> again<00:03:13.040> at<00:03:13.120> that<00:03:13.360> time<00:03:14.319> this<00:03:14.480> was 00:03:14.630 --> 00:03:14.640 align:start position:0% finding out again at that time this was 00:03:14.640 --> 00:03:15.509 align:start position:0% finding out again at that time this was one<00:03:14.800> of<00:03:14.879> the<00:03:15.040> future 00:03:15.509 --> 00:03:15.519 align:start position:0% one of the future 00:03:15.519 --> 00:03:18.790 align:start position:0% one of the future maneuvers<00:03:16.480> which<00:03:17.280> i<00:03:17.519> thought<00:03:17.840> would<00:03:18.000> be<00:03:18.159> used 00:03:18.790 --> 00:03:18.800 align:start position:0% maneuvers which i thought would be used 00:03:18.800 --> 00:03:21.990 align:start position:0% maneuvers which i thought would be used possibly<00:03:19.440> in<00:03:19.519> the<00:03:20.720> space<00:03:21.040> shuttle 00:03:21.990 --> 00:03:22.000 align:start position:0% possibly in the space shuttle 00:03:22.000 --> 00:03:24.149 align:start position:0% possibly in the space shuttle but<00:03:22.159> it<00:03:22.319> turned<00:03:22.560> out<00:03:22.640> that<00:03:22.800> the<00:03:22.959> shuttle<00:03:23.280> was 00:03:24.149 --> 00:03:24.159 align:start position:0% but it turned out that the shuttle was 00:03:24.159 --> 00:03:26.070 align:start position:0% but it turned out that the shuttle was so<00:03:24.319> delicate<00:03:24.799> with<00:03:24.879> respect<00:03:25.280> to<00:03:25.440> heating 00:03:26.070 --> 00:03:26.080 align:start position:0% so delicate with respect to heating 00:03:26.080 --> 00:03:28.949 align:start position:0% so delicate with respect to heating that<00:03:26.959> they<00:03:27.120> never<00:03:27.360> used<00:03:27.599> maneuvering<00:03:28.720> when 00:03:28.949 --> 00:03:28.959 align:start position:0% that they never used maneuvering when 00:03:28.959 --> 00:03:30.070 align:start position:0% that they never used maneuvering when re-entering 00:03:30.070 --> 00:03:30.080 align:start position:0% re-entering 00:03:30.080 --> 00:03:35.110 align:start position:0% re-entering so<00:03:31.760> this<00:03:32.000> was<00:03:32.159> more<00:03:32.400> an<00:03:32.480> academic<00:03:32.879> work 00:03:35.110 --> 00:03:35.120 align:start position:0% so this was more an academic work 00:03:35.120 --> 00:03:39.270 align:start position:0% so this was more an academic work but<00:03:35.599> uh<00:03:36.319> being<00:03:36.560> in<00:03:36.879> in<00:03:36.959> the<00:03:37.040> us<00:03:37.440> i 00:03:39.270 --> 00:03:39.280 align:start position:0% but uh being in in the us i 00:03:39.280 --> 00:03:41.589 align:start position:0% but uh being in in the us i met<00:03:39.599> one<00:03:39.760> of<00:03:39.920> my<00:03:40.239> co-students<00:03:40.799> from<00:03:41.040> achen<00:03:41.440> he 00:03:41.589 --> 00:03:41.599 align:start position:0% met one of my co-students from achen he 00:03:41.599 --> 00:03:43.270 align:start position:0% met one of my co-students from achen he was<00:03:41.920> with 00:03:43.270 --> 00:03:43.280 align:start position:0% was with 00:03:43.280 --> 00:03:46.630 align:start position:0% was with nasa<00:03:43.599> huntsville<00:03:44.480> and<00:03:44.879> on<00:03:45.120> a<00:03:45.840> drive<00:03:46.239> down 00:03:46.630 --> 00:03:46.640 align:start position:0% nasa huntsville and on a drive down 00:03:46.640 --> 00:03:51.670 align:start position:0% nasa huntsville and on a drive down to<00:03:46.799> a<00:03:47.840> seven<00:03:48.239> launch<00:03:49.360> in<00:03:49.560> 1971<00:03:50.640> when<00:03:50.799> i<00:03:50.879> was 00:03:51.670 --> 00:03:51.680 align:start position:0% to a seven launch in 1971 when i was 00:03:51.680 --> 00:03:56.070 align:start position:0% to a seven launch in 1971 when i was uh<00:03:52.000> no<00:03:52.319> in<00:03:52.400> 1964<00:03:53.439> when<00:03:53.599> i<00:03:53.680> was<00:03:53.920> in 00:03:56.070 --> 00:03:56.080 align:start position:0% 00:03:56.080 --> 00:04:00.630 align:start position:0% princeton<00:03:56.959> um<00:03:57.439> i<00:03:57.599> met<00:03:57.840> him<00:03:58.959> and 00:04:00.630 --> 00:04:00.640 align:start position:0% princeton um i met him and 00:04:00.640 --> 00:04:04.070 align:start position:0% princeton um i met him and we<00:04:02.720> kept<00:04:03.280> this 00:04:04.070 --> 00:04:04.080 align:start position:0% we kept this 00:04:04.080 --> 00:04:07.910 align:start position:0% we kept this connection<00:04:05.280> for<00:04:05.439> the<00:04:05.599> next<00:04:06.560> 15<00:04:06.879> years<00:04:07.200> or<00:04:07.280> so 00:04:07.910 --> 00:04:07.920 align:start position:0% connection for the next 15 years or so 00:04:07.920 --> 00:04:10.229 align:start position:0% connection for the next 15 years or so and<00:04:08.080> he<00:04:08.239> invited<00:04:08.640> me<00:04:08.879> after<00:04:09.120> i<00:04:09.280> had<00:04:09.439> my<00:04:09.599> phd<00:04:10.080> to 00:04:10.229 --> 00:04:10.239 align:start position:0% and he invited me after i had my phd to 00:04:10.239 --> 00:04:12.949 align:start position:0% and he invited me after i had my phd to come<00:04:10.560> for<00:04:10.879> a 00:04:12.949 --> 00:04:12.959 align:start position:0% come for a 00:04:12.959 --> 00:04:16.069 align:start position:0% come for a postdoctoral<00:04:13.840> research<00:04:14.720> associateship 00:04:16.069 --> 00:04:16.079 align:start position:0% postdoctoral research associateship 00:04:16.079 --> 00:04:19.310 align:start position:0% postdoctoral research associateship to<00:04:16.400> huntsville<00:04:16.959> alabama<00:04:17.840> which<00:04:18.079> i<00:04:18.160> did<00:04:18.400> in 00:04:19.310 --> 00:04:19.320 align:start position:0% to huntsville alabama which i did in 00:04:19.320 --> 00:04:21.110 align:start position:0% to huntsville alabama which i did in 1971-72 00:04:21.110 --> 00:04:21.120 align:start position:0% 1971-72 00:04:21.120 --> 00:04:23.430 align:start position:0% 1971-72 and<00:04:21.280> there<00:04:21.519> i<00:04:21.600> worked<00:04:22.000> on<00:04:22.720> a<00:04:22.960> shuttle 00:04:23.430 --> 00:04:23.440 align:start position:0% and there i worked on a shuttle 00:04:23.440 --> 00:04:25.430 align:start position:0% and there i worked on a shuttle arbitrary<00:04:24.160> entry 00:04:25.430 --> 00:04:25.440 align:start position:0% arbitrary entry 00:04:25.440 --> 00:04:28.310 align:start position:0% arbitrary entry this<00:04:25.840> was<00:04:26.080> the<00:04:26.240> field<00:04:26.639> i<00:04:26.960> had<00:04:27.120> been<00:04:27.360> working<00:04:28.080> in 00:04:28.310 --> 00:04:28.320 align:start position:0% this was the field i had been working in 00:04:28.320 --> 00:04:30.230 align:start position:0% this was the field i had been working in with<00:04:28.560> my<00:04:28.800> dissertation 00:04:30.230 --> 00:04:30.240 align:start position:0% with my dissertation 00:04:30.240 --> 00:04:31.909 align:start position:0% with my dissertation so<00:04:30.479> we<00:04:30.639> did<00:04:30.800> some<00:04:30.960> investigations<00:04:31.680> and 00:04:31.909 --> 00:04:31.919 align:start position:0% so we did some investigations and 00:04:31.919 --> 00:04:34.710 align:start position:0% so we did some investigations and several<00:04:32.240> publications<00:04:32.880> in<00:04:32.960> this<00:04:33.120> area 00:04:34.710 --> 00:04:34.720 align:start position:0% several publications in this area 00:04:34.720 --> 00:04:36.870 align:start position:0% several publications in this area and<00:04:34.800> then<00:04:35.040> i<00:04:35.120> came<00:04:35.520> went<00:04:35.759> back<00:04:36.000> to<00:04:36.160> germany<00:04:36.560> but 00:04:36.870 --> 00:04:36.880 align:start position:0% and then i came went back to germany but 00:04:36.880 --> 00:04:38.150 align:start position:0% and then i came went back to germany but at<00:04:37.040> that<00:04:37.280> time 00:04:38.150 --> 00:04:38.160 align:start position:0% at that time 00:04:38.160 --> 00:04:40.390 align:start position:0% at that time i<00:04:38.320> think<00:04:38.880> all<00:04:39.040> the<00:04:39.199> activities<00:04:40.080> in<00:04:40.240> this 00:04:40.390 --> 00:04:40.400 align:start position:0% i think all the activities in this 00:04:40.400 --> 00:04:42.150 align:start position:0% i think all the activities in this direction<00:04:40.880> of<00:04:41.040> future 00:04:42.150 --> 00:04:42.160 align:start position:0% direction of future 00:04:42.160 --> 00:04:45.270 align:start position:0% direction of future um<00:04:43.280> launching<00:04:43.759> systems<00:04:44.240> in<00:04:44.320> europe 00:04:45.270 --> 00:04:45.280 align:start position:0% um launching systems in europe 00:04:45.280 --> 00:04:47.270 align:start position:0% um launching systems in europe they<00:04:45.440> were<00:04:45.600> very<00:04:45.840> delicate<00:04:46.240> so<00:04:46.800> there<00:04:46.960> was<00:04:47.120> not 00:04:47.270 --> 00:04:47.280 align:start position:0% they were very delicate so there was not 00:04:47.280 --> 00:04:49.110 align:start position:0% they were very delicate so there was not enough<00:04:47.520> money<00:04:47.840> so<00:04:48.080> they<00:04:48.240> abandoned<00:04:48.720> it<00:04:48.880> pretty 00:04:49.110 --> 00:04:49.120 align:start position:0% enough money so they abandoned it pretty 00:04:49.120 --> 00:04:50.310 align:start position:0% enough money so they abandoned it pretty soon 00:04:50.310 --> 00:04:50.320 align:start position:0% soon 00:04:50.320 --> 00:04:54.230 align:start position:0% soon and<00:04:50.400> that's<00:04:50.720> when<00:04:50.880> i<00:04:51.040> started<00:04:51.520> working<00:04:51.919> with 00:04:54.230 --> 00:04:54.240 align:start position:0% 00:04:54.240 --> 00:05:00.710 align:start position:0% satellite<00:04:55.520> control<00:04:56.320> and<00:04:56.720> my<00:04:56.960> group<00:04:57.280> did<00:04:57.600> the 00:05:00.710 --> 00:05:00.720 align:start position:0% 00:05:00.720 --> 00:05:03.110 align:start position:0% what<00:05:00.960> you<00:05:01.039> call<00:05:01.199> the<00:05:01.360> launch<00:05:01.759> and<00:05:02.400> positioning 00:05:03.110 --> 00:05:03.120 align:start position:0% what you call the launch and positioning 00:05:03.120 --> 00:05:04.950 align:start position:0% what you call the launch and positioning of<00:05:03.360> the<00:05:03.520> first<00:05:03.840> european<00:05:04.400> communication 00:05:04.950 --> 00:05:04.960 align:start position:0% of the first european communication 00:05:04.960 --> 00:05:05.990 align:start position:0% of the first european communication satellite<00:05:05.360> symphony 00:05:05.990 --> 00:05:06.000 align:start position:0% satellite symphony 00:05:06.000 --> 00:05:11.590 align:start position:0% satellite symphony in<00:05:06.440> 1974<00:05:08.080> and<00:05:08.840> 75. 00:05:11.590 --> 00:05:11.600 align:start position:0% in 1974 and 75. 00:05:11.600 --> 00:05:15.270 align:start position:0% in 1974 and 75. and<00:05:11.919> after<00:05:12.240> that<00:05:13.840> at<00:05:14.000> the<00:05:14.160> first<00:05:14.560> of<00:05:14.800> january<00:05:15.199> i 00:05:15.270 --> 00:05:15.280 align:start position:0% and after that at the first of january i 00:05:15.280 --> 00:05:17.590 align:start position:0% and after that at the first of january i think<00:05:15.440> it<00:05:15.600> was<00:05:15.759> in<00:05:15.919> 1975. 00:05:17.590 --> 00:05:17.600 align:start position:0% think it was in 1975. 00:05:17.600 --> 00:05:21.350 align:start position:0% think it was in 1975. i<00:05:17.840> became<00:05:18.479> uh<00:05:18.800> acting<00:05:19.199> head<00:05:20.400> of<00:05:20.639> the<00:05:20.880> research 00:05:21.350 --> 00:05:21.360 align:start position:0% i became uh acting head of the research 00:05:21.360 --> 00:05:21.990 align:start position:0% i became uh acting head of the research center 00:05:21.990 --> 00:05:22.000 align:start position:0% center 00:05:22.000 --> 00:05:25.909 align:start position:0% center over<00:05:22.560> an<00:05:22.720> orphan<00:05:23.039> of<00:05:23.120> dlr 00:05:25.909 --> 00:05:25.919 align:start position:0% 00:05:25.919 --> 00:05:29.510 align:start position:0% and<00:05:28.160> i<00:05:28.240> was<00:05:28.400> in<00:05:28.560> charge<00:05:28.960> of 00:05:29.510 --> 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in<00:05:40.199> 1972 00:05:41.510 --> 00:05:41.520 align:start position:0% installations at that center in 1972 00:05:41.520 --> 00:05:45.110 align:start position:0% installations at that center in 1972 so<00:05:41.759> one<00:05:41.919> year<00:05:42.080> earlier<00:05:42.479> the<00:05:43.360> federal<00:05:43.759> army 00:05:45.110 --> 00:05:45.120 align:start position:0% so one year earlier the federal army 00:05:45.120 --> 00:05:49.670 align:start position:0% so one year earlier the federal army uh<00:05:45.759> university<00:05:46.880> university<00:05:47.600> visited 00:05:49.670 --> 00:05:49.680 align:start position:0% uh university university visited 00:05:49.680 --> 00:05:52.790 align:start position:0% uh university university visited was<00:05:49.919> founded<00:05:51.199> in<00:05:51.440> neubee<00:05:51.840> buck<00:05:52.320> which<00:05:52.560> is 00:05:52.790 --> 00:05:52.800 align:start position:0% was founded in neubee buck which is 00:05:52.800 --> 00:05:56.629 align:start position:0% was founded in neubee buck which is close<00:05:53.039> to<00:05:53.199> here<00:05:54.400> and<00:05:55.280> i<00:05:55.440> got<00:05:55.600> an<00:05:55.759> invitation 00:05:56.629 --> 00:05:56.639 align:start position:0% close to here and i got an invitation 00:05:56.639 --> 00:06:00.070 align:start position:0% close to here and i got an invitation to<00:05:57.120> give<00:05:57.360> a<00:05:57.440> presentation<00:05:58.160> and 00:06:00.070 --> 00:06:00.080 align:start position:0% to give a presentation and 00:06:00.080 --> 00:06:03.510 align:start position:0% to give a presentation and possibly<00:06:00.479> become<00:06:00.880> a<00:06:01.680> professor<00:06:03.039> in<00:06:03.280> the 00:06:03.510 --> 00:06:03.520 align:start position:0% possibly become a professor in the 00:06:03.520 --> 00:06:04.790 align:start position:0% possibly become a professor in the aerospace<00:06:04.080> department 00:06:04.790 --> 00:06:04.800 align:start position:0% aerospace department 00:06:04.800 --> 00:06:09.189 align:start position:0% aerospace department of<00:06:04.880> this<00:06:05.120> university<00:06:06.720> and<00:06:07.759> after 00:06:09.189 --> 00:06:09.199 align:start position:0% of this university and after 00:06:09.199 --> 00:06:11.909 align:start position:0% of this university and after some<00:06:09.440> hesitation<00:06:10.160> i<00:06:10.479> decided<00:06:11.280> in<00:06:11.440> october 00:06:11.909 --> 00:06:11.919 align:start position:0% some hesitation i decided in october 00:06:11.919 --> 00:06:15.270 align:start position:0% some hesitation i decided in october 1975<00:06:12.960> to<00:06:13.120> go<00:06:13.360> there 00:06:15.270 --> 00:06:15.280 align:start position:0% 1975 to go there 00:06:15.280 --> 00:06:17.830 align:start position:0% 1975 to go there during<00:06:15.600> my<00:06:15.759> activities<00:06:16.400> at<00:06:16.639> the<00:06:17.199> oberhaven 00:06:17.830 --> 00:06:17.840 align:start position:0% during my activities at the oberhaven 00:06:17.840 --> 00:06:20.150 align:start position:0% during my activities at the oberhaven wolfen<00:06:18.160> research<00:06:18.479> center<00:06:18.800> of<00:06:18.880> dlr<00:06:19.759> i've 00:06:20.150 --> 00:06:20.160 align:start position:0% wolfen research center of dlr i've 00:06:20.160 --> 00:06:22.309 align:start position:0% wolfen research center of dlr i've become<00:06:20.479> acquainted<00:06:21.120> with 00:06:22.309 --> 00:06:22.319 align:start position:0% become acquainted with 00:06:22.319 --> 00:06:26.469 align:start position:0% become acquainted with satellite<00:06:22.800> imaging<00:06:24.319> essentially<00:06:24.880> for 00:06:26.469 --> 00:06:26.479 align:start position:0% satellite imaging essentially for 00:06:26.479 --> 00:06:29.430 align:start position:0% satellite imaging essentially for remote<00:06:26.880> control<00:06:27.520> not<00:06:27.680> remote<00:06:28.000> control<00:06:28.400> remote 00:06:29.430 --> 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position:0% which was you could observe 00:06:38.160 --> 00:06:41.270 align:start position:0% which was you could observe in<00:06:39.360> increasing<00:06:40.000> computed<00:06:40.720> power 00:06:41.270 --> 00:06:41.280 align:start position:0% in increasing computed power 00:06:41.280 --> 00:06:44.790 align:start position:0% in increasing computed power per<00:06:42.319> volume<00:06:42.880> per<00:06:43.600> performance 00:06:44.790 --> 00:06:44.800 align:start position:0% per volume per performance 00:06:44.800 --> 00:06:48.710 align:start position:0% per volume per performance unit<00:06:45.919> and<00:06:46.560> also<00:06:46.800> the<00:06:47.039> prices 00:06:48.710 --> 00:06:48.720 align:start position:0% unit and also the prices 00:06:48.720 --> 00:06:52.629 align:start position:0% unit and also the prices so<00:06:48.960> that<00:06:49.759> it<00:06:50.160> looked<00:06:50.639> like<00:06:50.880> you<00:06:51.039> could<00:06:51.280> afford 00:06:52.629 --> 00:06:52.639 align:start position:0% so that it looked like you could afford 00:06:52.639 --> 00:06:55.110 align:start position:0% so that it looked like you could afford uh<00:06:53.280> sufficient<00:06:53.840> computing<00:06:54.400> power<00:06:54.880> for 00:06:55.110 --> 00:06:55.120 align:start position:0% uh sufficient computing power for 00:06:55.120 --> 00:06:57.029 align:start position:0% uh sufficient computing power for real-time<00:06:55.599> image<00:06:55.840> processing<00:06:56.479> somewhat<00:06:56.880> 10 00:06:57.029 --> 00:06:57.039 align:start position:0% real-time image processing somewhat 10 00:06:57.039 --> 00:06:58.790 align:start position:0% real-time image processing somewhat 10 to<00:06:57.199> 15<00:06:57.599> years<00:06:57.840> down<00:06:58.000> the<00:06:58.160> road 00:06:58.790 --> 00:06:58.800 align:start position:0% to 15 years down the road 00:06:58.800 --> 00:07:02.070 align:start position:0% to 15 years down the road so<00:06:58.960> i<00:06:59.039> decided<00:07:00.840> to 00:07:02.070 --> 00:07:02.080 align:start position:0% so i decided to 00:07:02.080 --> 00:07:03.350 align:start position:0% so i decided to do<00:07:02.240> all<00:07:02.400> the<00:07:02.560> installations<00:07:03.120> at<00:07:03.280> the 00:07:03.350 --> 00:07:03.360 align:start position:0% do all the installations at the 00:07:03.360 --> 00:07:05.990 align:start position:0% do all the installations at the university<00:07:04.880> in<00:07:05.039> the<00:07:05.199> direction<00:07:05.759> of 00:07:05.990 --> 00:07:06.000 align:start position:0% university in the direction of 00:07:06.000 --> 00:07:07.909 align:start position:0% university in the direction of developing<00:07:06.720> vision<00:07:07.120> systems 00:07:07.909 --> 00:07:07.919 align:start position:0% developing vision systems 00:07:07.919 --> 00:07:11.589 align:start position:0% developing vision systems for<00:07:08.400> mobile<00:07:08.880> systems<00:07:10.479> and 00:07:11.589 --> 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first<00:07:23.280> dissertation<00:07:23.919> started<00:07:24.240> in<00:07:24.319> 1977 00:07:25.430 --> 00:07:25.440 align:start position:0% the first dissertation started in 1977 00:07:25.440 --> 00:07:27.749 align:start position:0% the first dissertation started in 1977 so<00:07:25.599> we<00:07:25.680> did<00:07:25.840> the<00:07:25.919> pole<00:07:26.160> balancing<00:07:26.639> first<00:07:27.680> and 00:07:27.749 --> 00:07:27.759 align:start position:0% so we did the pole balancing first and 00:07:27.759 --> 00:07:28.790 align:start position:0% so we did the pole balancing first and then<00:07:27.919> we<00:07:28.080> did<00:07:28.400> a 00:07:28.790 --> 00:07:28.800 align:start position:0% then we did a 00:07:28.800 --> 00:07:30.870 align:start position:0% then we did a satellite<00:07:29.440> control<00:07:30.080> i<00:07:30.160> can<00:07:30.319> show<00:07:30.479> you<00:07:30.639> in<00:07:30.800> a 00:07:30.870 --> 00:07:30.880 align:start position:0% satellite control i can show you in a 00:07:30.880 --> 00:07:33.189 align:start position:0% satellite control i can show you in a movie<00:07:31.280> if<00:07:31.520> you<00:07:31.759> if<00:07:32.000> you<00:07:32.080> like 00:07:33.189 --> 00:07:33.199 align:start position:0% movie if you if you like 00:07:33.199 --> 00:07:34.870 align:start position:0% movie if you if you like this<00:07:33.360> was<00:07:33.520> an<00:07:33.680> air<00:07:33.759> cushion<00:07:34.080> vehicle<00:07:34.479> floating 00:07:34.870 --> 00:07:34.880 align:start position:0% this was an air cushion vehicle floating 00:07:34.880 --> 00:07:37.270 align:start position:0% this was an air cushion vehicle floating on<00:07:35.039> a<00:07:35.199> table<00:07:35.759> two<00:07:35.919> by<00:07:36.080> three<00:07:36.319> meters 00:07:37.270 --> 00:07:37.280 align:start position:0% on a table two by three meters 00:07:37.280 --> 00:07:40.469 align:start position:0% on a table two by three meters and<00:07:37.680> doing<00:07:38.160> by<00:07:38.400> reaction<00:07:38.800> jet<00:07:39.120> control<00:07:39.680> doing 00:07:40.469 --> 00:07:40.479 align:start position:0% and doing by reaction jet control doing 00:07:40.479 --> 00:07:43.189 align:start position:0% and doing by reaction jet control doing docking<00:07:40.960> to<00:07:41.120> another<00:07:42.560> satellite<00:07:42.960> on<00:07:43.120> the 00:07:43.189 --> 00:07:43.199 align:start position:0% docking to another satellite on the 00:07:43.199 --> 00:07:44.629 align:start position:0% docking to another satellite on the table 00:07:44.629 --> 00:07:44.639 align:start position:0% table 00:07:44.639 --> 00:07:47.189 align:start position:0% table and<00:07:44.879> after<00:07:45.199> this<00:07:45.440> had<00:07:45.599> been<00:07:45.759> successful<00:07:46.960> we 00:07:47.189 --> 00:07:47.199 align:start position:0% and after this had been successful we 00:07:47.199 --> 00:07:47.990 align:start position:0% and after this had been successful we decided 00:07:47.990 --> 00:07:48.000 align:start position:0% decided 00:07:48.000 --> 00:07:51.270 align:start position:0% decided to<00:07:48.160> go<00:07:48.319> for<00:07:48.560> grants<00:07:49.680> and<00:07:49.919> that's<00:07:50.240> when 00:07:51.270 --> 00:07:51.280 align:start position:0% to go for grants and that's when 00:07:51.280 --> 00:07:54.710 align:start position:0% to go for grants and that's when the<00:07:52.400> development<00:07:52.960> of<00:07:53.440> our<00:07:53.680> vision<00:07:54.080> system<00:07:54.479> as 00:07:54.710 --> 00:07:54.720 align:start position:0% the development of our vision system as 00:07:54.720 --> 00:07:56.830 align:start position:0% the development of our vision system as a 00:07:56.830 --> 00:07:56.840 align:start position:0% a 00:07:56.840 --> 00:07:59.430 align:start position:0% a relatively<00:07:58.400> big<00:07:58.639> line<00:07:58.879> of<00:07:58.960> development 00:07:59.430 --> 00:07:59.440 align:start position:0% relatively big line of development 00:07:59.440 --> 00:08:01.189 align:start position:0% relatively big line of development started<00:07:59.759> here<00:07:59.919> in<00:08:00.080> germany 00:08:01.189 --> 00:08:01.199 align:start position:0% started here in germany 00:08:01.199 --> 00:08:04.390 align:start position:0% started here in germany so<00:08:01.440> we<00:08:02.960> were<00:08:03.199> approached<00:08:03.520> by<00:08:03.759> time<00:08:03.919> to<00:08:04.000> events 00:08:04.390 --> 00:08:04.400 align:start position:0% so we were approached by time to events 00:08:04.400 --> 00:08:05.510 align:start position:0% so we were approached by time to events but 00:08:05.510 --> 00:08:05.520 align:start position:0% but 00:08:05.520 --> 00:08:08.309 align:start position:0% but we<00:08:05.680> could<00:08:05.840> do<00:08:06.080> this<00:08:06.319> together<00:08:07.199> and<00:08:07.360> we<00:08:07.599> decided 00:08:08.309 --> 00:08:08.319 align:start position:0% we could do this together and we decided 00:08:08.319 --> 00:08:09.990 align:start position:0% we could do this together and we decided to<00:08:08.560> cooperate<00:08:09.120> with<00:08:09.360> the<00:08:09.440> daimler 00:08:09.990 --> 00:08:10.000 align:start position:0% to cooperate with the daimler 00:08:10.000 --> 00:08:11.589 align:start position:0% to cooperate with the daimler in<00:08:10.240> developing<00:08:10.720> the<00:08:10.800> sense<00:08:11.039> of<00:08:11.120> vision<00:08:11.440> for 00:08:11.589 --> 00:08:11.599 align:start position:0% in developing the sense of vision for 00:08:11.599 --> 00:08:13.350 align:start position:0% in developing the sense of vision for vehicles<00:08:12.639> at<00:08:12.800> that<00:08:12.960> time 00:08:13.350 --> 00:08:13.360 align:start position:0% vehicles at that time 00:08:13.360 --> 00:08:17.510 align:start position:0% vehicles at that time possibly<00:08:13.759> you<00:08:13.840> should<00:08:14.080> know<00:08:14.240> that<00:08:16.360> 1986 00:08:17.510 --> 00:08:17.520 align:start position:0% possibly you should know that 1986 00:08:17.520 --> 00:08:20.469 align:start position:0% possibly you should know that 1986 was<00:08:17.759> the<00:08:18.240> 100<00:08:18.800> year<00:08:19.120> anniversary<00:08:20.160> of<00:08:20.319> the 00:08:20.469 --> 00:08:20.479 align:start position:0% was the 100 year anniversary of the 00:08:20.479 --> 00:08:22.390 align:start position:0% was the 100 year anniversary of the first<00:08:20.800> car<00:08:21.120> being<00:08:21.360> built 00:08:22.390 --> 00:08:22.400 align:start position:0% first car being built 00:08:22.400 --> 00:08:25.990 align:start position:0% first car being built by<00:08:22.960> daimler<00:08:23.440> and<00:08:23.599> benz<00:08:25.120> they<00:08:25.280> approached<00:08:25.759> us 00:08:25.990 --> 00:08:26.000 align:start position:0% by daimler and benz they approached us 00:08:26.000 --> 00:08:27.270 align:start position:0% by daimler and benz they approached us and<00:08:26.160> said<00:08:26.479> there<00:08:26.639> was<00:08:26.879> a 00:08:27.270 --> 00:08:27.280 align:start position:0% and said there was a 00:08:27.280 --> 00:08:30.309 align:start position:0% and said there was a big<00:08:27.520> european<00:08:28.160> framework<00:08:28.879> the<00:08:29.199> eureka 00:08:30.309 --> 00:08:30.319 align:start position:0% big european framework the eureka 00:08:30.319 --> 00:08:32.389 align:start position:0% big european framework the eureka framework<00:08:31.039> where<00:08:31.680> industries<00:08:32.240> should 00:08:32.389 --> 00:08:32.399 align:start position:0% framework where industries should 00:08:32.399 --> 00:08:33.509 align:start position:0% framework where industries should cooperate 00:08:33.509 --> 00:08:33.519 align:start position:0% cooperate 00:08:33.519 --> 00:08:35.670 align:start position:0% cooperate in<00:08:33.680> order<00:08:33.919> to<00:08:34.080> compete<00:08:34.560> with<00:08:34.800> the<00:08:34.880> us<00:08:35.360> and<00:08:35.519> the 00:08:35.670 --> 00:08:35.680 align:start position:0% in order to compete with the us and the 00:08:35.680 --> 00:08:39.269 align:start position:0% in order to compete with the us and the japanese<00:08:36.240> developments<00:08:36.800> in<00:08:36.880> these<00:08:37.120> areas<00:08:37.519> so 00:08:39.269 --> 00:08:39.279 align:start position:0% japanese developments in these areas so 00:08:39.279 --> 00:08:42.550 align:start position:0% japanese developments in these areas so daimler<00:08:40.240> proposed<00:08:41.039> to<00:08:41.680> do<00:08:42.000> a 00:08:42.550 --> 00:08:42.560 align:start position:0% daimler proposed to do a 00:08:42.560 --> 00:08:45.350 align:start position:0% daimler proposed to do a large<00:08:42.880> scale<00:08:43.200> research<00:08:44.000> half<00:08:44.240> a<00:08:44.320> billion 00:08:45.350 --> 00:08:45.360 align:start position:0% large scale research half a billion 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developments and vision<00:08:54.720> became<00:08:55.279> one<00:08:55.519> of<00:08:55.680> these<00:08:56.240> issues<00:08:56.800> so<00:08:57.040> we 00:08:57.269 --> 00:08:57.279 align:start position:0% vision became one of these issues so we 00:08:57.279 --> 00:08:58.389 align:start position:0% vision became one of these issues so we were 00:08:58.389 --> 00:08:58.399 align:start position:0% were 00:08:58.399 --> 00:09:02.230 align:start position:0% were successful<00:08:59.519> in<00:08:59.760> eliminating<00:09:01.279> buried<00:09:01.680> cables 00:09:02.230 --> 00:09:02.240 align:start position:0% successful in eliminating buried cables 00:09:02.240 --> 00:09:04.230 align:start position:0% successful in eliminating buried cables for<00:09:02.399> driving<00:09:02.880> autonomously<00:09:03.519> on<00:09:03.600> the<00:09:03.760> autobahn 00:09:04.230 --> 00:09:04.240 align:start position:0% for driving autonomously on the autobahn 00:09:04.240 --> 00:09:06.389 align:start position:0% for driving autonomously on the autobahn and<00:09:04.399> we<00:09:04.560> said<00:09:04.800> we<00:09:04.880> can<00:09:05.040> do<00:09:05.200> it<00:09:05.279> by<00:09:05.440> vision 00:09:06.389 --> 00:09:06.399 align:start position:0% and we said we can do it by vision 00:09:06.399 --> 00:09:09.829 align:start position:0% and we said we can do it by vision and<00:09:06.560> we<00:09:06.720> got<00:09:06.959> this<00:09:07.200> contract<00:09:08.800> and<00:09:09.279> uh<00:09:09.600> well 00:09:09.829 --> 00:09:09.839 align:start position:0% and we got this contract and uh well 00:09:09.839 --> 00:09:10.630 align:start position:0% and we got this contract and uh well there<00:09:10.000> were 00:09:10.630 --> 00:09:10.640 align:start position:0% there were 00:09:10.640 --> 00:09:12.630 align:start position:0% there were several<00:09:11.279> steps<00:09:11.680> in<00:09:11.760> between<00:09:12.240> i<00:09:12.320> think<00:09:12.560> i 00:09:12.630 --> 00:09:12.640 align:start position:0% several steps in between i think i 00:09:12.640 --> 00:09:13.910 align:start position:0% several steps in between i think i skipped<00:09:12.959> these<00:09:13.200> you<00:09:13.360> can<00:09:13.440> see<00:09:13.600> them<00:09:13.760> in<00:09:13.839> the 00:09:13.910 --> 00:09:13.920 align:start position:0% skipped these you can see them in the 00:09:13.920 --> 00:09:14.949 align:start position:0% skipped these you can see them in the video 00:09:14.949 --> 00:09:14.959 align:start position:0% video 00:09:14.959 --> 00:09:16.550 align:start position:0% video and<00:09:15.120> we<00:09:15.279> made<00:09:15.440> a<00:09:15.519> final<00:09:15.760> demonstration<00:09:16.480> of 00:09:16.550 --> 00:09:16.560 align:start position:0% and we made a final demonstration of 00:09:16.560 --> 00:09:18.310 align:start position:0% and we made a final demonstration of this<00:09:16.800> project<00:09:17.120> which<00:09:17.360> run<00:09:17.519> for<00:09:17.680> seven<00:09:18.000> years 00:09:18.310 --> 00:09:18.320 align:start position:0% this project which run for seven years 00:09:18.320 --> 00:09:19.350 align:start position:0% this project which run for seven years from<00:09:18.560> 87<00:09:19.040> to 00:09:19.350 --> 00:09:19.360 align:start position:0% from 87 to 00:09:19.360 --> 00:09:22.790 align:start position:0% from 87 to 94.<00:09:20.720> at<00:09:20.880> the<00:09:21.040> paris 00:09:22.790 --> 00:09:22.800 align:start position:0% 94. at the paris 00:09:22.800 --> 00:09:27.350 align:start position:0% 94. at the paris demonstration<00:09:24.640> in<00:09:24.880> october<00:09:25.519> 1994. 00:09:27.350 --> 00:09:27.360 align:start position:0% demonstration in october 1994. 00:09:27.360 --> 00:09:29.990 align:start position:0% demonstration in october 1994. for<00:09:27.519> this<00:09:27.839> demonstration<00:09:28.959> daimler<00:09:29.360> had 00:09:29.990 --> 00:09:30.000 align:start position:0% for this demonstration daimler had 00:09:30.000 --> 00:09:30.949 align:start position:0% for this demonstration daimler had equipped<00:09:30.480> two 00:09:30.949 --> 00:09:30.959 align:start position:0% equipped two 00:09:30.959 --> 00:09:35.030 align:start position:0% equipped two s<00:09:31.680> 500<00:09:33.200> cars 00:09:35.030 --> 00:09:35.040 align:start position:0% s 500 cars 00:09:35.040 --> 00:09:38.790 align:start position:0% s 500 cars with<00:09:35.360> vision<00:09:35.680> systems<00:09:37.040> and 00:09:38.790 --> 00:09:38.800 align:start position:0% with vision systems and 00:09:38.800 --> 00:09:41.670 align:start position:0% with vision systems and we<00:09:39.040> drove<00:09:39.839> in<00:09:40.240> normal<00:09:40.640> traffic<00:09:41.200> around<00:09:41.519> the 00:09:41.670 --> 00:09:41.680 align:start position:0% we drove in normal traffic around the 00:09:41.680 --> 00:09:42.949 align:start position:0% we drove in normal traffic around the airport 00:09:42.949 --> 00:09:42.959 align:start position:0% airport 00:09:42.959 --> 00:09:46.070 align:start position:0% airport charles<00:09:43.200> de<00:09:43.360> gaulle<00:09:44.800> three<00:09:45.040> lane<00:09:45.279> traffic 00:09:46.070 --> 00:09:46.080 align:start position:0% charles de gaulle three lane traffic 00:09:46.080 --> 00:09:48.630 align:start position:0% charles de gaulle three lane traffic with<00:09:46.480> speeds<00:09:46.880> up<00:09:46.959> to<00:09:47.120> 130<00:09:47.760> kilometers<00:09:48.320> doing 00:09:48.630 --> 00:09:48.640 align:start position:0% with speeds up to 130 kilometers doing 00:09:48.640 --> 00:09:50.550 align:start position:0% with speeds up to 130 kilometers doing autonomous<00:09:49.120> lane<00:09:49.360> changes<00:09:49.839> with<00:09:50.080> guests<00:09:50.399> on 00:09:50.550 --> 00:09:50.560 align:start position:0% autonomous lane changes with guests on 00:09:50.560 --> 00:09:51.670 align:start position:0% autonomous lane changes with guests on board 00:09:51.670 --> 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total or two vehicles and over several<00:10:00.000> thousand<00:10:00.399> kilometers<00:10:01.519> on<00:10:01.760> the 00:10:01.990 --> 00:10:02.000 align:start position:0% several thousand kilometers on the 00:10:02.000 --> 00:10:02.870 align:start position:0% several thousand kilometers on the ottawa<00:10:02.560> one 00:10:02.870 --> 00:10:02.880 align:start position:0% ottawa one 00:10:02.880 --> 00:10:06.310 align:start position:0% ottawa one in<00:10:03.040> france 00:10:06.310 --> 00:10:06.320 align:start position:0% 00:10:06.320 --> 00:10:09.110 align:start position:0% and<00:10:06.399> the<00:10:06.480> next<00:10:06.720> step<00:10:06.959> was<00:10:07.279> a<00:10:07.920> continuation<00:10:08.959> of 00:10:09.110 --> 00:10:09.120 align:start position:0% and the next step was a continuation of 00:10:09.120 --> 00:10:10.949 align:start position:0% and the next step was a continuation of this<00:10:09.360> by<00:10:09.600> european<00:10:10.079> funding 00:10:10.949 --> 00:10:10.959 align:start position:0% this by european funding 00:10:10.959 --> 00:10:15.350 align:start position:0% this by european funding so<00:10:12.399> we<00:10:13.200> switched<00:10:13.600> to<00:10:13.760> the<00:10:13.920> next<00:10:14.240> generation 00:10:15.350 --> 00:10:15.360 align:start position:0% so we switched to the next generation 00:10:15.360 --> 00:10:18.230 align:start position:0% so we switched to the next generation the<00:10:15.519> first<00:10:15.839> one<00:10:16.079> was<00:10:16.320> done<00:10:16.720> with<00:10:17.440> transputers 00:10:18.230 --> 00:10:18.240 align:start position:0% the first one was done with transputers 00:10:18.240 --> 00:10:19.590 align:start position:0% the first one was done with transputers and<00:10:18.320> then<00:10:18.480> we<00:10:18.640> switched<00:10:19.040> to<00:10:19.200> the<00:10:19.279> next 00:10:19.590 --> 00:10:19.600 align:start position:0% and then we switched to the next 00:10:19.600 --> 00:10:21.110 align:start position:0% and then we switched to the next generation 00:10:21.110 --> 00:10:21.120 align:start position:0% generation 00:10:21.120 --> 00:10:23.110 align:start position:0% generation of<00:10:21.360> transputers<00:10:21.920> we<00:10:22.079> hope<00:10:22.320> but<00:10:22.480> this<00:10:22.640> didn't 00:10:23.110 --> 00:10:23.120 align:start position:0% of transputers we hope but this didn't 00:10:23.120 --> 00:10:24.150 align:start position:0% of transputers we hope but this didn't didn't<00:10:23.360> realize 00:10:24.150 --> 00:10:24.160 align:start position:0% didn't realize 00:10:24.160 --> 00:10:28.150 align:start position:0% didn't realize the<00:10:24.399> nine<00:10:24.720> series<00:10:26.399> never<00:10:26.640> came<00:10:26.880> to<00:10:27.120> existence 00:10:28.150 --> 00:10:28.160 align:start position:0% the nine series never came to existence 00:10:28.160 --> 00:10:31.190 align:start position:0% the nine series never came to existence so<00:10:28.399> we<00:10:28.560> switched<00:10:29.040> to<00:10:29.680> conventional 00:10:31.190 --> 00:10:31.200 align:start position:0% so we switched to conventional 00:10:31.200 --> 00:10:33.269 align:start position:0% so we switched to conventional processing<00:10:32.320> with<00:10:32.560> the<00:10:32.640> methods<00:10:33.040> we<00:10:33.200> have 00:10:33.269 --> 00:10:33.279 align:start position:0% processing with the methods we have 00:10:33.279 --> 00:10:34.389 align:start position:0% processing with the methods we have developed 00:10:34.389 --> 00:10:34.399 align:start position:0% developed 00:10:34.399 --> 00:10:36.150 align:start position:0% developed which<00:10:34.800> have<00:10:34.959> been<00:10:35.120> derived<00:10:35.600> from<00:10:35.760> control 00:10:36.150 --> 00:10:36.160 align:start position:0% which have been derived from control 00:10:36.160 --> 00:10:38.550 align:start position:0% which have been derived from control engineering<00:10:36.640> recursive<00:10:37.200> estimation<00:10:37.760> methods 00:10:38.550 --> 00:10:38.560 align:start position:0% engineering recursive estimation methods 00:10:38.560 --> 00:10:41.350 align:start position:0% engineering recursive estimation methods quite<00:10:38.800> contrary<00:10:39.600> to<00:10:39.760> what<00:10:40.000> has<00:10:40.160> been<00:10:40.320> done<00:10:40.720> in 00:10:41.350 --> 00:10:41.360 align:start position:0% quite contrary to what has been done in 00:10:41.360 --> 00:10:41.829 align:start position:0% quite contrary to what has been done in the 00:10:41.829 --> 00:10:41.839 align:start position:0% the 00:10:41.839 --> 00:10:45.990 align:start position:0% the ai<00:10:42.480> and<00:10:44.399> computer<00:10:44.800> science<00:10:45.120> community 00:10:45.990 --> 00:10:46.000 align:start position:0% ai and computer science community 00:10:46.000 --> 00:10:48.230 align:start position:0% ai and computer science community where<00:10:46.480> they<00:10:46.720> looked<00:10:46.959> at<00:10:47.120> image<00:10:47.440> processing 00:10:48.230 --> 00:10:48.240 align:start position:0% where they looked at image processing 00:10:48.240 --> 00:10:50.710 align:start position:0% where they looked at image processing essentially<00:10:48.959> as<00:10:49.200> a<00:10:49.440> cause<00:10:49.760> aesthetic 00:10:50.710 --> 00:10:50.720 align:start position:0% essentially as a cause aesthetic 00:10:50.720 --> 00:10:54.069 align:start position:0% essentially as a cause aesthetic image<00:10:51.040> evaluation<00:10:52.399> and<00:10:52.640> by<00:10:53.440> evaluating 00:10:54.069 --> 00:10:54.079 align:start position:0% image evaluation and by evaluating 00:10:54.079 --> 00:10:56.069 align:start position:0% image evaluation and by evaluating sequences<00:10:54.640> of<00:10:54.800> embedded<00:10:55.120> images<00:10:55.519> they<00:10:55.680> wanted 00:10:56.069 --> 00:10:56.079 align:start position:0% sequences of embedded images they wanted 00:10:56.079 --> 00:10:56.870 align:start position:0% sequences of embedded images they wanted to<00:10:56.240> arrive 00:10:56.870 --> 00:10:56.880 align:start position:0% to arrive 00:10:56.880 --> 00:11:00.069 align:start position:0% to arrive at<00:10:57.200> an<00:10:57.360> interpretation<00:10:58.240> of<00:10:58.480> the<00:10:59.519> motion<00:10:59.839> along 00:11:00.069 --> 00:11:00.079 align:start position:0% at an interpretation of the motion along 00:11:00.079 --> 00:11:01.269 align:start position:0% at an interpretation of the motion along the<00:11:00.240> timeline 00:11:01.269 --> 00:11:01.279 align:start position:0% the timeline 00:11:01.279 --> 00:11:04.069 align:start position:0% the timeline our<00:11:01.600> approach<00:11:02.079> was<00:11:02.399> quite<00:11:02.640> different<00:11:03.120> we<00:11:03.360> said 00:11:04.069 --> 00:11:04.079 align:start position:0% our approach was quite different we said 00:11:04.079 --> 00:11:04.949 align:start position:0% our approach was quite different we said we<00:11:04.240> want<00:11:04.480> to<00:11:04.640> do 00:11:04.949 --> 00:11:04.959 align:start position:0% we want to do 00:11:04.959 --> 00:11:07.509 align:start position:0% we want to do a<00:11:05.200> high<00:11:06.000> evaluation<00:11:06.720> rate<00:11:07.040> right<00:11:07.200> from<00:11:07.360> the 00:11:07.509 --> 00:11:07.519 align:start position:0% a high evaluation rate right from the 00:11:07.519 --> 00:11:08.630 align:start position:0% a high evaluation rate right from the beginning 00:11:08.630 --> 00:11:08.640 align:start position:0% beginning 00:11:08.640 --> 00:11:12.630 align:start position:0% beginning i<00:11:08.800> made<00:11:09.120> the<00:11:09.760> set<00:11:10.000> the<00:11:10.079> limit<00:11:10.399> at<00:11:11.600> 0.1<00:11:12.160> seconds 00:11:12.630 --> 00:11:12.640 align:start position:0% i made the set the limit at 0.1 seconds 00:11:12.640 --> 00:11:12.949 align:start position:0% i made the set the limit at 0.1 seconds so 00:11:12.949 --> 00:11:12.959 align:start position:0% so 00:11:12.959 --> 00:11:16.230 align:start position:0% so 10<00:11:13.200> frames<00:11:13.519> a<00:11:13.600> second<00:11:14.720> and<00:11:14.880> then<00:11:15.120> we 00:11:16.230 --> 00:11:16.240 align:start position:0% 10 frames a second and then we 00:11:16.240 --> 00:11:18.630 align:start position:0% 10 frames a second and then we decreased<00:11:16.800> the<00:11:16.959> complexity<00:11:17.519> of<00:11:17.600> the<00:11:17.760> task<00:11:18.480> and 00:11:18.630 --> 00:11:18.640 align:start position:0% decreased the complexity of the task and 00:11:18.640 --> 00:11:20.310 align:start position:0% decreased the complexity of the task and we<00:11:18.800> wanted<00:11:19.120> to<00:11:19.279> increase<00:11:19.600> the<00:11:19.760> complexity 00:11:20.310 --> 00:11:20.320 align:start position:0% we wanted to increase the complexity 00:11:20.320 --> 00:11:21.750 align:start position:0% we wanted to increase the complexity when<00:11:20.560> more<00:11:20.720> computing<00:11:21.200> power<00:11:21.440> became 00:11:21.750 --> 00:11:21.760 align:start position:0% when more computing power became 00:11:21.760 --> 00:11:23.670 align:start position:0% when more computing power became available 00:11:23.670 --> 00:11:23.680 align:start position:0% available 00:11:23.680 --> 00:11:26.710 align:start position:0% available and<00:11:23.839> of<00:11:23.920> course<00:11:25.519> what<00:11:25.680> you<00:11:25.839> could<00:11:26.000> observe<00:11:26.399> was 00:11:26.710 --> 00:11:26.720 align:start position:0% and of course what you could observe was 00:11:26.720 --> 00:11:27.190 align:start position:0% and of course what you could observe was that 00:11:27.190 --> 00:11:27.200 align:start position:0% that 00:11:27.200 --> 00:11:30.150 align:start position:0% that every<00:11:28.000> i<00:11:28.160> say<00:11:28.399> phd<00:11:28.880> generation<00:11:29.440> four<00:11:29.680> to<00:11:29.839> five 00:11:30.150 --> 00:11:30.160 align:start position:0% every i say phd generation four to five 00:11:30.160 --> 00:11:30.870 align:start position:0% every i say phd generation four to five years 00:11:30.870 --> 00:11:30.880 align:start position:0% years 00:11:30.880 --> 00:11:32.470 align:start position:0% years the<00:11:31.040> computing<00:11:31.519> power<00:11:31.920> increased<00:11:32.240> by<00:11:32.399> a 00:11:32.470 --> 00:11:32.480 align:start position:0% the computing power increased by a 00:11:32.480 --> 00:11:34.150 align:start position:0% the computing power increased by a factor<00:11:32.800> of<00:11:32.959> 10. 00:11:34.150 --> 00:11:34.160 align:start position:0% factor of 10. 00:11:34.160 --> 00:11:39.750 align:start position:0% factor of 10. so<00:11:34.399> within<00:11:36.640> 15<00:11:37.040> years<00:11:37.360> we<00:11:37.519> started<00:11:38.040> 1977 00:11:39.750 --> 00:11:39.760 align:start position:0% so within 15 years we started 1977 00:11:39.760 --> 00:11:43.829 align:start position:0% so within 15 years we started 1977 from<00:11:39.920> 80<00:11:40.240> to<00:11:40.399> 95.<00:11:41.519> this<00:11:41.839> is<00:11:42.000> a<00:11:42.320> factor<00:11:42.640> of<00:11:42.880> 1000 00:11:43.829 --> 00:11:43.839 align:start position:0% from 80 to 95. this is a factor of 1000 00:11:43.839 --> 00:11:47.269 align:start position:0% from 80 to 95. this is a factor of 1000 in<00:11:44.000> computing<00:11:44.480> power<00:11:45.760> and<00:11:45.920> then<00:11:46.640> at<00:11:46.720> that<00:11:46.959> time 00:11:47.269 --> 00:11:47.279 align:start position:0% in computing power and then at that time 00:11:47.279 --> 00:11:48.069 align:start position:0% in computing power and then at that time there<00:11:47.519> was 00:11:48.069 --> 00:11:48.079 align:start position:0% there was 00:11:48.079 --> 00:11:51.990 align:start position:0% there was sufficient<00:11:49.279> speed<00:11:49.839> and<00:11:51.040> the<00:11:51.360> the<00:11:51.519> systems 00:11:51.990 --> 00:11:52.000 align:start position:0% sufficient speed and the the systems 00:11:52.000 --> 00:11:53.750 align:start position:0% sufficient speed and the the systems were<00:11:52.160> small<00:11:52.480> enough<00:11:52.800> so<00:11:52.959> we<00:11:53.120> could<00:11:53.279> switch 00:11:53.750 --> 00:11:53.760 align:start position:0% were small enough so we could switch 00:11:53.760 --> 00:11:56.629 align:start position:0% were small enough so we could switch to<00:11:54.480> off-the-shelf<00:11:55.519> systems<00:11:56.000> up<00:11:56.160> to<00:11:56.320> then<00:11:56.480> we 00:11:56.629 --> 00:11:56.639 align:start position:0% to off-the-shelf systems up to then we 00:11:56.639 --> 00:11:58.790 align:start position:0% to off-the-shelf systems up to then we had<00:11:56.800> custom<00:11:57.200> design<00:11:57.600> systems 00:11:58.790 --> 00:11:58.800 align:start position:0% had custom design systems 00:11:58.800 --> 00:12:02.310 align:start position:0% had custom design systems but<00:11:59.040> not<00:11:59.760> as<00:12:00.000> in<00:12:00.160> the<00:12:00.240> us<00:12:00.800> developing 00:12:02.310 --> 00:12:02.320 align:start position:0% but not as in the us developing 00:12:02.320 --> 00:12:05.509 align:start position:0% but not as in the us developing systems<00:12:02.800> completely<00:12:03.279> new<00:12:03.600> with<00:12:04.880> hundreds<00:12:05.360> and 00:12:05.509 --> 00:12:05.519 align:start position:0% systems completely new with hundreds and 00:12:05.519 --> 00:12:07.430 align:start position:0% systems completely new with hundreds and thousands<00:12:06.000> and<00:12:06.160> ten<00:12:06.399> thousands<00:12:06.880> of 00:12:07.430 --> 00:12:07.440 align:start position:0% thousands and ten thousands of 00:12:07.440 --> 00:12:09.269 align:start position:0% thousands and ten thousands of processors<00:12:08.079> maybe<00:12:08.320> single<00:12:08.639> bit<00:12:08.800> processors 00:12:09.269 --> 00:12:09.279 align:start position:0% processors maybe single bit processors 00:12:09.279 --> 00:12:10.069 align:start position:0% processors maybe single bit processors but<00:12:09.440> we<00:12:09.600> decided 00:12:10.069 --> 00:12:10.079 align:start position:0% but we decided 00:12:10.079 --> 00:12:15.670 align:start position:0% but we decided right<00:12:10.320> from<00:12:10.480> the<00:12:10.639> beginning<00:12:12.480> to<00:12:12.639> go<00:12:12.959> for 00:12:15.670 --> 00:12:15.680 align:start position:0% 00:12:15.680 --> 00:12:19.350 align:start position:0% conventional<00:12:16.800> microprocessors<00:12:18.079> because 00:12:19.350 --> 00:12:19.360 align:start position:0% conventional microprocessors because 00:12:19.360 --> 00:12:21.990 align:start position:0% conventional microprocessors because we<00:12:19.600> saw<00:12:19.920> that<00:12:20.399> there<00:12:20.560> is<00:12:20.639> a<00:12:20.800> big<00:12:20.959> difference 00:12:21.990 --> 00:12:22.000 align:start position:0% we saw that there is a big difference 00:12:22.000 --> 00:12:23.990 align:start position:0% we saw that there is a big difference between<00:12:22.480> the<00:12:22.639> biological<00:12:23.279> systems 00:12:23.990 --> 00:12:24.000 align:start position:0% between the biological systems 00:12:24.000 --> 00:12:27.110 align:start position:0% between the biological systems which<00:12:24.240> was<00:12:24.560> one<00:12:24.720> of<00:12:24.800> the<00:12:25.680> um 00:12:27.110 --> 00:12:27.120 align:start position:0% which was one of the um 00:12:27.120 --> 00:12:30.629 align:start position:0% which was one of the um yeah<00:12:27.440> the<00:12:27.760> the<00:12:28.079> the<00:12:28.399> uh 00:12:30.629 --> 00:12:30.639 align:start position:0% 00:12:30.639 --> 00:12:33.030 align:start position:0% the<00:12:30.800> predecessors<00:12:31.519> where<00:12:32.160> the<00:12:32.399> development 00:12:33.030 --> 00:12:33.040 align:start position:0% the predecessors where the development 00:12:33.040 --> 00:12:35.190 align:start position:0% the predecessors where the development in<00:12:33.279> in<00:12:33.440> your<00:12:33.600> country<00:12:33.920> in<00:12:34.000> the<00:12:34.079> us 00:12:35.190 --> 00:12:35.200 align:start position:0% in in your country in the us 00:12:35.200 --> 00:12:37.190 align:start position:0% in in your country in the us they<00:12:35.360> looked<00:12:35.680> at<00:12:36.000> and<00:12:36.160> said<00:12:36.480> the<00:12:36.800> technical 00:12:37.190 --> 00:12:37.200 align:start position:0% they looked at and said the technical 00:12:37.200 --> 00:12:40.790 align:start position:0% they looked at and said the technical systems<00:12:37.760> should<00:12:38.160> look<00:12:38.399> similar<00:12:38.800> to<00:12:39.040> the 00:12:40.790 --> 00:12:40.800 align:start position:0% systems should look similar to the 00:12:40.800 --> 00:12:43.350 align:start position:0% systems should look similar to the biological<00:12:41.360> eye<00:12:42.399> and<00:12:42.800> quite<00:12:42.959> a<00:12:43.040> bit<00:12:43.120> of<00:12:43.279> the 00:12:43.350 --> 00:12:43.360 align:start position:0% biological eye and quite a bit of the 00:12:43.360 --> 00:12:44.310 align:start position:0% biological eye and quite a bit of the development<00:12:43.920> was 00:12:44.310 --> 00:12:44.320 align:start position:0% development was 00:12:44.320 --> 00:12:46.870 align:start position:0% development was going<00:12:44.639> into<00:12:44.880> the<00:12:44.880> direction<00:12:45.440> of<00:12:46.399> coming<00:12:46.639> from 00:12:46.870 --> 00:12:46.880 align:start position:0% going into the direction of coming from 00:12:46.880 --> 00:12:47.790 align:start position:0% going into the direction of coming from pixels<00:12:47.600> to 00:12:47.790 --> 00:12:47.800 align:start position:0% pixels to 00:12:47.800 --> 00:12:49.670 align:start position:0% pixels to [Music] 00:12:49.670 --> 00:12:49.680 align:start position:0% [Music] 00:12:49.680 --> 00:12:52.790 align:start position:0% [Music] processing<00:12:50.240> structures<00:12:50.800> behind<00:12:51.200> that<00:12:52.240> and 00:12:52.790 --> 00:12:52.800 align:start position:0% processing structures behind that and 00:12:52.800 --> 00:12:57.030 align:start position:0% processing structures behind that and we<00:12:53.040> said<00:12:53.680> there<00:12:53.920> is<00:12:54.079> no<00:12:54.320> need<00:12:55.040> for<00:12:55.440> combining 00:12:57.030 --> 00:12:57.040 align:start position:0% we said there is no need for combining 00:12:57.040 --> 00:13:00.069 align:start position:0% we said there is no need for combining image<00:12:57.360> taking<00:12:58.079> with<00:12:58.399> processing<00:12:59.120> because<00:12:59.839> in 00:13:00.069 --> 00:13:00.079 align:start position:0% image taking with processing because in 00:13:00.079 --> 00:13:03.110 align:start position:0% image taking with processing because in silicon<00:13:01.360> you<00:13:01.519> have 00:13:03.110 --> 00:13:03.120 align:start position:0% silicon you have 00:13:03.120 --> 00:13:05.750 align:start position:0% silicon you have 10<00:13:03.360> to<00:13:03.440> the<00:13:03.600> 5<00:13:03.920> 10<00:13:04.079> to<00:13:04.240> the<00:13:04.480> six<00:13:04.800> times<00:13:05.200> higher 00:13:05.750 --> 00:13:05.760 align:start position:0% 10 to the 5 10 to the six times higher 00:13:05.760 --> 00:13:06.470 align:start position:0% 10 to the 5 10 to the six times higher bandwidth 00:13:06.470 --> 00:13:06.480 align:start position:0% bandwidth 00:13:06.480 --> 00:13:09.829 align:start position:0% bandwidth so<00:13:06.639> you<00:13:06.800> can<00:13:07.519> send<00:13:08.639> not<00:13:08.800> just<00:13:09.120> two<00:13:09.360> three<00:13:09.600> four 00:13:09.829 --> 00:13:09.839 align:start position:0% so you can send not just two three four 00:13:09.839 --> 00:13:11.750 align:start position:0% so you can send not just two three four but<00:13:10.079> dozens<00:13:10.480> of<00:13:10.639> images 00:13:11.750 --> 00:13:11.760 align:start position:0% but dozens of images 00:13:11.760 --> 00:13:14.389 align:start position:0% but dozens of images in<00:13:12.399> one<00:13:12.639> frame<00:13:12.880> time<00:13:13.519> so<00:13:13.680> there's<00:13:13.920> no<00:13:14.079> need<00:13:14.320> to 00:13:14.389 --> 00:13:14.399 align:start position:0% in one frame time so there's no need to 00:13:14.399 --> 00:13:17.990 align:start position:0% in one frame time so there's no need to do<00:13:14.560> this<00:13:14.800> and<00:13:14.959> we<00:13:15.120> could<00:13:15.279> stick<00:13:15.600> to<00:13:15.760> the 00:13:17.990 --> 00:13:18.000 align:start position:0% do this and we could stick to the 00:13:18.000 --> 00:13:20.310 align:start position:0% do this and we could stick to the conventional<00:13:18.959> microprocessors<00:13:19.920> but<00:13:20.160> of 00:13:20.310 --> 00:13:20.320 align:start position:0% conventional microprocessors but of 00:13:20.320 --> 00:13:21.910 align:start position:0% conventional microprocessors but of course<00:13:20.959> the 00:13:21.910 --> 00:13:21.920 align:start position:0% course the 00:13:21.920 --> 00:13:24.550 align:start position:0% course the evaluation<00:13:22.959> has<00:13:23.200> to<00:13:23.440> adjust<00:13:24.160> to<00:13:24.320> these 00:13:24.550 --> 00:13:24.560 align:start position:0% evaluation has to adjust to these 00:13:24.560 --> 00:13:25.670 align:start position:0% evaluation has to adjust to these properties 00:13:25.670 --> 00:13:25.680 align:start position:0% properties 00:13:25.680 --> 00:13:28.310 align:start position:0% properties and<00:13:25.920> this<00:13:26.160> of<00:13:26.240> course<00:13:27.440> could<00:13:27.600> be<00:13:27.760> done<00:13:28.079> with 00:13:28.310 --> 00:13:28.320 align:start position:0% and this of course could be done with 00:13:28.320 --> 00:13:30.389 align:start position:0% and this of course could be done with the<00:13:28.639> recursive<00:13:29.120> estimation<00:13:29.600> technologies 00:13:30.389 --> 00:13:30.399 align:start position:0% the recursive estimation technologies 00:13:30.399 --> 00:13:33.509 align:start position:0% the recursive estimation technologies which<00:13:30.639> have<00:13:30.800> been<00:13:31.279> around<00:13:31.600> since<00:13:31.920> 1960<00:13:33.279> since 00:13:33.509 --> 00:13:33.519 align:start position:0% which have been around since 1960 since 00:13:33.519 --> 00:13:34.790 align:start position:0% which have been around since 1960 since the<00:13:33.680> kalman<00:13:34.000> filter 00:13:34.790 --> 00:13:34.800 align:start position:0% the kalman filter 00:13:34.800 --> 00:13:38.150 align:start position:0% the kalman filter but<00:13:35.279> not<00:13:35.839> as<00:13:36.160> has<00:13:36.320> been<00:13:36.560> done<00:13:36.959> in<00:13:37.519> the<00:13:37.760> computer 00:13:38.150 --> 00:13:38.160 align:start position:0% but not as has been done in the computer 00:13:38.160 --> 00:13:39.509 align:start position:0% but not as has been done in the computer science<00:13:38.399> community 00:13:39.509 --> 00:13:39.519 align:start position:0% science community 00:13:39.519 --> 00:13:42.150 align:start position:0% science community by<00:13:40.000> looking<00:13:40.320> at<00:13:40.480> static<00:13:40.880> images<00:13:41.680> but<00:13:41.920> by 00:13:42.150 --> 00:13:42.160 align:start position:0% by looking at static images but by 00:13:42.160 --> 00:13:43.110 align:start position:0% by looking at static images but by looking<00:13:42.560> at 00:13:43.110 --> 00:13:43.120 align:start position:0% looking at 00:13:43.120 --> 00:13:46.150 align:start position:0% looking at real<00:13:43.839> image<00:13:44.160> sequences<00:13:44.800> with<00:13:45.120> models 00:13:46.150 --> 00:13:46.160 align:start position:0% real image sequences with models 00:13:46.160 --> 00:13:49.910 align:start position:0% real image sequences with models for<00:13:47.360> motion<00:13:48.480> of<00:13:48.880> 3d<00:13:49.279> objects 00:13:49.910 --> 00:13:49.920 align:start position:0% for motion of 3d objects 00:13:49.920 --> 00:13:54.470 align:start position:0% for motion of 3d objects so<00:13:50.240> these<00:13:50.480> were<00:13:50.800> 4d<00:13:52.480> 3d 00:13:54.470 --> 00:13:54.480 align:start position:0% so these were 4d 3d 00:13:54.480 --> 00:13:58.150 align:start position:0% so these were 4d 3d motion<00:13:55.120> of<00:13:55.360> 3d<00:13:55.839> objects<00:13:56.720> in<00:13:56.959> time<00:13:57.279> over<00:13:57.600> time 00:13:58.150 --> 00:13:58.160 align:start position:0% motion of 3d objects in time over time 00:13:58.160 --> 00:13:59.590 align:start position:0% motion of 3d objects in time over time that's<00:13:58.399> what<00:13:58.560> we<00:13:58.720> called<00:13:59.040> our<00:13:59.199> approach 00:13:59.590 --> 00:13:59.600 align:start position:0% that's what we called our approach 00:13:59.600 --> 00:14:01.829 align:start position:0% that's what we called our approach before<00:14:00.000> the<00:14:00.240> approach<00:14:01.120> and<00:14:01.279> i<00:14:01.360> can<00:14:01.440> show<00:14:01.600> you 00:14:01.829 --> 00:14:01.839 align:start position:0% before the approach and i can show you 00:14:01.839 --> 00:14:02.629 align:start position:0% before the approach and i can show you afterwards 00:14:02.629 --> 00:14:02.639 align:start position:0% afterwards 00:14:02.639 --> 00:14:06.790 align:start position:0% afterwards the<00:14:02.800> basic<00:14:03.199> idea<00:14:04.079> of<00:14:05.600> a<00:14:05.760> view<00:14:06.000> graph<00:14:06.399> which<00:14:06.639> is 00:14:06.790 --> 00:14:06.800 align:start position:0% the basic idea of a view graph which is 00:14:06.800 --> 00:14:08.230 align:start position:0% the basic idea of a view graph which is systematically<00:14:07.519> built<00:14:07.760> up<00:14:07.920> and 00:14:08.230 --> 00:14:08.240 align:start position:0% systematically built up and 00:14:08.240 --> 00:14:11.430 align:start position:0% systematically built up and you<00:14:08.399> can<00:14:08.560> see<00:14:09.360> and<00:14:09.519> this<00:14:10.320> allowed<00:14:10.720> us<00:14:11.120> to 00:14:11.430 --> 00:14:11.440 align:start position:0% you can see and this allowed us to 00:14:11.440 --> 00:14:11.910 align:start position:0% you can see and this allowed us to achieve 00:14:11.910 --> 00:14:11.920 align:start position:0% achieve 00:14:11.920 --> 00:14:14.870 align:start position:0% achieve maybe<00:14:12.959> 10<00:14:13.279> times<00:14:14.000> the<00:14:14.160> performance<00:14:14.720> of 00:14:14.870 --> 00:14:14.880 align:start position:0% maybe 10 times the performance of 00:14:14.880 --> 00:14:16.710 align:start position:0% maybe 10 times the performance of autonomous<00:14:15.360> vehicles<00:14:15.920> with 00:14:16.710 --> 00:14:16.720 align:start position:0% autonomous vehicles with 00:14:16.720 --> 00:14:20.550 align:start position:0% autonomous vehicles with 0.1<00:14:17.360> or<00:14:17.680> 0.01<00:14:19.040> computing<00:14:19.519> power<00:14:19.920> on<00:14:20.160> both<00:14:20.399> the 00:14:20.550 --> 00:14:20.560 align:start position:0% 0.1 or 0.01 computing power on both the 00:14:20.560 --> 00:14:21.509 align:start position:0% 0.1 or 0.01 computing power on both the vehicle 00:14:21.509 --> 00:14:21.519 align:start position:0% vehicle 00:14:21.519 --> 00:14:24.790 align:start position:0% vehicle so<00:14:22.959> the<00:14:23.920> community<00:14:24.399> was 00:14:24.790 --> 00:14:24.800 align:start position:0% so the community was 00:14:24.800 --> 00:14:27.829 align:start position:0% so the community was quite<00:14:25.040> surprised<00:14:26.160> when<00:14:26.399> we<00:14:26.560> demonstrated<00:14:27.600> our 00:14:27.829 --> 00:14:27.839 align:start position:0% quite surprised when we demonstrated our 00:14:27.839 --> 00:14:29.829 align:start position:0% quite surprised when we demonstrated our first<00:14:28.240> running<00:14:28.480> on<00:14:28.639> the<00:14:28.720> autobahn 00:14:29.829 --> 00:14:29.839 align:start position:0% first running on the autobahn 00:14:29.839 --> 00:14:33.030 align:start position:0% first running on the autobahn in<00:14:30.279> 1987<00:14:31.519> at<00:14:31.760> speeds<00:14:32.160> and<00:14:32.240> the<00:14:32.320> maximum<00:14:32.720> speed 00:14:33.030 --> 00:14:33.040 align:start position:0% in 1987 at speeds and the maximum speed 00:14:33.040 --> 00:14:35.269 align:start position:0% in 1987 at speeds and the maximum speed of<00:14:33.519> our<00:14:33.760> vehicle<00:14:34.160> of<00:14:34.320> armors 00:14:35.269 --> 00:14:35.279 align:start position:0% of our vehicle of armors 00:14:35.279 --> 00:14:38.949 align:start position:0% of our vehicle of armors at<00:14:35.440> 96<00:14:36.000> kilometers<00:14:36.560> power<00:14:37.519> when<00:14:38.240> in<00:14:38.399> the<00:14:38.560> darpa 00:14:38.949 --> 00:14:38.959 align:start position:0% at 96 kilometers power when in the darpa 00:14:38.959 --> 00:14:39.829 align:start position:0% at 96 kilometers power when in the darpa project 00:14:39.829 --> 00:14:39.839 align:start position:0% project 00:14:39.839 --> 00:14:42.470 align:start position:0% project the<00:14:40.000> alv<00:14:40.639> and<00:14:40.720> the<00:14:40.880> nav<00:14:41.120> lab<00:14:41.839> they<00:14:42.079> crawled 00:14:42.470 --> 00:14:42.480 align:start position:0% the alv and the nav lab they crawled 00:14:42.480 --> 00:14:43.670 align:start position:0% the alv and the nav lab they crawled around 00:14:43.670 --> 00:14:43.680 align:start position:0% around 00:14:43.680 --> 00:14:47.269 align:start position:0% around with<00:14:44.000> two<00:14:44.320> three<00:14:44.639> five<00:14:46.240> kilometers<00:14:46.800> per<00:14:46.959> hour 00:14:47.269 --> 00:14:47.279 align:start position:0% with two three five kilometers per hour 00:14:47.279 --> 00:14:47.829 align:start position:0% with two three five kilometers per hour and 00:14:47.829 --> 00:14:47.839 align:start position:0% and 00:14:47.839 --> 00:14:50.870 align:start position:0% and they<00:14:48.079> evaluated<00:14:49.760> say<00:14:50.000> for<00:14:50.160> one<00:14:50.399> image 00:14:50.870 --> 00:14:50.880 align:start position:0% they evaluated say for one image 00:14:50.880 --> 00:14:55.350 align:start position:0% they evaluated say for one image between<00:14:51.279> one<00:14:51.519> to<00:14:51.680> ten<00:14:51.920> seconds<00:14:53.440> and 00:14:55.350 --> 00:14:55.360 align:start position:0% between one to ten seconds and 00:14:55.360 --> 00:14:58.710 align:start position:0% between one to ten seconds and this<00:14:55.600> was<00:14:55.760> only<00:14:56.000> possible<00:14:56.839> by<00:14:58.240> developing 00:14:58.710 --> 00:14:58.720 align:start position:0% this was only possible by developing 00:14:58.720 --> 00:15:00.230 align:start position:0% this was only possible by developing these<00:14:58.880> methods<00:14:59.360> which<00:14:59.519> we<00:14:59.680> called<00:14:59.920> for<00:15:00.079> the 00:15:00.230 --> 00:15:00.240 align:start position:0% these methods which we called for the 00:15:00.240 --> 00:15:01.269 align:start position:0% these methods which we called for the approach 00:15:01.269 --> 00:15:01.279 align:start position:0% approach 00:15:01.279 --> 00:15:03.350 align:start position:0% approach and<00:15:01.839> if<00:15:01.920> you<00:15:02.079> like<00:15:02.240> we<00:15:02.399> can<00:15:02.639> you<00:15:02.800> can<00:15:02.959> look<00:15:03.120> into 00:15:03.350 --> 00:15:03.360 align:start position:0% and if you like we can you can look into 00:15:03.360 --> 00:15:04.310 align:start position:0% and if you like we can you can look into this<00:15:03.839> yeah 00:15:04.310 --> 00:15:04.320 align:start position:0% this yeah 00:15:04.320 --> 00:15:06.629 align:start position:0% this yeah so<00:15:04.560> let's<00:15:04.959> let's<00:15:05.199> um<00:15:05.600> talk<00:15:05.839> a<00:15:05.839> little<00:15:06.000> bit<00:15:06.240> more 00:15:06.629 --> 00:15:06.639 align:start position:0% so let's let's um talk a little bit more 00:15:06.639 --> 00:15:07.430 align:start position:0% so let's let's um talk a little bit more more<00:15:06.880> about<00:15:07.120> that 00:15:07.430 --> 00:15:07.440 align:start position:0% more about that 00:15:07.440 --> 00:15:10.710 align:start position:0% more about that so<00:15:08.160> how<00:15:08.320> would<00:15:08.480> that<00:15:08.639> relate<00:15:09.040> to<00:15:09.760> say<00:15:10.079> um 00:15:10.710 --> 00:15:10.720 align:start position:0% so how would that relate to say um 00:15:10.720 --> 00:15:13.990 align:start position:0% so how would that relate to say um james<00:15:11.120> gibson's<00:15:12.079> theories<00:15:12.480> of<00:15:12.560> perception<00:15:13.360> or 00:15:13.990 --> 00:15:14.000 align:start position:0% james gibson's theories of perception or 00:15:14.000 --> 00:15:18.150 align:start position:0% james gibson's theories of perception or david<00:15:14.399> mars<00:15:15.519> sort<00:15:15.680> of<00:15:16.240> uh<00:15:16.959> he<00:15:17.120> has<00:15:17.279> this<00:15:17.600> 2d 00:15:18.150 --> 00:15:18.160 align:start position:0% david mars sort of uh he has this 2d 00:15:18.160 --> 00:15:21.590 align:start position:0% david mars sort of uh he has this 2d two<00:15:18.320> and<00:15:18.480> a<00:15:18.480> half<00:15:18.720> d<00:15:19.120> 3d<00:15:20.399> so<00:15:20.560> how<00:15:20.720> do<00:15:20.880> you 00:15:21.590 --> 00:15:21.600 align:start position:0% two and a half d 3d so how do you 00:15:21.600 --> 00:15:24.230 align:start position:0% two and a half d 3d so how do you construct<00:15:22.480> reconstruct<00:15:23.360> three<00:15:23.600> dimensions 00:15:24.230 --> 00:15:24.240 align:start position:0% construct reconstruct three dimensions 00:15:24.240 --> 00:15:26.150 align:start position:0% construct reconstruct three dimensions out<00:15:24.399> of<00:15:24.639> two<00:15:24.800> dimensions<00:15:25.440> is<00:15:25.600> what<00:15:25.760> you<00:15:26.000> sort 00:15:26.150 --> 00:15:26.160 align:start position:0% out of two dimensions is what you sort 00:15:26.160 --> 00:15:26.710 align:start position:0% out of two dimensions is what you sort of 00:15:26.710 --> 00:15:26.720 align:start position:0% of 00:15:26.720 --> 00:15:28.790 align:start position:0% of think<00:15:26.880> so<00:15:27.279> the<00:15:27.440> vision<00:15:27.680> problem<00:15:27.920> do<00:15:28.000> you<00:15:28.240> buy 00:15:28.790 --> 00:15:28.800 align:start position:0% think so the vision problem do you buy 00:15:28.800 --> 00:15:30.710 align:start position:0% think so the vision problem do you buy do<00:15:28.880> you<00:15:29.199> endorse<00:15:29.600> that<00:15:29.759> perspective 00:15:30.710 --> 00:15:30.720 align:start position:0% do you endorse that perspective 00:15:30.720 --> 00:15:33.829 align:start position:0% do you endorse that perspective no<00:15:31.120> it's<00:15:31.680> not<00:15:32.399> we<00:15:33.360> we 00:15:33.829 --> 00:15:33.839 align:start position:0% no it's not we we 00:15:33.839 --> 00:15:37.030 align:start position:0% no it's not we we reject<00:15:34.399> it<00:15:35.199> because<00:15:35.839> we<00:15:36.079> feel<00:15:36.399> that 00:15:37.030 --> 00:15:37.040 align:start position:0% reject it because we feel that 00:15:37.040 --> 00:15:40.069 align:start position:0% reject it because we feel that you<00:15:37.360> have<00:15:37.600> to<00:15:37.759> have<00:15:38.079> available<00:15:39.519> all<00:15:39.839> four 00:15:40.069 --> 00:15:40.079 align:start position:0% you have to have available all four 00:15:40.079 --> 00:15:40.949 align:start position:0% you have to have available all four dimensions 00:15:40.949 --> 00:15:40.959 align:start position:0% dimensions 00:15:40.959 --> 00:15:44.069 align:start position:0% dimensions right<00:15:41.199> from<00:15:41.360> the<00:15:41.519> beginning<00:15:42.399> and<00:15:42.560> your<00:15:42.800> models 00:15:44.069 --> 00:15:44.079 align:start position:0% right from the beginning and your models 00:15:44.079 --> 00:15:47.110 align:start position:0% right from the beginning and your models should<00:15:44.399> have<00:15:45.199> the<00:15:45.440> time<00:15:45.680> component<00:15:46.639> and<00:15:46.959> the 00:15:47.110 --> 00:15:47.120 align:start position:0% should have the time component and the 00:15:47.120 --> 00:15:48.949 align:start position:0% should have the time component and the 3d<00:15:47.519> space<00:15:47.839> components 00:15:48.949 --> 00:15:48.959 align:start position:0% 3d space components 00:15:48.959 --> 00:15:51.189 align:start position:0% 3d space components and<00:15:49.120> then<00:15:49.279> we<00:15:49.440> talk<00:15:49.680> about<00:15:50.000> motion<00:15:50.560> of<00:15:50.720> 3d 00:15:51.189 --> 00:15:51.199 align:start position:0% and then we talk about motion of 3d 00:15:51.199 --> 00:15:53.590 align:start position:0% and then we talk about motion of 3d objects<00:15:51.839> with<00:15:52.160> features 00:15:53.590 --> 00:15:53.600 align:start position:0% objects with features 00:15:53.600 --> 00:15:56.150 align:start position:0% objects with features over<00:15:54.000> time<00:15:54.480> in<00:15:54.639> 3d<00:15:55.040> space<00:15:55.600> and<00:15:55.759> we<00:15:55.839> are<00:15:55.920> looking 00:15:56.150 --> 00:15:56.160 align:start position:0% over time in 3d space and we are looking 00:15:56.160 --> 00:15:57.189 align:start position:0% over time in 3d space and we are looking for<00:15:56.399> features 00:15:57.189 --> 00:15:57.199 align:start position:0% for features 00:15:57.199 --> 00:15:59.509 align:start position:0% for features essentially<00:15:58.160> we<00:15:58.320> were<00:15:58.480> looking<00:15:58.720> at<00:15:58.880> corners 00:15:59.509 --> 00:15:59.519 align:start position:0% essentially we were looking at corners 00:15:59.519 --> 00:16:00.629 align:start position:0% essentially we were looking at corners and<00:15:59.680> edges 00:16:00.629 --> 00:16:00.639 align:start position:0% and edges 00:16:00.639 --> 00:16:03.509 align:start position:0% and edges that<00:16:00.800> we<00:16:00.959> could<00:16:01.199> extract<00:16:01.839> relatively<00:16:02.399> simply 00:16:03.509 --> 00:16:03.519 align:start position:0% that we could extract relatively simply 00:16:03.519 --> 00:16:05.030 align:start position:0% that we could extract relatively simply and 00:16:05.030 --> 00:16:05.040 align:start position:0% and 00:16:05.040 --> 00:16:07.430 align:start position:0% and from<00:16:05.279> these<00:16:05.519> we<00:16:05.680> have<00:16:05.759> to<00:16:05.920> reconstruct<00:16:07.199> the 00:16:07.430 --> 00:16:07.440 align:start position:0% from these we have to reconstruct the 00:16:07.440 --> 00:16:09.430 align:start position:0% from these we have to reconstruct the objects 00:16:09.430 --> 00:16:09.440 align:start position:0% objects 00:16:09.440 --> 00:16:13.430 align:start position:0% objects in<00:16:09.600> addition<00:16:10.399> to<00:16:11.199> the<00:16:11.440> edges<00:16:11.920> it<00:16:12.079> is<00:16:12.240> important 00:16:13.430 --> 00:16:13.440 align:start position:0% in addition to the edges it is important 00:16:13.440 --> 00:16:15.189 align:start position:0% in addition to the edges it is important in<00:16:13.600> order<00:16:13.839> to<00:16:14.000> make<00:16:14.240> distinctions<00:16:14.800> between 00:16:15.189 --> 00:16:15.199 align:start position:0% in order to make distinctions between 00:16:15.199 --> 00:16:16.949 align:start position:0% in order to make distinctions between objects<00:16:15.600> to<00:16:15.759> have<00:16:16.000> the 00:16:16.949 --> 00:16:16.959 align:start position:0% objects to have the 00:16:16.959 --> 00:16:20.389 align:start position:0% objects to have the um<00:16:18.320> what<00:16:18.480> is<00:16:18.639> it<00:16:19.360> the<00:16:19.519> gray<00:16:19.839> value 00:16:20.389 --> 00:16:20.399 align:start position:0% um what is it the gray value 00:16:20.399 --> 00:16:22.629 align:start position:0% um what is it the gray value at<00:16:20.480> the<00:16:20.639> side<00:16:20.880> of<00:16:20.959> the<00:16:21.040> edges<00:16:21.920> so<00:16:22.079> this<00:16:22.240> we<00:16:22.399> took 00:16:22.629 --> 00:16:22.639 align:start position:0% at the side of the edges so this we took 00:16:22.639 --> 00:16:23.670 align:start position:0% at the side of the edges so this we took in<00:16:22.880> addition 00:16:23.670 --> 00:16:23.680 align:start position:0% in addition 00:16:23.680 --> 00:16:26.389 align:start position:0% in addition and<00:16:23.839> then<00:16:24.000> we<00:16:24.160> were<00:16:24.399> able<00:16:25.199> to<00:16:25.360> look<00:16:25.600> at<00:16:25.920> motion 00:16:26.389 --> 00:16:26.399 align:start position:0% and then we were able to look at motion 00:16:26.399 --> 00:16:27.910 align:start position:0% and then we were able to look at motion from<00:16:26.560> one<00:16:26.800> frame<00:16:27.120> to<00:16:27.199> the<00:16:27.360> next<00:16:27.519> we<00:16:27.680> made 00:16:27.910 --> 00:16:27.920 align:start position:0% from one frame to the next we made 00:16:27.920 --> 00:16:29.189 align:start position:0% from one frame to the next we made predictions 00:16:29.189 --> 00:16:29.199 align:start position:0% predictions 00:16:29.199 --> 00:16:30.710 align:start position:0% predictions and<00:16:29.360> what<00:16:29.519> we<00:16:29.680> did<00:16:29.920> right<00:16:30.079> from<00:16:30.240> the<00:16:30.320> beginning 00:16:30.710 --> 00:16:30.720 align:start position:0% and what we did right from the beginning 00:16:30.720 --> 00:16:32.470 align:start position:0% and what we did right from the beginning was<00:16:30.959> prediction<00:16:31.440> error<00:16:31.759> feedback<00:16:32.240> so 00:16:32.470 --> 00:16:32.480 align:start position:0% was prediction error feedback so 00:16:32.480 --> 00:16:34.069 align:start position:0% was prediction error feedback so according<00:16:32.800> to<00:16:32.959> the<00:16:33.040> model 00:16:34.069 --> 00:16:34.079 align:start position:0% according to the model 00:16:34.079 --> 00:16:38.470 align:start position:0% according to the model we<00:16:35.680> assumed<00:16:36.480> a<00:16:36.720> 3d<00:16:37.120> object 00:16:38.470 --> 00:16:38.480 align:start position:0% we assumed a 3d object 00:16:38.480 --> 00:16:40.949 align:start position:0% we assumed a 3d object with<00:16:38.880> a<00:16:39.120> 3d<00:16:39.519> motion<00:16:40.240> and<00:16:40.399> then<00:16:40.560> we<00:16:40.720> made<00:16:40.880> a 00:16:40.949 --> 00:16:40.959 align:start position:0% with a 3d motion and then we made a 00:16:40.959 --> 00:16:42.790 align:start position:0% with a 3d motion and then we made a prediction<00:16:41.519> how<00:16:41.680> should<00:16:41.920> this<00:16:42.160> develop<00:16:42.560> over 00:16:42.790 --> 00:16:42.800 align:start position:0% prediction how should this develop over 00:16:42.800 --> 00:16:43.910 align:start position:0% prediction how should this develop over time 00:16:43.910 --> 00:16:43.920 align:start position:0% time 00:16:43.920 --> 00:16:46.949 align:start position:0% time but<00:16:44.160> we<00:16:44.320> did<00:16:44.560> not<00:16:44.720> just<00:16:45.279> take<00:16:45.600> the<00:16:45.759> model<00:16:46.639> as 00:16:46.949 --> 00:16:46.959 align:start position:0% but we did not just take the model as 00:16:46.959 --> 00:16:49.509 align:start position:0% but we did not just take the model as the<00:16:47.120> nominal<00:16:47.519> model<00:16:48.240> but<00:16:48.480> we<00:16:48.720> also<00:16:48.959> used<00:16:49.279> a<00:16:49.360> set 00:16:49.509 --> 00:16:49.519 align:start position:0% the nominal model but we also used a set 00:16:49.519 --> 00:16:52.470 align:start position:0% the nominal model but we also used a set of<00:16:49.680> linear<00:16:50.079> models<00:16:50.399> around<00:16:50.720> the<00:16:50.800> nominal<00:16:51.199> one 00:16:52.470 --> 00:16:52.480 align:start position:0% of linear models around the nominal one 00:16:52.480 --> 00:16:55.829 align:start position:0% of linear models around the nominal one and<00:16:52.639> then<00:16:53.600> in<00:16:53.680> the<00:16:53.839> next<00:16:54.480> frame<00:16:55.360> we 00:16:55.829 --> 00:16:55.839 align:start position:0% and then in the next frame we 00:16:55.839 --> 00:16:58.790 align:start position:0% and then in the next frame we compared<00:16:56.320> the<00:16:56.560> prediction<00:16:57.839> with<00:16:58.240> what<00:16:58.480> really 00:16:58.790 --> 00:16:58.800 align:start position:0% compared the prediction with what really 00:16:58.800 --> 00:17:00.230 align:start position:0% compared the prediction with what really happened<00:16:59.120> in<00:16:59.199> the<00:16:59.279> real<00:16:59.519> world 00:17:00.230 --> 00:17:00.240 align:start position:0% happened in the real world 00:17:00.240 --> 00:17:01.749 align:start position:0% happened in the real world and<00:17:00.399> that's<00:17:00.560> why<00:17:00.720> we<00:17:00.880> call<00:17:01.040> it<00:17:01.199> prediction 00:17:01.749 --> 00:17:01.759 align:start position:0% and that's why we call it prediction 00:17:01.759 --> 00:17:04.069 align:start position:0% and that's why we call it prediction error<00:17:02.079> feedback<00:17:03.199> and<00:17:03.360> this<00:17:03.600> was 00:17:04.069 --> 00:17:04.079 align:start position:0% error feedback and this was 00:17:04.079 --> 00:17:07.669 align:start position:0% error feedback and this was a<00:17:04.240> breakthrough<00:17:05.120> in<00:17:05.360> real-time<00:17:06.319> processing 00:17:07.669 --> 00:17:07.679 align:start position:0% a breakthrough in real-time processing 00:17:07.679 --> 00:17:10.630 align:start position:0% a breakthrough in real-time processing so<00:17:08.880> most<00:17:09.199> of<00:17:09.360> the<00:17:09.760> computer<00:17:10.160> science<00:17:10.400> people 00:17:10.630 --> 00:17:10.640 align:start position:0% so most of the computer science people 00:17:10.640 --> 00:17:12.789 align:start position:0% so most of the computer science people didn't<00:17:10.799> believe<00:17:11.120> the<00:17:11.280> results<00:17:11.679> when<00:17:11.839> we 00:17:12.789 --> 00:17:12.799 align:start position:0% didn't believe the results when we 00:17:12.799 --> 00:17:15.750 align:start position:0% didn't believe the results when we first<00:17:13.120> showed<00:17:13.360> them<00:17:14.559> and<00:17:14.799> of<00:17:14.959> course<00:17:15.360> it<00:17:15.520> was 00:17:15.750 --> 00:17:15.760 align:start position:0% first showed them and of course it was 00:17:15.760 --> 00:17:17.350 align:start position:0% first showed them and of course it was very<00:17:15.919> simple<00:17:16.240> it<00:17:16.319> was<00:17:16.480> a<00:17:16.559> wet<00:17:16.799> alliance 00:17:17.350 --> 00:17:17.360 align:start position:0% very simple it was a wet alliance 00:17:17.360 --> 00:17:20.470 align:start position:0% very simple it was a wet alliance and<00:17:18.959> dark<00:17:19.199> too<00:17:19.360> bright<00:17:19.679> transitions<00:17:20.240> at<00:17:20.400> the 00:17:20.470 --> 00:17:20.480 align:start position:0% and dark too bright transitions at the 00:17:20.480 --> 00:17:21.429 align:start position:0% and dark too bright transitions at the side<00:17:20.720> of<00:17:20.799> the<00:17:20.959> road 00:17:21.429 --> 00:17:21.439 align:start position:0% side of the road 00:17:21.439 --> 00:17:23.189 align:start position:0% side of the road we<00:17:21.600> didn't<00:17:21.839> have<00:17:21.919> to<00:17:22.079> have<00:17:22.319> white<00:17:22.959> white 00:17:23.189 --> 00:17:23.199 align:start position:0% we didn't have to have white white 00:17:23.199 --> 00:17:25.110 align:start position:0% we didn't have to have white white markings<00:17:23.839> lane<00:17:24.079> markings<00:17:24.480> on<00:17:24.559> the<00:17:24.640> road 00:17:25.110 --> 00:17:25.120 align:start position:0% markings lane markings on the road 00:17:25.120 --> 00:17:26.470 align:start position:0% markings lane markings on the road but<00:17:25.360> we<00:17:25.439> could<00:17:25.600> do<00:17:25.839> it<00:17:25.919> with<00:17:26.079> a<00:17:26.160> normal 00:17:26.470 --> 00:17:26.480 align:start position:0% but we could do it with a normal 00:17:26.480 --> 00:17:28.789 align:start position:0% but we could do it with a normal transition<00:17:27.039> from 00:17:28.789 --> 00:17:28.799 align:start position:0% transition from 00:17:28.799 --> 00:17:33.669 align:start position:0% transition from macadam<00:17:29.520> to<00:17:30.320> just<00:17:30.559> grass<00:17:30.960> or<00:17:31.200> whatever 00:17:33.669 --> 00:17:33.679 align:start position:0% macadam to just grass or whatever 00:17:33.679 --> 00:17:36.549 align:start position:0% macadam to just grass or whatever and<00:17:34.480> then<00:17:34.640> of<00:17:34.799> course<00:17:35.840> we<00:17:36.000> have<00:17:36.160> to<00:17:36.240> be<00:17:36.400> very 00:17:36.549 --> 00:17:36.559 align:start position:0% and then of course we have to be very 00:17:36.559 --> 00:17:37.350 align:start position:0% and then of course we have to be very careful 00:17:37.350 --> 00:17:37.360 align:start position:0% careful 00:17:37.360 --> 00:17:40.789 align:start position:0% careful uh<00:17:37.760> to<00:17:38.000> check<00:17:38.880> whether<00:17:39.679> the 00:17:40.789 --> 00:17:40.799 align:start position:0% uh to check whether the 00:17:40.799 --> 00:17:42.710 align:start position:0% uh to check whether the initial<00:17:41.120> assumptions<00:17:41.679> about<00:17:42.000> the<00:17:42.240> world<00:17:42.559> and 00:17:42.710 --> 00:17:42.720 align:start position:0% initial assumptions about the world and 00:17:42.720 --> 00:17:46.870 align:start position:0% initial assumptions about the world and the<00:17:42.960> objects<00:17:43.679> was<00:17:43.919> correct<00:17:44.240> or<00:17:44.840> not<00:17:45.760> and 00:17:46.870 --> 00:17:46.880 align:start position:0% the objects was correct or not and 00:17:46.880 --> 00:17:50.150 align:start position:0% the objects was correct or not and it<00:17:47.039> turned<00:17:47.280> out<00:17:47.520> that<00:17:47.760> this<00:17:49.440> seems<00:17:49.679> to<00:17:49.840> be 00:17:50.150 --> 00:17:50.160 align:start position:0% it turned out that this seems to be 00:17:50.160 --> 00:17:52.230 align:start position:0% it turned out that this seems to be very<00:17:50.559> similar<00:17:50.960> to<00:17:51.200> what<00:17:51.440> the<00:17:51.600> biological 00:17:52.230 --> 00:17:52.240 align:start position:0% very similar to what the biological 00:17:52.240 --> 00:17:53.830 align:start position:0% very similar to what the biological systems<00:17:52.640> are<00:17:52.720> doing<00:17:53.039> and<00:17:53.200> i<00:17:53.280> think<00:17:53.440> right<00:17:53.600> now 00:17:53.830 --> 00:17:53.840 align:start position:0% systems are doing and i think right now 00:17:53.840 --> 00:17:56.070 align:start position:0% systems are doing and i think right now the<00:17:54.000> developments<00:17:54.559> you<00:17:54.720> can<00:17:54.880> observe 00:17:56.070 --> 00:17:56.080 align:start position:0% the developments you can observe 00:17:56.080 --> 00:18:00.150 align:start position:0% the developments you can observe in<00:17:56.240> the<00:17:56.400> theory<00:17:56.799> of<00:17:56.880> mind<00:17:58.480> is<00:17:58.840> according 00:18:00.150 --> 00:18:00.160 align:start position:0% in the theory of mind is according 00:18:00.160 --> 00:18:03.110 align:start position:0% in the theory of mind is according exactly<00:18:00.559> to<00:18:00.799> these<00:18:01.039> models<00:18:01.440> because<00:18:02.000> uh<00:18:02.880> what 00:18:03.110 --> 00:18:03.120 align:start position:0% exactly to these models because uh what 00:18:03.120 --> 00:18:03.430 align:start position:0% exactly to these models because uh what the 00:18:03.430 --> 00:18:03.440 align:start position:0% the 00:18:03.440 --> 00:18:06.630 align:start position:0% the spiegelner<00:18:04.240> what<00:18:04.400> is<00:18:04.480> the<00:18:04.880> neurons<00:18:06.240> what<00:18:06.400> they 00:18:06.630 --> 00:18:06.640 align:start position:0% spiegelner what is the neurons what they 00:18:06.640 --> 00:18:07.990 align:start position:0% spiegelner what is the neurons what they do<00:18:06.799> is<00:18:07.039> essentially 00:18:07.990 --> 00:18:08.000 align:start position:0% do is essentially 00:18:08.000 --> 00:18:11.110 align:start position:0% do is essentially store<00:18:08.960> developments<00:18:09.919> of<00:18:10.160> appearances<00:18:10.880> over 00:18:11.110 --> 00:18:11.120 align:start position:0% store developments of appearances over 00:18:11.120 --> 00:18:12.310 align:start position:0% store developments of appearances over time 00:18:12.310 --> 00:18:12.320 align:start position:0% time 00:18:12.320 --> 00:18:15.430 align:start position:0% time and<00:18:12.559> from<00:18:12.840> this<00:18:13.520> uh<00:18:14.080> you<00:18:14.240> can<00:18:14.480> see 00:18:15.430 --> 00:18:15.440 align:start position:0% and from this uh you can see 00:18:15.440 --> 00:18:19.190 align:start position:0% and from this uh you can see directly<00:18:16.480> not<00:18:16.720> just<00:18:17.120> a<00:18:17.520> snapshot<00:18:18.400> but 00:18:19.190 --> 00:18:19.200 align:start position:0% directly not just a snapshot but 00:18:19.200 --> 00:18:21.190 align:start position:0% directly not just a snapshot but if<00:18:19.360> you<00:18:19.440> see<00:18:19.679> a<00:18:19.760> snapshot<00:18:20.559> for<00:18:20.720> you<00:18:21.039> in 00:18:21.190 --> 00:18:21.200 align:start position:0% if you see a snapshot for you in 00:18:21.200 --> 00:18:23.110 align:start position:0% if you see a snapshot for you in perception<00:18:22.160> it's 00:18:23.110 --> 00:18:23.120 align:start position:0% perception it's 00:18:23.120 --> 00:18:25.190 align:start position:0% perception it's a<00:18:23.360> snapshot<00:18:23.840> of<00:18:23.919> emotion<00:18:24.480> so<00:18:24.640> you<00:18:24.799> perceive 00:18:25.190 --> 00:18:25.200 align:start position:0% a snapshot of emotion so you perceive 00:18:25.200 --> 00:18:26.549 align:start position:0% a snapshot of emotion so you perceive the<00:18:25.360> motion 00:18:26.549 --> 00:18:26.559 align:start position:0% the motion 00:18:26.559 --> 00:18:29.190 align:start position:0% the motion and<00:18:26.720> that's<00:18:27.039> that's<00:18:27.280> a<00:18:27.600> big<00:18:27.840> difference<00:18:28.880> to 00:18:29.190 --> 00:18:29.200 align:start position:0% and that's that's a big difference to 00:18:29.200 --> 00:18:30.470 align:start position:0% and that's that's a big difference to reconstructing 00:18:30.470 --> 00:18:30.480 align:start position:0% reconstructing 00:18:30.480 --> 00:18:33.110 align:start position:0% reconstructing 2d<00:18:30.880> two<00:18:31.120> and<00:18:31.200> a<00:18:31.280> half<00:18:31.520> d<00:18:31.760> 3d<00:18:32.480> i<00:18:32.640> don't<00:18:32.799> believe 00:18:33.110 --> 00:18:33.120 align:start position:0% 2d two and a half d 3d i don't believe 00:18:33.120 --> 00:18:34.150 align:start position:0% 2d two and a half d 3d i don't believe in<00:18:33.200> that 00:18:34.150 --> 00:18:34.160 align:start position:0% in that 00:18:34.160 --> 00:18:37.510 align:start position:0% in that 2d<00:18:34.559> plus<00:18:34.799> time<00:18:35.760> we<00:18:35.919> have<00:18:36.080> to<00:18:36.400> to<00:18:36.559> retrieve<00:18:37.120> 3d 00:18:37.510 --> 00:18:37.520 align:start position:0% 2d plus time we have to to retrieve 3d 00:18:37.520 --> 00:18:38.710 align:start position:0% 2d plus time we have to to retrieve 3d plus<00:18:37.840> time 00:18:38.710 --> 00:18:38.720 align:start position:0% plus time 00:18:38.720 --> 00:18:40.230 align:start position:0% plus time and<00:18:38.960> of<00:18:39.039> course<00:18:39.200> you<00:18:39.280> do<00:18:39.440> have<00:18:39.600> the<00:18:39.679> continuity 00:18:40.230 --> 00:18:40.240 align:start position:0% and of course you do have the continuity 00:18:40.240 --> 00:18:41.510 align:start position:0% and of course you do have the continuity conditions<00:18:40.640> over<00:18:40.799> time<00:18:41.039> which<00:18:41.280> is<00:18:41.360> very 00:18:41.510 --> 00:18:41.520 align:start position:0% conditions over time which is very 00:18:41.520 --> 00:18:43.190 align:start position:0% conditions over time which is very essential 00:18:43.190 --> 00:18:43.200 align:start position:0% essential 00:18:43.200 --> 00:18:44.630 align:start position:0% essential and<00:18:43.360> you<00:18:43.520> do<00:18:43.679> have<00:18:43.840> them<00:18:44.080> in<00:18:44.160> the<00:18:44.400> in<00:18:44.480> the 00:18:44.630 --> 00:18:44.640 align:start position:0% and you do have them in the in the 00:18:44.640 --> 00:18:47.669 align:start position:0% and you do have them in the in the interpretation<00:18:45.679> right<00:18:45.919> from<00:18:46.160> the<00:18:46.240> beginning 00:18:47.669 --> 00:18:47.679 align:start position:0% interpretation right from the beginning 00:18:47.679 --> 00:18:50.070 align:start position:0% interpretation right from the beginning are<00:18:47.760> you<00:18:47.919> familiar<00:18:48.320> with<00:18:48.559> james<00:18:48.960> gibson<00:18:49.440> j.j 00:18:50.070 --> 00:18:50.080 align:start position:0% are you familiar with james gibson j.j 00:18:50.080 --> 00:18:51.029 align:start position:0% are you familiar with james gibson j.j gibson's 00:18:51.029 --> 00:18:51.039 align:start position:0% gibson's 00:18:51.039 --> 00:18:54.070 align:start position:0% gibson's um<00:18:52.240> and<00:18:52.400> that's<00:18:52.960> theories<00:18:53.360> of<00:18:53.440> affordances 00:18:54.070 --> 00:18:54.080 align:start position:0% um and that's theories of affordances 00:18:54.080 --> 00:18:55.590 align:start position:0% um and that's theories of affordances because<00:18:54.240> it's<00:18:54.400> a<00:18:54.480> lot<00:18:54.640> about<00:18:54.880> this 00:18:55.590 --> 00:18:55.600 align:start position:0% because it's a lot about this 00:18:55.600 --> 00:18:57.430 align:start position:0% because it's a lot about this that<00:18:55.840> action<00:18:56.320> is<00:18:56.400> what<00:18:56.559> gives<00:18:56.880> you<00:18:57.039> that<00:18:57.200> third 00:18:57.430 --> 00:18:57.440 align:start position:0% that action is what gives you that third 00:18:57.440 --> 00:18:59.350 align:start position:0% that action is what gives you that third dimension<00:18:58.320> as<00:18:58.480> you<00:18:58.559> move<00:18:58.799> through 00:18:59.350 --> 00:18:59.360 align:start position:0% dimension as you move through 00:18:59.360 --> 00:19:01.909 align:start position:0% dimension as you move through space<00:18:59.840> but<00:19:00.000> um<00:19:00.640> but<00:19:00.799> that<00:19:00.960> wasn't<00:19:01.280> influential 00:19:01.909 --> 00:19:01.919 align:start position:0% space but um but that wasn't influential 00:19:01.919 --> 00:19:02.789 align:start position:0% space but um but that wasn't influential on<00:19:02.000> your<00:19:02.160> work<00:19:02.480> no 00:19:02.789 --> 00:19:02.799 align:start position:0% on your work no 00:19:02.799 --> 00:19:05.669 align:start position:0% on your work no no<00:19:03.840> so<00:19:04.000> no<00:19:04.160> we<00:19:04.480> directly<00:19:04.880> came<00:19:05.120> from<00:19:05.280> control 00:19:05.669 --> 00:19:05.679 align:start position:0% no so no we directly came from control 00:19:05.679 --> 00:19:06.390 align:start position:0% no so no we directly came from control engineering 00:19:06.390 --> 00:19:06.400 align:start position:0% engineering 00:19:06.400 --> 00:19:08.789 align:start position:0% engineering so<00:19:06.559> this<00:19:06.799> is<00:19:06.880> the<00:19:07.039> kalman<00:19:07.440> filter<00:19:07.760> approach 00:19:08.789 --> 00:19:08.799 align:start position:0% so this is the kalman filter approach 00:19:08.799 --> 00:19:10.150 align:start position:0% so this is the kalman filter approach and<00:19:08.960> we<00:19:09.120> said 00:19:10.150 --> 00:19:10.160 align:start position:0% and we said 00:19:10.160 --> 00:19:12.230 align:start position:0% and we said what<00:19:10.400> has<00:19:10.559> been<00:19:10.960> done<00:19:11.280> wrong<00:19:11.679> in<00:19:11.760> the<00:19:11.919> computer 00:19:12.230 --> 00:19:12.240 align:start position:0% what has been done wrong in the computer 00:19:12.240 --> 00:19:13.590 align:start position:0% what has been done wrong in the computer science<00:19:12.559> community<00:19:13.120> is 00:19:13.590 --> 00:19:13.600 align:start position:0% science community is 00:19:13.600 --> 00:19:16.230 align:start position:0% science community is to<00:19:13.760> look<00:19:13.919> at<00:19:14.160> images<00:19:14.640> and<00:19:14.799> say<00:19:15.360> the<00:19:15.520> edges<00:19:16.000> move 00:19:16.230 --> 00:19:16.240 align:start position:0% to look at images and say the edges move 00:19:16.240 --> 00:19:16.950 align:start position:0% to look at images and say the edges move linearly 00:19:16.950 --> 00:19:16.960 align:start position:0% linearly 00:19:16.960 --> 00:19:19.270 align:start position:0% linearly or<00:19:17.360> maybe<00:19:17.679> non-linearly<00:19:18.559> so<00:19:18.720> you<00:19:18.880> add<00:19:19.039> some 00:19:19.270 --> 00:19:19.280 align:start position:0% or maybe non-linearly so you add some 00:19:19.280 --> 00:19:21.110 align:start position:0% or maybe non-linearly so you add some noise<00:19:19.600> in<00:19:19.679> the<00:19:19.840> image<00:19:20.240> we<00:19:20.480> say 00:19:21.110 --> 00:19:21.120 align:start position:0% noise in the image we say 00:19:21.120 --> 00:19:23.990 align:start position:0% noise in the image we say no<00:19:21.760> what<00:19:22.000> you<00:19:22.160> see<00:19:22.400> in<00:19:22.480> the<00:19:22.720> image<00:19:23.440> is<00:19:23.760> a 00:19:23.990 --> 00:19:24.000 align:start position:0% no what you see in the image is a 00:19:24.000 --> 00:19:27.350 align:start position:0% no what you see in the image is a prospectively<00:19:24.880> distort 00:19:27.350 --> 00:19:27.360 align:start position:0% prospectively distort 00:19:27.360 --> 00:19:29.990 align:start position:0% prospectively distort mapping<00:19:28.000> of<00:19:28.240> the<00:19:28.400> 3d<00:19:28.799> world<00:19:29.679> and<00:19:29.840> the 00:19:29.990 --> 00:19:30.000 align:start position:0% mapping of the 3d world and the 00:19:30.000 --> 00:19:31.909 align:start position:0% mapping of the 3d world and the interpretation<00:19:30.799> is<00:19:30.960> directly<00:19:31.440> done<00:19:31.679> in<00:19:31.760> the 00:19:31.909 --> 00:19:31.919 align:start position:0% interpretation is directly done in the 00:19:31.919 --> 00:19:32.630 align:start position:0% interpretation is directly done in the 3d<00:19:32.240> world 00:19:32.630 --> 00:19:32.640 align:start position:0% 3d world 00:19:32.640 --> 00:19:35.110 align:start position:0% 3d world not<00:19:32.880> in<00:19:32.960> the<00:19:33.120> image<00:19:33.440> not<00:19:33.679> in<00:19:33.760> the<00:19:33.919> image<00:19:34.160> plane 00:19:35.110 --> 00:19:35.120 align:start position:0% not in the image not in the image plane 00:19:35.120 --> 00:19:37.510 align:start position:0% not in the image not in the image plane it's<00:19:35.360> directly<00:19:35.760> done<00:19:35.919> in<00:19:36.080> the<00:19:36.160> 3d 00:19:37.510 --> 00:19:37.520 align:start position:0% it's directly done in the 3d 00:19:37.520 --> 00:19:39.990 align:start position:0% it's directly done in the 3d so<00:19:37.760> in<00:19:37.840> terms<00:19:38.160> of<00:19:38.480> recognizing<00:19:39.120> say<00:19:39.360> obstacles 00:19:39.990 --> 00:19:40.000 align:start position:0% so in terms of recognizing say obstacles 00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:41.510 align:start position:0% so in terms of recognizing say obstacles that<00:19:40.160> are 00:19:41.510 --> 00:19:41.520 align:start position:0% that are 00:19:41.520 --> 00:19:44.390 align:start position:0% that are off<00:19:41.760> the<00:19:41.919> ground<00:19:42.320> versus<00:19:43.440> just<00:19:43.679> a<00:19:44.000> colored 00:19:44.390 --> 00:19:44.400 align:start position:0% off the ground versus just a colored 00:19:44.400 --> 00:19:45.590 align:start position:0% off the ground versus just a colored patch<00:19:44.799> on<00:19:44.960> the<00:19:45.120> ground 00:19:45.590 --> 00:19:45.600 align:start position:0% patch on the ground 00:19:45.600 --> 00:19:47.270 align:start position:0% patch on the ground so<00:19:45.840> is<00:19:46.160> your<00:19:46.400> method<00:19:46.720> then<00:19:46.880> a<00:19:46.960> lot<00:19:47.120> more 00:19:47.270 --> 00:19:47.280 align:start position:0% so is your method then a lot more 00:19:47.280 --> 00:19:49.590 align:start position:0% so is your method then a lot more efficient<00:19:47.840> than<00:19:48.240> oh<00:19:48.400> yes<00:19:48.720> of<00:19:48.799> course 00:19:49.590 --> 00:19:49.600 align:start position:0% efficient than oh yes of course 00:19:49.600 --> 00:19:51.350 align:start position:0% efficient than oh yes of course and<00:19:49.760> the<00:19:49.919> good<00:19:50.080> example<00:19:50.480> a<00:19:50.559> nice<00:19:50.799> example<00:19:51.280> you 00:19:51.350 --> 00:19:51.360 align:start position:0% and the good example a nice example you 00:19:51.360 --> 00:19:52.630 align:start position:0% and the good example a nice example you can<00:19:52.000> do<00:19:52.240> is 00:19:52.630 --> 00:19:52.640 align:start position:0% can do is 00:19:52.640 --> 00:19:55.190 align:start position:0% can do is if<00:19:52.880> you<00:19:53.280> stand<00:19:53.679> on<00:19:53.760> a<00:19:53.840> road<00:19:54.400> with<00:19:54.640> a<00:19:54.720> camera<00:19:55.120> in 00:19:55.190 --> 00:19:55.200 align:start position:0% if you stand on a road with a camera in 00:19:55.200 --> 00:19:56.549 align:start position:0% if you stand on a road with a camera in the<00:19:55.440> in<00:19:55.520> the<00:19:55.679> vehicle 00:19:56.549 --> 00:19:56.559 align:start position:0% the in the vehicle 00:19:56.559 --> 00:19:59.270 align:start position:0% the in the vehicle and<00:19:56.720> you<00:19:56.880> look<00:19:57.120> at<00:19:57.200> the<00:19:58.000> road<00:19:58.320> in<00:19:58.480> front<00:19:59.039> you<00:19:59.120> do 00:19:59.270 --> 00:19:59.280 align:start position:0% and you look at the road in front you do 00:19:59.280 --> 00:20:00.789 align:start position:0% and you look at the road in front you do have<00:19:59.440> a<00:19:59.520> certain<00:19:59.919> appearance<00:20:00.400> of<00:20:00.559> a 00:20:00.789 --> 00:20:00.799 align:start position:0% have a certain appearance of a 00:20:00.799 --> 00:20:03.909 align:start position:0% have a certain appearance of a like<00:20:01.039> a<00:20:01.120> pencil<00:20:02.880> and 00:20:03.909 --> 00:20:03.919 align:start position:0% like a pencil and 00:20:03.919 --> 00:20:06.870 align:start position:0% like a pencil and if<00:20:04.400> if<00:20:04.559> you<00:20:04.640> take<00:20:04.880> an<00:20:05.039> artist<00:20:05.760> and<00:20:06.240> he<00:20:06.559> puts<00:20:06.799> a 00:20:06.870 --> 00:20:06.880 align:start position:0% if if you take an artist and he puts a 00:20:06.880 --> 00:20:07.350 align:start position:0% if if you take an artist and he puts a large 00:20:07.350 --> 00:20:07.360 align:start position:0% large 00:20:07.360 --> 00:20:10.549 align:start position:0% large sheet<00:20:07.600> of<00:20:07.760> paper<00:20:09.200> on<00:20:09.440> this<00:20:10.080> on<00:20:10.240> one<00:20:10.400> of<00:20:10.480> the 00:20:10.549 --> 00:20:10.559 align:start position:0% sheet of paper on this on one of the 00:20:10.559 --> 00:20:11.430 align:start position:0% sheet of paper on this on one of the locations<00:20:11.039> say 00:20:11.430 --> 00:20:11.440 align:start position:0% locations say 00:20:11.440 --> 00:20:14.070 align:start position:0% locations say three<00:20:11.600> meters<00:20:12.080> in<00:20:12.240> front<00:20:12.480> of<00:20:12.640> the<00:20:13.120> vehicle<00:20:13.919> and 00:20:14.070 --> 00:20:14.080 align:start position:0% three meters in front of the vehicle and 00:20:14.080 --> 00:20:14.789 align:start position:0% three meters in front of the vehicle and you<00:20:14.320> paint 00:20:14.789 --> 00:20:14.799 align:start position:0% you paint 00:20:14.799 --> 00:20:17.029 align:start position:0% you paint the<00:20:14.960> outside<00:20:15.360> world<00:20:15.679> exactly<00:20:16.240> as<00:20:16.400> it<00:20:16.559> is<00:20:16.720> as<00:20:16.880> it 00:20:17.029 --> 00:20:17.039 align:start position:0% the outside world exactly as it is as it 00:20:17.039 --> 00:20:19.750 align:start position:0% the outside world exactly as it is as it appears<00:20:17.360> to<00:20:17.520> you<00:20:17.760> at<00:20:17.919> this<00:20:18.080> position 00:20:19.750 --> 00:20:19.760 align:start position:0% appears to you at this position 00:20:19.760 --> 00:20:21.830 align:start position:0% appears to you at this position then<00:20:20.400> there's<00:20:20.799> no<00:20:21.039> way<00:20:21.280> of<00:20:21.360> making<00:20:21.679> the 00:20:21.830 --> 00:20:21.840 align:start position:0% then there's no way of making the 00:20:21.840 --> 00:20:23.990 align:start position:0% then there's no way of making the distinction<00:20:22.400> between<00:20:22.720> the<00:20:22.880> real<00:20:23.120> world 00:20:23.990 --> 00:20:24.000 align:start position:0% distinction between the real world 00:20:24.000 --> 00:20:27.510 align:start position:0% distinction between the real world and<00:20:25.679> the<00:20:25.840> painting<00:20:26.640> but 00:20:27.510 --> 00:20:27.520 align:start position:0% and the painting but 00:20:27.520 --> 00:20:30.710 align:start position:0% and the painting but if<00:20:27.679> you<00:20:27.919> move<00:20:29.440> your<00:20:29.600> vehicle<00:20:30.000> moves<00:20:30.320> along<00:20:30.559> the 00:20:30.710 --> 00:20:30.720 align:start position:0% if you move your vehicle moves along the 00:20:30.720 --> 00:20:31.909 align:start position:0% if you move your vehicle moves along the road 00:20:31.909 --> 00:20:31.919 align:start position:0% road 00:20:31.919 --> 00:20:35.909 align:start position:0% road and<00:20:32.840> the<00:20:33.919> sidelines<00:20:34.880> on<00:20:35.039> the<00:20:35.200> picture 00:20:35.909 --> 00:20:35.919 align:start position:0% and the sidelines on the picture 00:20:35.919 --> 00:20:38.950 align:start position:0% and the sidelines on the picture they<00:20:36.080> move<00:20:36.320> to<00:20:36.480> the<00:20:36.640> side<00:20:37.760> while 00:20:38.950 --> 00:20:38.960 align:start position:0% they move to the side while 00:20:38.960 --> 00:20:41.669 align:start position:0% they move to the side while looking<00:20:39.280> at<00:20:39.440> the<00:20:39.600> real<00:20:39.919> road<00:20:41.039> they<00:20:41.360> shift 00:20:41.669 --> 00:20:41.679 align:start position:0% looking at the real road they shift 00:20:41.679 --> 00:20:43.190 align:start position:0% looking at the real road they shift along<00:20:41.919> the<00:20:42.080> road 00:20:43.190 --> 00:20:43.200 align:start position:0% along the road 00:20:43.200 --> 00:20:46.390 align:start position:0% along the road so<00:20:43.840> over<00:20:44.240> time<00:20:44.960> you<00:20:45.200> see<00:20:45.360> the<00:20:45.520> discrepancy 00:20:46.390 --> 00:20:46.400 align:start position:0% so over time you see the discrepancy 00:20:46.400 --> 00:20:46.870 align:start position:0% so over time you see the discrepancy between 00:20:46.870 --> 00:20:46.880 align:start position:0% between 00:20:46.880 --> 00:20:49.190 align:start position:0% between aesthetic<00:20:47.360> interpretation<00:20:48.080> which<00:20:48.320> is<00:20:48.480> wrong 00:20:49.190 --> 00:20:49.200 align:start position:0% aesthetic interpretation which is wrong 00:20:49.200 --> 00:20:51.750 align:start position:0% aesthetic interpretation which is wrong and<00:20:49.440> the<00:20:49.600> 3d<00:20:49.919> interpretation<00:20:50.559> versus<00:20:50.880> right 00:20:51.750 --> 00:20:51.760 align:start position:0% and the 3d interpretation versus right 00:20:51.760 --> 00:20:54.070 align:start position:0% and the 3d interpretation versus right which<00:20:52.000> is<00:20:52.080> correct<00:20:53.440> so<00:20:53.600> this<00:20:53.760> is<00:20:53.840> very 00:20:54.070 --> 00:20:54.080 align:start position:0% which is correct so this is very 00:20:54.080 --> 00:20:56.470 align:start position:0% which is correct so this is very essential 00:20:56.470 --> 00:20:56.480 align:start position:0% essential 00:20:56.480 --> 00:20:59.830 align:start position:0% essential were<00:20:56.640> there<00:20:56.880> other<00:20:57.039> sorts<00:20:57.440> of<00:20:58.320> visual<00:20:59.360> tasks 00:20:59.830 --> 00:20:59.840 align:start position:0% were there other sorts of visual tasks 00:20:59.840 --> 00:21:01.669 align:start position:0% were there other sorts of visual tasks that<00:21:00.000> were<00:21:00.159> difficult<00:21:00.640> for<00:21:00.799> this<00:21:00.960> methodology 00:21:01.669 --> 00:21:01.679 align:start position:0% that were difficult for this methodology 00:21:01.679 --> 00:21:03.110 align:start position:0% that were difficult for this methodology that<00:21:01.840> you<00:21:02.000> encountered 00:21:03.110 --> 00:21:03.120 align:start position:0% that you encountered 00:21:03.120 --> 00:21:04.549 align:start position:0% that you encountered that<00:21:03.280> were<00:21:03.600> well<00:21:03.840> of<00:21:03.919> course<00:21:04.159> obstacle 00:21:04.549 --> 00:21:04.559 align:start position:0% that were well of course obstacle 00:21:04.559 --> 00:21:06.149 align:start position:0% that were well of course obstacle detection<00:21:05.280> uh<00:21:05.840> is 00:21:06.149 --> 00:21:06.159 align:start position:0% detection uh is 00:21:06.159 --> 00:21:08.390 align:start position:0% detection uh is uh<00:21:06.799> one<00:21:06.960> of<00:21:07.039> the<00:21:07.280> difficult<00:21:07.679> ones<00:21:08.080> and<00:21:08.240> the 00:21:08.390 --> 00:21:08.400 align:start position:0% uh one of the difficult ones and the 00:21:08.400 --> 00:21:10.070 align:start position:0% uh one of the difficult ones and the most<00:21:08.640> difficult<00:21:09.039> one<00:21:09.280> we<00:21:09.440> met 00:21:10.070 --> 00:21:10.080 align:start position:0% most difficult one we met 00:21:10.080 --> 00:21:12.789 align:start position:0% most difficult one we met later<00:21:10.480> on<00:21:10.960> maybe<00:21:11.280> 10<00:21:11.440> years<00:21:11.679> later<00:21:12.480> these<00:21:12.640> were 00:21:12.789 --> 00:21:12.799 align:start position:0% later on maybe 10 years later these were 00:21:12.799 --> 00:21:14.149 align:start position:0% later on maybe 10 years later these were negative<00:21:13.200> obstacles 00:21:14.149 --> 00:21:14.159 align:start position:0% negative obstacles 00:21:14.159 --> 00:21:16.390 align:start position:0% negative obstacles which<00:21:14.480> has<00:21:14.640> been<00:21:15.280> part<00:21:15.520> of<00:21:15.679> research<00:21:16.240> in<00:21:16.320> the 00:21:16.390 --> 00:21:16.400 align:start position:0% which has been part of research in the 00:21:16.400 --> 00:21:18.630 align:start position:0% which has been part of research in the us<00:21:16.960> in<00:21:17.039> the<00:21:17.200> military<00:21:17.600> field 00:21:18.630 --> 00:21:18.640 align:start position:0% us in the military field 00:21:18.640 --> 00:21:20.789 align:start position:0% us in the military field uh<00:21:18.880> not<00:21:19.039> so<00:21:19.200> much<00:21:19.440> in<00:21:19.600> the<00:21:19.840> in<00:21:19.919> the<00:21:20.080> university 00:21:20.789 --> 00:21:20.799 align:start position:0% uh not so much in the in the university 00:21:20.799 --> 00:21:23.510 align:start position:0% uh not so much in the in the university uh<00:21:21.360> also<00:21:21.600> not<00:21:21.840> in<00:21:21.919> the<00:21:22.080> darpa<00:21:22.559> activities<00:21:23.200> of 00:21:23.510 --> 00:21:23.520 align:start position:0% uh also not in the darpa activities of 00:21:23.520 --> 00:21:25.669 align:start position:0% uh also not in the darpa activities of of<00:21:23.919> uh<00:21:24.640> urban<00:21:24.960> challenge<00:21:25.280> and<00:21:25.360> grand 00:21:25.669 --> 00:21:25.679 align:start position:0% of uh urban challenge and grand 00:21:25.679 --> 00:21:26.630 align:start position:0% of uh urban challenge and grand challenge<00:21:26.320> but 00:21:26.630 --> 00:21:26.640 align:start position:0% challenge but 00:21:26.640 --> 00:21:30.630 align:start position:0% challenge but the<00:21:28.159> u.s<00:21:28.480> army<00:21:28.720> research<00:21:29.120> lab<00:21:29.440> they<00:21:29.600> had 00:21:30.630 --> 00:21:30.640 align:start position:0% the u.s army research lab they had 00:21:30.640 --> 00:21:32.310 align:start position:0% the u.s army research lab they had projects<00:21:31.120> going<00:21:31.360> on<00:21:31.679> and<00:21:31.919> we've<00:21:32.159> been 00:21:32.310 --> 00:21:32.320 align:start position:0% projects going on and we've been 00:21:32.320 --> 00:21:36.549 align:start position:0% projects going on and we've been cooperating<00:21:32.880> with<00:21:33.039> them<00:21:33.280> since<00:21:34.440> 1987-88 00:21:36.549 --> 00:21:36.559 align:start position:0% cooperating with them since 1987-88 00:21:36.559 --> 00:21:39.669 align:start position:0% cooperating with them since 1987-88 so<00:21:38.240> there<00:21:38.400> you<00:21:38.559> do<00:21:38.720> have<00:21:38.799> the<00:21:38.880> big<00:21:39.120> difficulty 00:21:39.669 --> 00:21:39.679 align:start position:0% so there you do have the big difficulty 00:21:39.679 --> 00:21:40.390 align:start position:0% so there you do have the big difficulty that 00:21:40.390 --> 00:21:40.400 align:start position:0% that 00:21:40.400 --> 00:21:44.789 align:start position:0% that in<00:21:40.559> order<00:21:40.880> to<00:21:42.559> understand<00:21:43.200> depth 00:21:44.789 --> 00:21:44.799 align:start position:0% in order to understand depth 00:21:44.799 --> 00:21:46.390 align:start position:0% in order to understand depth of<00:21:44.960> course<00:21:45.120> you<00:21:45.280> have<00:21:45.360> to<00:21:45.520> have<00:21:45.600> stereo<00:21:46.000> vision 00:21:46.390 --> 00:21:46.400 align:start position:0% of course you have to have stereo vision 00:21:46.400 --> 00:21:49.029 align:start position:0% of course you have to have stereo vision or<00:21:46.720> some<00:21:47.200> laser<00:21:47.520> rangefinders 00:21:49.029 --> 00:21:49.039 align:start position:0% or some laser rangefinders 00:21:49.039 --> 00:21:51.669 align:start position:0% or some laser rangefinders but<00:21:49.360> if<00:21:49.520> you<00:21:49.840> drive<00:21:50.159> at<00:21:50.240> higher<00:21:50.559> speeds<00:21:51.440> then 00:21:51.669 --> 00:21:51.679 align:start position:0% but if you drive at higher speeds then 00:21:51.679 --> 00:21:52.310 align:start position:0% but if you drive at higher speeds then you<00:21:51.840> don't 00:21:52.310 --> 00:21:52.320 align:start position:0% you don't 00:21:52.320 --> 00:21:56.390 align:start position:0% you don't detect<00:21:53.520> the<00:21:54.799> obstacle 00:21:56.390 --> 00:21:56.400 align:start position:0% detect the obstacle 00:21:56.400 --> 00:21:59.510 align:start position:0% detect the obstacle early<00:21:56.720> enough<00:21:57.600> to<00:21:58.080> do<00:21:58.320> a<00:21:58.400> close<00:21:58.640> reaction 00:21:59.510 --> 00:21:59.520 align:start position:0% early enough to do a close reaction 00:21:59.520 --> 00:22:03.350 align:start position:0% early enough to do a close reaction so<00:21:59.679> we<00:22:00.000> did<00:22:00.159> an<00:22:00.320> interpretation<00:22:01.120> with<00:22:01.520> um 00:22:03.350 --> 00:22:03.360 align:start position:0% so we did an interpretation with um 00:22:03.360 --> 00:22:05.669 align:start position:0% so we did an interpretation with um stereo<00:22:03.760> interpretation<00:22:05.120> and<00:22:05.360> laser 00:22:05.669 --> 00:22:05.679 align:start position:0% stereo interpretation and laser 00:22:05.679 --> 00:22:06.710 align:start position:0% stereo interpretation and laser rangefinders 00:22:06.710 --> 00:22:06.720 align:start position:0% rangefinders 00:22:06.720 --> 00:22:10.230 align:start position:0% rangefinders and<00:22:07.039> with<00:22:08.880> image<00:22:09.200> interpretation<00:22:09.919> and<00:22:10.080> we 00:22:10.230 --> 00:22:10.240 align:start position:0% and with image interpretation and we 00:22:10.240 --> 00:22:11.510 align:start position:0% and with image interpretation and we came<00:22:10.400> to<00:22:10.559> the<00:22:10.640> conclusion 00:22:11.510 --> 00:22:11.520 align:start position:0% came to the conclusion 00:22:11.520 --> 00:22:13.430 align:start position:0% came to the conclusion that<00:22:11.679> you<00:22:11.840> should<00:22:12.000> have<00:22:12.080> a<00:22:12.159> combined<00:22:12.640> system 00:22:13.430 --> 00:22:13.440 align:start position:0% that you should have a combined system 00:22:13.440 --> 00:22:15.590 align:start position:0% that you should have a combined system both<00:22:13.760> laser<00:22:14.080> rangefinder 00:22:15.590 --> 00:22:15.600 align:start position:0% both laser rangefinder 00:22:15.600 --> 00:22:18.470 align:start position:0% both laser rangefinder and<00:22:15.760> stereo<00:22:16.080> interpretation<00:22:16.960> and<00:22:17.440> the<00:22:18.000> the 00:22:18.470 --> 00:22:18.480 align:start position:0% and stereo interpretation and the the 00:22:18.480 --> 00:22:20.070 align:start position:0% and stereo interpretation and the the visual<00:22:18.799> interpretation<00:22:19.440> because<00:22:19.760> if<00:22:19.919> there 00:22:20.070 --> 00:22:20.080 align:start position:0% visual interpretation because if there 00:22:20.080 --> 00:22:20.710 align:start position:0% visual interpretation because if there is<00:22:20.159> a 00:22:20.710 --> 00:22:20.720 align:start position:0% is a 00:22:20.720 --> 00:22:22.549 align:start position:0% is a hole<00:22:20.960> in<00:22:21.039> the<00:22:21.200> ground<00:22:21.760> you<00:22:21.919> do<00:22:22.080> have<00:22:22.320> some 00:22:22.549 --> 00:22:22.559 align:start position:0% hole in the ground you do have some 00:22:22.559 --> 00:22:24.310 align:start position:0% hole in the ground you do have some certain<00:22:23.360> properties<00:22:23.919> of<00:22:24.000> this 00:22:24.310 --> 00:22:24.320 align:start position:0% certain properties of this 00:22:24.320 --> 00:22:27.110 align:start position:0% certain properties of this of<00:22:24.480> the<00:22:24.559> horizontal<00:22:25.120> surface<00:22:26.080> and<00:22:26.240> you<00:22:26.480> have<00:22:26.640> a 00:22:27.110 --> 00:22:27.120 align:start position:0% of the horizontal surface and you have a 00:22:27.120 --> 00:22:29.110 align:start position:0% of the horizontal surface and you have a usually<00:22:27.600> a<00:22:27.760> completely<00:22:28.240> different 00:22:29.110 --> 00:22:29.120 align:start position:0% usually a completely different 00:22:29.120 --> 00:22:31.110 align:start position:0% usually a completely different visual<00:22:29.520> property<00:22:30.000> of<00:22:30.159> the<00:22:30.320> vertical<00:22:30.799> part<00:22:30.960> of 00:22:31.110 --> 00:22:31.120 align:start position:0% visual property of the vertical part of 00:22:31.120 --> 00:22:32.149 align:start position:0% visual property of the vertical part of the<00:22:31.200> hole 00:22:32.149 --> 00:22:32.159 align:start position:0% the hole 00:22:32.159 --> 00:22:34.950 align:start position:0% the hole so<00:22:32.400> what<00:22:32.559> we<00:22:32.720> can<00:22:32.880> do<00:22:33.039> is<00:22:33.280> by<00:22:34.000> normal<00:22:34.400> vision 00:22:34.950 --> 00:22:34.960 align:start position:0% so what we can do is by normal vision 00:22:34.960 --> 00:22:35.990 align:start position:0% so what we can do is by normal vision detect 00:22:35.990 --> 00:22:36.000 align:start position:0% detect 00:22:36.000 --> 00:22:39.110 align:start position:0% detect the<00:22:36.799> um<00:22:37.760> small<00:22:38.159> vertical<00:22:38.640> part<00:22:38.799> if<00:22:38.960> you<00:22:39.039> look 00:22:39.110 --> 00:22:39.120 align:start position:0% the um small vertical part if you look 00:22:39.120 --> 00:22:40.470 align:start position:0% the um small vertical part if you look at<00:22:39.280> 10<00:22:39.440> meter<00:22:39.760> distance 00:22:40.470 --> 00:22:40.480 align:start position:0% at 10 meter distance 00:22:40.480 --> 00:22:42.390 align:start position:0% at 10 meter distance on<00:22:40.640> a<00:22:40.720> hole<00:22:41.039> which<00:22:41.200> is<00:22:41.280> maybe<00:22:41.600> one<00:22:41.760> meter<00:22:42.080> wide 00:22:42.390 --> 00:22:42.400 align:start position:0% on a hole which is maybe one meter wide 00:22:42.400 --> 00:22:43.830 align:start position:0% on a hole which is maybe one meter wide and<00:22:42.480> one<00:22:42.640> meter<00:22:42.960> deep 00:22:43.830 --> 00:22:43.840 align:start position:0% and one meter deep 00:22:43.840 --> 00:22:46.070 align:start position:0% and one meter deep you<00:22:44.080> just<00:22:44.320> see<00:22:44.559> a<00:22:44.720> small<00:22:45.280> small<00:22:45.679> upper 00:22:46.070 --> 00:22:46.080 align:start position:0% you just see a small small upper 00:22:46.080 --> 00:22:46.870 align:start position:0% you just see a small small upper fraction 00:22:46.870 --> 00:22:46.880 align:start position:0% fraction 00:22:46.880 --> 00:22:51.669 align:start position:0% fraction and<00:22:47.120> if<00:22:47.200> there<00:22:47.360> are<00:22:47.679> a<00:22:47.840> grass<00:22:48.480> um 00:22:51.669 --> 00:22:51.679 align:start position:0% 00:22:51.679 --> 00:22:53.830 align:start position:0% in<00:22:51.840> front<00:22:52.080> of<00:22:52.159> this<00:22:53.120> you're<00:22:53.360> not<00:22:53.520> able<00:22:53.679> to 00:22:53.830 --> 00:22:53.840 align:start position:0% in front of this you're not able to 00:22:53.840 --> 00:22:54.789 align:start position:0% in front of this you're not able to detect<00:22:54.240> it<00:22:54.320> by 00:22:54.789 --> 00:22:54.799 align:start position:0% detect it by 00:22:54.799 --> 00:22:56.470 align:start position:0% detect it by at<00:22:54.880> least<00:22:55.120> at<00:22:55.200> that<00:22:55.440> time<00:22:55.840> you're<00:22:56.000> not<00:22:56.159> able<00:22:56.400> to 00:22:56.470 --> 00:22:56.480 align:start position:0% at least at that time you're not able to 00:22:56.480 --> 00:22:57.990 align:start position:0% at least at that time you're not able to detect<00:22:56.880> it<00:22:56.960> by<00:22:57.120> stereo 00:22:57.990 --> 00:22:58.000 align:start position:0% detect it by stereo 00:22:58.000 --> 00:23:00.470 align:start position:0% detect it by stereo and<00:22:58.320> also<00:22:58.880> uh<00:22:59.280> the<00:22:59.440> laser<00:22:59.679> rangefinders<00:23:00.400> they 00:23:00.470 --> 00:23:00.480 align:start position:0% and also uh the laser rangefinders they 00:23:00.480 --> 00:23:02.390 align:start position:0% and also uh the laser rangefinders they do<00:23:00.640> have<00:23:00.720> proper 00:23:02.390 --> 00:23:02.400 align:start position:0% do have proper 00:23:02.400 --> 00:23:04.789 align:start position:0% do have proper problems<00:23:03.280> detecting<00:23:03.840> it<00:23:04.240> so<00:23:04.400> we<00:23:04.480> made<00:23:04.640> the 00:23:04.789 --> 00:23:04.799 align:start position:0% problems detecting it so we made the 00:23:04.799 --> 00:23:05.830 align:start position:0% problems detecting it so we made the combination<00:23:05.360> that 00:23:05.830 --> 00:23:05.840 align:start position:0% combination that 00:23:05.840 --> 00:23:07.350 align:start position:0% combination that the<00:23:06.000> first<00:23:06.240> detection<00:23:06.720> is<00:23:06.799> being<00:23:06.960> done<00:23:07.200> by 00:23:07.350 --> 00:23:07.360 align:start position:0% the first detection is being done by 00:23:07.360 --> 00:23:10.310 align:start position:0% the first detection is being done by normal<00:23:07.679> vision<00:23:08.480> and<00:23:08.640> then<00:23:08.960> if<00:23:09.120> you<00:23:09.280> close<00:23:09.679> in 00:23:10.310 --> 00:23:10.320 align:start position:0% normal vision and then if you close in 00:23:10.320 --> 00:23:12.230 align:start position:0% normal vision and then if you close in then<00:23:10.559> of<00:23:10.640> course<00:23:11.280> you're<00:23:11.520> lost<00:23:11.760> with<00:23:11.919> vision 00:23:12.230 --> 00:23:12.240 align:start position:0% then of course you're lost with vision 00:23:12.240 --> 00:23:13.909 align:start position:0% then of course you're lost with vision and<00:23:12.320> then<00:23:12.480> you<00:23:12.640> have<00:23:12.799> to<00:23:12.880> look<00:23:13.120> at 00:23:13.909 --> 00:23:13.919 align:start position:0% and then you have to look at 00:23:13.919 --> 00:23:16.870 align:start position:0% and then you have to look at the<00:23:14.640> stereo<00:23:14.960> interpretation<00:23:15.760> or<00:23:16.080> the<00:23:16.320> defined 00:23:16.870 --> 00:23:16.880 align:start position:0% the stereo interpretation or the defined 00:23:16.880 --> 00:23:17.510 align:start position:0% the stereo interpretation or the defined structure 00:23:17.510 --> 00:23:17.520 align:start position:0% structure 00:23:17.520 --> 00:23:20.149 align:start position:0% structure which<00:23:17.760> you<00:23:17.840> get<00:23:18.080> from<00:23:18.240> laser<00:23:18.480> range<00:23:18.799> finding 00:23:20.149 --> 00:23:20.159 align:start position:0% which you get from laser range finding 00:23:20.159 --> 00:23:22.950 align:start position:0% which you get from laser range finding so<00:23:20.320> this<00:23:20.480> was<00:23:20.640> the<00:23:20.720> most<00:23:20.880> difficult 00:23:22.950 --> 00:23:22.960 align:start position:0% so this was the most difficult 00:23:22.960 --> 00:23:25.830 align:start position:0% so this was the most difficult what<00:23:23.120> about<00:23:23.440> like<00:23:23.679> water<00:23:24.000> filled<00:23:24.880> uh<00:23:25.200> potholes 00:23:25.830 --> 00:23:25.840 align:start position:0% what about like water filled uh potholes 00:23:25.840 --> 00:23:26.470 align:start position:0% what about like water filled uh potholes or<00:23:26.080> uh 00:23:26.470 --> 00:23:26.480 align:start position:0% or uh 00:23:26.480 --> 00:23:28.870 align:start position:0% or uh well<00:23:26.640> of<00:23:26.720> course<00:23:27.120> uh<00:23:27.679> the<00:23:28.000> um<00:23:28.480> even<00:23:28.640> more 00:23:28.870 --> 00:23:28.880 align:start position:0% well of course uh the um even more 00:23:28.880 --> 00:23:29.990 align:start position:0% well of course uh the um even more challenging<00:23:29.200> there's<00:23:29.440> a<00:23:29.440> mirrored 00:23:29.990 --> 00:23:30.000 align:start position:0% challenging there's a mirrored 00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:33.350 align:start position:0% challenging there's a mirrored and<00:23:30.400> uh<00:23:31.520> it's<00:23:31.760> the<00:23:31.840> same<00:23:32.159> like<00:23:32.320> for<00:23:32.480> humans<00:23:32.960> i 00:23:33.350 --> 00:23:33.360 align:start position:0% and uh it's the same like for humans i 00:23:33.360 --> 00:23:36.470 align:start position:0% and uh it's the same like for humans i believe<00:23:34.320> it's<00:23:34.559> just<00:23:34.799> a<00:23:35.520> shallow<00:23:35.919> water 00:23:36.470 --> 00:23:36.480 align:start position:0% believe it's just a shallow water 00:23:36.480 --> 00:23:39.029 align:start position:0% believe it's just a shallow water or<00:23:36.720> it's<00:23:36.880> a<00:23:36.960> deep<00:23:37.200> water<00:23:37.840> you<00:23:38.080> you<00:23:38.320> cannot 00:23:39.029 --> 00:23:39.039 align:start position:0% or it's a deep water you you cannot 00:23:39.039 --> 00:23:40.390 align:start position:0% or it's a deep water you you cannot detect<00:23:39.520> what<00:23:39.679> it<00:23:39.919> is 00:23:40.390 --> 00:23:40.400 align:start position:0% detect what it is 00:23:40.400 --> 00:23:42.549 align:start position:0% detect what it is uh<00:23:41.279> quite<00:23:41.440> a<00:23:41.520> bit<00:23:41.679> of<00:23:41.760> discussion<00:23:42.240> has<00:23:42.400> been 00:23:42.549 --> 00:23:42.559 align:start position:0% uh quite a bit of discussion has been 00:23:42.559 --> 00:23:43.590 align:start position:0% uh quite a bit of discussion has been going<00:23:42.720> on<00:23:42.880> in<00:23:42.960> this<00:23:43.120> field 00:23:43.590 --> 00:23:43.600 align:start position:0% going on in this field 00:23:43.600 --> 00:23:45.990 align:start position:0% going on in this field uh<00:23:44.000> my<00:23:44.159> feeling<00:23:44.559> is<00:23:44.720> if<00:23:44.880> you<00:23:45.039> are<00:23:45.360> on<00:23:45.520> a<00:23:45.600> normal 00:23:45.990 --> 00:23:46.000 align:start position:0% uh my feeling is if you are on a normal 00:23:46.000 --> 00:23:47.510 align:start position:0% uh my feeling is if you are on a normal road<00:23:46.320> and 00:23:47.510 --> 00:23:47.520 align:start position:0% road and 00:23:47.520 --> 00:23:50.870 align:start position:0% road and if<00:23:47.760> up<00:23:47.919> to<00:23:48.080> then<00:23:48.320> the<00:23:48.720> road<00:23:49.039> has<00:23:49.279> been 00:23:50.870 --> 00:23:50.880 align:start position:0% if up to then the road has been 00:23:50.880 --> 00:23:53.590 align:start position:0% if up to then the road has been used<00:23:51.440> well<00:23:51.760> almost<00:23:52.240> flat<00:23:52.960> then<00:23:53.120> there<00:23:53.279> will<00:23:53.440> be 00:23:53.590 --> 00:23:53.600 align:start position:0% used well almost flat then there will be 00:23:53.600 --> 00:23:54.149 align:start position:0% used well almost flat then there will be puddles 00:23:54.149 --> 00:23:54.159 align:start position:0% puddles 00:23:54.159 --> 00:23:55.830 align:start position:0% puddles and<00:23:54.320> usually<00:23:54.720> you<00:23:54.799> can<00:23:54.960> assume<00:23:55.360> that<00:23:55.600> you<00:23:55.679> can 00:23:55.830 --> 00:23:55.840 align:start position:0% and usually you can assume that you can 00:23:55.840 --> 00:23:57.430 align:start position:0% and usually you can assume that you can drive<00:23:56.159> through<00:23:56.400> it<00:23:56.960> so 00:23:57.430 --> 00:23:57.440 align:start position:0% drive through it so 00:23:57.440 --> 00:24:00.470 align:start position:0% drive through it so if<00:23:57.600> there<00:23:57.840> are<00:23:58.000> these<00:23:59.120> um 00:24:00.470 --> 00:24:00.480 align:start position:0% if there are these um 00:24:00.480 --> 00:24:03.830 align:start position:0% if there are these um appearances<00:24:01.760> we<00:24:01.919> just<00:24:02.159> assume<00:24:03.440> it's<00:24:03.600> not 00:24:03.830 --> 00:24:03.840 align:start position:0% appearances we just assume it's not 00:24:03.840 --> 00:24:04.390 align:start position:0% appearances we just assume it's not critical 00:24:04.390 --> 00:24:04.400 align:start position:0% critical 00:24:04.400 --> 00:24:06.390 align:start position:0% critical if<00:24:04.480> we<00:24:04.640> go<00:24:04.799> cross-country<00:24:05.520> which<00:24:05.760> we<00:24:05.919> did<00:24:06.159> in 00:24:06.390 --> 00:24:06.400 align:start position:0% if we go cross-country which we did in 00:24:06.400 --> 00:24:08.549 align:start position:0% if we go cross-country which we did in the<00:24:06.880> late<00:24:07.120> 90s<00:24:07.679> and<00:24:07.840> early 00:24:08.549 --> 00:24:08.559 align:start position:0% the late 90s and early 00:24:08.559 --> 00:24:11.750 align:start position:0% the late 90s and early 2000s<00:24:10.240> the<00:24:10.400> field<00:24:10.640> is<00:24:10.720> completely<00:24:11.200> different 00:24:11.750 --> 00:24:11.760 align:start position:0% 2000s the field is completely different 00:24:11.760 --> 00:24:13.110 align:start position:0% 2000s the field is completely different then<00:24:11.919> you<00:24:12.080> have<00:24:12.159> to<00:24:12.240> stop<00:24:12.559> and<00:24:12.720> you<00:24:12.880> have<00:24:12.960> to 00:24:13.110 --> 00:24:13.120 align:start position:0% then you have to stop and you have to 00:24:13.120 --> 00:24:15.110 align:start position:0% then you have to stop and you have to look<00:24:13.279> what<00:24:13.760> it<00:24:13.919> is<00:24:14.400> yeah 00:24:15.110 --> 00:24:15.120 align:start position:0% look what it is yeah 00:24:15.120 --> 00:24:16.789 align:start position:0% look what it is yeah yeah<00:24:15.360> it's<00:24:15.440> a<00:24:15.520> good<00:24:15.679> assumption<00:24:16.159> on<00:24:16.400> german 00:24:16.789 --> 00:24:16.799 align:start position:0% yeah it's a good assumption on german 00:24:16.799 --> 00:24:19.190 align:start position:0% yeah it's a good assumption on german roads<00:24:17.200> but<00:24:18.000> we<00:24:18.159> have<00:24:18.400> a<00:24:18.400> lot<00:24:18.559> more<00:24:18.720> holes<00:24:19.039> in 00:24:19.190 --> 00:24:19.200 align:start position:0% roads but we have a lot more holes in 00:24:19.200 --> 00:24:21.110 align:start position:0% roads but we have a lot more holes in american<00:24:19.679> roads<00:24:20.000> i'm<00:24:20.159> afraid 00:24:21.110 --> 00:24:21.120 align:start position:0% american roads i'm afraid 00:24:21.120 --> 00:24:24.390 align:start position:0% american roads i'm afraid um<00:24:22.880> so<00:24:23.039> what<00:24:23.200> about<00:24:23.520> um 00:24:24.390 --> 00:24:24.400 align:start position:0% um so what about um 00:24:24.400 --> 00:24:27.510 align:start position:0% um so what about um moving<00:24:24.799> obstacles<00:24:25.360> so<00:24:25.600> if<00:24:25.919> if<00:24:26.559> a<00:24:26.799> bicycle<00:24:27.279> or<00:24:27.440> a 00:24:27.510 --> 00:24:27.520 align:start position:0% moving obstacles so if if a bicycle or a 00:24:27.520 --> 00:24:29.190 align:start position:0% moving obstacles so if if a bicycle or a pedestrian<00:24:28.240> comes<00:24:28.559> out<00:24:28.720> in<00:24:28.799> front<00:24:28.960> of<00:24:29.039> the 00:24:29.190 --> 00:24:29.200 align:start position:0% pedestrian comes out in front of the 00:24:29.200 --> 00:24:30.149 align:start position:0% pedestrian comes out in front of the vehicle 00:24:30.149 --> 00:24:30.159 align:start position:0% vehicle 00:24:30.159 --> 00:24:31.750 align:start position:0% vehicle how<00:24:30.320> do<00:24:30.400> you<00:24:30.559> try<00:24:30.720> to<00:24:30.799> deal<00:24:31.039> with<00:24:31.200> those<00:24:31.440> sorts 00:24:31.750 --> 00:24:31.760 align:start position:0% how do you try to deal with those sorts 00:24:31.760 --> 00:24:34.230 align:start position:0% how do you try to deal with those sorts of<00:24:32.240> no<00:24:32.400> you<00:24:32.559> see<00:24:32.799> how<00:24:33.039> the<00:24:33.279> the<00:24:33.440> features<00:24:33.919> shift 00:24:34.230 --> 00:24:34.240 align:start position:0% of no you see how the the features shift 00:24:34.240 --> 00:24:35.750 align:start position:0% of no you see how the the features shift from<00:24:34.400> one<00:24:34.559> to<00:24:34.720> the<00:24:34.799> next<00:24:35.120> you<00:24:35.279> see<00:24:35.440> the 00:24:35.750 --> 00:24:35.760 align:start position:0% from one to the next you see the 00:24:35.760 --> 00:24:38.870 align:start position:0% from one to the next you see the the<00:24:36.000> the<00:24:36.240> uh<00:24:37.440> set<00:24:37.679> of<00:24:37.760> features<00:24:38.320> which<00:24:38.559> moves 00:24:38.870 --> 00:24:38.880 align:start position:0% the the uh set of features which moves 00:24:38.880 --> 00:24:39.750 align:start position:0% the the uh set of features which moves in<00:24:38.960> conjunction 00:24:39.750 --> 00:24:39.760 align:start position:0% in conjunction 00:24:39.760 --> 00:24:41.590 align:start position:0% in conjunction and<00:24:39.840> then<00:24:40.000> we<00:24:40.159> come<00:24:40.320> to<00:24:40.480> the<00:24:40.559> conclusion<00:24:41.360> uh 00:24:41.590 --> 00:24:41.600 align:start position:0% and then we come to the conclusion uh 00:24:41.600 --> 00:24:42.789 align:start position:0% and then we come to the conclusion uh that<00:24:41.760> this<00:24:42.000> is<00:24:42.159> an<00:24:42.320> obstacle 00:24:42.789 --> 00:24:42.799 align:start position:0% that this is an obstacle 00:24:42.799 --> 00:24:45.269 align:start position:0% that this is an obstacle moving<00:24:43.120> obstacle<00:24:43.600> in<00:24:43.679> the<00:24:43.840> first 00:24:45.269 --> 00:24:45.279 align:start position:0% moving obstacle in the first 00:24:45.279 --> 00:24:46.950 align:start position:0% moving obstacle in the first investigation<00:24:45.919> we<00:24:46.080> did<00:24:46.320> was<00:24:46.559> the<00:24:46.720> pro 00:24:46.950 --> 00:24:46.960 align:start position:0% investigation we did was the pro 00:24:46.960 --> 00:24:47.830 align:start position:0% investigation we did was the pro balancing 00:24:47.830 --> 00:24:47.840 align:start position:0% balancing 00:24:47.840 --> 00:24:50.390 align:start position:0% balancing maybe<00:24:49.200> you<00:24:49.360> should<00:24:49.520> have<00:24:49.679> a<00:24:49.760> look<00:24:49.919> at<00:24:50.000> the<00:24:50.159> film 00:24:50.390 --> 00:24:50.400 align:start position:0% maybe you should have a look at the film 00:24:50.400 --> 00:24:52.149 align:start position:0% maybe you should have a look at the film so<00:24:50.720> you<00:24:50.960> really<00:24:51.200> understand<00:24:51.679> much<00:24:51.919> better 00:24:52.149 --> 00:24:52.159 align:start position:0% so you really understand much better 00:24:52.159 --> 00:24:52.630 align:start position:0% so you really understand much better what 00:24:52.630 --> 00:24:52.640 align:start position:0% what 00:24:52.640 --> 00:24:55.669 align:start position:0% what what<00:24:52.799> is<00:24:53.360> going<00:24:53.679> on<00:24:54.320> i<00:24:54.480> do<00:24:54.640> a<00:24:54.799> 15<00:24:55.120> minute<00:24:55.360> film 00:24:55.669 --> 00:24:55.679 align:start position:0% what is going on i do a 15 minute film 00:24:55.679 --> 00:24:57.590 align:start position:0% what is going on i do a 15 minute film which<00:24:55.919> gives<00:24:56.159> a<00:24:56.240> survey<00:24:56.720> on<00:24:56.880> the<00:24:57.039> approach 00:24:57.590 --> 00:24:57.600 align:start position:0% which gives a survey on the approach 00:24:57.600 --> 00:24:59.990 align:start position:0% which gives a survey on the approach with<00:24:57.919> all<00:24:58.080> the<00:24:58.240> applications<00:24:58.880> we've<00:24:59.120> done<00:24:59.840> i 00:24:59.990 --> 00:25:00.000 align:start position:0% with all the applications we've done i 00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:00.789 align:start position:0% with all the applications we've done i don't<00:25:00.080> know<00:25:00.240> whether<00:25:00.480> you<00:25:00.559> have 00:25:00.789 --> 00:25:00.799 align:start position:0% don't know whether you have 00:25:00.799 --> 00:25:02.470 align:start position:0% don't know whether you have time<00:25:01.039> or<00:25:01.200> you<00:25:01.360> would<00:25:01.440> like<00:25:01.600> to<00:25:01.919> to<00:25:02.000> do<00:25:02.159> it<00:25:02.320> it's 00:25:02.470 --> 00:25:02.480 align:start position:0% time or you would like to to do it it's 00:25:02.480 --> 00:25:03.830 align:start position:0% time or you would like to to do it it's also<00:25:02.720> on<00:25:02.799> the<00:25:03.120> on<00:25:03.279> the 00:25:03.830 --> 00:25:03.840 align:start position:0% also on the on the 00:25:03.840 --> 00:25:05.830 align:start position:0% also on the on the on<00:25:03.919> the<00:25:04.080> cd<00:25:04.480> yeah<00:25:04.720> we<00:25:04.880> can<00:25:05.039> look<00:25:05.279> at<00:25:05.360> that<00:25:05.600> and 00:25:05.830 --> 00:25:05.840 align:start position:0% on the cd yeah we can look at that and 00:25:05.840 --> 00:25:07.510 align:start position:0% on the cd yeah we can look at that and uh<00:25:06.400> shall<00:25:06.559> we<00:25:06.720> do<00:25:06.880> this<00:25:07.039> first 00:25:07.510 --> 00:25:07.520 align:start position:0% uh shall we do this first 00:25:07.520 --> 00:25:10.070 align:start position:0% uh shall we do this first um<00:25:08.320> well<00:25:08.559> i<00:25:08.640> think<00:25:08.799> i<00:25:08.880> have<00:25:09.520> we<00:25:09.679> think<00:25:09.840> we<00:25:10.000> can 00:25:10.070 --> 00:25:10.080 align:start position:0% um well i think i have we think we can 00:25:10.080 --> 00:25:12.149 align:start position:0% um well i think i have we think we can go<00:25:10.320> on<00:25:10.559> for<00:25:10.720> now<00:25:10.960> but<00:25:11.120> i'm<00:25:11.279> looking 00:25:12.149 --> 00:25:12.159 align:start position:0% go on for now but i'm looking 00:25:12.159 --> 00:25:14.950 align:start position:0% go on for now but i'm looking um<00:25:12.880> but<00:25:13.120> as<00:25:13.279> far<00:25:13.520> as<00:25:13.760> uh<00:25:14.159> so<00:25:14.400> then<00:25:14.720> from<00:25:14.880> the 00:25:14.950 --> 00:25:14.960 align:start position:0% um but as far as uh so then from the 00:25:14.960 --> 00:25:16.470 align:start position:0% um but as far as uh so then from the control<00:25:15.440> perspective 00:25:16.470 --> 00:25:16.480 align:start position:0% control perspective 00:25:16.480 --> 00:25:18.310 align:start position:0% control perspective was<00:25:16.720> it<00:25:16.799> ever<00:25:17.039> a<00:25:17.200> problem<00:25:17.520> to<00:25:17.600> figure<00:25:17.919> out<00:25:18.080> when 00:25:18.310 --> 00:25:18.320 align:start position:0% was it ever a problem to figure out when 00:25:18.320 --> 00:25:19.990 align:start position:0% was it ever a problem to figure out when you<00:25:18.400> should<00:25:18.559> be<00:25:18.799> braking<00:25:19.279> when<00:25:19.520> you<00:25:19.600> should<00:25:19.760> be 00:25:19.990 --> 00:25:20.000 align:start position:0% you should be braking when you should be 00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:20.870 align:start position:0% you should be braking when you should be turning 00:25:20.870 --> 00:25:20.880 align:start position:0% turning 00:25:20.880 --> 00:25:22.549 align:start position:0% turning how<00:25:21.039> do<00:25:21.120> you<00:25:21.200> maintain<00:25:21.600> the<00:25:21.760> stability<00:25:22.320> of<00:25:22.400> the 00:25:22.549 --> 00:25:22.559 align:start position:0% how do you maintain the stability of the 00:25:22.559 --> 00:25:23.990 align:start position:0% how do you maintain the stability of the vehicle<00:25:23.279> if<00:25:23.520> it's<00:25:23.679> a 00:25:23.990 --> 00:25:24.000 align:start position:0% vehicle if it's a 00:25:24.000 --> 00:25:25.590 align:start position:0% vehicle if it's a if<00:25:24.159> you're<00:25:24.480> trying<00:25:24.640> to<00:25:24.720> avoid<00:25:25.039> a<00:25:25.120> collision<00:25:25.520> at 00:25:25.590 --> 00:25:25.600 align:start position:0% if you're trying to avoid a collision at 00:25:25.600 --> 00:25:27.750 align:start position:0% if you're trying to avoid a collision at high<00:25:25.840> speed 00:25:27.750 --> 00:25:27.760 align:start position:0% high speed 00:25:27.760 --> 00:25:29.750 align:start position:0% high speed of<00:25:27.840> course<00:25:28.080> these<00:25:28.320> are<00:25:28.799> difficult<00:25:29.279> problems 00:25:29.750 --> 00:25:29.760 align:start position:0% of course these are difficult problems 00:25:29.760 --> 00:25:32.310 align:start position:0% of course these are difficult problems but<00:25:30.400> usually<00:25:30.880> if<00:25:31.039> you<00:25:31.200> do<00:25:31.440> the 00:25:32.310 --> 00:25:32.320 align:start position:0% but usually if you do the 00:25:32.320 --> 00:25:36.149 align:start position:0% but usually if you do the the<00:25:32.559> 4d<00:25:32.960> representation<00:25:34.799> then 00:25:36.149 --> 00:25:36.159 align:start position:0% the 4d representation then 00:25:36.159 --> 00:25:38.630 align:start position:0% the 4d representation then you<00:25:36.320> also<00:25:36.559> make<00:25:36.799> predictions<00:25:37.440> of<00:25:38.159> not<00:25:38.400> only 00:25:38.630 --> 00:25:38.640 align:start position:0% you also make predictions of not only 00:25:38.640 --> 00:25:40.630 align:start position:0% you also make predictions of not only how<00:25:38.799> you<00:25:39.039> are<00:25:39.120> going<00:25:39.360> to<00:25:39.520> move<00:25:39.760> but<00:25:40.000> also<00:25:40.400> how 00:25:40.630 --> 00:25:40.640 align:start position:0% how you are going to move but also how 00:25:40.640 --> 00:25:41.430 align:start position:0% how you are going to move but also how the<00:25:40.880> other 00:25:41.430 --> 00:25:41.440 align:start position:0% the other 00:25:41.440 --> 00:25:43.110 align:start position:0% the other objects<00:25:41.919> are<00:25:42.000> going<00:25:42.159> to<00:25:42.320> move<00:25:42.640> and<00:25:42.799> you<00:25:42.880> do 00:25:43.110 --> 00:25:43.120 align:start position:0% objects are going to move and you do 00:25:43.120 --> 00:25:45.830 align:start position:0% objects are going to move and you do have<00:25:43.279> a<00:25:43.440> representation<00:25:44.240> of<00:25:44.480> all<00:25:44.799> objects 00:25:45.830 --> 00:25:45.840 align:start position:0% have a representation of all objects 00:25:45.840 --> 00:25:48.470 align:start position:0% have a representation of all objects and<00:25:46.080> in<00:25:46.240> parallel<00:25:47.279> and<00:25:47.440> then<00:25:47.600> you<00:25:47.840> see<00:25:48.400> and 00:25:48.470 --> 00:25:48.480 align:start position:0% and in parallel and then you see and 00:25:48.480 --> 00:25:49.029 align:start position:0% and in parallel and then you see and that's<00:25:48.799> a 00:25:49.029 --> 00:25:49.039 align:start position:0% that's a 00:25:49.039 --> 00:25:51.830 align:start position:0% that's a straightforward<00:25:49.679> analysis<00:25:50.559> will<00:25:50.720> there<00:25:50.880> be<00:25:51.200> a 00:25:51.830 --> 00:25:51.840 align:start position:0% straightforward analysis will there be a 00:25:51.840 --> 00:25:54.789 align:start position:0% straightforward analysis will there be a possibility<00:25:52.480> of<00:25:52.640> a 00:25:54.789 --> 00:25:54.799 align:start position:0% possibility of a 00:25:54.799 --> 00:25:56.630 align:start position:0% possibility of a collision<00:25:55.679> and<00:25:55.760> then<00:25:55.919> of<00:25:56.000> course<00:25:56.240> you<00:25:56.400> have<00:25:56.480> to 00:25:56.630 --> 00:25:56.640 align:start position:0% collision and then of course you have to 00:25:56.640 --> 00:25:58.230 align:start position:0% collision and then of course you have to react<00:25:57.679> and 00:25:58.230 --> 00:25:58.240 align:start position:0% react and 00:25:58.240 --> 00:26:01.269 align:start position:0% react and well<00:25:58.799> car<00:25:59.039> control<00:25:59.520> it's<00:26:00.159> it's<00:26:00.400> simple<00:26:00.720> for<00:26:01.120> an 00:26:01.269 --> 00:26:01.279 align:start position:0% well car control it's it's simple for an 00:26:01.279 --> 00:26:01.830 align:start position:0% well car control it's it's simple for an engineer 00:26:01.830 --> 00:26:01.840 align:start position:0% engineer 00:26:01.840 --> 00:26:04.470 align:start position:0% engineer that's<00:26:02.159> that's<00:26:02.400> being<00:26:02.640> done<00:26:02.880> for<00:26:03.039> 100<00:26:03.360> years 00:26:04.470 --> 00:26:04.480 align:start position:0% that's that's being done for 100 years 00:26:04.480 --> 00:26:05.750 align:start position:0% that's that's being done for 100 years that's<00:26:04.799> that's<00:26:05.039> not 00:26:05.750 --> 00:26:05.760 align:start position:0% that's that's not 00:26:05.760 --> 00:26:08.149 align:start position:0% that's that's not not<00:26:05.919> a<00:26:06.080> new<00:26:06.240> field<00:26:07.039> no<00:26:07.600> but<00:26:07.760> you<00:26:07.840> didn't<00:26:08.080> have 00:26:08.149 --> 00:26:08.159 align:start position:0% not a new field no but you didn't have 00:26:08.159 --> 00:26:09.110 align:start position:0% not a new field no but you didn't have any<00:26:08.400> issues<00:26:08.799> with 00:26:09.110 --> 00:26:09.120 align:start position:0% any issues with 00:26:09.120 --> 00:26:11.909 align:start position:0% any issues with like<00:26:09.360> hunting<00:26:10.480> or<00:26:10.799> over<00:26:11.039> steering<00:26:11.679> or 00:26:11.909 --> 00:26:11.919 align:start position:0% like hunting or over steering or 00:26:11.919 --> 00:26:13.269 align:start position:0% like hunting or over steering or anything<00:26:12.240> like<00:26:12.480> that 00:26:13.269 --> 00:26:13.279 align:start position:0% anything like that 00:26:13.279 --> 00:26:15.830 align:start position:0% anything like that well<00:26:13.440> this<00:26:13.679> you<00:26:14.000> see<00:26:14.480> essentially<00:26:15.279> if<00:26:15.520> those 00:26:15.830 --> 00:26:15.840 align:start position:0% well this you see essentially if those 00:26:15.840 --> 00:26:17.430 align:start position:0% well this you see essentially if those people 00:26:17.430 --> 00:26:17.440 align:start position:0% people 00:26:17.440 --> 00:26:19.909 align:start position:0% people deal<00:26:17.760> with<00:26:18.000> car<00:26:18.240> control<00:26:18.880> who<00:26:19.200> start<00:26:19.760> from 00:26:19.909 --> 00:26:19.919 align:start position:0% deal with car control who start from 00:26:19.919 --> 00:26:21.669 align:start position:0% deal with car control who start from static<00:26:20.400> images 00:26:21.669 --> 00:26:21.679 align:start position:0% static images 00:26:21.679 --> 00:26:23.830 align:start position:0% static images and<00:26:21.919> who<00:26:22.159> don't<00:26:22.559> have<00:26:22.880> the<00:26:23.039> notion<00:26:23.600> of 00:26:23.830 --> 00:26:23.840 align:start position:0% and who don't have the notion of 00:26:23.840 --> 00:26:25.110 align:start position:0% and who don't have the notion of maneuver<00:26:24.559> i<00:26:24.720> didn't 00:26:25.110 --> 00:26:25.120 align:start position:0% maneuver i didn't 00:26:25.120 --> 00:26:27.430 align:start position:0% maneuver i didn't emphasize<00:26:25.840> this<00:26:26.640> but<00:26:26.799> this<00:26:27.039> is<00:26:27.200> very 00:26:27.430 --> 00:26:27.440 align:start position:0% emphasize this but this is very 00:26:27.440 --> 00:26:28.230 align:start position:0% emphasize this but this is very essential 00:26:28.230 --> 00:26:28.240 align:start position:0% essential 00:26:28.240 --> 00:26:30.310 align:start position:0% essential if<00:26:28.320> you<00:26:28.480> do<00:26:28.720> control<00:26:29.200> application<00:26:29.919> i've<00:26:30.159> been 00:26:30.310 --> 00:26:30.320 align:start position:0% if you do control application i've been 00:26:30.320 --> 00:26:31.350 align:start position:0% if you do control application i've been working<00:26:30.720> in 00:26:31.350 --> 00:26:31.360 align:start position:0% working in 00:26:31.360 --> 00:26:35.190 align:start position:0% working in aerospace<00:26:33.279> maneuvers 00:26:35.190 --> 00:26:35.200 align:start position:0% aerospace maneuvers 00:26:35.200 --> 00:26:37.990 align:start position:0% aerospace maneuvers extending<00:26:35.840> over<00:26:36.960> not<00:26:37.200> seconds<00:26:37.520> and<00:26:37.600> minutes 00:26:37.990 --> 00:26:38.000 align:start position:0% extending over not seconds and minutes 00:26:38.000 --> 00:26:39.269 align:start position:0% extending over not seconds and minutes but<00:26:38.240> hours 00:26:39.269 --> 00:26:39.279 align:start position:0% but hours 00:26:39.279 --> 00:26:41.510 align:start position:0% but hours so<00:26:39.520> you<00:26:39.760> always<00:26:40.080> should<00:26:40.320> have<00:26:40.559> in<00:26:40.640> mind<00:26:41.279> what 00:26:41.510 --> 00:26:41.520 align:start position:0% so you always should have in mind what 00:26:41.520 --> 00:26:43.510 align:start position:0% so you always should have in mind what is<00:26:41.600> the<00:26:41.840> overall<00:26:42.240> maneuver<00:26:42.720> you<00:26:42.880> are<00:26:42.960> doing 00:26:43.510 --> 00:26:43.520 align:start position:0% is the overall maneuver you are doing 00:26:43.520 --> 00:26:45.510 align:start position:0% is the overall maneuver you are doing what<00:26:43.760> are<00:26:43.919> the<00:26:44.159> maneuver<00:26:44.640> elements<00:26:45.200> you<00:26:45.360> are 00:26:45.510 --> 00:26:45.520 align:start position:0% what are the maneuver elements you are 00:26:45.520 --> 00:26:47.350 align:start position:0% what are the maneuver elements you are applying<00:26:46.400> and<00:26:46.559> then<00:26:46.720> you<00:26:46.799> have<00:26:46.960> a<00:26:47.039> list<00:26:47.279> of 00:26:47.350 --> 00:26:47.360 align:start position:0% applying and then you have a list of 00:26:47.360 --> 00:26:48.789 align:start position:0% applying and then you have a list of maneuver<00:26:47.919> elements 00:26:48.789 --> 00:26:48.799 align:start position:0% maneuver elements 00:26:48.799 --> 00:26:51.590 align:start position:0% maneuver elements which<00:26:49.039> you<00:26:49.200> have<00:26:49.360> to<00:26:49.919> work<00:26:50.480> upon<00:26:51.120> one<00:26:51.360> after 00:26:51.590 --> 00:26:51.600 align:start position:0% which you have to work upon one after 00:26:51.600 --> 00:26:52.710 align:start position:0% which you have to work upon one after the<00:26:51.760> other 00:26:52.710 --> 00:26:52.720 align:start position:0% the other 00:26:52.720 --> 00:26:54.390 align:start position:0% the other and<00:26:52.880> then<00:26:53.200> you<00:26:53.520> to<00:26:53.760> have<00:26:53.919> to<00:26:54.000> find<00:26:54.240> the 00:26:54.390 --> 00:26:54.400 align:start position:0% and then you to have to find the 00:26:54.400 --> 00:26:56.230 align:start position:0% and then you to have to find the transitions<00:26:54.960> from<00:26:55.120> one<00:26:55.279> maneuver<00:26:55.760> element<00:26:56.080> to 00:26:56.230 --> 00:26:56.240 align:start position:0% transitions from one maneuver element to 00:26:56.240 --> 00:26:57.110 align:start position:0% transitions from one maneuver element to the<00:26:56.320> next 00:26:57.110 --> 00:26:57.120 align:start position:0% the next 00:26:57.120 --> 00:26:59.269 align:start position:0% the next but<00:26:57.360> within<00:26:57.679> the<00:26:57.760> maneuver<00:26:58.240> elements<00:26:58.960> there 00:26:59.269 --> 00:26:59.279 align:start position:0% but within the maneuver elements there 00:26:59.279 --> 00:27:01.750 align:start position:0% but within the maneuver elements there are<00:26:59.919> control<00:27:00.400> engineering<00:27:00.880> feedback<00:27:01.360> loops 00:27:01.750 --> 00:27:01.760 align:start position:0% are control engineering feedback loops 00:27:01.760 --> 00:27:02.789 align:start position:0% are control engineering feedback loops or 00:27:02.789 --> 00:27:02.799 align:start position:0% or 00:27:02.799 --> 00:27:05.669 align:start position:0% or if<00:27:02.960> you<00:27:03.120> want<00:27:03.279> to<00:27:03.360> make<00:27:03.600> a<00:27:03.679> lane<00:27:04.000> a<00:27:04.640> turn<00:27:04.960> off<00:27:05.360> uh 00:27:05.669 --> 00:27:05.679 align:start position:0% if you want to make a lane a turn off uh 00:27:05.679 --> 00:27:06.230 align:start position:0% if you want to make a lane a turn off uh there<00:27:05.919> is 00:27:06.230 --> 00:27:06.240 align:start position:0% there is 00:27:06.240 --> 00:27:09.669 align:start position:0% there is a<00:27:07.200> feed<00:27:07.520> forward<00:27:08.000> control<00:27:08.880> you<00:27:09.039> do<00:27:09.200> this<00:27:09.440> for<00:27:09.600> a 00:27:09.669 --> 00:27:09.679 align:start position:0% a feed forward control you do this for a 00:27:09.679 --> 00:27:11.190 align:start position:0% a feed forward control you do this for a lane<00:27:09.919> change 00:27:11.190 --> 00:27:11.200 align:start position:0% lane change 00:27:11.200 --> 00:27:14.310 align:start position:0% lane change so<00:27:11.520> so<00:27:11.679> this<00:27:12.000> means<00:27:12.880> you<00:27:13.039> do<00:27:13.360> a<00:27:13.760> direction 00:27:14.310 --> 00:27:14.320 align:start position:0% so so this means you do a direction 00:27:14.320 --> 00:27:14.950 align:start position:0% so so this means you do a direction change 00:27:14.950 --> 00:27:14.960 align:start position:0% change 00:27:14.960 --> 00:27:16.549 align:start position:0% change by<00:27:15.200> car<00:27:15.440> it's<00:27:15.520> an<00:27:15.679> upcoming<00:27:16.000> steering<00:27:16.320> all 00:27:16.549 --> 00:27:16.559 align:start position:0% by car it's an upcoming steering all 00:27:16.559 --> 00:27:18.389 align:start position:0% by car it's an upcoming steering all cars<00:27:17.279> and<00:27:17.360> then<00:27:17.520> if<00:27:17.679> you<00:27:17.760> do<00:27:17.919> the<00:27:18.000> other<00:27:18.240> the 00:27:18.389 --> 00:27:18.399 align:start position:0% cars and then if you do the other the 00:27:18.399 --> 00:27:20.230 align:start position:0% cars and then if you do the other the other<00:27:18.559> side<00:27:18.799> you<00:27:18.960> means<00:27:19.200> you<00:27:19.279> do<00:27:19.440> have<00:27:19.679> a 00:27:20.230 --> 00:27:20.240 align:start position:0% other side you means you do have a 00:27:20.240 --> 00:27:22.870 align:start position:0% other side you means you do have a an<00:27:20.480> offset<00:27:21.039> to<00:27:21.360> to<00:27:21.520> the<00:27:21.760> side<00:27:22.320> but<00:27:22.559> go<00:27:22.799> in 00:27:22.870 --> 00:27:22.880 align:start position:0% an offset to to the side but go in 00:27:22.880 --> 00:27:25.590 align:start position:0% an offset to to the side but go in parallel<00:27:23.360> if<00:27:23.679> it's<00:27:23.840> symmetric 00:27:25.590 --> 00:27:25.600 align:start position:0% parallel if it's symmetric 00:27:25.600 --> 00:27:28.549 align:start position:0% parallel if it's symmetric so<00:27:25.760> this<00:27:26.000> is<00:27:26.240> again<00:27:27.120> it's<00:27:27.440> relatively<00:27:27.919> simple 00:27:28.549 --> 00:27:28.559 align:start position:0% so this is again it's relatively simple 00:27:28.559 --> 00:27:29.190 align:start position:0% so this is again it's relatively simple and 00:27:29.190 --> 00:27:29.200 align:start position:0% and 00:27:29.200 --> 00:27:33.029 align:start position:0% and if<00:27:29.440> you<00:27:29.760> do<00:27:30.000> have<00:27:30.159> some<00:27:30.399> errors<00:27:31.679> most<00:27:32.000> people 00:27:33.029 --> 00:27:33.039 align:start position:0% if you do have some errors most people 00:27:33.039 --> 00:27:36.070 align:start position:0% if you do have some errors most people i've<00:27:33.360> seen<00:27:33.520> many<00:27:33.760> people<00:27:35.360> that<00:27:35.600> try<00:27:35.919> to 00:27:36.070 --> 00:27:36.080 align:start position:0% i've seen many people that try to 00:27:36.080 --> 00:27:37.430 align:start position:0% i've seen many people that try to correct<00:27:36.480> this<00:27:36.720> immediately 00:27:37.430 --> 00:27:37.440 align:start position:0% correct this immediately 00:27:37.440 --> 00:27:40.470 align:start position:0% correct this immediately now<00:27:37.600> we<00:27:37.840> say<00:27:38.559> i'm<00:27:38.799> in<00:27:38.880> a<00:27:38.960> maneuver<00:27:40.159> and 00:27:40.470 --> 00:27:40.480 align:start position:0% now we say i'm in a maneuver and 00:27:40.480 --> 00:27:42.789 align:start position:0% now we say i'm in a maneuver and how<00:27:40.640> do<00:27:40.799> i<00:27:40.880> have<00:27:41.039> to<00:27:41.200> change<00:27:41.440> my<00:27:41.600> maneuver<00:27:42.640> in 00:27:42.789 --> 00:27:42.799 align:start position:0% how do i have to change my maneuver in 00:27:42.799 --> 00:27:44.310 align:start position:0% how do i have to change my maneuver in order<00:27:43.120> to<00:27:43.279> achieve<00:27:43.600> my<00:27:43.760> goal 00:27:44.310 --> 00:27:44.320 align:start position:0% order to achieve my goal 00:27:44.320 --> 00:27:46.549 align:start position:0% order to achieve my goal so<00:27:44.480> the<00:27:44.720> control<00:27:45.200> corrections<00:27:45.840> the<00:27:46.000> magnitude 00:27:46.549 --> 00:27:46.559 align:start position:0% so the control corrections the magnitude 00:27:46.559 --> 00:27:48.470 align:start position:0% so the control corrections the magnitude of<00:27:46.640> the<00:27:46.799> correction<00:27:47.200> is<00:27:47.279> much<00:27:47.440> smaller 00:27:48.470 --> 00:27:48.480 align:start position:0% of the correction is much smaller 00:27:48.480 --> 00:27:50.870 align:start position:0% of the correction is much smaller i've<00:27:48.720> seen<00:27:49.039> very<00:27:49.760> nervous<00:27:50.399> control 00:27:50.870 --> 00:27:50.880 align:start position:0% i've seen very nervous control 00:27:50.880 --> 00:27:52.630 align:start position:0% i've seen very nervous control applications 00:27:52.630 --> 00:27:52.640 align:start position:0% applications 00:27:52.640 --> 00:27:54.710 align:start position:0% applications in<00:27:52.720> these<00:27:53.039> application<00:27:53.600> to<00:27:53.760> ground<00:27:54.080> vehicles 00:27:54.710 --> 00:27:54.720 align:start position:0% in these application to ground vehicles 00:27:54.720 --> 00:27:55.990 align:start position:0% in these application to ground vehicles and 00:27:55.990 --> 00:27:56.000 align:start position:0% and 00:27:56.000 --> 00:27:57.430 align:start position:0% and i<00:27:56.159> sometimes<00:27:56.559> had<00:27:56.720> the<00:27:56.799> impression<00:27:57.200> that 00:27:57.430 --> 00:27:57.440 align:start position:0% i sometimes had the impression that 00:27:57.440 --> 00:27:59.110 align:start position:0% i sometimes had the impression that there's<00:27:57.679> another<00:27:58.159> magnitude<00:27:58.640> difference 00:27:59.110 --> 00:27:59.120 align:start position:0% there's another magnitude difference 00:27:59.120 --> 00:27:59.990 align:start position:0% there's another magnitude difference between 00:27:59.990 --> 00:28:00.000 align:start position:0% between 00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:01.990 align:start position:0% between what<00:28:00.159> you<00:28:00.399> see<00:28:00.640> in<00:28:00.880> many<00:28:01.120> approaches<00:28:01.600> and<00:28:01.840> what 00:28:01.990 --> 00:28:02.000 align:start position:0% what you see in many approaches and what 00:28:02.000 --> 00:28:04.149 align:start position:0% what you see in many approaches and what you<00:28:02.080> see<00:28:02.240> in<00:28:02.320> our<00:28:02.559> approach 00:28:04.149 --> 00:28:04.159 align:start position:0% you see in our approach 00:28:04.159 --> 00:28:06.549 align:start position:0% you see in our approach interesting<00:28:05.120> and<00:28:05.279> in<00:28:05.360> terms<00:28:05.679> of<00:28:05.840> organizing 00:28:06.549 --> 00:28:06.559 align:start position:0% interesting and in terms of organizing 00:28:06.559 --> 00:28:08.710 align:start position:0% interesting and in terms of organizing the<00:28:06.799> high<00:28:06.960> level<00:28:07.279> maneuver<00:28:07.919> are<00:28:08.080> you<00:28:08.240> using 00:28:08.710 --> 00:28:08.720 align:start position:0% the high level maneuver are you using 00:28:08.720 --> 00:28:11.350 align:start position:0% the high level maneuver are you using um<00:28:09.440> a<00:28:09.520> hierarchical<00:28:10.240> control<00:28:10.720> system<00:28:11.279> are 00:28:11.350 --> 00:28:11.360 align:start position:0% um a hierarchical control system are 00:28:11.360 --> 00:28:12.389 align:start position:0% um a hierarchical control system are these 00:28:12.389 --> 00:28:12.399 align:start position:0% these 00:28:12.399 --> 00:28:16.230 align:start position:0% these um<00:28:12.799> at<00:28:13.200> what<00:28:13.440> level<00:28:13.840> is<00:28:14.840> um 00:28:16.230 --> 00:28:16.240 align:start position:0% um at what level is um 00:28:16.240 --> 00:28:19.590 align:start position:0% um at what level is um are<00:28:16.320> these<00:28:16.559> being<00:28:16.720> represented<00:28:17.520> i<00:28:17.600> guess 00:28:19.590 --> 00:28:19.600 align:start position:0% are these being represented i guess 00:28:19.600 --> 00:28:22.630 align:start position:0% are these being represented i guess maybe<00:28:19.840> i<00:28:20.000> should<00:28:21.120> i<00:28:21.279> prepared<00:28:21.679> some<00:28:22.000> some 00:28:22.630 --> 00:28:22.640 align:start position:0% maybe i should i prepared some some 00:28:22.640 --> 00:28:28.070 align:start position:0% maybe i should i prepared some some information<00:28:23.120> here<00:28:23.279> for<00:28:23.440> you<00:28:24.559> so<00:28:25.360> let's<00:28:25.600> see 00:28:28.070 --> 00:28:28.080 align:start position:0% 00:28:28.080 --> 00:28:31.110 align:start position:0% this<00:28:28.320> is<00:28:28.480> the<00:28:28.799> the<00:28:29.440> overall 00:28:31.110 --> 00:28:31.120 align:start position:0% this is the the overall 00:28:31.120 --> 00:28:33.909 align:start position:0% this is the the overall system<00:28:31.679> and<00:28:32.000> it's<00:28:32.320> it's<00:28:32.640> hard<00:28:33.200> to<00:28:33.440> explain 00:28:33.909 --> 00:28:33.919 align:start position:0% system and it's it's hard to explain 00:28:33.919 --> 00:28:35.669 align:start position:0% system and it's it's hard to explain just<00:28:34.159> by<00:28:34.320> word<00:28:34.640> i<00:28:34.720> think<00:28:34.960> one<00:28:35.120> should<00:28:35.360> look<00:28:35.520> at 00:28:35.669 --> 00:28:35.679 align:start position:0% just by word i think one should look at 00:28:35.679 --> 00:28:36.630 align:start position:0% just by word i think one should look at the 00:28:36.630 --> 00:28:36.640 align:start position:0% the 00:28:36.640 --> 00:28:40.230 align:start position:0% the at<00:28:36.880> the<00:28:37.039> different<00:28:37.840> uh<00:28:38.559> realizations 00:28:40.230 --> 00:28:40.240 align:start position:0% at the different uh realizations 00:28:40.240 --> 00:28:44.149 align:start position:0% at the different uh realizations so<00:28:40.399> these<00:28:40.720> are<00:28:40.960> the<00:28:41.279> the<00:28:42.840> maneuvers 00:28:44.149 --> 00:28:44.159 align:start position:0% so these are the the maneuvers 00:28:44.159 --> 00:28:46.070 align:start position:0% so these are the the maneuvers the<00:28:44.320> maneuver<00:28:44.799> capabilities<00:28:45.520> action<00:28:45.919> and 00:28:46.070 --> 00:28:46.080 align:start position:0% the maneuver capabilities action and 00:28:46.080 --> 00:28:48.389 align:start position:0% the maneuver capabilities action and behavioral<00:28:46.559> capabilities 00:28:48.389 --> 00:28:48.399 align:start position:0% behavioral capabilities 00:28:48.399 --> 00:28:51.269 align:start position:0% behavioral capabilities this<00:28:48.640> is<00:28:48.799> a<00:28:48.880> lane<00:28:49.120> change<00:28:50.399> this<00:28:50.640> is<00:28:51.039> the 00:28:51.269 --> 00:28:51.279 align:start position:0% this is a lane change this is the 00:28:51.279 --> 00:28:55.110 align:start position:0% this is a lane change this is the superposition<00:28:52.000> of 00:28:55.110 --> 00:28:55.120 align:start position:0% 00:28:55.120 --> 00:28:57.269 align:start position:0% non-linear<00:28:55.919> feed-forward<00:28:56.559> control<00:28:57.120> and 00:28:57.269 --> 00:28:57.279 align:start position:0% non-linear feed-forward control and 00:28:57.279 --> 00:28:59.029 align:start position:0% non-linear feed-forward control and linear<00:28:57.600> feedback<00:28:58.080> control 00:28:59.029 --> 00:28:59.039 align:start position:0% linear feedback control 00:28:59.039 --> 00:29:02.710 align:start position:0% linear feedback control and<00:28:59.200> then<00:28:59.600> here<00:28:59.760> you<00:28:59.919> do<00:29:00.080> have<00:29:00.399> the<00:29:02.000> network<00:29:02.559> of 00:29:02.710 --> 00:29:02.720 align:start position:0% and then here you do have the network of 00:29:02.720 --> 00:29:03.990 align:start position:0% and then here you do have the network of capabilities 00:29:03.990 --> 00:29:04.000 align:start position:0% capabilities 00:29:04.000 --> 00:29:07.430 align:start position:0% capabilities which<00:29:04.320> indicates<00:29:05.440> which<00:29:06.880> other 00:29:07.430 --> 00:29:07.440 align:start position:0% which indicates which other 00:29:07.440 --> 00:29:09.510 align:start position:0% which indicates which other subsystems<00:29:08.159> you<00:29:08.320> need<00:29:08.559> for<00:29:08.799> realizing<00:29:09.440> a 00:29:09.510 --> 00:29:09.520 align:start position:0% subsystems you need for realizing a 00:29:09.520 --> 00:29:10.710 align:start position:0% subsystems you need for realizing a certain<00:29:09.840> behavior 00:29:10.710 --> 00:29:10.720 align:start position:0% certain behavior 00:29:10.720 --> 00:29:13.269 align:start position:0% certain behavior and<00:29:10.880> usually<00:29:11.360> like<00:29:11.600> in<00:29:12.320> say<00:29:12.559> vision<00:29:12.880> control 00:29:13.269 --> 00:29:13.279 align:start position:0% and usually like in say vision control 00:29:13.279 --> 00:29:14.389 align:start position:0% and usually like in say vision control you<00:29:13.440> do<00:29:13.600> have 00:29:14.389 --> 00:29:14.399 align:start position:0% you do have 00:29:14.399 --> 00:29:17.510 align:start position:0% you do have one<00:29:15.279> motor<00:29:15.919> turning<00:29:16.480> in<00:29:16.720> your<00:29:17.120> and<00:29:17.200> the<00:29:17.360> other 00:29:17.510 --> 00:29:17.520 align:start position:0% one motor turning in your and the other 00:29:17.520 --> 00:29:18.549 align:start position:0% one motor turning in your and the other one<00:29:17.679> in<00:29:17.840> pan 00:29:18.549 --> 00:29:18.559 align:start position:0% one in pan 00:29:18.559 --> 00:29:20.870 align:start position:0% one in pan and<00:29:18.640> then<00:29:18.799> you<00:29:18.960> can<00:29:19.679> combine<00:29:20.159> this<00:29:20.480> in<00:29:20.640> order 00:29:20.870 --> 00:29:20.880 align:start position:0% and then you can combine this in order 00:29:20.880 --> 00:29:22.549 align:start position:0% and then you can combine this in order to<00:29:20.960> do<00:29:21.120> all<00:29:21.279> the<00:29:21.440> different<00:29:21.679> maneuvers<00:29:22.399> and 00:29:22.549 --> 00:29:22.559 align:start position:0% to do all the different maneuvers and 00:29:22.559 --> 00:29:24.870 align:start position:0% to do all the different maneuvers and circades<00:29:23.039> and<00:29:23.120> whatever<00:29:23.600> you<00:29:23.760> like 00:29:24.870 --> 00:29:24.880 align:start position:0% circades and whatever you like 00:29:24.880 --> 00:29:28.149 align:start position:0% circades and whatever you like and<00:29:25.279> you<00:29:25.840> asked<00:29:26.080> for<00:29:26.320> the<00:29:27.440> hierarchy<00:29:27.919> of<00:29:28.080> the 00:29:28.149 --> 00:29:28.159 align:start position:0% and you asked for the hierarchy of the 00:29:28.159 --> 00:29:29.190 align:start position:0% and you asked for the hierarchy of the system<00:29:28.559> this<00:29:28.799> is 00:29:29.190 --> 00:29:29.200 align:start position:0% system this is 00:29:29.200 --> 00:29:32.070 align:start position:0% system this is the<00:29:29.360> vision<00:29:29.679> system<00:29:30.559> so<00:29:30.720> first<00:29:31.039> we<00:29:31.200> do<00:29:31.679> feature 00:29:32.070 --> 00:29:32.080 align:start position:0% the vision system so first we do feature 00:29:32.080 --> 00:29:33.110 align:start position:0% the vision system so first we do feature extraction 00:29:33.110 --> 00:29:33.120 align:start position:0% extraction 00:29:33.120 --> 00:29:35.430 align:start position:0% extraction just<00:29:33.520> on<00:29:33.679> the<00:29:33.840> overall<00:29:34.240> image<00:29:34.559> without<00:29:35.279> any 00:29:35.430 --> 00:29:35.440 align:start position:0% just on the overall image without any 00:29:35.440 --> 00:29:36.870 align:start position:0% just on the overall image without any meaning<00:29:35.840> behind<00:29:36.159> it 00:29:36.870 --> 00:29:36.880 align:start position:0% meaning behind it 00:29:36.880 --> 00:29:39.990 align:start position:0% meaning behind it this<00:29:37.039> is<00:29:37.279> edges<00:29:37.679> and<00:29:37.840> corners<00:29:39.120> and<00:29:39.360> then 00:29:39.990 --> 00:29:40.000 align:start position:0% this is edges and corners and then 00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:43.269 align:start position:0% this is edges and corners and then we<00:29:40.720> immediately<00:29:41.520> jump<00:29:42.320> to<00:29:42.559> the<00:29:42.640> assumption<00:29:43.120> of 00:29:43.269 --> 00:29:43.279 align:start position:0% we immediately jump to the assumption of 00:29:43.279 --> 00:29:43.909 align:start position:0% we immediately jump to the assumption of objects 00:29:43.909 --> 00:29:43.919 align:start position:0% objects 00:29:43.919 --> 00:29:46.789 align:start position:0% objects and<00:29:44.080> motion<00:29:44.480> of<00:29:44.640> objects<00:29:45.039> and<00:29:45.120> then<00:29:45.279> we<00:29:45.440> can 00:29:46.789 --> 00:29:46.799 align:start position:0% and motion of objects and then we can 00:29:46.799 --> 00:29:48.310 align:start position:0% and motion of objects and then we can set<00:29:47.039> on<00:29:47.120> top<00:29:47.360> of<00:29:47.520> this 00:29:48.310 --> 00:29:48.320 align:start position:0% set on top of this 00:29:48.320 --> 00:29:50.230 align:start position:0% set on top of this looking<00:29:48.640> for<00:29:48.799> special<00:29:49.279> features<00:29:49.760> if<00:29:49.919> it<00:29:50.080> is 00:29:50.230 --> 00:29:50.240 align:start position:0% looking for special features if it is 00:29:50.240 --> 00:29:52.149 align:start position:0% looking for special features if it is this<00:29:50.399> type<00:29:50.640> of<00:29:50.799> object<00:29:51.200> i<00:29:51.360> should<00:29:51.679> see 00:29:52.149 --> 00:29:52.159 align:start position:0% this type of object i should see 00:29:52.159 --> 00:29:53.510 align:start position:0% this type of object i should see and<00:29:52.240> then<00:29:52.399> we<00:29:52.559> look<00:29:52.720> for<00:29:52.880> that<00:29:53.039> and<00:29:53.200> either<00:29:53.440> you 00:29:53.510 --> 00:29:53.520 align:start position:0% and then we look for that and either you 00:29:53.520 --> 00:29:55.269 align:start position:0% and then we look for that and either you see<00:29:53.679> the<00:29:54.080> udon 00:29:55.269 --> 00:29:55.279 align:start position:0% see the udon 00:29:55.279 --> 00:29:58.149 align:start position:0% see the udon and<00:29:55.440> then<00:29:55.600> we<00:29:56.080> write<00:29:56.720> the<00:29:57.200> spatial<00:29:57.679> temporal 00:29:58.149 --> 00:29:58.159 align:start position:0% and then we write the spatial temporal 00:29:58.159 --> 00:29:59.350 align:start position:0% and then we write the spatial temporal coordinates 00:29:59.350 --> 00:29:59.360 align:start position:0% coordinates 00:29:59.360 --> 00:30:02.389 align:start position:0% coordinates in<00:29:59.520> this<00:30:00.480> uh<00:30:00.799> what<00:30:00.960> we<00:30:01.120> call<00:30:01.360> dynamic<00:30:02.000> object 00:30:02.389 --> 00:30:02.399 align:start position:0% in this uh what we call dynamic object 00:30:02.399 --> 00:30:03.750 align:start position:0% in this uh what we call dynamic object base 00:30:03.750 --> 00:30:03.760 align:start position:0% base 00:30:03.760 --> 00:30:06.870 align:start position:0% base and<00:30:04.080> here<00:30:04.480> is<00:30:04.720> all<00:30:04.880> the<00:30:05.039> information<00:30:06.000> on<00:30:06.240> the 00:30:06.870 --> 00:30:06.880 align:start position:0% and here is all the information on the 00:30:06.880 --> 00:30:09.510 align:start position:0% and here is all the information on the on<00:30:06.960> the<00:30:07.200> objects<00:30:08.159> which<00:30:08.480> are<00:30:08.640> relevant<00:30:09.279> for 00:30:09.510 --> 00:30:09.520 align:start position:0% on the objects which are relevant for 00:30:09.520 --> 00:30:11.190 align:start position:0% on the objects which are relevant for the<00:30:09.679> tasks<00:30:10.000> you<00:30:10.080> have<00:30:10.240> to<00:30:10.399> solve 00:30:11.190 --> 00:30:11.200 align:start position:0% the tasks you have to solve 00:30:11.200 --> 00:30:13.750 align:start position:0% the tasks you have to solve and<00:30:11.440> of<00:30:11.600> course<00:30:11.919> the<00:30:12.159> data<00:30:12.480> you<00:30:12.640> have<00:30:12.880> to<00:30:13.600> to 00:30:13.750 --> 00:30:13.760 align:start position:0% and of course the data you have to to 00:30:13.760 --> 00:30:14.549 align:start position:0% and of course the data you have to to handle 00:30:14.549 --> 00:30:14.559 align:start position:0% handle 00:30:14.559 --> 00:30:16.710 align:start position:0% handle is<00:30:14.799> two<00:30:15.039> to<00:30:15.200> three<00:30:15.440> orders<00:30:15.760> of<00:30:15.840> memory<00:30:16.159> to<00:30:16.399> less 00:30:16.710 --> 00:30:16.720 align:start position:0% is two to three orders of memory to less 00:30:16.720 --> 00:30:17.909 align:start position:0% is two to three orders of memory to less than<00:30:16.880> in<00:30:16.960> the<00:30:17.120> image<00:30:17.360> plane 00:30:17.909 --> 00:30:17.919 align:start position:0% than in the image plane 00:30:17.919 --> 00:30:21.190 align:start position:0% than in the image plane down<00:30:18.159> here<00:30:19.279> and<00:30:20.000> on<00:30:20.159> top<00:30:20.399> of<00:30:20.559> this 00:30:21.190 --> 00:30:21.200 align:start position:0% down here and on top of this 00:30:21.200 --> 00:30:22.950 align:start position:0% down here and on top of this there<00:30:21.520> is<00:30:21.760> the<00:30:21.919> situation<00:30:22.480> understanding 00:30:22.950 --> 00:30:22.960 align:start position:0% there is the situation understanding 00:30:22.960 --> 00:30:25.029 align:start position:0% there is the situation understanding level<00:30:23.760> it<00:30:24.000> looks<00:30:24.320> at<00:30:24.559> the 00:30:25.029 --> 00:30:25.039 align:start position:0% level it looks at the 00:30:25.039 --> 00:30:28.549 align:start position:0% level it looks at the combination<00:30:25.760> of<00:30:26.880> objects<00:30:27.679> or<00:30:27.919> subjects<00:30:28.399> we 00:30:28.549 --> 00:30:28.559 align:start position:0% combination of objects or subjects we 00:30:28.559 --> 00:30:29.430 align:start position:0% combination of objects or subjects we call<00:30:28.720> a 00:30:29.430 --> 00:30:29.440 align:start position:0% call a 00:30:29.440 --> 00:30:31.909 align:start position:0% call a an<00:30:29.600> object<00:30:29.919> which<00:30:30.159> is<00:30:30.320> able<00:30:30.559> to<00:30:31.440> sense<00:30:31.760> the 00:30:31.909 --> 00:30:31.919 align:start position:0% an object which is able to sense the 00:30:31.919 --> 00:30:32.470 align:start position:0% an object which is able to sense the world 00:30:32.470 --> 00:30:32.480 align:start position:0% world 00:30:32.480 --> 00:30:35.590 align:start position:0% world and<00:30:32.720> do<00:30:33.440> action<00:30:34.080> according<00:30:34.559> to<00:30:34.720> what<00:30:34.880> it's 00:30:35.590 --> 00:30:35.600 align:start position:0% and do action according to what it's 00:30:35.600 --> 00:30:38.789 align:start position:0% and do action according to what it's it's<00:30:35.840> sensed<00:30:36.480> this<00:30:36.640> we<00:30:36.799> call<00:30:37.039> a<00:30:37.120> subject<00:30:38.080> and 00:30:38.789 --> 00:30:38.799 align:start position:0% it's sensed this we call a subject and 00:30:38.799 --> 00:30:41.430 align:start position:0% it's sensed this we call a subject and of<00:30:38.960> course<00:30:39.279> we<00:30:39.520> assume<00:30:40.000> that<00:30:40.159> we<00:30:40.320> do<00:30:40.559> know<00:30:41.039> uh 00:30:41.430 --> 00:30:41.440 align:start position:0% of course we assume that we do know uh 00:30:41.440 --> 00:30:43.269 align:start position:0% of course we assume that we do know uh reasonable<00:30:42.000> behaviors<00:30:42.480> of<00:30:42.559> other<00:30:42.799> subjects 00:30:43.269 --> 00:30:43.279 align:start position:0% reasonable behaviors of other subjects 00:30:43.279 --> 00:30:43.909 align:start position:0% reasonable behaviors of other subjects see 00:30:43.909 --> 00:30:43.919 align:start position:0% see 00:30:43.919 --> 00:30:45.590 align:start position:0% see they<00:30:44.080> would<00:30:44.320> they<00:30:44.480> want<00:30:44.640> to<00:30:44.720> survive<00:30:45.279> and<00:30:45.440> they 00:30:45.590 --> 00:30:45.600 align:start position:0% they would they want to survive and they 00:30:45.600 --> 00:30:47.269 align:start position:0% they would they want to survive and they behave<00:30:45.919> essentially<00:30:46.399> like<00:30:46.720> like<00:30:46.880> i 00:30:47.269 --> 00:30:47.279 align:start position:0% behave essentially like like i 00:30:47.279 --> 00:30:49.510 align:start position:0% behave essentially like like i control<00:30:47.760> my<00:30:48.000> car<00:30:48.640> so<00:30:48.799> this<00:30:48.960> is<00:30:49.120> being<00:30:49.360> done 00:30:49.510 --> 00:30:49.520 align:start position:0% control my car so this is being done 00:30:49.520 --> 00:30:51.830 align:start position:0% control my car so this is being done here<00:30:50.159> and<00:30:50.320> the<00:30:50.399> overall<00:30:50.880> control<00:30:51.279> system 00:30:51.830 --> 00:30:51.840 align:start position:0% here and the overall control system 00:30:51.840 --> 00:30:53.750 align:start position:0% here and the overall control system that's<00:30:52.159> how<00:30:52.320> it's<00:30:52.480> called<00:30:52.880> in<00:30:53.039> in<00:30:53.200> the<00:30:53.520> in<00:30:53.600> the 00:30:53.750 --> 00:30:53.760 align:start position:0% that's how it's called in in the in the 00:30:53.760 --> 00:30:55.909 align:start position:0% that's how it's called in in the in the loop<00:30:54.480> the<00:30:54.640> overall<00:30:54.960> control<00:30:55.360> system<00:30:55.679> looks 00:30:55.909 --> 00:30:55.919 align:start position:0% loop the overall control system looks 00:30:55.919 --> 00:30:57.590 align:start position:0% loop the overall control system looks like<00:30:56.080> this 00:30:57.590 --> 00:30:57.600 align:start position:0% like this 00:30:57.600 --> 00:31:02.710 align:start position:0% like this so<00:30:57.760> we<00:30:57.840> do<00:30:58.000> have<00:30:58.159> vision<00:30:58.480> control<00:30:59.600> which<00:30:59.919> is<00:31:00.240> um 00:31:02.710 --> 00:31:02.720 align:start position:0% 00:31:02.720 --> 00:31:06.310 align:start position:0% with<00:31:02.960> multiple<00:31:03.360> cameras<00:31:03.760> usually<00:31:05.440> um 00:31:06.310 --> 00:31:06.320 align:start position:0% with multiple cameras usually um 00:31:06.320 --> 00:31:08.389 align:start position:0% with multiple cameras usually um here<00:31:06.799> is<00:31:07.039> the<00:31:07.200> capabilities<00:31:07.840> of<00:31:08.000> the<00:31:08.080> vision 00:31:08.389 --> 00:31:08.399 align:start position:0% here is the capabilities of the vision 00:31:08.399 --> 00:31:10.389 align:start position:0% here is the capabilities of the vision system<00:31:08.720> capabilities<00:31:09.360> of<00:31:09.440> the<00:31:09.600> vehicle 00:31:10.389 --> 00:31:10.399 align:start position:0% system capabilities of the vehicle 00:31:10.399 --> 00:31:13.110 align:start position:0% system capabilities of the vehicle this<00:31:10.640> is<00:31:10.799> the<00:31:10.960> hardware<00:31:11.360> of<00:31:11.440> the<00:31:11.600> vehicle<00:31:12.480> and 00:31:13.110 --> 00:31:13.120 align:start position:0% this is the hardware of the vehicle and 00:31:13.120 --> 00:31:13.590 align:start position:0% this is the hardware of the vehicle and based 00:31:13.590 --> 00:31:13.600 align:start position:0% based 00:31:13.600 --> 00:31:16.870 align:start position:0% based on<00:31:13.760> the<00:31:15.279> collection<00:31:15.840> of 00:31:16.870 --> 00:31:16.880 align:start position:0% on the collection of 00:31:16.880 --> 00:31:19.269 align:start position:0% on the collection of sense<00:31:17.200> data<00:31:18.080> we<00:31:18.240> come<00:31:18.399> to<00:31:18.559> the<00:31:18.640> conclusion<00:31:19.120> of 00:31:19.269 --> 00:31:19.279 align:start position:0% sense data we come to the conclusion of 00:31:19.279 --> 00:31:20.230 align:start position:0% sense data we come to the conclusion of a<00:31:19.360> situation 00:31:20.230 --> 00:31:20.240 align:start position:0% a situation 00:31:20.240 --> 00:31:22.470 align:start position:0% a situation we<00:31:20.399> do<00:31:20.640> have<00:31:20.720> a<00:31:20.799> mission<00:31:21.200> element<00:31:21.519> over<00:31:21.760> here 00:31:22.470 --> 00:31:22.480 align:start position:0% we do have a mission element over here 00:31:22.480 --> 00:31:24.710 align:start position:0% we do have a mission element over here and<00:31:22.640> then<00:31:23.120> there<00:31:23.360> is<00:31:23.600> the<00:31:23.760> decision<00:31:24.240> for<00:31:24.480> gaze 00:31:24.710 --> 00:31:24.720 align:start position:0% and then there is the decision for gaze 00:31:24.720 --> 00:31:26.310 align:start position:0% and then there is the decision for gaze control<00:31:25.200> and<00:31:25.279> the<00:31:25.440> decision<00:31:25.919> for 00:31:26.310 --> 00:31:26.320 align:start position:0% control and the decision for 00:31:26.320 --> 00:31:28.630 align:start position:0% control and the decision for vehicle<00:31:26.720> control<00:31:27.600> and<00:31:27.760> this<00:31:27.919> is<00:31:28.080> the<00:31:28.240> loan<00:31:28.559> and 00:31:28.630 --> 00:31:28.640 align:start position:0% vehicle control and this is the loan and 00:31:28.640 --> 00:31:30.230 align:start position:0% vehicle control and this is the loan and there's<00:31:28.880> of<00:31:29.039> course<00:31:29.200> an<00:31:29.440> overall<00:31:29.760> goal<00:31:30.080> which 00:31:30.230 --> 00:31:30.240 align:start position:0% there's of course an overall goal which 00:31:30.240 --> 00:31:33.110 align:start position:0% there's of course an overall goal which i<00:31:30.320> have<00:31:30.480> to<00:31:30.840> achieve 00:31:33.110 --> 00:31:33.120 align:start position:0% i have to achieve 00:31:33.120 --> 00:31:35.509 align:start position:0% i have to achieve this<00:31:33.360> one<00:31:33.679> shows<00:31:34.480> the<00:31:34.640> number<00:31:34.880> of<00:31:35.039> feedback 00:31:35.509 --> 00:31:35.519 align:start position:0% this one shows the number of feedback 00:31:35.519 --> 00:31:36.710 align:start position:0% this one shows the number of feedback loops 00:31:36.710 --> 00:31:36.720 align:start position:0% loops 00:31:36.720 --> 00:31:40.789 align:start position:0% loops it's<00:31:36.960> more<00:31:38.399> well<00:31:39.600> just<00:31:39.919> an 00:31:40.789 --> 00:31:40.799 align:start position:0% it's more well just an 00:31:40.799 --> 00:31:44.870 align:start position:0% it's more well just an abstract<00:31:41.279> representation<00:31:43.200> which<00:31:43.519> we<00:31:43.679> close 00:31:44.870 --> 00:31:44.880 align:start position:0% abstract representation which we close 00:31:44.880 --> 00:31:46.789 align:start position:0% abstract representation which we close and<00:31:45.360> it's<00:31:45.519> half<00:31:45.679> a<00:31:45.760> dozen<00:31:46.000> about<00:31:46.159> half<00:31:46.399> a<00:31:46.480> dozen 00:31:46.789 --> 00:31:46.799 align:start position:0% and it's half a dozen about half a dozen 00:31:46.799 --> 00:31:48.470 align:start position:0% and it's half a dozen about half a dozen on<00:31:46.960> the<00:31:47.039> different<00:31:47.360> levels<00:31:47.840> both<00:31:48.080> in<00:31:48.159> image 00:31:48.470 --> 00:31:48.480 align:start position:0% on the different levels both in image 00:31:48.480 --> 00:31:50.149 align:start position:0% on the different levels both in image processing<00:31:48.960> and<00:31:49.039> feature<00:31:49.360> extraction 00:31:50.149 --> 00:31:50.159 align:start position:0% processing and feature extraction 00:31:50.159 --> 00:31:53.430 align:start position:0% processing and feature extraction in<00:31:50.320> feature<00:31:51.039> interpretation<00:31:52.240> in<00:31:53.039> object 00:31:53.430 --> 00:31:53.440 align:start position:0% in feature interpretation in object 00:31:53.440 --> 00:31:54.630 align:start position:0% in feature interpretation in object control 00:31:54.630 --> 00:31:54.640 align:start position:0% control 00:31:54.640 --> 00:31:58.070 align:start position:0% control and<00:31:55.919> stabilizat<00:31:56.799> stabilizing<00:31:57.519> the 00:31:58.070 --> 00:31:58.080 align:start position:0% and stabilizat stabilizing the 00:31:58.080 --> 00:32:00.470 align:start position:0% and stabilizat stabilizing the interpretation<00:31:58.720> of<00:31:58.880> the<00:31:58.960> situation<00:32:00.159> so<00:32:00.320> this 00:32:00.470 --> 00:32:00.480 align:start position:0% interpretation of the situation so this 00:32:00.480 --> 00:32:03.590 align:start position:0% interpretation of the situation so this is<00:32:00.640> very<00:32:00.799> essential<00:32:01.279> to<00:32:01.360> do<00:32:01.519> this 00:32:03.590 --> 00:32:03.600 align:start position:0% is very essential to do this 00:32:03.600 --> 00:32:05.190 align:start position:0% is very essential to do this well<00:32:03.840> i<00:32:03.919> think<00:32:04.080> that's<00:32:04.399> that's<00:32:04.559> about<00:32:04.880> it<00:32:05.039> more 00:32:05.190 --> 00:32:05.200 align:start position:0% well i think that's that's about it more 00:32:05.200 --> 00:32:06.950 align:start position:0% well i think that's that's about it more than<00:32:05.360> a<00:32:05.440> minute<00:32:06.000> okay 00:32:06.950 --> 00:32:06.960 align:start position:0% than a minute okay 00:32:06.960 --> 00:32:09.990 align:start position:0% than a minute okay yeah<00:32:07.679> that<00:32:07.840> was<00:32:07.919> very<00:32:08.080> helpful<00:32:08.559> um<00:32:09.600> so<00:32:09.919> in 00:32:09.990 --> 00:32:10.000 align:start position:0% yeah that was very helpful um so in 00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:12.870 align:start position:0% yeah that was very helpful um so in terms<00:32:10.320> of 00:32:12.870 --> 00:32:12.880 align:start position:0% 00:32:12.880 --> 00:32:15.590 align:start position:0% other<00:32:13.039> kinds<00:32:13.279> of<00:32:13.440> applications<00:32:14.080> so<00:32:14.240> how<00:32:15.360> how 00:32:15.590 --> 00:32:15.600 align:start position:0% other kinds of applications so how how 00:32:15.600 --> 00:32:17.430 align:start position:0% other kinds of applications so how how robust<00:32:16.080> is<00:32:16.240> that<00:32:16.399> methodology<00:32:17.200> would<00:32:17.360> you 00:32:17.430 --> 00:32:17.440 align:start position:0% robust is that methodology would you 00:32:17.440 --> 00:32:18.789 align:start position:0% robust is that methodology would you think<00:32:17.679> for<00:32:17.840> say<00:32:18.159> a 00:32:18.789 --> 00:32:18.799 align:start position:0% think for say a 00:32:18.799 --> 00:32:20.630 align:start position:0% think for say a a<00:32:18.960> robot<00:32:19.360> that<00:32:19.519> wanted<00:32:19.760> to<00:32:19.919> walk<00:32:20.240> through<00:32:20.480> a 00:32:20.630 --> 00:32:20.640 align:start position:0% a robot that wanted to walk through a 00:32:20.640 --> 00:32:22.389 align:start position:0% a robot that wanted to walk through a crowded<00:32:21.440> plaza 00:32:22.389 --> 00:32:22.399 align:start position:0% crowded plaza 00:32:22.399 --> 00:32:24.149 align:start position:0% crowded plaza instead<00:32:22.720> of<00:32:22.960> drive<00:32:23.279> down<00:32:23.519> a<00:32:23.600> road<00:32:23.840> because<00:32:24.000> on 00:32:24.149 --> 00:32:24.159 align:start position:0% instead of drive down a road because on 00:32:24.159 --> 00:32:26.230 align:start position:0% instead of drive down a road because on a<00:32:24.240> road<00:32:24.480> you<00:32:24.640> have<00:32:25.200> rules<00:32:25.600> that<00:32:25.840> you<00:32:25.919> know<00:32:26.080> you 00:32:26.230 --> 00:32:26.240 align:start position:0% a road you have rules that you know you 00:32:26.240 --> 00:32:27.029 align:start position:0% a road you have rules that you know you stay<00:32:26.399> on<00:32:26.480> the<00:32:26.640> right 00:32:27.029 --> 00:32:27.039 align:start position:0% stay on the right 00:32:27.039 --> 00:32:29.029 align:start position:0% stay on the right there's<00:32:27.360> traffic<00:32:27.760> signals<00:32:28.240> no<00:32:28.399> i<00:32:28.480> think<00:32:28.720> it's 00:32:29.029 --> 00:32:29.039 align:start position:0% there's traffic signals no i think it's 00:32:29.039 --> 00:32:30.149 align:start position:0% there's traffic signals no i think it's it's 00:32:30.149 --> 00:32:30.159 align:start position:0% it's 00:32:30.159 --> 00:32:33.430 align:start position:0% it's completely<00:32:30.960> applicable<00:32:32.159> and<00:32:32.799> as<00:32:32.960> far<00:32:33.120> as<00:32:33.279> i 00:32:33.430 --> 00:32:33.440 align:start position:0% completely applicable and as far as i 00:32:33.440 --> 00:32:34.389 align:start position:0% completely applicable and as far as i can<00:32:33.600> see<00:32:33.919> it's 00:32:34.389 --> 00:32:34.399 align:start position:0% can see it's 00:32:34.399 --> 00:32:36.789 align:start position:0% can see it's the<00:32:34.559> best<00:32:34.799> method<00:32:35.120> available<00:32:35.760> to<00:32:36.080> do<00:32:36.320> any<00:32:36.559> kind 00:32:36.789 --> 00:32:36.799 align:start position:0% the best method available to do any kind 00:32:36.799 --> 00:32:39.350 align:start position:0% the best method available to do any kind of<00:32:37.200> control<00:32:37.679> tasks<00:32:38.000> of<00:32:38.080> mobile<00:32:38.399> systems 00:32:39.350 --> 00:32:39.360 align:start position:0% of control tasks of mobile systems 00:32:39.360 --> 00:32:41.830 align:start position:0% of control tasks of mobile systems we<00:32:39.519> did<00:32:39.760> applications<00:32:40.640> in<00:32:40.880> satellite<00:32:41.360> talking 00:32:41.830 --> 00:32:41.840 align:start position:0% we did applications in satellite talking 00:32:41.840 --> 00:32:43.990 align:start position:0% we did applications in satellite talking applications<00:32:42.559> in<00:32:42.720> aircraft<00:32:43.200> landing 00:32:43.990 --> 00:32:44.000 align:start position:0% applications in aircraft landing 00:32:44.000 --> 00:32:46.950 align:start position:0% applications in aircraft landing i<00:32:44.159> can<00:32:44.320> show<00:32:44.559> you<00:32:44.799> we've<00:32:45.039> been<00:32:46.159> recognizing 00:32:46.950 --> 00:32:46.960 align:start position:0% i can show you we've been recognizing 00:32:46.960 --> 00:32:49.190 align:start position:0% i can show you we've been recognizing the<00:32:47.120> relative<00:32:47.600> position<00:32:48.000> to<00:32:48.159> a<00:32:48.320> runway<00:32:48.799> within 00:32:49.190 --> 00:32:49.200 align:start position:0% the relative position to a runway within 00:32:49.200 --> 00:32:50.310 align:start position:0% the relative position to a runway within a<00:32:49.360> real<00:32:49.679> flight 00:32:50.310 --> 00:32:50.320 align:start position:0% a real flight 00:32:50.320 --> 00:32:55.190 align:start position:0% a real flight in<00:32:51.000> 1991<00:32:53.039> with<00:32:53.279> experiments<00:32:53.760> in<00:32:53.919> bronze<00:32:54.240> week 00:32:55.190 --> 00:32:55.200 align:start position:0% in 1991 with experiments in bronze week 00:32:55.200 --> 00:32:56.950 align:start position:0% in 1991 with experiments in bronze week and<00:32:55.679> in<00:32:55.919> the<00:32:56.240> hardware<00:32:56.559> and<00:32:56.640> the<00:32:56.720> loop 00:32:56.950 --> 00:32:56.960 align:start position:0% and in the hardware and the loop 00:32:56.960 --> 00:32:59.509 align:start position:0% and in the hardware and the loop simulations<00:32:58.000> we<00:32:58.159> did 00:32:59.509 --> 00:32:59.519 align:start position:0% simulations we did 00:32:59.519 --> 00:33:02.230 align:start position:0% simulations we did helicopter<00:33:00.080> control<00:33:01.360> around<00:33:01.679> the<00:33:01.760> airport<00:33:02.159> of 00:33:02.230 --> 00:33:02.240 align:start position:0% helicopter control around the airport of 00:33:02.240 --> 00:33:03.350 align:start position:0% helicopter control around the airport of brunswick 00:33:03.350 --> 00:33:03.360 align:start position:0% brunswick 00:33:03.360 --> 00:33:05.590 align:start position:0% brunswick with<00:33:03.679> different<00:33:04.080> aspects<00:33:04.799> and<00:33:05.120> finally 00:33:05.590 --> 00:33:05.600 align:start position:0% with different aspects and finally 00:33:05.600 --> 00:33:07.830 align:start position:0% with different aspects and finally landing<00:33:06.159> on<00:33:06.320> top<00:33:06.559> of<00:33:06.640> the<00:33:06.799> helicopter<00:33:07.519> age 00:33:07.830 --> 00:33:07.840 align:start position:0% landing on top of the helicopter age 00:33:07.840 --> 00:33:09.430 align:start position:0% landing on top of the helicopter age this 00:33:09.430 --> 00:33:09.440 align:start position:0% this 00:33:09.440 --> 00:33:12.389 align:start position:0% this marked<00:33:09.840> on<00:33:10.159> on<00:33:10.320> one<00:33:10.559> of<00:33:10.640> the<00:33:10.960> the<00:33:11.120> taxiways<00:33:12.080> so 00:33:12.389 --> 00:33:12.399 align:start position:0% marked on on one of the the taxiways so 00:33:12.399 --> 00:33:12.789 align:start position:0% marked on on one of the the taxiways so it 00:33:12.789 --> 00:33:12.799 align:start position:0% it 00:33:12.799 --> 00:33:15.909 align:start position:0% it recognized<00:33:13.519> it<00:33:14.480> maneuvered<00:33:15.120> to<00:33:15.360> it 00:33:15.909 --> 00:33:15.919 align:start position:0% recognized it maneuvered to it 00:33:15.919 --> 00:33:19.669 align:start position:0% recognized it maneuvered to it hovered<00:33:16.320> above<00:33:16.640> it<00:33:16.799> and<00:33:16.960> then<00:33:18.399> came<00:33:18.640> to<00:33:18.799> a<00:33:18.799> stop 00:33:19.669 --> 00:33:19.679 align:start position:0% hovered above it and then came to a stop 00:33:19.679 --> 00:33:22.310 align:start position:0% hovered above it and then came to a stop and<00:33:19.840> if<00:33:20.000> you<00:33:20.080> do<00:33:20.240> have<00:33:21.600> of<00:33:21.679> course<00:33:21.919> if<00:33:22.080> you<00:33:22.159> do 00:33:22.310 --> 00:33:22.320 align:start position:0% and if you do have of course if you do 00:33:22.320 --> 00:33:22.950 align:start position:0% and if you do have of course if you do have<00:33:22.480> many 00:33:22.950 --> 00:33:22.960 align:start position:0% have many 00:33:22.960 --> 00:33:26.789 align:start position:0% have many objects<00:33:23.679> moving<00:33:24.880> well<00:33:25.760> not<00:33:25.919> so<00:33:26.159> nicely<00:33:26.559> like 00:33:26.789 --> 00:33:26.799 align:start position:0% objects moving well not so nicely like 00:33:26.799 --> 00:33:28.230 align:start position:0% objects moving well not so nicely like usually<00:33:27.200> cars<00:33:27.519> do 00:33:28.230 --> 00:33:28.240 align:start position:0% usually cars do 00:33:28.240 --> 00:33:31.669 align:start position:0% usually cars do but<00:33:28.480> more<00:33:28.640> erratic<00:33:29.360> like<00:33:30.559> like 00:33:31.669 --> 00:33:31.679 align:start position:0% but more erratic like like 00:33:31.679 --> 00:33:35.350 align:start position:0% but more erratic like like pedestrians<00:33:33.760> you<00:33:33.919> need<00:33:34.159> computing<00:33:34.559> power 00:33:35.350 --> 00:33:35.360 align:start position:0% pedestrians you need computing power 00:33:35.360 --> 00:33:37.750 align:start position:0% pedestrians you need computing power we<00:33:35.519> started<00:33:35.919> looking<00:33:36.240> at<00:33:36.559> pedestrians<00:33:37.279> in<00:33:37.600> the 00:33:37.750 --> 00:33:37.760 align:start position:0% we started looking at pedestrians in the 00:33:37.760 --> 00:33:39.990 align:start position:0% we started looking at pedestrians in the early<00:33:38.080> 90s<00:33:38.720> but<00:33:38.960> at<00:33:39.039> that<00:33:39.279> time<00:33:39.519> we<00:33:39.679> were<00:33:39.840> not 00:33:39.990 --> 00:33:40.000 align:start position:0% early 90s but at that time we were not 00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:41.830 align:start position:0% early 90s but at that time we were not able<00:33:40.240> to<00:33:40.320> do<00:33:40.480> it<00:33:40.640> in<00:33:40.720> real<00:33:40.960> time 00:33:41.830 --> 00:33:41.840 align:start position:0% able to do it in real time 00:33:41.840 --> 00:33:45.110 align:start position:0% able to do it in real time so<00:33:42.159> i<00:33:42.240> do<00:33:42.399> have<00:33:42.640> a<00:33:43.120> video<00:33:43.360> film<00:33:43.679> showing<00:33:44.000> this 00:33:45.110 --> 00:33:45.120 align:start position:0% so i do have a video film showing this 00:33:45.120 --> 00:33:48.389 align:start position:0% so i do have a video film showing this but<00:33:45.840> since<00:33:46.279> 1990<00:33:47.840> to<00:33:48.000> now 00:33:48.389 --> 00:33:48.399 align:start position:0% but since 1990 to now 00:33:48.399 --> 00:33:50.950 align:start position:0% but since 1990 to now it's<00:33:48.559> four<00:33:48.880> it's<00:33:49.039> two<00:33:49.279> decades<00:33:49.840> it's<00:33:50.159> four 00:33:50.950 --> 00:33:50.960 align:start position:0% it's four it's two decades it's four 00:33:50.960 --> 00:33:51.990 align:start position:0% it's four it's two decades it's four times<00:33:51.360> 5<00:33:51.679> so 00:33:51.990 --> 00:33:52.000 align:start position:0% times 5 so 00:33:52.000 --> 00:33:55.669 align:start position:0% times 5 so 10<00:33:52.720> to<00:33:52.880> the<00:33:53.120> 4<00:33:54.159> is<00:33:54.320> the<00:33:54.640> increase<00:33:55.039> in<00:33:55.200> computing 00:33:55.669 --> 00:33:55.679 align:start position:0% 10 to the 4 is the increase in computing 00:33:55.679 --> 00:33:57.509 align:start position:0% 10 to the 4 is the increase in computing power<00:33:56.000> available<00:33:56.480> now 00:33:57.509 --> 00:33:57.519 align:start position:0% power available now 00:33:57.519 --> 00:33:59.909 align:start position:0% power available now so<00:33:57.679> i'm<00:33:58.399> pretty<00:33:58.640> sure<00:33:58.799> we<00:33:58.960> could<00:33:59.039> do<00:33:59.200> it<00:33:59.279> now<00:33:59.760> in 00:33:59.909 --> 00:33:59.919 align:start position:0% so i'm pretty sure we could do it now in 00:33:59.919 --> 00:34:01.029 align:start position:0% so i'm pretty sure we could do it now in real<00:34:00.159> time 00:34:01.029 --> 00:34:01.039 align:start position:0% real time 00:34:01.039 --> 00:34:06.230 align:start position:0% real time with<00:34:01.919> a<00:34:02.000> dozen<00:34:03.360> other<00:34:03.600> subjects<00:34:04.000> or<00:34:04.840> objects 00:34:06.230 --> 00:34:06.240 align:start position:0% with a dozen other subjects or objects 00:34:06.240 --> 00:34:08.230 align:start position:0% with a dozen other subjects or objects but<00:34:06.480> of<00:34:06.559> course<00:34:06.880> the<00:34:07.200> the<00:34:07.360> difficult<00:34:07.840> tasks 00:34:08.230 --> 00:34:08.240 align:start position:0% but of course the the difficult tasks 00:34:08.240 --> 00:34:09.589 align:start position:0% but of course the the difficult tasks and<00:34:08.399> there<00:34:08.639> we<00:34:08.720> do<00:34:08.879> have 00:34:09.589 --> 00:34:09.599 align:start position:0% and there we do have 00:34:09.599 --> 00:34:11.109 align:start position:0% and there we do have did<00:34:09.760> have<00:34:10.000> quite<00:34:10.159> a<00:34:10.240> bit<00:34:10.320> of<00:34:10.399> discussion<00:34:10.879> with 00:34:11.109 --> 00:34:11.119 align:start position:0% did have quite a bit of discussion with 00:34:11.119 --> 00:34:13.270 align:start position:0% did have quite a bit of discussion with the<00:34:12.240> industry 00:34:13.270 --> 00:34:13.280 align:start position:0% the industry 00:34:13.280 --> 00:34:16.230 align:start position:0% the industry what<00:34:13.599> are<00:34:13.839> the<00:34:14.079> proper<00:34:14.560> sensors<00:34:15.679> in<00:34:15.839> order<00:34:16.079> to 00:34:16.230 --> 00:34:16.240 align:start position:0% what are the proper sensors in order to 00:34:16.240 --> 00:34:17.109 align:start position:0% what are the proper sensors in order to do<00:34:16.399> this 00:34:17.109 --> 00:34:17.119 align:start position:0% do this 00:34:17.119 --> 00:34:20.310 align:start position:0% do this should<00:34:17.359> you<00:34:17.520> have<00:34:18.320> 20<00:34:18.720> or<00:34:18.879> 40<00:34:19.679> cameras<00:34:20.079> around 00:34:20.310 --> 00:34:20.320 align:start position:0% should you have 20 or 40 cameras around 00:34:20.320 --> 00:34:20.950 align:start position:0% should you have 20 or 40 cameras around the<00:34:20.480> vehicle 00:34:20.950 --> 00:34:20.960 align:start position:0% the vehicle 00:34:20.960 --> 00:34:24.470 align:start position:0% the vehicle or<00:34:21.599> should<00:34:21.760> you<00:34:22.560> develop<00:34:22.960> a<00:34:23.040> system<00:34:23.520> like 00:34:24.470 --> 00:34:24.480 align:start position:0% or should you develop a system like 00:34:24.480 --> 00:34:28.950 align:start position:0% or should you develop a system like the<00:34:26.240> like<00:34:26.480> biology<00:34:27.040> did 00:34:28.950 --> 00:34:28.960 align:start position:0% the like biology did 00:34:28.960 --> 00:34:33.349 align:start position:0% the like biology did moving<00:34:30.159> the<00:34:30.320> hair<00:34:30.879> and<00:34:31.679> moving<00:34:32.000> the<00:34:32.240> eyes 00:34:33.349 --> 00:34:33.359 align:start position:0% moving the hair and moving the eyes 00:34:33.359 --> 00:34:35.750 align:start position:0% moving the hair and moving the eyes and<00:34:33.599> we<00:34:33.760> came<00:34:34.000> to<00:34:34.079> the<00:34:34.240> conclusion<00:34:34.960> that<00:34:35.440> maybe 00:34:35.750 --> 00:34:35.760 align:start position:0% and we came to the conclusion that maybe 00:34:35.760 --> 00:34:39.030 align:start position:0% and we came to the conclusion that maybe the<00:34:35.839> best<00:34:36.079> compromise<00:34:36.639> you<00:34:36.800> can<00:34:36.960> find<00:34:37.359> is 00:34:39.030 --> 00:34:39.040 align:start position:0% the best compromise you can find is 00:34:39.040 --> 00:34:43.270 align:start position:0% the best compromise you can find is having<00:34:40.079> fixed<00:34:41.919> focus<00:34:42.320> systems<00:34:42.960> but 00:34:43.270 --> 00:34:43.280 align:start position:0% having fixed focus systems but 00:34:43.280 --> 00:34:45.829 align:start position:0% having fixed focus systems but three<00:34:43.520> to<00:34:43.679> four<00:34:43.919> cameras<00:34:44.399> in<00:34:44.480> conjunction<00:34:45.679> and 00:34:45.829 --> 00:34:45.839 align:start position:0% three to four cameras in conjunction and 00:34:45.839 --> 00:34:47.829 align:start position:0% three to four cameras in conjunction and then<00:34:46.079> do<00:34:46.240> gaze<00:34:46.560> control 00:34:47.829 --> 00:34:47.839 align:start position:0% then do gaze control 00:34:47.839 --> 00:34:51.750 align:start position:0% then do gaze control in<00:34:48.079> two<00:34:49.040> angular<00:34:49.440> directions 00:34:51.750 --> 00:34:51.760 align:start position:0% in two angular directions 00:34:51.760 --> 00:34:54.869 align:start position:0% in two angular directions and<00:34:52.000> by<00:34:52.159> this<00:34:52.879> we<00:34:53.119> say<00:34:53.679> maybe<00:34:53.919> 120<00:34:54.560> degrees 00:34:54.869 --> 00:34:54.879 align:start position:0% and by this we say maybe 120 degrees 00:34:54.879 --> 00:34:56.710 align:start position:0% and by this we say maybe 120 degrees under<00:34:55.119> 30<00:34:55.440> degrees<00:34:55.839> viewing<00:34:56.159> range<00:34:56.399> should<00:34:56.560> be 00:34:56.710 --> 00:34:56.720 align:start position:0% under 30 degrees viewing range should be 00:34:56.720 --> 00:34:57.910 align:start position:0% under 30 degrees viewing range should be sufficient 00:34:57.910 --> 00:34:57.920 align:start position:0% sufficient 00:34:57.920 --> 00:34:59.829 align:start position:0% sufficient in<00:34:58.079> horizontal<00:34:58.640> direction<00:34:59.119> and<00:34:59.200> maybe<00:34:59.520> 20<00:34:59.760> or 00:34:59.829 --> 00:34:59.839 align:start position:0% in horizontal direction and maybe 20 or 00:34:59.839 --> 00:35:01.510 align:start position:0% in horizontal direction and maybe 20 or 30<00:35:00.240> degrees<00:35:00.640> or<00:35:00.800> 40 00:35:01.510 --> 00:35:01.520 align:start position:0% 30 degrees or 40 00:35:01.520 --> 00:35:03.829 align:start position:0% 30 degrees or 40 in<00:35:01.760> vertical<00:35:02.160> direction<00:35:03.200> and<00:35:03.359> then<00:35:03.599> you<00:35:03.680> can 00:35:03.829 --> 00:35:03.839 align:start position:0% in vertical direction and then you can 00:35:03.839 --> 00:35:05.510 align:start position:0% in vertical direction and then you can do<00:35:04.000> the<00:35:04.160> rest<00:35:04.400> by 00:35:05.510 --> 00:35:05.520 align:start position:0% do the rest by 00:35:05.520 --> 00:35:08.470 align:start position:0% do the rest by just<00:35:06.720> looking<00:35:07.440> where<00:35:07.839> the<00:35:08.079> interesting 00:35:08.470 --> 00:35:08.480 align:start position:0% just looking where the interesting 00:35:08.480 --> 00:35:09.190 align:start position:0% just looking where the interesting things<00:35:08.880> are 00:35:09.190 --> 00:35:09.200 align:start position:0% things are 00:35:09.200 --> 00:35:12.470 align:start position:0% things are and<00:35:09.440> the<00:35:09.599> same<00:35:11.040> one<00:35:11.200> big<00:35:11.440> discussion<00:35:11.920> was 00:35:12.470 --> 00:35:12.480 align:start position:0% and the same one big discussion was 00:35:12.480 --> 00:35:14.390 align:start position:0% and the same one big discussion was well<00:35:12.720> we<00:35:12.880> could<00:35:13.040> afford<00:35:13.599> nowadays<00:35:14.079> with<00:35:14.320> the 00:35:14.390 --> 00:35:14.400 align:start position:0% well we could afford nowadays with the 00:35:14.400 --> 00:35:16.710 align:start position:0% well we could afford nowadays with the cost<00:35:14.720> of<00:35:14.800> cameras<00:35:15.359> to<00:35:15.920> put<00:35:16.160> several<00:35:16.400> hundred 00:35:16.710 --> 00:35:16.720 align:start position:0% cost of cameras to put several hundred 00:35:16.720 --> 00:35:17.670 align:start position:0% cost of cameras to put several hundred cameras<00:35:17.119> on 00:35:17.670 --> 00:35:17.680 align:start position:0% cameras on 00:35:17.680 --> 00:35:19.589 align:start position:0% cameras on on<00:35:17.760> the<00:35:17.920> vehicle<00:35:18.720> and<00:35:18.960> we<00:35:19.119> do<00:35:19.280> have<00:35:19.440> high 00:35:19.589 --> 00:35:19.599 align:start position:0% on the vehicle and we do have high 00:35:19.599 --> 00:35:20.950 align:start position:0% on the vehicle and we do have high resolution<00:35:20.160> everywhere 00:35:20.950 --> 00:35:20.960 align:start position:0% resolution everywhere 00:35:20.960 --> 00:35:23.190 align:start position:0% resolution everywhere and<00:35:21.119> then<00:35:21.280> we<00:35:21.440> scale<00:35:21.760> down<00:35:22.560> to<00:35:22.800> a<00:35:23.040> low 00:35:23.190 --> 00:35:23.200 align:start position:0% and then we scale down to a low 00:35:23.200 --> 00:35:24.390 align:start position:0% and then we scale down to a low resolution 00:35:24.390 --> 00:35:24.400 align:start position:0% resolution 00:35:24.400 --> 00:35:26.550 align:start position:0% resolution but<00:35:24.560> again<00:35:24.880> my<00:35:25.119> impression<00:35:25.520> was<00:35:26.160> doing<00:35:26.400> the 00:35:26.550 --> 00:35:26.560 align:start position:0% but again my impression was doing the 00:35:26.560 --> 00:35:27.430 align:start position:0% but again my impression was doing the navigation 00:35:27.430 --> 00:35:27.440 align:start position:0% navigation 00:35:27.440 --> 00:35:29.750 align:start position:0% navigation through<00:35:27.680> all<00:35:27.839> these<00:35:28.160> images<00:35:28.880> it's<00:35:29.280> much<00:35:29.520> more 00:35:29.750 --> 00:35:29.760 align:start position:0% through all these images it's much more 00:35:29.760 --> 00:35:30.870 align:start position:0% through all these images it's much more complex 00:35:30.870 --> 00:35:30.880 align:start position:0% complex 00:35:30.880 --> 00:35:34.069 align:start position:0% complex than<00:35:31.440> developing<00:35:31.839> an<00:35:32.000> eye<00:35:32.400> and<00:35:32.720> have<00:35:32.960> a<00:35:33.760> wide 00:35:34.069 --> 00:35:34.079 align:start position:0% than developing an eye and have a wide 00:35:34.079 --> 00:35:34.950 align:start position:0% than developing an eye and have a wide viewing<00:35:34.480> range 00:35:34.950 --> 00:35:34.960 align:start position:0% viewing range 00:35:34.960 --> 00:35:37.190 align:start position:0% viewing range with<00:35:35.200> two<00:35:35.359> cameras<00:35:36.320> with<00:35:36.480> an<00:35:36.640> overlapping 00:35:37.190 --> 00:35:37.200 align:start position:0% with two cameras with an overlapping 00:35:37.200 --> 00:35:38.870 align:start position:0% with two cameras with an overlapping central<00:35:37.599> area<00:35:37.920> where<00:35:38.079> you<00:35:38.160> can<00:35:38.320> do<00:35:38.480> stereo 00:35:38.870 --> 00:35:38.880 align:start position:0% central area where you can do stereo 00:35:38.880 --> 00:35:40.230 align:start position:0% central area where you can do stereo interpretation 00:35:40.230 --> 00:35:40.240 align:start position:0% interpretation 00:35:40.240 --> 00:35:43.430 align:start position:0% interpretation and<00:35:40.400> then<00:35:40.640> direct<00:35:41.920> the<00:35:42.320> gaze<00:35:42.640> control<00:35:43.119> to<00:35:43.280> the 00:35:43.430 --> 00:35:43.440 align:start position:0% and then direct the gaze control to the 00:35:43.440 --> 00:35:45.030 align:start position:0% and then direct the gaze control to the area<00:35:43.760> where<00:35:43.920> you<00:35:44.079> want<00:35:44.240> to 00:35:45.030 --> 00:35:45.040 align:start position:0% area where you want to 00:35:45.040 --> 00:35:47.670 align:start position:0% area where you want to see<00:35:45.280> something<00:35:45.680> more<00:35:46.240> closely<00:35:47.280> and<00:35:47.440> we 00:35:47.670 --> 00:35:47.680 align:start position:0% see something more closely and we 00:35:47.680 --> 00:35:48.710 align:start position:0% see something more closely and we propose<00:35:48.160> to<00:35:48.320> have 00:35:48.710 --> 00:35:48.720 align:start position:0% propose to have 00:35:48.720 --> 00:35:51.670 align:start position:0% propose to have a<00:35:48.960> color<00:35:49.280> camera<00:35:49.839> with<00:35:50.000> medium<00:35:50.480> range<00:35:51.040> say<00:35:51.280> 100 00:35:51.670 --> 00:35:51.680 align:start position:0% a color camera with medium range say 100 00:35:51.680 --> 00:35:52.470 align:start position:0% a color camera with medium range say 100 meters<00:35:52.079> range 00:35:52.470 --> 00:35:52.480 align:start position:0% meters range 00:35:52.480 --> 00:35:54.470 align:start position:0% meters range for<00:35:52.720> the<00:35:52.880> wide<00:35:53.119> angle<00:35:53.359> cameras<00:35:53.599> to<00:35:53.760> have<00:35:54.000> 20<00:35:54.240> 30 00:35:54.470 --> 00:35:54.480 align:start position:0% for the wide angle cameras to have 20 30 00:35:54.480 --> 00:35:55.750 align:start position:0% for the wide angle cameras to have 20 30 meters 00:35:55.750 --> 00:35:55.760 align:start position:0% meters 00:35:55.760 --> 00:35:58.870 align:start position:0% meters good<00:35:56.000> resolution<00:35:57.040> and<00:35:57.119> then<00:35:57.359> on<00:35:57.520> top<00:35:57.680> of<00:35:57.839> that 00:35:58.870 --> 00:35:58.880 align:start position:0% good resolution and then on top of that 00:35:58.880 --> 00:36:01.670 align:start position:0% good resolution and then on top of that in<00:35:59.040> order<00:35:59.280> to<00:35:59.359> be<00:35:59.599> able<00:36:00.320> to<00:36:00.640> have<00:36:00.800> a<00:36:01.040> resolution 00:36:01.670 --> 00:36:01.680 align:start position:0% in order to be able to have a resolution 00:36:01.680 --> 00:36:03.670 align:start position:0% in order to be able to have a resolution similar<00:36:02.079> to<00:36:02.240> the<00:36:02.560> central<00:36:02.880> part<00:36:03.119> of<00:36:03.200> the<00:36:03.280> human 00:36:03.670 --> 00:36:03.680 align:start position:0% similar to the central part of the human 00:36:03.680 --> 00:36:04.390 align:start position:0% similar to the central part of the human eye 00:36:04.390 --> 00:36:04.400 align:start position:0% eye 00:36:04.400 --> 00:36:05.990 align:start position:0% eye we<00:36:04.560> say<00:36:04.720> we<00:36:04.880> should<00:36:05.040> have<00:36:05.200> another<00:36:05.599> camera 00:36:05.990 --> 00:36:06.000 align:start position:0% we say we should have another camera 00:36:06.000 --> 00:36:08.150 align:start position:0% we say we should have another camera with<00:36:06.160> a<00:36:06.240> higher<00:36:06.560> focal<00:36:06.960> length 00:36:08.150 --> 00:36:08.160 align:start position:0% with a higher focal length 00:36:08.160 --> 00:36:11.270 align:start position:0% with a higher focal length say<00:36:08.640> at<00:36:09.040> 300<00:36:09.599> meters<00:36:10.560> we<00:36:10.720> should<00:36:10.960> have<00:36:11.200> a 00:36:11.270 --> 00:36:11.280 align:start position:0% say at 300 meters we should have a 00:36:11.280 --> 00:36:13.190 align:start position:0% say at 300 meters we should have a resolution<00:36:11.839> of<00:36:12.000> about<00:36:12.240> five<00:36:12.480> centimeters<00:36:13.040> per 00:36:13.190 --> 00:36:13.200 align:start position:0% resolution of about five centimeters per 00:36:13.200 --> 00:36:14.470 align:start position:0% resolution of about five centimeters per pixel 00:36:14.470 --> 00:36:14.480 align:start position:0% pixel 00:36:14.480 --> 00:36:16.950 align:start position:0% pixel so<00:36:14.720> these<00:36:14.960> combinations<00:36:15.680> of<00:36:15.920> focal<00:36:16.320> lengths 00:36:16.950 --> 00:36:16.960 align:start position:0% so these combinations of focal lengths 00:36:16.960 --> 00:36:19.109 align:start position:0% so these combinations of focal lengths that's<00:36:17.200> what<00:36:17.359> we<00:36:17.520> call<00:36:17.760> the 00:36:19.109 --> 00:36:19.119 align:start position:0% that's what we call the 00:36:19.119 --> 00:36:24.829 align:start position:0% that's what we call the emv<00:36:20.000> uh<00:36:20.640> vision<00:36:20.960> system<00:36:21.359> marvin 00:36:24.829 --> 00:36:24.839 align:start position:0% 00:36:24.839 --> 00:36:26.230 align:start position:0% multiple 00:36:26.230 --> 00:36:26.240 align:start position:0% multiple 00:36:26.240 --> 00:36:30.630 align:start position:0% multiple oh<00:36:26.560> hooray 00:36:30.630 --> 00:36:30.640 align:start position:0% 00:36:30.640 --> 00:36:34.630 align:start position:0% i<00:36:30.800> can<00:36:30.960> tell<00:36:31.119> you<00:36:31.280> lately<00:36:33.040> my<00:36:33.200> memory<00:36:33.520> is 00:36:34.630 --> 00:36:34.640 align:start position:0% i can tell you lately my memory is 00:36:34.640 --> 00:36:37.030 align:start position:0% i can tell you lately my memory is vehicle<00:36:35.520> vehicle<00:36:35.920> eye<00:36:36.400> and<00:36:36.560> we<00:36:36.720> call<00:36:36.880> the 00:36:37.030 --> 00:36:37.040 align:start position:0% vehicle vehicle eye and we call the 00:36:37.040 --> 00:36:37.829 align:start position:0% vehicle vehicle eye and we call the vision<00:36:37.359> system 00:36:37.829 --> 00:36:37.839 align:start position:0% vision system 00:36:37.839 --> 00:36:41.030 align:start position:0% vision system expectation<00:36:38.720> based<00:36:39.200> multi-focal 00:36:41.030 --> 00:36:41.040 align:start position:0% expectation based multi-focal 00:36:41.040 --> 00:36:43.750 align:start position:0% expectation based multi-focal um<00:36:42.000> psychotic<00:36:42.560> vision<00:36:42.880> system<00:36:43.280> that's<00:36:43.520> that's 00:36:43.750 --> 00:36:43.760 align:start position:0% um psychotic vision system that's that's 00:36:43.760 --> 00:36:44.550 align:start position:0% um psychotic vision system that's that's the<00:36:43.920> one 00:36:44.550 --> 00:36:44.560 align:start position:0% the one 00:36:44.560 --> 00:36:47.190 align:start position:0% the one we<00:36:44.720> developed<00:36:45.280> and<00:36:45.520> i<00:36:45.680> think<00:36:46.560> this<00:36:46.800> is<00:36:46.880> a<00:36:46.960> good 00:36:47.190 --> 00:36:47.200 align:start position:0% we developed and i think this is a good 00:36:47.200 --> 00:36:49.589 align:start position:0% we developed and i think this is a good compromise<00:36:47.920> between<00:36:48.240> the<00:36:48.400> different<00:36:48.800> aspects 00:36:49.589 --> 00:36:49.599 align:start position:0% compromise between the different aspects 00:36:49.599 --> 00:36:53.270 align:start position:0% compromise between the different aspects realizing<00:36:50.960> the<00:36:51.119> basic<00:36:51.839> functioning 00:36:53.270 --> 00:36:53.280 align:start position:0% realizing the basic functioning 00:36:53.280 --> 00:36:56.790 align:start position:0% realizing the basic functioning of<00:36:53.680> biological<00:36:54.320> systems<00:36:55.520> in<00:36:55.920> silicon 00:36:56.790 --> 00:36:56.800 align:start position:0% of biological systems in silicon 00:36:56.800 --> 00:36:59.990 align:start position:0% of biological systems in silicon on<00:36:56.960> a<00:36:57.040> silicon<00:36:57.440> basis<00:36:58.640> not<00:36:58.960> doing<00:36:59.520> all<00:36:59.760> which 00:36:59.990 --> 00:37:00.000 align:start position:0% on a silicon basis not doing all which 00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:01.190 align:start position:0% on a silicon basis not doing all which is<00:37:00.079> necessary 00:37:01.190 --> 00:37:01.200 align:start position:0% is necessary 00:37:01.200 --> 00:37:05.190 align:start position:0% is necessary because<00:37:02.000> in<00:37:03.119> carbon<00:37:03.599> you<00:37:03.680> are<00:37:03.839> not<00:37:04.079> able 00:37:05.190 --> 00:37:05.200 align:start position:0% because in carbon you are not able 00:37:05.200 --> 00:37:07.430 align:start position:0% because in carbon you are not able to<00:37:05.440> get<00:37:05.839> high-speed<00:37:06.320> data<00:37:06.560> transportation 00:37:07.430 --> 00:37:07.440 align:start position:0% to get high-speed data transportation 00:37:07.440 --> 00:37:08.790 align:start position:0% to get high-speed data transportation but<00:37:07.599> you're<00:37:07.920> able<00:37:08.160> to 00:37:08.790 --> 00:37:08.800 align:start position:0% but you're able to 00:37:08.800 --> 00:37:10.630 align:start position:0% but you're able to make<00:37:09.440> thousands<00:37:09.920> and<00:37:10.000> ten<00:37:10.160> thousands<00:37:10.560> of 00:37:10.630 --> 00:37:10.640 align:start position:0% make thousands and ten thousands of 00:37:10.640 --> 00:37:12.230 align:start position:0% make thousands and ten thousands of crosslinks<00:37:11.280> that<00:37:11.520> that's<00:37:11.760> what<00:37:11.920> we<00:37:12.000> have<00:37:12.160> in 00:37:12.230 --> 00:37:12.240 align:start position:0% crosslinks that that's what we have in 00:37:12.240 --> 00:37:13.349 align:start position:0% crosslinks that that's what we have in our<00:37:12.400> head 00:37:13.349 --> 00:37:13.359 align:start position:0% our head 00:37:13.359 --> 00:37:15.750 align:start position:0% our head which<00:37:13.599> is<00:37:14.240> very<00:37:14.480> difficult<00:37:14.960> in<00:37:15.040> silicon<00:37:15.599> at 00:37:15.750 --> 00:37:15.760 align:start position:0% which is very difficult in silicon at 00:37:15.760 --> 00:37:16.950 align:start position:0% which is very difficult in silicon at least<00:37:16.000> with<00:37:16.160> the<00:37:16.240> technology<00:37:16.720> we<00:37:16.880> have 00:37:16.950 --> 00:37:16.960 align:start position:0% least with the technology we have 00:37:16.960 --> 00:37:17.990 align:start position:0% least with the technology we have available 00:37:17.990 --> 00:37:18.000 align:start position:0% available 00:37:18.000 --> 00:37:20.790 align:start position:0% available so<00:37:18.320> we<00:37:18.480> decided<00:37:19.680> to<00:37:19.920> take<00:37:20.160> these<00:37:20.400> simple 00:37:20.790 --> 00:37:20.800 align:start position:0% so we decided to take these simple 00:37:20.800 --> 00:37:21.589 align:start position:0% so we decided to take these simple systems 00:37:21.589 --> 00:37:21.599 align:start position:0% systems 00:37:21.599 --> 00:37:24.870 align:start position:0% systems but<00:37:21.760> then<00:37:22.079> use<00:37:22.480> the<00:37:22.800> high<00:37:23.520> data<00:37:23.920> transfer<00:37:24.320> rate 00:37:24.870 --> 00:37:24.880 align:start position:0% but then use the high data transfer rate 00:37:24.880 --> 00:37:27.430 align:start position:0% but then use the high data transfer rate in<00:37:24.960> order<00:37:25.200> to<00:37:25.440> organize<00:37:26.000> an<00:37:26.160> overall<00:37:26.560> system 00:37:27.430 --> 00:37:27.440 align:start position:0% in order to organize an overall system 00:37:27.440 --> 00:37:29.829 align:start position:0% in order to organize an overall system which<00:37:27.680> does<00:37:28.000> have<00:37:28.160> the<00:37:28.240> same<00:37:28.480> functionality 00:37:29.829 --> 00:37:29.839 align:start position:0% which does have the same functionality 00:37:29.839 --> 00:37:33.109 align:start position:0% which does have the same functionality on<00:37:30.079> us<00:37:30.640> very<00:37:30.960> similar<00:37:31.440> or<00:37:31.839> if<00:37:32.000> not<00:37:32.160> the<00:37:32.320> same 00:37:33.109 --> 00:37:33.119 align:start position:0% on us very similar or if not the same 00:37:33.119 --> 00:37:35.030 align:start position:0% on us very similar or if not the same a<00:37:33.280> functional<00:37:33.760> basis<00:37:34.240> like<00:37:34.400> biological 00:37:35.030 --> 00:37:35.040 align:start position:0% a functional basis like biological 00:37:35.040 --> 00:37:36.390 align:start position:0% a functional basis like biological systems<00:37:36.000> but 00:37:36.390 --> 00:37:36.400 align:start position:0% systems but 00:37:36.400 --> 00:37:38.310 align:start position:0% systems but realized<00:37:36.880> completely<00:37:37.280> different<00:37:37.839> yeah<00:37:38.160> then 00:37:38.310 --> 00:37:38.320 align:start position:0% realized completely different yeah then 00:37:38.320 --> 00:37:39.829 align:start position:0% realized completely different yeah then that<00:37:38.480> was<00:37:38.640> a<00:37:38.720> feature<00:37:38.960> of<00:37:39.040> the<00:37:39.200> first<00:37:39.520> design 00:37:39.829 --> 00:37:39.839 align:start position:0% that was a feature of the first design 00:37:39.839 --> 00:37:41.430 align:start position:0% that was a feature of the first design with<00:37:40.000> the<00:37:40.160> transputers 00:37:41.430 --> 00:37:41.440 align:start position:0% with the transputers 00:37:41.440 --> 00:37:43.190 align:start position:0% with the transputers when<00:37:41.599> you<00:37:41.760> didn't<00:37:42.079> have<00:37:42.800> very<00:37:42.960> much 00:37:43.190 --> 00:37:43.200 align:start position:0% when you didn't have very much 00:37:43.200 --> 00:37:44.630 align:start position:0% when you didn't have very much computation<00:37:43.839> power<00:37:44.240> even 00:37:44.630 --> 00:37:44.640 align:start position:0% computation power even 00:37:44.640 --> 00:37:47.430 align:start position:0% computation power even yeah<00:37:45.520> well<00:37:45.680> the<00:37:45.839> first<00:37:46.000> system<00:37:46.320> was<00:37:46.640> even<00:37:47.200> one 00:37:47.430 --> 00:37:47.440 align:start position:0% yeah well the first system was even one 00:37:47.440 --> 00:37:49.430 align:start position:0% yeah well the first system was even one to<00:37:47.599> two<00:37:47.839> orders<00:37:48.160> of<00:37:48.320> magnitude 00:37:49.430 --> 00:37:49.440 align:start position:0% to two orders of magnitude 00:37:49.440 --> 00:37:52.230 align:start position:0% to two orders of magnitude less<00:37:49.920> than<00:37:50.079> the<00:37:50.240> transputers<00:37:51.599> so<00:37:51.760> the<00:37:51.920> first 00:37:52.230 --> 00:37:52.240 align:start position:0% less than the transputers so the first 00:37:52.240 --> 00:37:55.270 align:start position:0% less than the transputers so the first drive<00:37:52.560> we<00:37:52.720> did<00:37:52.960> in<00:37:53.040> 1987 00:37:55.270 --> 00:37:55.280 align:start position:0% drive we did in 1987 00:37:55.280 --> 00:37:57.829 align:start position:0% drive we did in 1987 it's<00:37:55.599> hard<00:37:55.760> to<00:37:55.920> believe<00:37:56.240> but<00:37:56.400> this<00:37:56.560> was<00:37:56.800> 80<00:37:57.200> 80 00:37:57.829 --> 00:37:57.839 align:start position:0% it's hard to believe but this was 80 80 00:37:57.839 --> 00:37:59.670 align:start position:0% it's hard to believe but this was 80 80 86 00:37:59.670 --> 00:37:59.680 align:start position:0% 86 00:37:59.680 --> 00:38:04.230 align:start position:0% 86 processors<00:38:00.960> with<00:38:01.440> two<00:38:02.839> megabytes 00:38:04.230 --> 00:38:04.240 align:start position:0% processors with two megabytes 00:38:04.240 --> 00:38:09.829 align:start position:0% processors with two megabytes cycle<00:38:04.640> rate<00:38:05.760> um 00:38:09.829 --> 00:38:09.839 align:start position:0% 00:38:09.839 --> 00:38:13.030 align:start position:0% basic<00:38:10.160> frequency<00:38:11.520> that<00:38:11.760> two<00:38:11.920> megahertz<00:38:12.800> two 00:38:13.030 --> 00:38:13.040 align:start position:0% basic frequency that two megahertz two 00:38:13.040 --> 00:38:14.150 align:start position:0% basic frequency that two megahertz two megahertz 00:38:14.150 --> 00:38:14.160 align:start position:0% megahertz 00:38:14.160 --> 00:38:17.270 align:start position:0% megahertz two<00:38:14.320> megahertz<00:38:15.359> yeah<00:38:16.880> and 00:38:17.270 --> 00:38:17.280 align:start position:0% two megahertz yeah and 00:38:17.280 --> 00:38:19.270 align:start position:0% two megahertz yeah and uh<00:38:17.680> of<00:38:17.920> course<00:38:18.400> the<00:38:18.560> world<00:38:18.800> today<00:38:19.119> is 00:38:19.270 --> 00:38:19.280 align:start position:0% uh of course the world today is 00:38:19.280 --> 00:38:20.950 align:start position:0% uh of course the world today is completely<00:38:19.760> different<00:38:20.079> now<00:38:20.320> we<00:38:20.480> are 00:38:20.950 --> 00:38:20.960 align:start position:0% completely different now we are 00:38:20.960 --> 00:38:25.589 align:start position:0% completely different now we are into<00:38:21.200> two<00:38:21.440> gigahertz<00:38:22.880> and<00:38:23.359> um 00:38:25.589 --> 00:38:25.599 align:start position:0% into two gigahertz and um 00:38:25.599 --> 00:38:29.270 align:start position:0% into two gigahertz and um you<00:38:25.760> do<00:38:25.920> have<00:38:26.240> uh<00:38:27.680> even<00:38:27.920> higher<00:38:28.320> much<00:38:28.560> higher 00:38:29.270 --> 00:38:29.280 align:start position:0% you do have uh even higher much higher 00:38:29.280 --> 00:38:31.190 align:start position:0% you do have uh even higher much higher data<00:38:29.520> communication<00:38:30.160> was<00:38:30.320> a<00:38:30.560> problem<00:38:30.880> at<00:38:30.960> that 00:38:31.190 --> 00:38:31.200 align:start position:0% data communication was a problem at that 00:38:31.200 --> 00:38:33.270 align:start position:0% data communication was a problem at that time<00:38:31.440> too<00:38:32.079> we<00:38:32.240> were<00:38:32.320> not<00:38:32.560> able<00:38:32.800> since<00:38:33.040> we<00:38:33.119> were 00:38:33.270 --> 00:38:33.280 align:start position:0% time too we were not able since we were 00:38:33.280 --> 00:38:34.550 align:start position:0% time too we were not able since we were not<00:38:33.440> able<00:38:33.680> maybe<00:38:33.920> i<00:38:34.000> should<00:38:34.160> mention<00:38:34.480> this 00:38:34.550 --> 00:38:34.560 align:start position:0% not able maybe i should mention this 00:38:34.560 --> 00:38:35.990 align:start position:0% not able maybe i should mention this since<00:38:34.800> we're<00:38:34.960> not<00:38:35.200> able<00:38:35.440> to 00:38:35.990 --> 00:38:36.000 align:start position:0% since we're not able to 00:38:36.000 --> 00:38:38.470 align:start position:0% since we're not able to to<00:38:36.160> look<00:38:36.320> at<00:38:36.400> the<00:38:36.560> entire<00:38:37.040> video<00:38:37.440> image<00:38:38.320> the 00:38:38.470 --> 00:38:38.480 align:start position:0% to look at the entire video image the 00:38:38.480 --> 00:38:39.990 align:start position:0% to look at the entire video image the colleague<00:38:38.880> of<00:38:38.960> mine<00:38:39.200> falcograph 00:38:39.990 --> 00:38:40.000 align:start position:0% colleague of mine falcograph 00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:42.550 align:start position:0% colleague of mine falcograph he<00:38:40.240> developed<00:38:40.640> a<00:38:40.720> system<00:38:42.079> that<00:38:42.240> i<00:38:42.400> had 00:38:42.550 --> 00:38:42.560 align:start position:0% he developed a system that i had 00:38:42.560 --> 00:38:44.790 align:start position:0% he developed a system that i had proposed<00:38:43.119> he<00:38:43.280> realized<00:38:43.839> it 00:38:44.790 --> 00:38:44.800 align:start position:0% proposed he realized it 00:38:44.800 --> 00:38:48.069 align:start position:0% proposed he realized it where<00:38:45.200> the<00:38:45.359> video<00:38:45.680> signal<00:38:46.560> is<00:38:46.800> transferred 00:38:48.069 --> 00:38:48.079 align:start position:0% where the video signal is transferred 00:38:48.079 --> 00:38:50.630 align:start position:0% where the video signal is transferred line<00:38:48.400> after<00:38:48.720> line<00:38:49.760> and<00:38:49.920> he<00:38:50.160> developed<00:38:50.560> a 00:38:50.630 --> 00:38:50.640 align:start position:0% line after line and he developed a 00:38:50.640 --> 00:38:53.430 align:start position:0% line after line and he developed a system<00:38:51.119> that<00:38:51.280> was<00:38:51.520> able<00:38:51.760> to<00:38:52.000> grasp 00:38:53.430 --> 00:38:53.440 align:start position:0% system that was able to grasp 00:38:53.440 --> 00:38:55.829 align:start position:0% system that was able to grasp those<00:38:53.760> pixels<00:38:54.480> which<00:38:54.720> were<00:38:55.119> in<00:38:55.280> a<00:38:55.359> certain 00:38:55.829 --> 00:38:55.839 align:start position:0% those pixels which were in a certain 00:38:55.839 --> 00:38:56.950 align:start position:0% those pixels which were in a certain window 00:38:56.950 --> 00:38:56.960 align:start position:0% window 00:38:56.960 --> 00:38:58.790 align:start position:0% window marked<00:38:57.440> by<00:38:57.599> the<00:38:57.760> upper<00:38:58.000> left<00:38:58.320> and<00:38:58.400> the<00:38:58.560> lower 00:38:58.790 --> 00:38:58.800 align:start position:0% marked by the upper left and the lower 00:38:58.800 --> 00:39:00.230 align:start position:0% marked by the upper left and the lower right<00:38:59.119> corner 00:39:00.230 --> 00:39:00.240 align:start position:0% right corner 00:39:00.240 --> 00:39:03.030 align:start position:0% right corner and<00:39:00.400> we<00:39:00.560> were<00:39:00.800> able<00:39:01.040> to<00:39:01.760> define<00:39:02.320> about<00:39:02.560> a<00:39:02.640> dozen 00:39:03.030 --> 00:39:03.040 align:start position:0% and we were able to define about a dozen 00:39:03.040 --> 00:39:04.230 align:start position:0% and we were able to define about a dozen of<00:39:03.200> those<00:39:03.440> windows 00:39:04.230 --> 00:39:04.240 align:start position:0% of those windows 00:39:04.240 --> 00:39:08.630 align:start position:0% of those windows so<00:39:04.400> we<00:39:04.560> could<00:39:07.200> disintegrate<00:39:07.839> the<00:39:08.000> image<00:39:08.400> into 00:39:08.630 --> 00:39:08.640 align:start position:0% so we could disintegrate the image into 00:39:08.640 --> 00:39:09.829 align:start position:0% so we could disintegrate the image into 12<00:39:08.960> sub<00:39:09.200> windows 00:39:09.829 --> 00:39:09.839 align:start position:0% 12 sub windows 00:39:09.839 --> 00:39:12.550 align:start position:0% 12 sub windows and<00:39:10.000> we<00:39:10.160> just<00:39:10.480> extracted<00:39:11.119> it<00:39:12.000> from<00:39:12.240> those 00:39:12.550 --> 00:39:12.560 align:start position:0% and we just extracted it from those 00:39:12.560 --> 00:39:13.430 align:start position:0% and we just extracted it from those windows<00:39:12.960> but 00:39:13.430 --> 00:39:13.440 align:start position:0% windows but 00:39:13.440 --> 00:39:15.270 align:start position:0% windows but we<00:39:13.599> were<00:39:13.760> able<00:39:14.000> to<00:39:14.160> switch<00:39:14.480> the<00:39:14.640> window<00:39:15.040> from 00:39:15.270 --> 00:39:15.280 align:start position:0% we were able to switch the window from 00:39:15.280 --> 00:39:17.349 align:start position:0% we were able to switch the window from one<00:39:15.599> frame<00:39:15.839> to<00:39:16.000> the<00:39:16.160> next 00:39:17.349 --> 00:39:17.359 align:start position:0% one frame to the next 00:39:17.359 --> 00:39:19.430 align:start position:0% one frame to the next uh<00:39:17.599> so<00:39:17.760> this<00:39:17.920> was<00:39:18.079> very<00:39:18.640> they<00:39:18.800> were<00:39:18.960> analog 00:39:19.430 --> 00:39:19.440 align:start position:0% uh so this was very they were analog 00:39:19.440 --> 00:39:20.790 align:start position:0% uh so this was very they were analog video 00:39:20.790 --> 00:39:20.800 align:start position:0% video 00:39:20.800 --> 00:39:22.630 align:start position:0% video they<00:39:20.960> were<00:39:21.119> analog<00:39:21.520> video<00:39:21.839> of<00:39:21.920> course<00:39:22.320> at<00:39:22.400> that 00:39:22.630 --> 00:39:22.640 align:start position:0% they were analog video of course at that 00:39:22.640 --> 00:39:23.910 align:start position:0% they were analog video of course at that time<00:39:22.880> the<00:39:23.040> cameras<00:39:23.440> were<00:39:23.599> this 00:39:23.910 --> 00:39:23.920 align:start position:0% time the cameras were this 00:39:23.920 --> 00:39:26.950 align:start position:0% time the cameras were this this<00:39:24.079> size<00:39:25.680> yeah<00:39:26.160> so<00:39:26.400> you<00:39:26.560> had 00:39:26.950 --> 00:39:26.960 align:start position:0% this size yeah so you had 00:39:26.960 --> 00:39:29.910 align:start position:0% this size yeah so you had you<00:39:27.119> had<00:39:27.200> to<00:39:27.359> choose<00:39:27.599> the<00:39:28.800> rate<00:39:29.119> the<00:39:29.280> hurts<00:39:29.680> of 00:39:29.910 --> 00:39:29.920 align:start position:0% you had to choose the rate the hurts of 00:39:29.920 --> 00:39:30.630 align:start position:0% you had to choose the rate the hurts of the 00:39:30.630 --> 00:39:30.640 align:start position:0% the 00:39:30.640 --> 00:39:33.510 align:start position:0% the scans<00:39:31.200> and<00:39:31.839> interlacing<00:39:32.560> and<00:39:32.640> de-interlacing 00:39:33.510 --> 00:39:33.520 align:start position:0% scans and interlacing and de-interlacing 00:39:33.520 --> 00:39:35.030 align:start position:0% scans and interlacing and de-interlacing and<00:39:33.599> drawing<00:39:33.920> yes<00:39:34.160> yes 00:39:35.030 --> 00:39:35.040 align:start position:0% and drawing yes yes 00:39:35.040 --> 00:39:36.310 align:start position:0% and drawing yes yes we<00:39:35.200> had<00:39:35.280> to<00:39:35.440> work<00:39:35.599> with<00:39:35.760> american<00:39:36.240> and 00:39:36.310 --> 00:39:36.320 align:start position:0% we had to work with american and 00:39:36.320 --> 00:39:37.990 align:start position:0% we had to work with american and japanese<00:39:36.800> and<00:39:36.880> german<00:39:37.280> cameras<00:39:37.680> and<00:39:37.760> we<00:39:37.920> had 00:39:37.990 --> 00:39:38.000 align:start position:0% japanese and german cameras and we had 00:39:38.000 --> 00:39:40.310 align:start position:0% japanese and german cameras and we had to<00:39:38.079> switch<00:39:38.400> between<00:39:38.720> 30<00:39:39.040> hertz<00:39:39.280> and<00:39:39.440> 25<00:39:40.000> hertz 00:39:40.310 --> 00:39:40.320 align:start position:0% to switch between 30 hertz and 25 hertz 00:39:40.320 --> 00:39:41.030 align:start position:0% to switch between 30 hertz and 25 hertz and 00:39:41.030 --> 00:39:41.040 align:start position:0% and 00:39:41.040 --> 00:39:44.550 align:start position:0% and all<00:39:41.200> that<00:39:41.440> stuff<00:39:42.320> ntsc<00:39:43.119> and<00:39:43.440> or<00:39:44.000> dvd 00:39:44.550 --> 00:39:44.560 align:start position:0% all that stuff ntsc and or dvd 00:39:44.560 --> 00:39:48.310 align:start position:0% all that stuff ntsc and or dvd pal 00:39:48.310 --> 00:39:48.320 align:start position:0% 00:39:48.320 --> 00:39:51.430 align:start position:0% so<00:39:51.040> so 00:39:51.430 --> 00:39:51.440 align:start position:0% so so 00:39:51.440 --> 00:39:55.430 align:start position:0% so so how<00:39:51.599> did<00:39:52.640> who<00:39:53.680> what<00:39:53.839> was<00:39:54.160> the<00:39:54.400> inspiration<00:39:55.200> for 00:39:55.430 --> 00:39:55.440 align:start position:0% how did who what was the inspiration for 00:39:55.440 --> 00:39:57.030 align:start position:0% how did who what was the inspiration for the the<00:39:55.839> work<00:39:56.160> and<00:39:56.320> vision<00:39:56.640> like<00:39:56.800> did<00:39:56.960> you 00:39:57.030 --> 00:39:57.040 align:start position:0% the the work and vision like did you 00:39:57.040 --> 00:39:57.430 align:start position:0% the the work and vision like did you come 00:39:57.430 --> 00:39:57.440 align:start position:0% come 00:39:57.440 --> 00:39:58.950 align:start position:0% come you<00:39:57.599> said<00:39:57.760> you<00:39:57.920> saw<00:39:58.160> that<00:39:58.480> work<00:39:58.720> was 00:39:58.950 --> 00:39:58.960 align:start position:0% you said you saw that work was 00:39:58.960 --> 00:40:00.870 align:start position:0% you said you saw that work was accelerating<00:39:59.599> very<00:39:59.839> quickly<00:40:00.240> in<00:40:00.320> that<00:40:00.560> field 00:40:00.870 --> 00:40:00.880 align:start position:0% accelerating very quickly in that field 00:40:00.880 --> 00:40:02.470 align:start position:0% accelerating very quickly in that field when<00:40:01.040> you<00:40:01.200> were<00:40:01.280> doing<00:40:01.520> control<00:40:01.920> systems<00:40:02.400> and 00:40:02.470 --> 00:40:02.480 align:start position:0% when you were doing control systems and 00:40:02.480 --> 00:40:04.309 align:start position:0% when you were doing control systems and you<00:40:02.640> saw<00:40:02.880> that<00:40:03.040> convergence<00:40:03.680> coming 00:40:04.309 --> 00:40:04.319 align:start position:0% you saw that convergence coming 00:40:04.319 --> 00:40:06.870 align:start position:0% you saw that convergence coming were<00:40:04.480> there<00:40:04.720> particular<00:40:05.440> researchers<00:40:06.720> that 00:40:06.870 --> 00:40:06.880 align:start position:0% were there particular researchers that 00:40:06.880 --> 00:40:08.710 align:start position:0% were there particular researchers that you<00:40:07.040> collaborated<00:40:07.680> with<00:40:08.000> or<00:40:08.240> people<00:40:08.480> whose 00:40:08.710 --> 00:40:08.720 align:start position:0% you collaborated with or people whose 00:40:08.720 --> 00:40:09.190 align:start position:0% you collaborated with or people whose work 00:40:09.190 --> 00:40:09.200 align:start position:0% work 00:40:09.200 --> 00:40:12.230 align:start position:0% work that<00:40:09.440> inspired<00:40:10.000> you<00:40:10.880> no<00:40:11.040> at<00:40:11.119> that<00:40:11.359> time 00:40:12.230 --> 00:40:12.240 align:start position:0% that inspired you no at that time 00:40:12.240 --> 00:40:15.430 align:start position:0% that inspired you no at that time i<00:40:12.480> was<00:40:12.960> uh<00:40:14.240> just<00:40:14.560> picking<00:40:14.880> up<00:40:15.119> the 00:40:15.430 --> 00:40:15.440 align:start position:0% i was uh just picking up the 00:40:15.440 --> 00:40:19.270 align:start position:0% i was uh just picking up the the<00:40:16.720> less<00:40:17.040> school<00:40:17.839> um<00:40:18.319> professorship<00:40:19.040> for 00:40:19.270 --> 00:40:19.280 align:start position:0% the less school um professorship for 00:40:19.280 --> 00:40:20.870 align:start position:0% the less school um professorship for control<00:40:19.680> engineering<00:40:20.240> at<00:40:20.400> the 00:40:20.870 --> 00:40:20.880 align:start position:0% control engineering at the 00:40:20.880 --> 00:40:24.069 align:start position:0% control engineering at the university<00:40:21.359> of<00:40:21.440> the<00:40:21.520> business<00:40:21.839> yeah<00:40:22.800> and 00:40:24.069 --> 00:40:24.079 align:start position:0% university of the business yeah and 00:40:24.079 --> 00:40:27.270 align:start position:0% university of the business yeah and i<00:40:24.800> met<00:40:25.839> my<00:40:26.079> colleague<00:40:26.480> who's<00:40:26.880> who's 00:40:27.270 --> 00:40:27.280 align:start position:0% i met my colleague who's who's 00:40:27.280 --> 00:40:29.589 align:start position:0% i met my colleague who's who's been<00:40:27.440> working<00:40:27.839> in<00:40:28.000> measurement<00:40:28.400> technology 00:40:29.589 --> 00:40:29.599 align:start position:0% been working in measurement technology 00:40:29.599 --> 00:40:30.630 align:start position:0% been working in measurement technology measurement<00:40:30.079> science 00:40:30.630 --> 00:40:30.640 align:start position:0% measurement science 00:40:30.640 --> 00:40:33.430 align:start position:0% measurement science vocal<00:40:31.040> graph<00:40:31.680> and<00:40:31.920> he<00:40:32.160> was<00:40:32.400> also<00:40:32.720> in 00:40:33.430 --> 00:40:33.440 align:start position:0% vocal graph and he was also in 00:40:33.440 --> 00:40:34.870 align:start position:0% vocal graph and he was also in interested<00:40:33.920> in<00:40:34.000> that<00:40:34.240> and 00:40:34.870 --> 00:40:34.880 align:start position:0% interested in that and 00:40:34.880 --> 00:40:36.230 align:start position:0% interested in that and we<00:40:35.040> decided<00:40:35.520> since<00:40:35.760> we<00:40:35.839> couldn't<00:40:36.000> get<00:40:36.160> a 00:40:36.230 --> 00:40:36.240 align:start position:0% we decided since we couldn't get a 00:40:36.240 --> 00:40:37.990 align:start position:0% we decided since we couldn't get a system<00:40:36.560> on<00:40:36.640> the<00:40:36.720> market<00:40:37.200> which<00:40:37.200> which 00:40:37.990 --> 00:40:38.000 align:start position:0% system on the market which which 00:40:38.000 --> 00:40:41.589 align:start position:0% system on the market which which satisfied<00:40:38.640> our<00:40:38.800> requirements<00:40:40.079> so<00:40:40.960> he<00:40:41.359> said 00:40:41.589 --> 00:40:41.599 align:start position:0% satisfied our requirements so he said 00:40:41.599 --> 00:40:43.750 align:start position:0% satisfied our requirements so he said well<00:40:41.839> i<00:40:42.400> think<00:40:42.560> i<00:40:42.640> do<00:40:42.880> have<00:40:42.960> an<00:40:43.119> idea 00:40:43.750 --> 00:40:43.760 align:start position:0% well i think i do have an idea 00:40:43.760 --> 00:40:46.870 align:start position:0% well i think i do have an idea and<00:40:43.920> he<00:40:44.079> came<00:40:44.319> up<00:40:44.480> with<00:40:45.079> a<00:40:46.079> dozen 00:40:46.870 --> 00:40:46.880 align:start position:0% and he came up with a dozen 00:40:46.880 --> 00:40:50.309 align:start position:0% and he came up with a dozen microprocessors<00:40:47.760> intel 00:40:50.309 --> 00:40:50.319 align:start position:0% 00:40:50.319 --> 00:40:52.390 align:start position:0% industry<00:40:50.839> microprocessors<00:40:51.839> and<00:40:52.240> he 00:40:52.390 --> 00:40:52.400 align:start position:0% industry microprocessors and he 00:40:52.400 --> 00:40:53.990 align:start position:0% industry microprocessors and he developed<00:40:52.880> these 00:40:53.990 --> 00:40:54.000 align:start position:0% developed these 00:40:54.000 --> 00:40:56.550 align:start position:0% developed these systems<00:40:54.560> grabbing<00:40:55.119> these<00:40:55.359> windows<00:40:55.920> and 00:40:56.550 --> 00:40:56.560 align:start position:0% systems grabbing these windows and 00:40:56.560 --> 00:40:58.309 align:start position:0% systems grabbing these windows and integrated<00:40:57.200> into<00:40:57.440> a<00:40:57.520> system 00:40:58.309 --> 00:40:58.319 align:start position:0% integrated into a system 00:40:58.319 --> 00:41:00.550 align:start position:0% integrated into a system and<00:40:58.480> the<00:40:58.640> first<00:40:59.359> relatively<00:40:59.920> high<00:41:00.079> dynamic 00:41:00.550 --> 00:41:00.560 align:start position:0% and the first relatively high dynamic 00:41:00.560 --> 00:41:02.069 align:start position:0% and the first relatively high dynamic stabilization<00:41:01.200> we<00:41:01.280> did<00:41:01.520> was 00:41:02.069 --> 00:41:02.079 align:start position:0% stabilization we did was 00:41:02.079 --> 00:41:05.430 align:start position:0% stabilization we did was balancing<00:41:02.640> a<00:41:02.720> pole<00:41:04.079> and<00:41:04.240> you<00:41:04.319> know<00:41:04.960> depending 00:41:05.430 --> 00:41:05.440 align:start position:0% balancing a pole and you know depending 00:41:05.440 --> 00:41:07.109 align:start position:0% balancing a pole and you know depending on<00:41:05.680> the<00:41:05.920> the<00:41:06.079> length<00:41:06.319> of<00:41:06.400> the<00:41:06.560> pole<00:41:06.880> the 00:41:07.109 --> 00:41:07.119 align:start position:0% on the the length of the pole the 00:41:07.119 --> 00:41:08.950 align:start position:0% on the the length of the pole the frequency<00:41:07.599> goes<00:41:07.839> down<00:41:08.079> so<00:41:08.240> we<00:41:08.400> started<00:41:08.720> with<00:41:08.880> a 00:41:08.950 --> 00:41:08.960 align:start position:0% frequency goes down so we started with a 00:41:08.960 --> 00:41:10.230 align:start position:0% frequency goes down so we started with a one<00:41:09.119> meter<00:41:09.440> pole 00:41:10.230 --> 00:41:10.240 align:start position:0% one meter pole 00:41:10.240 --> 00:41:12.150 align:start position:0% one meter pole and<00:41:10.400> we<00:41:10.480> were<00:41:10.640> able<00:41:10.880> to<00:41:11.040> come<00:41:11.280> down<00:41:11.520> to<00:41:11.839> 50 00:41:12.150 --> 00:41:12.160 align:start position:0% and we were able to come down to 50 00:41:12.160 --> 00:41:14.069 align:start position:0% and we were able to come down to 50 centimeters<00:41:12.800> i<00:41:12.880> think<00:41:13.040> 30<00:41:13.359> centimeters<00:41:13.920> was 00:41:14.069 --> 00:41:14.079 align:start position:0% centimeters i think 30 centimeters was 00:41:14.079 --> 00:41:16.710 align:start position:0% centimeters i think 30 centimeters was not<00:41:14.240> possible<00:41:14.640> at<00:41:14.720> that<00:41:14.960> time 00:41:16.710 --> 00:41:16.720 align:start position:0% not possible at that time 00:41:16.720 --> 00:41:19.270 align:start position:0% not possible at that time and<00:41:17.040> we<00:41:17.200> did<00:41:17.440> this<00:41:17.680> probe<00:41:17.920> balancing<00:41:18.960> on<00:41:19.119> an 00:41:19.270 --> 00:41:19.280 align:start position:0% and we did this probe balancing on an 00:41:19.280 --> 00:41:21.109 align:start position:0% and we did this probe balancing on an electrocard 00:41:21.109 --> 00:41:21.119 align:start position:0% electrocard 00:41:21.119 --> 00:41:24.150 align:start position:0% electrocard 3<00:41:21.359> kilogram<00:41:22.079> and<00:41:22.400> acceleration<00:41:22.960> of<00:41:23.119> 0.8<00:41:23.520> g 00:41:24.150 --> 00:41:24.160 align:start position:0% 3 kilogram and acceleration of 0.8 g 00:41:24.160 --> 00:41:27.430 align:start position:0% 3 kilogram and acceleration of 0.8 g 8<00:41:24.319> meters<00:41:24.640> per<00:41:24.800> square<00:41:25.119> second<00:41:26.560> with 00:41:27.430 --> 00:41:27.440 align:start position:0% 8 meters per square second with 00:41:27.440 --> 00:41:31.349 align:start position:0% 8 meters per square second with about<00:41:29.000> 1.1<00:41:30.240> second 00:41:31.349 --> 00:41:31.359 align:start position:0% about 1.1 second 00:41:31.359 --> 00:41:34.470 align:start position:0% about 1.1 second frame<00:41:31.680> time<00:41:33.280> with 00:41:34.470 --> 00:41:34.480 align:start position:0% frame time with 00:41:34.480 --> 00:41:37.990 align:start position:0% frame time with four<00:41:36.000> intel<00:41:36.599> 8085 00:41:37.990 --> 00:41:38.000 align:start position:0% four intel 8085 00:41:38.000 --> 00:41:41.109 align:start position:0% four intel 8085 8-bit<00:41:38.640> microprocessors<00:41:40.240> and<00:41:40.400> when<00:41:40.640> we<00:41:40.800> came 00:41:41.109 --> 00:41:41.119 align:start position:0% 8-bit microprocessors and when we came 00:41:41.119 --> 00:41:44.069 align:start position:0% 8-bit microprocessors and when we came in<00:41:41.280> 19<00:41:42.000> when<00:41:42.240> was<00:41:42.400> it<00:41:42.560> in<00:41:42.640> 1981<00:41:43.440> we<00:41:43.599> went<00:41:43.839> to<00:41:43.920> the 00:41:44.069 --> 00:41:44.079 align:start position:0% in 19 when was it in 1981 we went to the 00:41:44.079 --> 00:41:45.589 align:start position:0% in 19 when was it in 1981 we went to the first<00:41:44.400> international<00:41:44.960> conference<00:41:45.440> and 00:41:45.589 --> 00:41:45.599 align:start position:0% first international conference and 00:41:45.599 --> 00:41:47.109 align:start position:0% first international conference and showed<00:41:45.839> this 00:41:47.109 --> 00:41:47.119 align:start position:0% showed this 00:41:47.119 --> 00:41:49.589 align:start position:0% showed this people<00:41:47.359> didn't<00:41:47.599> believe<00:41:47.920> us<00:41:49.359> that's 00:41:49.589 --> 00:41:49.599 align:start position:0% people didn't believe us that's 00:41:49.599 --> 00:41:50.710 align:start position:0% people didn't believe us that's impossible 00:41:50.710 --> 00:41:50.720 align:start position:0% impossible 00:41:50.720 --> 00:41:52.550 align:start position:0% impossible because<00:41:51.040> if<00:41:51.200> you<00:41:51.280> look<00:41:51.440> at<00:41:51.599> the<00:41:51.920> at<00:41:52.079> the<00:41:52.319> the 00:41:52.550 --> 00:41:52.560 align:start position:0% because if you look at the at the the 00:41:52.560 --> 00:41:53.750 align:start position:0% because if you look at the at the the edges<00:41:52.880> you<00:41:53.040> get<00:41:53.359> from 00:41:53.750 --> 00:41:53.760 align:start position:0% edges you get from 00:41:53.760 --> 00:41:55.990 align:start position:0% edges you get from from<00:41:53.920> the<00:41:54.160> pole<00:41:54.480> you're<00:41:54.720> balancing<00:41:55.599> they<00:41:55.839> of 00:41:55.990 --> 00:41:56.000 align:start position:0% from the pole you're balancing they of 00:41:56.000 --> 00:41:57.910 align:start position:0% from the pole you're balancing they of course<00:41:56.560> you<00:41:56.720> have<00:41:56.800> to<00:41:56.960> integrate<00:41:57.440> over<00:41:57.680> time 00:41:57.910 --> 00:41:57.920 align:start position:0% course you have to integrate over time 00:41:57.920 --> 00:41:59.990 align:start position:0% course you have to integrate over time in<00:41:58.000> order<00:41:58.240> to<00:41:58.319> get<00:41:58.480> the<00:41:58.640> image<00:41:58.960> so<00:41:59.119> you<00:41:59.280> have<00:41:59.440> to 00:41:59.990 --> 00:42:00.000 align:start position:0% in order to get the image so you have to 00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:02.069 align:start position:0% in order to get the image so you have to to<00:42:00.160> look<00:42:00.400> at<00:42:00.480> the<00:42:00.720> front<00:42:01.119> part<00:42:01.359> of<00:42:01.520> the<00:42:01.680> edge 00:42:02.069 --> 00:42:02.079 align:start position:0% to look at the front part of the edge 00:42:02.079 --> 00:42:03.430 align:start position:0% to look at the front part of the edge because<00:42:02.400> there<00:42:02.560> was<00:42:02.960> quite<00:42:03.119> a<00:42:03.200> bit<00:42:03.359> of 00:42:03.430 --> 00:42:03.440 align:start position:0% because there was quite a bit of 00:42:03.440 --> 00:42:04.710 align:start position:0% because there was quite a bit of blurring<00:42:04.000> going<00:42:04.240> on 00:42:04.710 --> 00:42:04.720 align:start position:0% blurring going on 00:42:04.720 --> 00:42:07.670 align:start position:0% blurring going on yeah<00:42:05.119> and<00:42:05.680> uh<00:42:06.240> myself<00:42:06.640> did<00:42:06.800> this<00:42:06.960> dissertation 00:42:07.670 --> 00:42:07.680 align:start position:0% yeah and uh myself did this dissertation 00:42:07.680 --> 00:42:09.190 align:start position:0% yeah and uh myself did this dissertation and 00:42:09.190 --> 00:42:09.200 align:start position:0% and 00:42:09.200 --> 00:42:12.069 align:start position:0% and together<00:42:09.520> with<00:42:09.760> haas<00:42:10.400> who<00:42:10.560> was<00:42:10.720> the<00:42:10.880> other<00:42:11.520> phd 00:42:12.069 --> 00:42:12.079 align:start position:0% together with haas who was the other phd 00:42:12.079 --> 00:42:13.910 align:start position:0% together with haas who was the other phd student<00:42:12.400> with<00:42:12.560> photographer 00:42:13.910 --> 00:42:13.920 align:start position:0% student with photographer 00:42:13.920 --> 00:42:15.270 align:start position:0% student with photographer they<00:42:14.079> really<00:42:14.319> developed<00:42:14.640> a<00:42:14.720> fine<00:42:14.960> system<00:42:15.200> and 00:42:15.270 --> 00:42:15.280 align:start position:0% they really developed a fine system and 00:42:15.280 --> 00:42:17.349 align:start position:0% they really developed a fine system and this<00:42:15.440> was<00:42:15.599> the<00:42:15.760> basic<00:42:16.160> start<00:42:16.560> for<00:42:16.720> our<00:42:16.960> method 00:42:17.349 --> 00:42:17.359 align:start position:0% this was the basic start for our method 00:42:17.359 --> 00:42:18.790 align:start position:0% this was the basic start for our method what<00:42:17.599> we<00:42:17.760> learned<00:42:18.079> from<00:42:18.240> this<00:42:18.480> simple 00:42:18.790 --> 00:42:18.800 align:start position:0% what we learned from this simple 00:42:18.800 --> 00:42:20.069 align:start position:0% what we learned from this simple application 00:42:20.069 --> 00:42:20.079 align:start position:0% application 00:42:20.079 --> 00:42:21.750 align:start position:0% application the<00:42:20.160> next<00:42:20.480> application<00:42:20.960> was<00:42:21.200> the<00:42:21.359> satellite 00:42:21.750 --> 00:42:21.760 align:start position:0% the next application was the satellite 00:42:21.760 --> 00:42:23.829 align:start position:0% the next application was the satellite talking<00:42:22.240> as<00:42:22.400> an<00:42:22.720> air<00:42:22.880> cushion<00:42:23.200> vehicle<00:42:23.599> which 00:42:23.829 --> 00:42:23.839 align:start position:0% talking as an air cushion vehicle which 00:42:23.839 --> 00:42:25.349 align:start position:0% talking as an air cushion vehicle which of<00:42:23.920> course<00:42:24.160> was<00:42:24.400> a<00:42:24.480> very<00:42:24.880> slow 00:42:25.349 --> 00:42:25.359 align:start position:0% of course was a very slow 00:42:25.359 --> 00:42:27.750 align:start position:0% of course was a very slow system<00:42:26.160> by<00:42:26.400> jet<00:42:26.640> propulsion<00:42:27.280> from<00:42:27.599> from 00:42:27.750 --> 00:42:27.760 align:start position:0% system by jet propulsion from from 00:42:27.760 --> 00:42:29.190 align:start position:0% system by jet propulsion from from compressed<00:42:28.319> air 00:42:29.190 --> 00:42:29.200 align:start position:0% compressed air 00:42:29.200 --> 00:42:32.790 align:start position:0% compressed air but<00:42:30.000> these<00:42:30.240> were<00:42:30.880> relatively<00:42:31.440> complicated 00:42:32.790 --> 00:42:32.800 align:start position:0% but these were relatively complicated 00:42:32.800 --> 00:42:35.829 align:start position:0% but these were relatively complicated hexagonal<00:42:34.160> 3d<00:42:34.640> satellite<00:42:35.040> bodies<00:42:35.599> real 00:42:35.829 --> 00:42:35.839 align:start position:0% hexagonal 3d satellite bodies real 00:42:35.839 --> 00:42:37.349 align:start position:0% hexagonal 3d satellite bodies real bodies<00:42:36.240> in<00:42:36.400> 3d<00:42:36.880> and<00:42:37.040> the 00:42:37.349 --> 00:42:37.359 align:start position:0% bodies in 3d and the 00:42:37.359 --> 00:42:39.109 align:start position:0% bodies in 3d and the system<00:42:37.680> had<00:42:37.839> to<00:42:38.000> move<00:42:38.240> around<00:42:38.640> you<00:42:38.800> can<00:42:38.880> see<00:42:39.040> it 00:42:39.109 --> 00:42:39.119 align:start position:0% system had to move around you can see it 00:42:39.119 --> 00:42:40.870 align:start position:0% system had to move around you can see it in<00:42:39.200> the<00:42:39.280> video<00:42:40.240> and 00:42:40.870 --> 00:42:40.880 align:start position:0% in the video and 00:42:40.880 --> 00:42:42.790 align:start position:0% in the video and it<00:42:41.040> decided<00:42:41.520> which<00:42:41.760> corner<00:42:42.160> to<00:42:42.240> look<00:42:42.480> in<00:42:42.640> order 00:42:42.790 --> 00:42:42.800 align:start position:0% it decided which corner to look in order 00:42:42.800 --> 00:42:44.230 align:start position:0% it decided which corner to look in order to<00:42:42.960> get<00:42:43.119> the<00:42:43.280> best 00:42:44.230 --> 00:42:44.240 align:start position:0% to get the best 00:42:44.240 --> 00:42:47.510 align:start position:0% to get the best interpretation<00:42:46.000> with<00:42:46.319> a<00:42:46.560> limited<00:42:46.960> amount<00:42:47.359> of 00:42:47.510 --> 00:42:47.520 align:start position:0% interpretation with a limited amount of 00:42:47.520 --> 00:42:49.670 align:start position:0% interpretation with a limited amount of features<00:42:47.920> available<00:42:48.480> four<00:42:48.640> or<00:42:48.800> five 00:42:49.670 --> 00:42:49.680 align:start position:0% features available four or five 00:42:49.680 --> 00:42:51.589 align:start position:0% features available four or five so<00:42:49.839> it<00:42:50.000> decided<00:42:50.400> now<00:42:50.560> i<00:42:50.640> should<00:42:51.040> look<00:42:51.280> here<00:42:51.520> and 00:42:51.589 --> 00:42:51.599 align:start position:0% so it decided now i should look here and 00:42:51.599 --> 00:42:54.150 align:start position:0% so it decided now i should look here and then<00:42:52.160> when<00:42:52.319> it<00:42:52.480> was<00:42:52.640> a<00:42:52.720> self-occlusion 00:42:54.150 --> 00:42:54.160 align:start position:0% then when it was a self-occlusion 00:42:54.160 --> 00:42:56.150 align:start position:0% then when it was a self-occlusion something<00:42:54.480> called<00:42:55.040> catastrophic<00:42:55.760> event<00:42:56.079> at 00:42:56.150 --> 00:42:56.160 align:start position:0% something called catastrophic event at 00:42:56.160 --> 00:42:57.829 align:start position:0% something called catastrophic event at that<00:42:56.319> time<00:42:56.560> in<00:42:56.640> the<00:42:56.800> literature 00:42:57.829 --> 00:42:57.839 align:start position:0% that time in the literature 00:42:57.839 --> 00:42:59.430 align:start position:0% that time in the literature it<00:42:57.920> decided<00:42:58.400> well<00:42:58.640> yes<00:42:58.880> this<00:42:59.040> is<00:42:59.119> going<00:42:59.280> to 00:42:59.430 --> 00:42:59.440 align:start position:0% it decided well yes this is going to 00:42:59.440 --> 00:43:00.950 align:start position:0% it decided well yes this is going to disappear<00:42:59.920> so<00:43:00.079> i<00:43:00.160> have<00:43:00.240> to<00:43:00.400> abandon<00:43:00.720> this<00:43:00.880> and 00:43:00.950 --> 00:43:00.960 align:start position:0% disappear so i have to abandon this and 00:43:00.960 --> 00:43:02.230 align:start position:0% disappear so i have to abandon this and go<00:43:01.119> to<00:43:01.280> another<00:43:01.520> one 00:43:02.230 --> 00:43:02.240 align:start position:0% go to another one 00:43:02.240 --> 00:43:05.910 align:start position:0% go to another one and<00:43:02.480> looking<00:43:02.800> at<00:43:03.040> the<00:43:04.160> uh 00:43:05.910 --> 00:43:05.920 align:start position:0% and looking at the uh 00:43:05.920 --> 00:43:09.430 align:start position:0% and looking at the uh the<00:43:06.079> matrix<00:43:07.200> of<00:43:07.680> of<00:43:08.000> the<00:43:08.319> the 00:43:09.430 --> 00:43:09.440 align:start position:0% the matrix of of the the 00:43:09.440 --> 00:43:12.630 align:start position:0% the matrix of of the the linear<00:43:10.839> approximation 00:43:12.630 --> 00:43:12.640 align:start position:0% linear approximation 00:43:12.640 --> 00:43:15.670 align:start position:0% linear approximation what<00:43:12.880> are<00:43:12.960> the<00:43:13.520> oh<00:43:13.760> my<00:43:14.240> my<00:43:14.720> memory<00:43:15.119> follows<00:43:15.520> and 00:43:15.670 --> 00:43:15.680 align:start position:0% what are the oh my my memory follows and 00:43:15.680 --> 00:43:16.870 align:start position:0% what are the oh my my memory follows and the<00:43:15.760> names 00:43:16.870 --> 00:43:16.880 align:start position:0% the names 00:43:16.880 --> 00:43:18.630 align:start position:0% the names jacobian<00:43:17.440> matrix<00:43:18.079> if<00:43:18.240> you<00:43:18.319> look<00:43:18.480> at<00:43:18.560> the 00:43:18.630 --> 00:43:18.640 align:start position:0% jacobian matrix if you look at the 00:43:18.640 --> 00:43:20.710 align:start position:0% jacobian matrix if you look at the jacobians<00:43:19.280> from<00:43:19.520> the<00:43:19.599> jacobian<00:43:20.079> matrix 00:43:20.710 --> 00:43:20.720 align:start position:0% jacobians from the jacobian matrix 00:43:20.720 --> 00:43:24.550 align:start position:0% jacobians from the jacobian matrix you<00:43:20.880> can<00:43:21.119> set<00:43:21.359> up<00:43:22.079> a 00:43:24.550 --> 00:43:24.560 align:start position:0% 00:43:24.560 --> 00:43:26.630 align:start position:0% feature<00:43:25.280> which<00:43:25.599> tells<00:43:25.920> you<00:43:26.319> which 00:43:26.630 --> 00:43:26.640 align:start position:0% feature which tells you which 00:43:26.640 --> 00:43:27.750 align:start position:0% feature which tells you which combination 00:43:27.750 --> 00:43:27.760 align:start position:0% combination 00:43:27.760 --> 00:43:29.990 align:start position:0% combination of<00:43:28.240> features<00:43:28.720> to<00:43:28.880> select<00:43:29.359> in<00:43:29.520> order<00:43:29.760> to<00:43:29.839> get 00:43:29.990 --> 00:43:30.000 align:start position:0% of features to select in order to get 00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:31.510 align:start position:0% of features to select in order to get the<00:43:30.079> best<00:43:30.400> interpretation 00:43:31.510 --> 00:43:31.520 align:start position:0% the best interpretation 00:43:31.520 --> 00:43:33.670 align:start position:0% the best interpretation and<00:43:31.680> this<00:43:31.839> is<00:43:31.920> what<00:43:32.079> wintry<00:43:32.560> developed<00:43:33.599> and 00:43:33.670 --> 00:43:33.680 align:start position:0% and this is what wintry developed and 00:43:33.680 --> 00:43:34.630 align:start position:0% and this is what wintry developed and he's<00:43:33.920> now<00:43:34.160> my 00:43:34.630 --> 00:43:34.640 align:start position:0% he's now my 00:43:34.640 --> 00:43:36.390 align:start position:0% he's now my my<00:43:34.880> follow-on<00:43:35.440> at<00:43:35.520> the<00:43:35.680> university<00:43:36.240> of<00:43:36.319> the 00:43:36.390 --> 00:43:36.400 align:start position:0% my follow-on at the university of the 00:43:36.400 --> 00:43:38.230 align:start position:0% my follow-on at the university of the bundeserian<00:43:37.200> so<00:43:37.440> he's 00:43:38.230 --> 00:43:38.240 align:start position:0% bundeserian so he's 00:43:38.240 --> 00:43:41.349 align:start position:0% bundeserian so he's he's<00:43:38.560> now<00:43:38.880> working<00:43:39.280> with<00:43:39.680> uh<00:43:40.880> the 00:43:41.349 --> 00:43:41.359 align:start position:0% he's now working with uh the 00:43:41.359 --> 00:43:44.870 align:start position:0% he's now working with uh the modern<00:43:41.839> uh<00:43:43.200> autonomous<00:43:43.680> vehicles 00:43:44.870 --> 00:43:44.880 align:start position:0% modern uh autonomous vehicles 00:43:44.880 --> 00:43:48.870 align:start position:0% modern uh autonomous vehicles which<00:43:45.119> are<00:43:45.200> now<00:43:45.680> vienna<00:43:46.160> uh<00:43:46.640> vw<00:43:47.680> tourx 00:43:48.870 --> 00:43:48.880 align:start position:0% which are now vienna uh vw tourx 00:43:48.880 --> 00:43:52.790 align:start position:0% which are now vienna uh vw tourx okay<00:43:49.520> yeah<00:43:49.839> yeah<00:43:50.720> so<00:43:51.040> um 00:43:52.790 --> 00:43:52.800 align:start position:0% okay yeah yeah so um 00:43:52.800 --> 00:43:55.270 align:start position:0% okay yeah yeah so um did<00:43:53.119> mercedes-benz<00:43:54.160> make<00:43:54.400> any<00:43:54.720> practical 00:43:55.270 --> 00:43:55.280 align:start position:0% did mercedes-benz make any practical 00:43:55.280 --> 00:43:56.230 align:start position:0% did mercedes-benz make any practical applications 00:43:56.230 --> 00:43:56.240 align:start position:0% applications 00:43:56.240 --> 00:43:58.150 align:start position:0% applications from<00:43:56.480> your<00:43:56.640> work<00:43:56.960> and<00:43:57.359> yes<00:43:57.599> that<00:43:57.680> they<00:43:57.839> use<00:43:58.000> on 00:43:58.150 --> 00:43:58.160 align:start position:0% from your work and yes that they use on 00:43:58.160 --> 00:43:59.270 align:start position:0% from your work and yes that they use on their<00:43:58.240> vehicles 00:43:59.270 --> 00:43:59.280 align:start position:0% their vehicles 00:43:59.280 --> 00:44:02.470 align:start position:0% their vehicles um<00:44:01.440> the<00:44:01.599> start 00:44:02.470 --> 00:44:02.480 align:start position:0% um the start 00:44:02.480 --> 00:44:06.550 align:start position:0% um the start how<00:44:02.720> to<00:44:04.319> proceed<00:44:05.359> was 00:44:06.550 --> 00:44:06.560 align:start position:0% how to proceed was 00:44:06.560 --> 00:44:07.910 align:start position:0% how to proceed was well<00:44:06.800> it<00:44:06.880> was<00:44:07.040> quite<00:44:07.280> some<00:44:07.440> discussion 00:44:07.910 --> 00:44:07.920 align:start position:0% well it was quite some discussion 00:44:07.920 --> 00:44:09.670 align:start position:0% well it was quite some discussion because<00:44:08.319> the<00:44:08.480> question<00:44:08.880> is 00:44:09.670 --> 00:44:09.680 align:start position:0% because the question is 00:44:09.680 --> 00:44:11.829 align:start position:0% because the question is vision<00:44:09.920> is<00:44:10.000> so<00:44:10.240> complex<00:44:10.800> and<00:44:10.960> you<00:44:11.119> have<00:44:11.280> to<00:44:11.440> in 00:44:11.829 --> 00:44:11.839 align:start position:0% vision is so complex and you have to in 00:44:11.839 --> 00:44:13.750 align:start position:0% vision is so complex and you have to in to<00:44:12.079> invest<00:44:12.640> quite<00:44:12.880> a<00:44:12.960> bit<00:44:13.119> in<00:44:13.280> order<00:44:13.440> to<00:44:13.599> get 00:44:13.750 --> 00:44:13.760 align:start position:0% to invest quite a bit in order to get 00:44:13.760 --> 00:44:14.550 align:start position:0% to invest quite a bit in order to get started 00:44:14.550 --> 00:44:14.560 align:start position:0% started 00:44:14.560 --> 00:44:16.870 align:start position:0% started before<00:44:14.880> you<00:44:14.960> get<00:44:15.119> the<00:44:15.280> first<00:44:15.520> result<00:44:16.560> is<00:44:16.720> it 00:44:16.870 --> 00:44:16.880 align:start position:0% before you get the first result is it 00:44:16.880 --> 00:44:18.710 align:start position:0% before you get the first result is it really<00:44:17.119> worthwhile<00:44:17.760> doing<00:44:18.000> it<00:44:18.160> for<00:44:18.319> just<00:44:18.480> one 00:44:18.710 --> 00:44:18.720 align:start position:0% really worthwhile doing it for just one 00:44:18.720 --> 00:44:19.430 align:start position:0% really worthwhile doing it for just one function 00:44:19.430 --> 00:44:19.440 align:start position:0% function 00:44:19.440 --> 00:44:21.270 align:start position:0% function or<00:44:20.000> should<00:44:20.240> we<00:44:20.400> wait<00:44:20.720> until<00:44:20.960> we<00:44:21.119> have 00:44:21.270 --> 00:44:21.280 align:start position:0% or should we wait until we have 00:44:21.280 --> 00:44:22.470 align:start position:0% or should we wait until we have developed<00:44:21.680> a<00:44:21.760> system 00:44:22.470 --> 00:44:22.480 align:start position:0% developed a system 00:44:22.480 --> 00:44:24.550 align:start position:0% developed a system which<00:44:22.800> is<00:44:22.960> able<00:44:23.359> to<00:44:23.520> do<00:44:24.000> four<00:44:24.160> or<00:44:24.319> five 00:44:24.550 --> 00:44:24.560 align:start position:0% which is able to do four or five 00:44:24.560 --> 00:44:25.589 align:start position:0% which is able to do four or five functions 00:44:25.589 --> 00:44:25.599 align:start position:0% functions 00:44:25.599 --> 00:44:27.829 align:start position:0% functions and<00:44:25.680> then<00:44:25.920> you<00:44:26.000> can<00:44:26.880> you<00:44:27.040> can<00:44:27.200> justify<00:44:27.680> the 00:44:27.829 --> 00:44:27.839 align:start position:0% and then you can you can justify the 00:44:27.839 --> 00:44:29.349 align:start position:0% and then you can you can justify the cost<00:44:28.240> of<00:44:28.319> the<00:44:28.480> system 00:44:29.349 --> 00:44:29.359 align:start position:0% cost of the system 00:44:29.359 --> 00:44:33.270 align:start position:0% cost of the system but<00:44:29.839> there<00:44:30.000> was<00:44:30.319> a<00:44:32.079> divergence 00:44:33.270 --> 00:44:33.280 align:start position:0% but there was a divergence 00:44:33.280 --> 00:44:35.430 align:start position:0% but there was a divergence with<00:44:33.440> respect<00:44:33.839> to<00:44:34.079> application<00:44:34.720> to<00:44:35.119> world 00:44:35.430 --> 00:44:35.440 align:start position:0% with respect to application to world 00:44:35.440 --> 00:44:36.309 align:start position:0% with respect to application to world application 00:44:36.309 --> 00:44:36.319 align:start position:0% application 00:44:36.319 --> 00:44:40.069 align:start position:0% application in<00:44:36.720> in<00:44:36.880> production<00:44:37.359> line<00:44:38.400> around<00:44:38.720> the<00:44:38.880> mid<00:44:39.119> 90s 00:44:40.069 --> 00:44:40.079 align:start position:0% in in production line around the mid 90s 00:44:40.079 --> 00:44:43.270 align:start position:0% in in production line around the mid 90s when<00:44:40.480> industry<00:44:40.880> decided<00:44:41.920> we<00:44:42.160> should<00:44:42.400> go<00:44:42.960> very 00:44:43.270 --> 00:44:43.280 align:start position:0% when industry decided we should go very 00:44:43.280 --> 00:44:45.109 align:start position:0% when industry decided we should go very simple<00:44:43.599> functions<00:44:44.160> like<00:44:44.400> lane<00:44:44.560> departure 00:44:45.109 --> 00:44:45.119 align:start position:0% simple functions like lane departure 00:44:45.119 --> 00:44:46.069 align:start position:0% simple functions like lane departure warning 00:44:46.069 --> 00:44:46.079 align:start position:0% warning 00:44:46.079 --> 00:44:47.829 align:start position:0% warning and<00:44:46.240> we<00:44:46.400> should<00:44:46.640> install<00:44:47.200> very<00:44:47.520> simple 00:44:47.829 --> 00:44:47.839 align:start position:0% and we should install very simple 00:44:47.839 --> 00:44:49.430 align:start position:0% and we should install very simple systems<00:44:48.319> in<00:44:48.400> the<00:44:48.560> car 00:44:49.430 --> 00:44:49.440 align:start position:0% systems in the car 00:44:49.440 --> 00:44:53.030 align:start position:0% systems in the car and<00:44:49.599> then<00:44:50.000> do<00:44:50.240> it<00:44:50.400> on<00:44:50.560> a<00:44:50.640> minimal<00:44:51.359> cost<00:44:51.760> basis 00:44:53.030 --> 00:44:53.040 align:start position:0% and then do it on a minimal cost basis 00:44:53.040 --> 00:44:55.990 align:start position:0% and then do it on a minimal cost basis uh<00:44:53.440> and<00:44:53.599> that's<00:44:53.920> what<00:44:54.319> what<00:44:54.480> was<00:44:54.800> started<00:44:55.200> and 00:44:55.990 --> 00:44:56.000 align:start position:0% uh and that's what what was started and 00:44:56.000 --> 00:44:56.870 align:start position:0% uh and that's what what was started and these<00:44:56.240> systems 00:44:56.870 --> 00:44:56.880 align:start position:0% these systems 00:44:56.880 --> 00:45:00.230 align:start position:0% these systems have<00:44:57.119> been<00:44:57.280> around<00:44:57.680> since<00:44:58.000> the<00:44:58.160> early<00:44:58.400> 90s<00:44:59.680> and 00:45:00.230 --> 00:45:00.240 align:start position:0% have been around since the early 90s and 00:45:00.240 --> 00:45:01.910 align:start position:0% have been around since the early 90s and you<00:45:00.400> can<00:45:00.560> buy<00:45:00.800> them<00:45:00.960> on<00:45:01.040> the<00:45:01.280> on<00:45:01.440> the<00:45:01.520> market 00:45:01.910 --> 00:45:01.920 align:start position:0% you can buy them on the on the market 00:45:01.920 --> 00:45:03.510 align:start position:0% you can buy them on the on the market right<00:45:02.160> now<00:45:02.480> you<00:45:02.640> can<00:45:02.800> even<00:45:03.040> buy<00:45:03.200> them<00:45:03.359> in 00:45:03.510 --> 00:45:03.520 align:start position:0% right now you can even buy them in 00:45:03.520 --> 00:45:04.069 align:start position:0% right now you can even buy them in middle<00:45:03.760> class 00:45:04.069 --> 00:45:04.079 align:start position:0% middle class 00:45:04.079 --> 00:45:07.510 align:start position:0% middle class cars<00:45:04.560> right<00:45:04.800> now<00:45:06.480> next<00:45:06.880> first<00:45:07.119> was 00:45:07.510 --> 00:45:07.520 align:start position:0% cars right now next first was 00:45:07.520 --> 00:45:08.870 align:start position:0% cars right now next first was the<00:45:07.599> lane<00:45:07.760> departure<00:45:08.240> warning<00:45:08.560> the<00:45:08.640> second 00:45:08.870 --> 00:45:08.880 align:start position:0% the lane departure warning the second 00:45:08.880 --> 00:45:11.109 align:start position:0% the lane departure warning the second one<00:45:09.119> was<00:45:10.000> distance<00:45:10.400> keeping 00:45:11.109 --> 00:45:11.119 align:start position:0% one was distance keeping 00:45:11.119 --> 00:45:15.349 align:start position:0% one was distance keeping and<00:45:11.359> industry<00:45:11.839> decided<00:45:13.119> because<00:45:14.079> the 00:45:15.349 --> 00:45:15.359 align:start position:0% and industry decided because the 00:45:15.359 --> 00:45:17.430 align:start position:0% and industry decided because the number<00:45:15.599> of<00:45:16.000> computations<00:45:16.640> you<00:45:16.800> had<00:45:16.960> to<00:45:17.119> make 00:45:17.430 --> 00:45:17.440 align:start position:0% number of computations you had to make 00:45:17.440 --> 00:45:19.190 align:start position:0% number of computations you had to make and<00:45:17.760> the<00:45:17.920> computer<00:45:18.240> systems<00:45:18.640> you<00:45:18.800> had<00:45:18.960> to<00:45:19.040> have 00:45:19.190 --> 00:45:19.200 align:start position:0% and the computer systems you had to have 00:45:19.200 --> 00:45:20.630 align:start position:0% and the computer systems you had to have available<00:45:19.680> on<00:45:19.760> board 00:45:20.630 --> 00:45:20.640 align:start position:0% available on board 00:45:20.640 --> 00:45:22.870 align:start position:0% available on board were<00:45:20.880> much<00:45:21.119> lower<00:45:21.440> for<00:45:21.599> radar<00:45:22.000> systems<00:45:22.480> so 00:45:22.870 --> 00:45:22.880 align:start position:0% were much lower for radar systems so 00:45:22.880 --> 00:45:25.030 align:start position:0% were much lower for radar systems so they<00:45:23.040> decided<00:45:23.440> to<00:45:23.599> go<00:45:23.760> for<00:45:23.920> radar<00:45:24.480> in<00:45:24.640> distance 00:45:25.030 --> 00:45:25.040 align:start position:0% they decided to go for radar in distance 00:45:25.040 --> 00:45:26.550 align:start position:0% they decided to go for radar in distance keeping 00:45:26.550 --> 00:45:26.560 align:start position:0% keeping 00:45:26.560 --> 00:45:30.309 align:start position:0% keeping what<00:45:26.800> is<00:45:26.960> called<00:45:27.920> adaptive<00:45:28.400> cruise<00:45:28.720> control 00:45:30.309 --> 00:45:30.319 align:start position:0% what is called adaptive cruise control 00:45:30.319 --> 00:45:32.309 align:start position:0% what is called adaptive cruise control but<00:45:30.480> then<00:45:30.720> of<00:45:30.800> course<00:45:31.200> in<00:45:31.440> radar<00:45:31.760> you<00:45:31.920> usually 00:45:32.309 --> 00:45:32.319 align:start position:0% but then of course in radar you usually 00:45:32.319 --> 00:45:34.150 align:start position:0% but then of course in radar you usually you<00:45:32.400> don't<00:45:32.560> see<00:45:32.720> the<00:45:32.880> road 00:45:34.150 --> 00:45:34.160 align:start position:0% you don't see the road 00:45:34.160 --> 00:45:36.309 align:start position:0% you don't see the road and<00:45:34.640> uh<00:45:34.960> it<00:45:35.119> took<00:45:35.280> some<00:45:35.520> time<00:45:35.839> until<00:45:36.160> we 00:45:36.309 --> 00:45:36.319 align:start position:0% and uh it took some time until we 00:45:36.319 --> 00:45:37.270 align:start position:0% and uh it took some time until we realized<00:45:36.720> that<00:45:36.880> maybe 00:45:37.270 --> 00:45:37.280 align:start position:0% realized that maybe 00:45:37.280 --> 00:45:41.109 align:start position:0% realized that maybe and<00:45:38.000> when<00:45:38.480> computer<00:45:39.839> availability<00:45:40.560> of 00:45:41.109 --> 00:45:41.119 align:start position:0% and when computer availability of 00:45:41.119 --> 00:45:44.829 align:start position:0% and when computer availability of low-cost<00:45:41.599> computers<00:45:42.079> became<00:45:43.520> better 00:45:44.829 --> 00:45:44.839 align:start position:0% low-cost computers became better 00:45:44.839 --> 00:45:47.910 align:start position:0% low-cost computers became better then<00:45:46.000> the<00:45:46.240> idea<00:45:46.560> came<00:45:46.800> that<00:45:47.119> why<00:45:47.359> don't<00:45:47.599> we 00:45:47.910 --> 00:45:47.920 align:start position:0% then the idea came that why don't we 00:45:47.920 --> 00:45:50.470 align:start position:0% then the idea came that why don't we combine<00:45:48.560> radar<00:45:48.960> with<00:45:49.200> vision<00:45:50.000> and<00:45:50.160> these<00:45:50.400> are 00:45:50.470 --> 00:45:50.480 align:start position:0% combine radar with vision and these are 00:45:50.480 --> 00:45:51.430 align:start position:0% combine radar with vision and these are the<00:45:50.640> systems 00:45:51.430 --> 00:45:51.440 align:start position:0% the systems 00:45:51.440 --> 00:45:53.270 align:start position:0% the systems which<00:45:51.680> have<00:45:51.839> been<00:45:52.000> developed<00:45:52.800> in<00:45:52.880> the<00:45:53.040> late 00:45:53.270 --> 00:45:53.280 align:start position:0% which have been developed in the late 00:45:53.280 --> 00:45:55.270 align:start position:0% which have been developed in the late 90s<00:45:53.920> early 00:45:55.270 --> 00:45:55.280 align:start position:0% 90s early 00:45:55.280 --> 00:45:58.150 align:start position:0% 90s early 2000s<00:45:56.560> and<00:45:56.720> they<00:45:56.880> are<00:45:57.280> coming<00:45:57.599> on<00:45:57.680> the<00:45:57.760> market 00:45:58.150 --> 00:45:58.160 align:start position:0% 2000s and they are coming on the market 00:45:58.160 --> 00:45:58.870 align:start position:0% 2000s and they are coming on the market right<00:45:58.400> now 00:45:58.870 --> 00:45:58.880 align:start position:0% right now 00:45:58.880 --> 00:45:59.990 align:start position:0% right now i<00:45:58.960> don't<00:45:59.119> know<00:45:59.200> whether<00:45:59.440> there<00:45:59.520> is<00:45:59.599> one<00:45:59.839> on<00:45:59.920> the 00:45:59.990 --> 00:46:00.000 align:start position:0% i don't know whether there is one on the 00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:03.190 align:start position:0% i don't know whether there is one on the market<00:46:00.640> i'm<00:46:01.119> retired<00:46:01.599> since<00:46:01.839> nine<00:46:02.079> years 00:46:03.190 --> 00:46:03.200 align:start position:0% market i'm retired since nine years 00:46:03.200 --> 00:46:05.990 align:start position:0% market i'm retired since nine years well<00:46:03.440> the<00:46:04.000> mercedes<00:46:04.560> has<00:46:04.800> this<00:46:05.119> uh<00:46:05.440> attention 00:46:05.990 --> 00:46:06.000 align:start position:0% well the mercedes has this uh attention 00:46:06.000 --> 00:46:07.109 align:start position:0% well the mercedes has this uh attention assist 00:46:07.109 --> 00:46:07.119 align:start position:0% assist 00:46:07.119 --> 00:46:10.069 align:start position:0% assist so<00:46:07.440> uh<00:46:08.240> it<00:46:08.400> tries<00:46:08.720> to<00:46:08.800> monitor<00:46:09.680> i<00:46:09.760> don't<00:46:09.920> know 00:46:10.069 --> 00:46:10.079 align:start position:0% so uh it tries to monitor i don't know 00:46:10.079 --> 00:46:11.829 align:start position:0% so uh it tries to monitor i don't know exactly<00:46:10.400> how<00:46:10.560> the<00:46:10.640> control<00:46:11.040> system<00:46:11.359> works<00:46:11.680> but 00:46:11.829 --> 00:46:11.839 align:start position:0% exactly how the control system works but 00:46:11.839 --> 00:46:13.510 align:start position:0% exactly how the control system works but it's<00:46:12.000> supposed<00:46:12.319> to<00:46:12.480> indicate<00:46:12.880> if<00:46:13.040> you're 00:46:13.510 --> 00:46:13.520 align:start position:0% it's supposed to indicate if you're 00:46:13.520 --> 00:46:15.670 align:start position:0% it's supposed to indicate if you're getting<00:46:13.839> sleepy<00:46:14.640> but<00:46:14.800> it's<00:46:14.960> looking<00:46:15.280> at<00:46:15.520> the 00:46:15.670 --> 00:46:15.680 align:start position:0% getting sleepy but it's looking at the 00:46:15.680 --> 00:46:17.109 align:start position:0% getting sleepy but it's looking at the driver<00:46:16.079> input<00:46:16.480> as<00:46:16.640> well<00:46:16.880> as 00:46:17.109 --> 00:46:17.119 align:start position:0% driver input as well as 00:46:17.119 --> 00:46:18.390 align:start position:0% driver input as well as this<00:46:17.200> is<00:46:17.359> right<00:46:17.599> this<00:46:17.760> is<00:46:17.920> different<00:46:18.160> there's 00:46:18.390 --> 00:46:18.400 align:start position:0% this is right this is different there's 00:46:18.400 --> 00:46:19.990 align:start position:0% this is right this is different there's a<00:46:18.480> different<00:46:18.800> system<00:46:19.119> yes<00:46:19.520> there<00:46:19.599> are<00:46:19.760> many 00:46:19.990 --> 00:46:20.000 align:start position:0% a different system yes there are many 00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:20.390 align:start position:0% a different system yes there are many many 00:46:20.390 --> 00:46:20.400 align:start position:0% many 00:46:20.400 --> 00:46:22.390 align:start position:0% many different<00:46:20.720> systems<00:46:21.119> which<00:46:21.359> have<00:46:21.520> been<00:46:22.079> single 00:46:22.390 --> 00:46:22.400 align:start position:0% different systems which have been single 00:46:22.400 --> 00:46:23.990 align:start position:0% different systems which have been single line<00:46:22.880> different<00:46:23.200> systems<00:46:23.520> which<00:46:23.680> have<00:46:23.839> been 00:46:23.990 --> 00:46:24.000 align:start position:0% line different systems which have been 00:46:24.000 --> 00:46:24.790 align:start position:0% line different systems which have been developed 00:46:24.790 --> 00:46:24.800 align:start position:0% developed 00:46:24.800 --> 00:46:27.349 align:start position:0% developed what<00:46:25.040> has<00:46:25.119> been<00:46:25.280> demonstrated<00:46:26.000> in<00:46:26.160> 1994<00:46:27.119> also 00:46:27.349 --> 00:46:27.359 align:start position:0% what has been demonstrated in 1994 also 00:46:27.359 --> 00:46:29.990 align:start position:0% what has been demonstrated in 1994 also in<00:46:27.440> paris<00:46:27.839> was<00:46:28.240> traffic<00:46:28.560> sign<00:46:28.800> recognition 00:46:29.990 --> 00:46:30.000 align:start position:0% in paris was traffic sign recognition 00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:32.950 align:start position:0% in paris was traffic sign recognition but<00:46:30.960> in<00:46:31.119> order<00:46:31.359> to<00:46:31.760> do<00:46:32.000> a<00:46:32.079> real-time 00:46:32.950 --> 00:46:32.960 align:start position:0% but in order to do a real-time 00:46:32.960 --> 00:46:34.309 align:start position:0% but in order to do a real-time demonstration<00:46:33.680> they<00:46:33.839> had 00:46:34.309 --> 00:46:34.319 align:start position:0% demonstration they had 00:46:34.319 --> 00:46:36.870 align:start position:0% demonstration they had they<00:46:34.400> had<00:46:34.640> a<00:46:35.040> separate<00:46:35.520> van<00:46:36.240> with<00:46:36.560> separate 00:46:36.870 --> 00:46:36.880 align:start position:0% they had a separate van with separate 00:46:36.880 --> 00:46:39.109 align:start position:0% they had a separate van with separate computers<00:46:37.359> on<00:46:37.520> board<00:46:37.839> and<00:46:37.920> they<00:46:38.079> were<00:46:38.240> able<00:46:38.560> to 00:46:39.109 --> 00:46:39.119 align:start position:0% computers on board and they were able to 00:46:39.119 --> 00:46:41.990 align:start position:0% computers on board and they were able to analyze<00:46:39.760> just<00:46:40.079> two<00:46:40.319> types<00:46:40.640> of<00:46:40.839> systems 00:46:41.990 --> 00:46:42.000 align:start position:0% analyze just two types of systems 00:46:42.000 --> 00:46:43.829 align:start position:0% analyze just two types of systems passing<00:46:42.400> not<00:46:42.560> allowed<00:46:43.040> and<00:46:43.280> i<00:46:43.359> think<00:46:43.520> one<00:46:43.680> or 00:46:43.829 --> 00:46:43.839 align:start position:0% passing not allowed and i think one or 00:46:43.839 --> 00:46:44.230 align:start position:0% passing not allowed and i think one or two 00:46:44.230 --> 00:46:44.240 align:start position:0% two 00:46:44.240 --> 00:46:46.710 align:start position:0% two speed<00:46:44.560> limits<00:46:45.440> so<00:46:45.680> it<00:46:45.760> was<00:46:46.000> not<00:46:46.160> possible<00:46:46.560> to 00:46:46.710 --> 00:46:46.720 align:start position:0% speed limits so it was not possible to 00:46:46.720 --> 00:46:47.589 align:start position:0% speed limits so it was not possible to integrate<00:46:47.200> this 00:46:47.589 --> 00:46:47.599 align:start position:0% integrate this 00:46:47.599 --> 00:46:51.589 align:start position:0% integrate this into<00:46:47.920> a<00:46:48.079> system<00:46:49.119> uh<00:46:49.760> at<00:46:49.920> that<00:46:50.160> time 00:46:51.589 --> 00:46:51.599 align:start position:0% into a system uh at that time 00:46:51.599 --> 00:46:54.790 align:start position:0% into a system uh at that time which<00:46:51.920> was<00:46:53.440> sufficiently<00:46:54.000> small<00:46:54.319> to<00:46:54.400> put<00:46:54.640> it 00:46:54.790 --> 00:46:54.800 align:start position:0% which was sufficiently small to put it 00:46:54.800 --> 00:46:56.150 align:start position:0% which was sufficiently small to put it into<00:46:55.040> a 00:46:56.150 --> 00:46:56.160 align:start position:0% into a 00:46:56.160 --> 00:46:59.190 align:start position:0% into a passenger<00:46:56.640> car<00:46:57.440> in<00:46:57.599> the<00:46:57.680> meantime 00:46:59.190 --> 00:46:59.200 align:start position:0% passenger car in the meantime 00:46:59.200 --> 00:47:00.950 align:start position:0% passenger car in the meantime it's<00:46:59.599> it's<00:46:59.839> completely<00:47:00.319> different<00:47:00.640> you<00:47:00.800> can 00:47:00.950 --> 00:47:00.960 align:start position:0% it's it's completely different you can 00:47:00.960 --> 00:47:03.109 align:start position:0% it's it's completely different you can buy<00:47:01.200> these<00:47:01.440> systems<00:47:01.920> reading<00:47:02.400> traffic<00:47:02.800> signs 00:47:03.109 --> 00:47:03.119 align:start position:0% buy these systems reading traffic signs 00:47:03.119 --> 00:47:04.470 align:start position:0% buy these systems reading traffic signs and<00:47:03.280> showing<00:47:03.599> them 00:47:04.470 --> 00:47:04.480 align:start position:0% and showing them 00:47:04.480 --> 00:47:06.950 align:start position:0% and showing them in<00:47:04.640> the<00:47:05.040> in<00:47:05.119> the<00:47:05.280> display<00:47:06.240> on<00:47:06.400> the<00:47:06.720> on<00:47:06.880> the 00:47:06.950 --> 00:47:06.960 align:start position:0% in the in the display on the on the 00:47:06.960 --> 00:47:08.069 align:start position:0% in the in the display on the on the dashboard 00:47:08.069 --> 00:47:08.079 align:start position:0% dashboard 00:47:08.079 --> 00:47:12.790 align:start position:0% dashboard so<00:47:08.240> these<00:47:08.560> are<00:47:08.839> available<00:47:09.920> and<00:47:10.480> what<00:47:10.720> else 00:47:12.790 --> 00:47:12.800 align:start position:0% so these are available and what else 00:47:12.800 --> 00:47:16.470 align:start position:0% so these are available and what else i<00:47:12.960> think<00:47:14.720> in<00:47:14.880> preparation<00:47:15.599> are<00:47:15.760> also 00:47:16.470 --> 00:47:16.480 align:start position:0% i think in preparation are also 00:47:16.480 --> 00:47:19.510 align:start position:0% i think in preparation are also warning<00:47:16.880> systems<00:47:17.440> for<00:47:18.319> if<00:47:18.560> you<00:47:18.960> access 00:47:19.510 --> 00:47:19.520 align:start position:0% warning systems for if you access 00:47:19.520 --> 00:47:22.069 align:start position:0% warning systems for if you access a<00:47:19.680> crossing<00:47:20.640> to<00:47:20.800> see<00:47:21.040> whether<00:47:21.359> there<00:47:21.520> are 00:47:22.069 --> 00:47:22.079 align:start position:0% a crossing to see whether there are 00:47:22.079 --> 00:47:24.150 align:start position:0% a crossing to see whether there are vehicles<00:47:22.559> coming<00:47:22.880> from<00:47:23.040> the<00:47:23.200> site 00:47:24.150 --> 00:47:24.160 align:start position:0% vehicles coming from the site 00:47:24.160 --> 00:47:27.990 align:start position:0% vehicles coming from the site so<00:47:24.480> first<00:47:24.960> single<00:47:25.760> um<00:47:26.880> investigations 00:47:27.990 --> 00:47:28.000 align:start position:0% so first single um investigations 00:47:28.000 --> 00:47:30.470 align:start position:0% so first single um investigations have<00:47:28.240> been<00:47:28.480> done<00:47:29.599> started<00:47:30.079> during<00:47:30.319> the 00:47:30.470 --> 00:47:30.480 align:start position:0% have been done started during the 00:47:30.480 --> 00:47:31.589 align:start position:0% have been done started during the prometheus 00:47:31.589 --> 00:47:31.599 align:start position:0% prometheus 00:47:31.599 --> 00:47:34.790 align:start position:0% prometheus project<00:47:32.720> but<00:47:33.440> these<00:47:33.680> were<00:47:33.839> cameras<00:47:34.319> mounted 00:47:34.790 --> 00:47:34.800 align:start position:0% project but these were cameras mounted 00:47:34.800 --> 00:47:36.630 align:start position:0% project but these were cameras mounted looking<00:47:35.119> to<00:47:35.280> one<00:47:35.520> side<00:47:35.760> and<00:47:35.920> camera<00:47:36.319> mounted 00:47:36.630 --> 00:47:36.640 align:start position:0% looking to one side and camera mounted 00:47:36.640 --> 00:47:38.069 align:start position:0% looking to one side and camera mounted to<00:47:36.800> this<00:47:36.960> side<00:47:37.200> and<00:47:37.359> one<00:47:37.520> camera<00:47:37.839> looking 00:47:38.069 --> 00:47:38.079 align:start position:0% to this side and one camera looking 00:47:38.079 --> 00:47:38.950 align:start position:0% to this side and one camera looking ahead 00:47:38.950 --> 00:47:38.960 align:start position:0% ahead 00:47:38.960 --> 00:47:40.710 align:start position:0% ahead and<00:47:39.119> of<00:47:39.200> course<00:47:39.440> if<00:47:39.599> you<00:47:39.680> look<00:47:39.839> at<00:47:40.000> all<00:47:40.160> of<00:47:40.240> this 00:47:40.710 --> 00:47:40.720 align:start position:0% and of course if you look at all of this 00:47:40.720 --> 00:47:41.990 align:start position:0% and of course if you look at all of this in<00:47:40.880> a<00:47:41.119> in<00:47:41.280> a<00:47:41.359> real 00:47:41.990 --> 00:47:42.000 align:start position:0% in a in a real 00:47:42.000 --> 00:47:44.069 align:start position:0% in a in a real world<00:47:42.400> system<00:47:42.800> which<00:47:43.040> you<00:47:43.359> want<00:47:43.520> to<00:47:43.760> sell 00:47:44.069 --> 00:47:44.079 align:start position:0% world system which you want to sell 00:47:44.079 --> 00:47:45.270 align:start position:0% world system which you want to sell somebody 00:47:45.270 --> 00:47:45.280 align:start position:0% somebody 00:47:45.280 --> 00:47:47.829 align:start position:0% somebody costs<00:47:46.240> are<00:47:46.400> so<00:47:46.559> high<00:47:46.880> you<00:47:46.960> could<00:47:47.200> do<00:47:47.359> it<00:47:47.760> and 00:47:47.829 --> 00:47:47.839 align:start position:0% costs are so high you could do it and 00:47:47.839 --> 00:47:50.390 align:start position:0% costs are so high you could do it and that's<00:47:48.160> why<00:47:48.400> we<00:47:48.559> came<00:47:48.800> to<00:47:48.880> the<00:47:49.040> conclusion 00:47:50.390 --> 00:47:50.400 align:start position:0% that's why we came to the conclusion 00:47:50.400 --> 00:47:53.829 align:start position:0% that's why we came to the conclusion we<00:47:50.640> should<00:47:50.800> develop<00:47:51.359> a 00:47:53.829 --> 00:47:53.839 align:start position:0% we should develop a 00:47:53.839 --> 00:47:55.510 align:start position:0% we should develop a vehicle<00:47:54.240> eye<00:47:54.640> with<00:47:54.880> the<00:47:54.960> properties<00:47:55.440> i 00:47:55.510 --> 00:47:55.520 align:start position:0% vehicle eye with the properties i 00:47:55.520 --> 00:47:57.589 align:start position:0% vehicle eye with the properties i mentioned<00:47:55.839> before<00:47:56.800> and<00:47:56.960> then 00:47:57.589 --> 00:47:57.599 align:start position:0% mentioned before and then 00:47:57.599 --> 00:48:00.790 align:start position:0% mentioned before and then develop<00:47:58.160> the<00:47:58.400> entire<00:47:59.599> software<00:48:00.079> around<00:48:00.480> it<00:48:00.640> to 00:48:00.790 --> 00:48:00.800 align:start position:0% develop the entire software around it to 00:48:00.800 --> 00:48:01.910 align:start position:0% develop the entire software around it to be<00:48:00.880> very<00:48:01.119> flexible 00:48:01.910 --> 00:48:01.920 align:start position:0% be very flexible 00:48:01.920 --> 00:48:04.950 align:start position:0% be very flexible and<00:48:02.079> since<00:48:02.480> industry<00:48:03.040> was<00:48:03.280> not<00:48:04.160> willing<00:48:04.640> to<00:48:04.800> do 00:48:04.950 --> 00:48:04.960 align:start position:0% and since industry was not willing to do 00:48:04.960 --> 00:48:06.390 align:start position:0% and since industry was not willing to do this<00:48:05.280> or<00:48:05.920> they 00:48:06.390 --> 00:48:06.400 align:start position:0% this or they 00:48:06.400 --> 00:48:08.710 align:start position:0% this or they didn't<00:48:06.720> expect<00:48:07.119> getting<00:48:07.359> the<00:48:07.520> money<00:48:08.400> so<00:48:08.559> we 00:48:08.710 --> 00:48:08.720 align:start position:0% didn't expect getting the money so we 00:48:08.720 --> 00:48:09.670 align:start position:0% didn't expect getting the money so we decided 00:48:09.670 --> 00:48:09.680 align:start position:0% decided 00:48:09.680 --> 00:48:12.630 align:start position:0% decided to<00:48:09.920> leave<00:48:10.400> this<00:48:10.720> type<00:48:10.960> of<00:48:11.119> civil<00:48:11.440> development 00:48:12.630 --> 00:48:12.640 align:start position:0% to leave this type of civil development 00:48:12.640 --> 00:48:12.950 align:start position:0% to leave this type of civil development and 00:48:12.950 --> 00:48:12.960 align:start position:0% and 00:48:12.960 --> 00:48:14.630 align:start position:0% and join<00:48:13.280> the<00:48:13.440> more<00:48:13.599> military<00:48:14.079> developments 00:48:14.630 --> 00:48:14.640 align:start position:0% join the more military developments 00:48:14.640 --> 00:48:16.390 align:start position:0% join the more military developments which<00:48:14.880> were<00:48:15.040> going<00:48:15.280> on<00:48:15.440> both<00:48:15.680> in<00:48:15.839> germany 00:48:16.390 --> 00:48:16.400 align:start position:0% which were going on both in germany 00:48:16.400 --> 00:48:20.510 align:start position:0% which were going on both in germany and<00:48:16.640> in<00:48:16.720> the<00:48:16.800> us<00:48:17.760> and<00:48:18.000> since<00:48:18.319> that<00:48:18.559> time<00:48:18.800> since 00:48:20.510 --> 00:48:20.520 align:start position:0% and in the us and since that time since 00:48:20.520 --> 00:48:22.230 align:start position:0% and in the us and since that time since 1995 00:48:22.230 --> 00:48:22.240 align:start position:0% 1995 00:48:22.240 --> 00:48:24.309 align:start position:0% 1995 we<00:48:22.400> did<00:48:22.559> have<00:48:22.720> a<00:48:22.800> cooperation<00:48:23.520> with<00:48:23.760> several 00:48:24.309 --> 00:48:24.319 align:start position:0% we did have a cooperation with several 00:48:24.319 --> 00:48:26.630 align:start position:0% we did have a cooperation with several uh<00:48:24.800> american 00:48:26.630 --> 00:48:26.640 align:start position:0% uh american 00:48:26.640 --> 00:48:28.950 align:start position:0% uh american institutions<00:48:27.440> like<00:48:27.680> sound<00:48:27.920> of<00:48:28.079> research<00:48:28.720> and 00:48:28.950 --> 00:48:28.960 align:start position:0% institutions like sound of research and 00:48:28.960 --> 00:48:30.230 align:start position:0% institutions like sound of research and national<00:48:29.359> institute<00:48:29.680> of<00:48:29.839> standard 00:48:30.230 --> 00:48:30.240 align:start position:0% national institute of standard 00:48:30.240 --> 00:48:31.589 align:start position:0% national institute of standard technology 00:48:31.589 --> 00:48:31.599 align:start position:0% technology 00:48:31.599 --> 00:48:33.910 align:start position:0% technology and<00:48:31.839> we<00:48:32.000> developed<00:48:32.400> these<00:48:32.640> systems<00:48:33.280> the<00:48:33.280> the 00:48:33.910 --> 00:48:33.920 align:start position:0% and we developed these systems the the 00:48:33.920 --> 00:48:35.670 align:start position:0% and we developed these systems the the ems<00:48:34.400> system<00:48:34.720> we<00:48:34.880> developed<00:48:35.359> in 00:48:35.670 --> 00:48:35.680 align:start position:0% ems system we developed in 00:48:35.680 --> 00:48:37.510 align:start position:0% ems system we developed in connection<00:48:36.079> with<00:48:36.240> these<00:48:36.880> and<00:48:37.040> the<00:48:37.200> german 00:48:37.510 --> 00:48:37.520 align:start position:0% connection with these and the german 00:48:37.520 --> 00:48:39.910 align:start position:0% connection with these and the german ministry<00:48:38.000> of<00:48:38.079> defense 00:48:39.910 --> 00:48:39.920 align:start position:0% ministry of defense 00:48:39.920 --> 00:48:41.349 align:start position:0% ministry of defense so<00:48:40.160> what<00:48:40.240> were<00:48:40.400> some<00:48:40.559> of<00:48:40.720> the<00:48:40.800> military 00:48:41.349 --> 00:48:41.359 align:start position:0% so what were some of the military 00:48:41.359 --> 00:48:43.190 align:start position:0% so what were some of the military applications<00:48:42.160> or<00:48:42.240> have<00:48:42.400> they<00:48:42.559> made 00:48:43.190 --> 00:48:43.200 align:start position:0% applications or have they made 00:48:43.200 --> 00:48:45.750 align:start position:0% applications or have they made applications<00:48:44.000> out<00:48:44.160> of<00:48:44.319> it<00:48:44.880> well<00:48:45.119> of<00:48:45.280> course 00:48:45.750 --> 00:48:45.760 align:start position:0% applications out of it well of course 00:48:45.760 --> 00:48:48.069 align:start position:0% applications out of it well of course vehicle<00:48:46.079> guidance<00:48:46.480> on<00:48:46.559> road<00:48:47.280> running 00:48:48.069 --> 00:48:48.079 align:start position:0% vehicle guidance on road running 00:48:48.079 --> 00:48:51.430 align:start position:0% vehicle guidance on road running this<00:48:48.319> is<00:48:48.480> one<00:48:49.359> and<00:48:50.400> detecting<00:48:51.040> negative 00:48:51.430 --> 00:48:51.440 align:start position:0% this is one and detecting negative 00:48:51.440 --> 00:48:52.069 align:start position:0% this is one and detecting negative obstacles 00:48:52.069 --> 00:48:52.079 align:start position:0% obstacles 00:48:52.079 --> 00:48:55.510 align:start position:0% obstacles is<00:48:52.240> another<00:48:52.480> one<00:48:53.520> what<00:48:53.760> is<00:48:53.920> really<00:48:54.240> available 00:48:55.510 --> 00:48:55.520 align:start position:0% is another one what is really available 00:48:55.520 --> 00:48:58.230 align:start position:0% is another one what is really available in<00:48:56.079> application<00:48:56.880> i<00:48:57.040> guess<00:48:57.280> it's<00:48:57.520> very<00:48:58.000> very 00:48:58.230 --> 00:48:58.240 align:start position:0% in application i guess it's very very 00:48:58.240 --> 00:48:59.030 align:start position:0% in application i guess it's very very little 00:48:59.030 --> 00:48:59.040 align:start position:0% little 00:48:59.040 --> 00:49:02.549 align:start position:0% little it's<00:48:59.280> still<00:48:59.680> too<00:48:59.839> early<00:49:00.319> it's<00:49:00.960> too<00:49:01.200> complex 00:49:02.549 --> 00:49:02.559 align:start position:0% it's still too early it's too complex 00:49:02.559 --> 00:49:05.910 align:start position:0% it's still too early it's too complex to<00:49:02.800> be<00:49:03.040> introduced<00:49:04.559> and<00:49:04.640> to<00:49:04.800> be<00:49:04.960> competitive 00:49:05.910 --> 00:49:05.920 align:start position:0% to be introduced and to be competitive 00:49:05.920 --> 00:49:09.910 align:start position:0% to be introduced and to be competitive so<00:49:06.160> it's<00:49:06.319> still<00:49:06.480> in<00:49:06.640> the<00:49:06.720> research<00:49:07.760> area 00:49:09.910 --> 00:49:09.920 align:start position:0% so it's still in the research area 00:49:09.920 --> 00:49:13.430 align:start position:0% so it's still in the research area right<00:49:10.480> um 00:49:13.430 --> 00:49:13.440 align:start position:0% 00:49:13.440 --> 00:49:16.390 align:start position:0% so<00:49:13.760> as<00:49:13.920> far<00:49:14.160> as<00:49:14.800> the<00:49:15.359> autonomously<00:49:16.000> driving 00:49:16.390 --> 00:49:16.400 align:start position:0% so as far as the autonomously driving 00:49:16.400 --> 00:49:17.270 align:start position:0% so as far as the autonomously driving vehicles 00:49:17.270 --> 00:49:17.280 align:start position:0% vehicles 00:49:17.280 --> 00:49:19.109 align:start position:0% vehicles were<00:49:17.520> you<00:49:17.599> ever<00:49:18.160> riding<00:49:18.559> in<00:49:18.640> the<00:49:18.720> vehicle 00:49:19.109 --> 00:49:19.119 align:start position:0% were you ever riding in the vehicle 00:49:19.119 --> 00:49:20.950 align:start position:0% were you ever riding in the vehicle while<00:49:19.359> it<00:49:19.440> was<00:49:19.760> driving<00:49:20.240> itself 00:49:20.950 --> 00:49:20.960 align:start position:0% while it was driving itself 00:49:20.960 --> 00:49:24.069 align:start position:0% while it was driving itself sure<00:49:22.319> it's<00:49:22.559> a<00:49:22.640> strange<00:49:23.119> feeling<00:49:23.599> the<00:49:23.760> first 00:49:24.069 --> 00:49:24.079 align:start position:0% sure it's a strange feeling the first 00:49:24.079 --> 00:49:24.630 align:start position:0% sure it's a strange feeling the first time 00:49:24.630 --> 00:49:24.640 align:start position:0% time 00:49:24.640 --> 00:49:28.150 align:start position:0% time i<00:49:25.040> got<00:49:25.280> into<00:49:25.599> the<00:49:26.000> there's<00:49:26.240> a<00:49:26.319> five-ton<00:49:26.880> van 00:49:28.150 --> 00:49:28.160 align:start position:0% i got into the there's a five-ton van 00:49:28.160 --> 00:49:31.270 align:start position:0% i got into the there's a five-ton van and<00:49:28.880> when<00:49:29.119> this<00:49:29.599> uh<00:49:30.160> accelerates 00:49:31.270 --> 00:49:31.280 align:start position:0% and when this uh accelerates 00:49:31.280 --> 00:49:33.910 align:start position:0% and when this uh accelerates like<00:49:31.520> a<00:49:31.599> human<00:49:31.920> driver<00:49:32.480> really<00:49:33.359> with<00:49:33.599> all<00:49:33.760> its 00:49:33.910 --> 00:49:33.920 align:start position:0% like a human driver really with all its 00:49:33.920 --> 00:49:34.790 align:start position:0% like a human driver really with all its power<00:49:34.240> it<00:49:34.400> has 00:49:34.790 --> 00:49:34.800 align:start position:0% power it has 00:49:34.800 --> 00:49:37.109 align:start position:0% power it has uh<00:49:35.040> the<00:49:35.200> first<00:49:35.599> ten<00:49:35.760> minutes<00:49:36.319> uh<00:49:36.800> you<00:49:36.960> were 00:49:37.109 --> 00:49:37.119 align:start position:0% uh the first ten minutes uh you were 00:49:37.119 --> 00:49:38.230 align:start position:0% uh the first ten minutes uh you were very 00:49:38.230 --> 00:49:38.240 align:start position:0% very 00:49:38.240 --> 00:49:39.990 align:start position:0% very uh<00:49:38.559> anxious<00:49:39.119> what's<00:49:39.359> going<00:49:39.520> to<00:49:39.680> happen<00:49:39.920> and 00:49:39.990 --> 00:49:40.000 align:start position:0% uh anxious what's going to happen and 00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:41.430 align:start position:0% uh anxious what's going to happen and then<00:49:40.160> you<00:49:40.319> see<00:49:40.880> well 00:49:41.430 --> 00:49:41.440 align:start position:0% then you see well 00:49:41.440 --> 00:49:44.549 align:start position:0% then you see well he<00:49:41.599> behaves<00:49:42.240> like<00:49:42.480> a<00:49:42.559> human<00:49:42.880> behaves<00:49:43.359> and 00:49:44.549 --> 00:49:44.559 align:start position:0% he behaves like a human behaves and 00:49:44.559 --> 00:49:47.270 align:start position:0% he behaves like a human behaves and you<00:49:44.720> get<00:49:44.880> accustomed<00:49:45.359> to<00:49:45.520> it<00:49:45.760> and<00:49:46.480> we<00:49:46.720> always 00:49:47.270 --> 00:49:47.280 align:start position:0% you get accustomed to it and we always 00:49:47.280 --> 00:49:49.990 align:start position:0% you get accustomed to it and we always had<00:49:47.520> a<00:49:47.599> safety<00:49:48.000> driver<00:49:48.480> in<00:49:48.559> the<00:49:48.720> seat 00:49:49.990 --> 00:49:50.000 align:start position:0% had a safety driver in the seat 00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:53.109 align:start position:0% had a safety driver in the seat and<00:49:50.559> he<00:49:50.720> was<00:49:50.960> able<00:49:51.280> to<00:49:52.160> intervene<00:49:52.800> when 00:49:53.109 --> 00:49:53.119 align:start position:0% and he was able to intervene when 00:49:53.119 --> 00:49:55.670 align:start position:0% and he was able to intervene when something<00:49:53.440> happened<00:49:55.040> but<00:49:55.280> we've<00:49:55.440> been 00:49:55.670 --> 00:49:55.680 align:start position:0% something happened but we've been 00:49:55.680 --> 00:49:56.710 align:start position:0% something happened but we've been driving 00:49:56.710 --> 00:49:56.720 align:start position:0% driving 00:49:56.720 --> 00:50:00.630 align:start position:0% driving not<00:49:56.960> only<00:49:57.200> in<00:49:57.280> the<00:49:57.440> car<00:49:57.680> since<00:49:59.000> 1986 00:50:00.630 --> 00:50:00.640 align:start position:0% not only in the car since 1986 00:50:00.640 --> 00:50:02.549 align:start position:0% not only in the car since 1986 but<00:50:00.880> we've<00:50:01.040> been<00:50:01.280> driving<00:50:01.599> in<00:50:01.760> public<00:50:02.160> traffic 00:50:02.549 --> 00:50:02.559 align:start position:0% but we've been driving in public traffic 00:50:02.559 --> 00:50:04.950 align:start position:0% but we've been driving in public traffic since<00:50:02.880> 1992 00:50:04.950 --> 00:50:04.960 align:start position:0% since 1992 00:50:04.960 --> 00:50:08.069 align:start position:0% since 1992 in<00:50:05.280> on<00:50:05.359> the<00:50:05.520> autobahn<00:50:06.240> on<00:50:06.480> bundeslars<00:50:07.280> and<00:50:07.920> on 00:50:08.069 --> 00:50:08.079 align:start position:0% in on the autobahn on bundeslars and on 00:50:08.079 --> 00:50:09.270 align:start position:0% in on the autobahn on bundeslars and on small<00:50:08.480> roads 00:50:09.270 --> 00:50:09.280 align:start position:0% small roads 00:50:09.280 --> 00:50:13.030 align:start position:0% small roads so<00:50:11.359> there<00:50:11.520> was<00:50:12.000> uh 00:50:13.030 --> 00:50:13.040 align:start position:0% so there was uh 00:50:13.040 --> 00:50:15.270 align:start position:0% so there was uh well<00:50:13.280> we<00:50:13.440> had<00:50:13.520> to<00:50:13.599> have<00:50:13.760> a<00:50:13.839> special<00:50:14.640> license 00:50:15.270 --> 00:50:15.280 align:start position:0% well we had to have a special license 00:50:15.280 --> 00:50:17.190 align:start position:0% well we had to have a special license from<00:50:15.599> the<00:50:16.000> german<00:50:16.319> military 00:50:17.190 --> 00:50:17.200 align:start position:0% from the german military 00:50:17.200 --> 00:50:19.829 align:start position:0% from the german military organization<00:50:17.920> to<00:50:18.079> do<00:50:18.240> this<00:50:18.960> but<00:50:19.119> after<00:50:19.680> they 00:50:19.829 --> 00:50:19.839 align:start position:0% organization to do this but after they 00:50:19.839 --> 00:50:21.109 align:start position:0% organization to do this but after they have<00:50:20.079> observed<00:50:20.559> this 00:50:21.109 --> 00:50:21.119 align:start position:0% have observed this 00:50:21.119 --> 00:50:24.150 align:start position:0% have observed this us<00:50:21.440> for<00:50:22.319> i<00:50:22.400> think<00:50:22.640> about<00:50:22.800> 10<00:50:23.040> years 00:50:24.150 --> 00:50:24.160 align:start position:0% us for i think about 10 years 00:50:24.160 --> 00:50:26.069 align:start position:0% us for i think about 10 years uh<00:50:24.400> yeah<00:50:24.640> somewhere<00:50:24.960> like<00:50:25.119> 10<00:50:25.280> years<00:50:25.920> they 00:50:26.069 --> 00:50:26.079 align:start position:0% uh yeah somewhere like 10 years they 00:50:26.079 --> 00:50:28.390 align:start position:0% uh yeah somewhere like 10 years they said<00:50:26.240> well<00:50:26.400> yeah<00:50:26.640> you<00:50:26.800> can<00:50:26.960> do<00:50:27.119> it 00:50:28.390 --> 00:50:28.400 align:start position:0% said well yeah you can do it 00:50:28.400 --> 00:50:31.270 align:start position:0% said well yeah you can do it but<00:50:28.800> they<00:50:28.960> have<00:50:29.119> to<00:50:29.280> be<00:50:29.920> two<00:50:30.559> or<00:50:30.720> sometimes 00:50:31.270 --> 00:50:31.280 align:start position:0% but they have to be two or sometimes 00:50:31.280 --> 00:50:33.349 align:start position:0% but they have to be two or sometimes three<00:50:31.520> people<00:50:31.760> in<00:50:31.920> the<00:50:32.000> car 00:50:33.349 --> 00:50:33.359 align:start position:0% three people in the car 00:50:33.359 --> 00:50:35.270 align:start position:0% three people in the car so<00:50:33.760> we<00:50:33.839> were<00:50:34.000> not<00:50:34.160> allowed<00:50:34.480> to<00:50:34.720> to<00:50:34.880> have<00:50:35.119> a 00:50:35.270 --> 00:50:35.280 align:start position:0% so we were not allowed to to have a 00:50:35.280 --> 00:50:37.589 align:start position:0% so we were not allowed to to have a fully<00:50:35.599> autonomous<00:50:36.000> vehicle<00:50:36.319> nobody<00:50:36.720> on<00:50:36.880> board 00:50:37.589 --> 00:50:37.599 align:start position:0% fully autonomous vehicle nobody on board 00:50:37.599 --> 00:50:41.589 align:start position:0% fully autonomous vehicle nobody on board running<00:50:38.240> in<00:50:38.400> public<00:50:38.720> traffic<00:50:39.119> because<00:50:39.680> uh 00:50:41.589 --> 00:50:41.599 align:start position:0% running in public traffic because uh 00:50:41.599 --> 00:50:43.750 align:start position:0% running in public traffic because uh i<00:50:41.760> think<00:50:42.000> the<00:50:42.319> they<00:50:42.559> assumed<00:50:42.960> that<00:50:43.520> those 00:50:43.750 --> 00:50:43.760 align:start position:0% i think the they assumed that those 00:50:43.760 --> 00:50:45.430 align:start position:0% i think the they assumed that those people<00:50:44.079> in<00:50:44.160> the<00:50:44.240> car<00:50:44.480> they<00:50:44.640> want<00:50:44.880> to<00:50:44.960> survive 00:50:45.430 --> 00:50:45.440 align:start position:0% people in the car they want to survive 00:50:45.440 --> 00:50:48.390 align:start position:0% people in the car they want to survive and<00:50:45.599> they'll<00:50:45.839> be<00:50:46.000> very<00:50:46.240> careful 00:50:48.390 --> 00:50:48.400 align:start position:0% and they'll be very careful 00:50:48.400 --> 00:50:49.990 align:start position:0% and they'll be very careful good<00:50:48.640> insurance<00:50:49.119> policy<00:50:49.520> but<00:50:49.680> you<00:50:49.760> took<00:50:49.920> it 00:50:49.990 --> 00:50:50.000 align:start position:0% good insurance policy but you took it 00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:51.589 align:start position:0% good insurance policy but you took it down<00:50:50.240> to<00:50:50.319> the<00:50:50.400> autobahn<00:50:51.119> at 00:50:51.589 --> 00:50:51.599 align:start position:0% down to the autobahn at 00:50:51.599 --> 00:50:54.790 align:start position:0% down to the autobahn at very<00:50:51.839> high<00:50:52.000> speeds<00:50:52.640> okay<00:50:53.440> well<00:50:53.920> on<00:50:54.319> we 00:50:54.790 --> 00:50:54.800 align:start position:0% very high speeds okay well on we 00:50:54.800 --> 00:50:58.069 align:start position:0% very high speeds okay well on we in<00:50:55.359> in<00:50:55.440> the<00:50:55.599> european<00:50:56.079> project<00:50:56.640> uh<00:50:56.880> cleopatra 00:50:58.069 --> 00:50:58.079 align:start position:0% in in the european project uh cleopatra 00:50:58.079 --> 00:51:02.870 align:start position:0% in in the european project uh cleopatra this<00:50:58.240> was<00:50:58.480> in<00:50:59.880> 1995<00:51:01.040> 96. 00:51:02.870 --> 00:51:02.880 align:start position:0% this was in 1995 96. 00:51:02.880 --> 00:51:05.030 align:start position:0% this was in 1995 96. there<00:51:03.040> were<00:51:03.280> other<00:51:03.599> groups<00:51:04.000> one<00:51:04.319> danish<00:51:04.720> group 00:51:05.030 --> 00:51:05.040 align:start position:0% there were other groups one danish group 00:51:05.040 --> 00:51:06.870 align:start position:0% there were other groups one danish group that<00:51:05.200> hit 00:51:06.870 --> 00:51:06.880 align:start position:0% that hit 00:51:06.880 --> 00:51:10.710 align:start position:0% that hit schweissen<00:51:07.760> in<00:51:08.240> shipyarding<00:51:09.440> shipbuilding 00:51:10.710 --> 00:51:10.720 align:start position:0% schweissen in shipyarding shipbuilding 00:51:10.720 --> 00:51:16.069 align:start position:0% schweissen in shipyarding shipbuilding um<00:51:11.359> we<00:51:11.520> call<00:51:11.680> this<00:51:12.079> schweizen 00:51:16.069 --> 00:51:16.079 align:start position:0% 00:51:16.079 --> 00:51:19.750 align:start position:0% fuse<00:51:18.480> plates<00:51:18.800> of<00:51:19.040> of<00:51:19.359> iron 00:51:19.750 --> 00:51:19.760 align:start position:0% fuse plates of of iron 00:51:19.760 --> 00:51:22.630 align:start position:0% fuse plates of of iron oh<00:51:19.920> well<00:51:20.079> done<00:51:20.559> welding<00:51:20.960> yes<00:51:22.160> and<00:51:22.319> there<00:51:22.400> was<00:51:22.559> a 00:51:22.630 --> 00:51:22.640 align:start position:0% oh well done welding yes and there was a 00:51:22.640 --> 00:51:23.750 align:start position:0% oh well done welding yes and there was a meeting<00:51:22.960> in<00:51:23.040> oregon 00:51:23.750 --> 00:51:23.760 align:start position:0% meeting in oregon 00:51:23.760 --> 00:51:25.750 align:start position:0% meeting in oregon in<00:51:24.240> denmark<00:51:24.640> which<00:51:24.800> is<00:51:24.880> 1600<00:51:25.359> kilometer 00:51:25.750 --> 00:51:25.760 align:start position:0% in denmark which is 1600 kilometer 00:51:25.760 --> 00:51:26.790 align:start position:0% in denmark which is 1600 kilometer kilometers 00:51:26.790 --> 00:51:26.800 align:start position:0% kilometers 00:51:26.800 --> 00:51:28.950 align:start position:0% kilometers north<00:51:27.040> of<00:51:27.119> munich<00:51:27.599> so<00:51:27.839> they<00:51:28.000> decided<00:51:28.800> two 00:51:28.950 --> 00:51:28.960 align:start position:0% north of munich so they decided two 00:51:28.960 --> 00:51:30.150 align:start position:0% north of munich so they decided two people<00:51:29.200> decided 00:51:30.150 --> 00:51:30.160 align:start position:0% people decided 00:51:30.160 --> 00:51:33.270 align:start position:0% people decided after<00:51:30.559> in<00:51:31.680> april<00:51:32.079> or<00:51:32.240> march 00:51:33.270 --> 00:51:33.280 align:start position:0% after in april or march 00:51:33.280 --> 00:51:35.510 align:start position:0% after in april or march the<00:51:33.760> cmu<00:51:34.240> group<00:51:34.559> which<00:51:34.720> was<00:51:34.880> our<00:51:35.040> competitor 00:51:35.510 --> 00:51:35.520 align:start position:0% the cmu group which was our competitor 00:51:35.520 --> 00:51:36.390 align:start position:0% the cmu group which was our competitor in<00:51:35.599> the<00:51:35.680> us 00:51:36.390 --> 00:51:36.400 align:start position:0% in the us 00:51:36.400 --> 00:51:38.069 align:start position:0% in the us they<00:51:36.559> had<00:51:36.800> done<00:51:37.040> the<00:51:37.359> hands<00:51:37.680> off<00:51:37.920> through 00:51:38.069 --> 00:51:38.079 align:start position:0% they had done the hands off through 00:51:38.079 --> 00:51:39.750 align:start position:0% they had done the hands off through america<00:51:39.200> so 00:51:39.750 --> 00:51:39.760 align:start position:0% america so 00:51:39.760 --> 00:51:42.069 align:start position:0% america so the<00:51:40.640> longitudinal<00:51:41.200> control<00:51:41.599> was<00:51:41.760> done<00:51:41.920> by 00:51:42.069 --> 00:51:42.079 align:start position:0% the longitudinal control was done by 00:51:42.079 --> 00:51:43.910 align:start position:0% the longitudinal control was done by human<00:51:42.400> driver<00:51:42.800> but<00:51:42.960> electric<00:51:43.280> control<00:51:43.680> was 00:51:43.910 --> 00:51:43.920 align:start position:0% human driver but electric control was 00:51:43.920 --> 00:51:44.230 align:start position:0% human driver but electric control was done 00:51:44.230 --> 00:51:44.240 align:start position:0% done 00:51:44.240 --> 00:51:47.430 align:start position:0% done autonomously<00:51:45.920> and<00:51:46.480> then<00:51:46.640> we<00:51:46.800> had<00:51:46.880> a<00:51:47.040> meeting 00:51:47.430 --> 00:51:47.440 align:start position:0% autonomously and then we had a meeting 00:51:47.440 --> 00:51:47.910 align:start position:0% autonomously and then we had a meeting in 00:51:47.910 --> 00:51:47.920 align:start position:0% in 00:51:47.920 --> 00:51:50.870 align:start position:0% in i<00:51:48.079> think<00:51:48.240> it<00:51:48.319> was<00:51:48.480> september<00:51:48.960> october<00:51:50.240> and<00:51:50.720> we 00:51:50.870 --> 00:51:50.880 align:start position:0% i think it was september october and we 00:51:50.880 --> 00:51:51.750 align:start position:0% i think it was september october and we decided 00:51:51.750 --> 00:51:51.760 align:start position:0% decided 00:51:51.760 --> 00:51:54.630 align:start position:0% decided to<00:51:51.920> do<00:51:52.240> a<00:51:52.559> fully<00:51:52.800> autonomous<00:51:53.280> drive<00:51:53.920> to<00:51:54.079> this 00:51:54.630 --> 00:51:54.640 align:start position:0% to do a fully autonomous drive to this 00:51:54.640 --> 00:51:55.750 align:start position:0% to do a fully autonomous drive to this meeting 00:51:55.750 --> 00:51:55.760 align:start position:0% meeting 00:51:55.760 --> 00:51:59.589 align:start position:0% meeting up<00:51:55.920> there<00:51:56.800> and<00:51:57.680> we<00:51:57.920> wanted<00:51:58.640> at<00:51:58.720> the<00:51:58.880> same<00:51:59.200> time 00:51:59.589 --> 00:51:59.599 align:start position:0% up there and we wanted at the same time 00:51:59.599 --> 00:52:03.030 align:start position:0% up there and we wanted at the same time to<00:51:59.760> collect<00:52:00.160> material<00:52:02.160> in<00:52:02.319> order<00:52:02.559> to<00:52:02.720> see 00:52:03.030 --> 00:52:03.040 align:start position:0% to collect material in order to see 00:52:03.040 --> 00:52:04.950 align:start position:0% to collect material in order to see what<00:52:03.359> are<00:52:03.440> the<00:52:03.680> most<00:52:03.920> essential<00:52:04.400> parts<00:52:04.720> which 00:52:04.950 --> 00:52:04.960 align:start position:0% what are the most essential parts which 00:52:04.960 --> 00:52:06.630 align:start position:0% what are the most essential parts which have<00:52:05.119> to<00:52:05.520> to<00:52:05.680> be<00:52:05.839> improved 00:52:06.630 --> 00:52:06.640 align:start position:0% have to to be improved 00:52:06.640 --> 00:52:08.390 align:start position:0% have to to be improved in<00:52:06.800> the<00:52:06.960> third<00:52:07.200> generation<00:52:07.760> vision<00:52:08.000> systems 00:52:08.390 --> 00:52:08.400 align:start position:0% in the third generation vision systems 00:52:08.400 --> 00:52:09.910 align:start position:0% in the third generation vision systems this<00:52:08.640> was<00:52:08.880> the<00:52:09.040> final<00:52:09.359> of<00:52:09.440> the 00:52:09.910 --> 00:52:09.920 align:start position:0% this was the final of the 00:52:09.920 --> 00:52:11.750 align:start position:0% this was the final of the transputer<00:52:10.480> system<00:52:10.800> we<00:52:10.960> knew<00:52:11.280> we<00:52:11.440> had<00:52:11.599> to 00:52:11.750 --> 00:52:11.760 align:start position:0% transputer system we knew we had to 00:52:11.760 --> 00:52:13.990 align:start position:0% transputer system we knew we had to switch<00:52:12.079> to<00:52:12.240> a<00:52:12.319> different 00:52:13.990 --> 00:52:14.000 align:start position:0% switch to a different 00:52:14.000 --> 00:52:16.150 align:start position:0% switch to a different computer<00:52:14.480> system<00:52:14.880> so<00:52:15.040> we<00:52:15.200> wanted<00:52:15.520> to<00:52:15.680> know 00:52:16.150 --> 00:52:16.160 align:start position:0% computer system so we wanted to know 00:52:16.160 --> 00:52:17.670 align:start position:0% computer system so we wanted to know what<00:52:16.400> are<00:52:16.559> the<00:52:16.720> parts<00:52:17.040> which<00:52:17.280> have<00:52:17.359> to<00:52:17.520> be 00:52:17.670 --> 00:52:17.680 align:start position:0% what are the parts which have to be 00:52:17.680 --> 00:52:18.790 align:start position:0% what are the parts which have to be improved 00:52:18.790 --> 00:52:18.800 align:start position:0% improved 00:52:18.800 --> 00:52:20.870 align:start position:0% improved and<00:52:19.359> during<00:52:19.599> this<00:52:19.839> ride<00:52:20.240> in<00:52:20.319> the<00:52:20.480> northern 00:52:20.870 --> 00:52:20.880 align:start position:0% and during this ride in the northern 00:52:20.880 --> 00:52:23.109 align:start position:0% and during this ride in the northern plains<00:52:21.440> in<00:52:21.599> ludobuga<00:52:22.160> haida 00:52:23.109 --> 00:52:23.119 align:start position:0% plains in ludobuga haida 00:52:23.119 --> 00:52:24.950 align:start position:0% plains in ludobuga haida the<00:52:23.280> top<00:52:23.520> speed<00:52:23.839> driven<00:52:24.160> autonomously<00:52:24.880> was 00:52:24.950 --> 00:52:24.960 align:start position:0% the top speed driven autonomously was 00:52:24.960 --> 00:52:28.069 align:start position:0% the top speed driven autonomously was 180<00:52:25.520> kilometers<00:52:26.000> an<00:52:26.160> hour 00:52:28.069 --> 00:52:28.079 align:start position:0% 180 kilometers an hour 00:52:28.079 --> 00:52:30.870 align:start position:0% 180 kilometers an hour that's<00:52:28.400> pretty<00:52:28.640> fast<00:52:29.359> also<00:52:29.760> pretty<00:52:30.000> fast 00:52:30.870 --> 00:52:30.880 align:start position:0% that's pretty fast also pretty fast 00:52:30.880 --> 00:52:32.470 align:start position:0% that's pretty fast also pretty fast that's<00:52:31.119> 110<00:52:31.599> miles<00:52:31.920> an<00:52:32.000> hour 00:52:32.470 --> 00:52:32.480 align:start position:0% that's 110 miles an hour 00:52:32.480 --> 00:52:35.589 align:start position:0% that's 110 miles an hour yeah<00:52:33.119> yeah<00:52:33.680> um<00:52:34.400> were<00:52:34.559> there<00:52:35.040> moments<00:52:35.440> where 00:52:35.589 --> 00:52:35.599 align:start position:0% yeah yeah um were there moments where 00:52:35.599 --> 00:52:36.790 align:start position:0% yeah yeah um were there moments where you<00:52:36.160> were 00:52:36.790 --> 00:52:36.800 align:start position:0% you were 00:52:36.800 --> 00:52:40.309 align:start position:0% you were unsure<00:52:37.200> of<00:52:37.359> the<00:52:37.440> robot<00:52:37.920> or<00:52:39.119> uh<00:52:39.680> well<00:52:39.839> of<00:52:39.920> course 00:52:40.309 --> 00:52:40.319 align:start position:0% unsure of the robot or uh well of course 00:52:40.319 --> 00:52:42.470 align:start position:0% unsure of the robot or uh well of course of<00:52:40.480> course<00:52:40.720> you<00:52:40.960> sometimes<00:52:41.920> see<00:52:42.240> a 00:52:42.470 --> 00:52:42.480 align:start position:0% of course you sometimes see a 00:52:42.480 --> 00:52:44.710 align:start position:0% of course you sometimes see a misinterpretation<00:52:43.520> of<00:52:43.680> the<00:52:43.839> situation 00:52:44.710 --> 00:52:44.720 align:start position:0% misinterpretation of the situation 00:52:44.720 --> 00:52:46.710 align:start position:0% misinterpretation of the situation it<00:52:44.880> needn't<00:52:45.200> be<00:52:45.359> dangerous<00:52:46.000> one<00:52:46.240> one<00:52:46.400> thing<00:52:46.559> i 00:52:46.710 --> 00:52:46.720 align:start position:0% it needn't be dangerous one one thing i 00:52:46.720 --> 00:52:48.069 align:start position:0% it needn't be dangerous one one thing i recall<00:52:47.119> is 00:52:48.069 --> 00:52:48.079 align:start position:0% recall is 00:52:48.079 --> 00:52:51.190 align:start position:0% recall is there<00:52:48.240> was<00:52:48.400> one<00:52:48.640> student<00:52:49.680> looking<00:52:50.000> at 00:52:51.190 --> 00:52:51.200 align:start position:0% there was one student looking at 00:52:51.200 --> 00:52:53.510 align:start position:0% there was one student looking at other<00:52:51.440> cars<00:52:51.839> as<00:52:52.079> obstacles<00:52:52.640> and<00:52:53.119> obstacle 00:52:53.510 --> 00:52:53.520 align:start position:0% other cars as obstacles and obstacle 00:52:53.520 --> 00:52:54.549 align:start position:0% other cars as obstacles and obstacle avoidance 00:52:54.549 --> 00:52:54.559 align:start position:0% avoidance 00:52:54.559 --> 00:52:55.829 align:start position:0% avoidance and<00:52:54.720> the<00:52:54.880> system<00:52:55.200> was<00:52:55.359> looking<00:52:55.599> on<00:52:55.760> the 00:52:55.829 --> 00:52:55.839 align:start position:0% and the system was looking on the 00:52:55.839 --> 00:52:57.750 align:start position:0% and the system was looking on the autobahn<00:52:56.559> two<00:52:56.800> lanes<00:52:57.359> and 00:52:57.750 --> 00:52:57.760 align:start position:0% autobahn two lanes and 00:52:57.760 --> 00:52:59.990 align:start position:0% autobahn two lanes and one<00:52:58.000> car<00:52:58.240> in<00:52:58.400> each<00:52:58.640> lane<00:52:59.359> and<00:52:59.520> it<00:52:59.599> suddenly 00:52:59.990 --> 00:53:00.000 align:start position:0% one car in each lane and it suddenly 00:53:00.000 --> 00:53:01.430 align:start position:0% one car in each lane and it suddenly came<00:53:00.240> up<00:53:00.319> with<00:53:00.480> a<00:53:00.559> hypothesis 00:53:01.430 --> 00:53:01.440 align:start position:0% came up with a hypothesis 00:53:01.440 --> 00:53:03.190 align:start position:0% came up with a hypothesis uh<00:53:01.680> didn't<00:53:01.920> see<00:53:02.079> the<00:53:02.240> left<00:53:02.480> card<00:53:02.800> didn't<00:53:03.040> see 00:53:03.190 --> 00:53:03.200 align:start position:0% uh didn't see the left card didn't see 00:53:03.200 --> 00:53:04.549 align:start position:0% uh didn't see the left card didn't see the<00:53:03.280> right<00:53:03.599> car<00:53:04.240> but 00:53:04.549 --> 00:53:04.559 align:start position:0% the right car but 00:53:04.559 --> 00:53:06.630 align:start position:0% the right car but it<00:53:04.800> interpreted<00:53:05.359> one<00:53:05.599> object<00:53:06.079> in<00:53:06.160> between<00:53:06.559> of 00:53:06.630 --> 00:53:06.640 align:start position:0% it interpreted one object in between of 00:53:06.640 --> 00:53:08.150 align:start position:0% it interpreted one object in between of the<00:53:06.800> two 00:53:08.150 --> 00:53:08.160 align:start position:0% the two 00:53:08.160 --> 00:53:09.990 align:start position:0% the two so<00:53:08.480> and<00:53:08.640> looking<00:53:08.880> for<00:53:09.200> for<00:53:09.440> some<00:53:09.680> time<00:53:09.920> of 00:53:09.990 --> 00:53:10.000 align:start position:0% so and looking for for some time of 00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:11.670 align:start position:0% so and looking for for some time of course<00:53:10.319> they<00:53:10.480> moved<00:53:10.720> to<00:53:10.800> slightly<00:53:11.280> different 00:53:11.670 --> 00:53:11.680 align:start position:0% course they moved to slightly different 00:53:11.680 --> 00:53:12.549 align:start position:0% course they moved to slightly different speeds 00:53:12.549 --> 00:53:12.559 align:start position:0% speeds 00:53:12.559 --> 00:53:15.190 align:start position:0% speeds and<00:53:12.640> then<00:53:13.359> after<00:53:13.839> a<00:53:14.000> second<00:53:14.319> or<00:53:14.480> so<00:53:14.720> or<00:53:14.880> maybe 00:53:15.190 --> 00:53:15.200 align:start position:0% and then after a second or so or maybe 00:53:15.200 --> 00:53:16.630 align:start position:0% and then after a second or so or maybe one<00:53:15.359> and<00:53:15.520> a<00:53:15.599> half<00:53:15.920> seconds 00:53:16.630 --> 00:53:16.640 align:start position:0% one and a half seconds 00:53:16.640 --> 00:53:18.069 align:start position:0% one and a half seconds it<00:53:16.800> made<00:53:16.960> a<00:53:17.040> decision<00:53:17.440> though<00:53:17.680> that<00:53:17.839> that 00:53:18.069 --> 00:53:18.079 align:start position:0% it made a decision though that that 00:53:18.079 --> 00:53:20.150 align:start position:0% it made a decision though that that cannot<00:53:18.319> be<00:53:18.480> a<00:53:18.640> correct<00:53:19.040> hypothesis<00:53:19.760> so<00:53:19.920> it 00:53:20.150 --> 00:53:20.160 align:start position:0% cannot be a correct hypothesis so it 00:53:20.160 --> 00:53:21.589 align:start position:0% cannot be a correct hypothesis so it started<00:53:20.559> from<00:53:20.720> a<00:53:20.800> new<00:53:21.040> and<00:53:21.200> it 00:53:21.589 --> 00:53:21.599 align:start position:0% started from a new and it 00:53:21.599 --> 00:53:23.910 align:start position:0% started from a new and it got<00:53:21.839> two<00:53:22.079> objects<00:53:22.559> and<00:53:22.640> then<00:53:22.800> it<00:53:22.960> converged 00:53:23.910 --> 00:53:23.920 align:start position:0% got two objects and then it converged 00:53:23.920 --> 00:53:25.190 align:start position:0% got two objects and then it converged towards<00:53:24.480> two<00:53:24.720> objects 00:53:25.190 --> 00:53:25.200 align:start position:0% towards two objects 00:53:25.200 --> 00:53:27.510 align:start position:0% towards two objects of<00:53:25.280> course<00:53:26.000> it<00:53:26.240> always<00:53:26.640> takes<00:53:26.960> some<00:53:27.200> time 00:53:27.510 --> 00:53:27.520 align:start position:0% of course it always takes some time 00:53:27.520 --> 00:53:28.309 align:start position:0% of course it always takes some time maybe 00:53:28.309 --> 00:53:28.319 align:start position:0% maybe 00:53:28.319 --> 00:53:31.030 align:start position:0% maybe a<00:53:28.400> second<00:53:28.800> or<00:53:28.880> so<00:53:29.119> in<00:53:29.280> order<00:53:29.440> to<00:53:29.599> recognize<00:53:30.319> uh 00:53:31.030 --> 00:53:31.040 align:start position:0% a second or so in order to recognize uh 00:53:31.040 --> 00:53:32.069 align:start position:0% a second or so in order to recognize uh until<00:53:31.359> it's 00:53:32.069 --> 00:53:32.079 align:start position:0% until it's 00:53:32.079 --> 00:53:35.270 align:start position:0% until it's uh<00:53:32.720> sure<00:53:33.599> what<00:53:34.079> uh<00:53:34.240> what<00:53:34.480> it<00:53:34.640> interprets<00:53:35.200> and 00:53:35.270 --> 00:53:35.280 align:start position:0% uh sure what uh what it interprets and 00:53:35.280 --> 00:53:37.030 align:start position:0% uh sure what uh what it interprets and this<00:53:35.440> was<00:53:35.599> one<00:53:35.760> of<00:53:35.839> the<00:53:35.920> conclusions 00:53:37.030 --> 00:53:37.040 align:start position:0% this was one of the conclusions 00:53:37.040 --> 00:53:40.150 align:start position:0% this was one of the conclusions we<00:53:37.359> took<00:53:37.680> from<00:53:38.079> uh<00:53:38.559> from<00:53:38.800> this<00:53:39.359> test<00:53:39.599> drive 00:53:40.150 --> 00:53:40.160 align:start position:0% we took from uh from this test drive 00:53:40.160 --> 00:53:43.190 align:start position:0% we took from uh from this test drive to<00:53:40.319> the<00:53:40.400> north<00:53:41.359> we<00:53:41.599> should<00:53:41.920> have<00:53:42.800> system 00:53:43.190 --> 00:53:43.200 align:start position:0% to the north we should have system 00:53:43.200 --> 00:53:44.390 align:start position:0% to the north we should have system capability 00:53:44.390 --> 00:53:44.400 align:start position:0% capability 00:53:44.400 --> 00:53:46.150 align:start position:0% capability on<00:53:44.640> all<00:53:44.800> levels<00:53:45.200> both<00:53:45.520> the<00:53:45.839> feature 00:53:46.150 --> 00:53:46.160 align:start position:0% on all levels both the feature 00:53:46.160 --> 00:53:47.510 align:start position:0% on all levels both the feature extraction<00:53:46.720> level 00:53:47.510 --> 00:53:47.520 align:start position:0% extraction level 00:53:47.520 --> 00:53:49.430 align:start position:0% extraction level the<00:53:47.920> object<00:53:48.319> interpretation<00:53:49.040> level<00:53:49.359> the 00:53:49.430 --> 00:53:49.440 align:start position:0% the object interpretation level the 00:53:49.440 --> 00:53:51.270 align:start position:0% the object interpretation level the situation<00:53:50.000> interpretation<00:53:50.640> level 00:53:51.270 --> 00:53:51.280 align:start position:0% situation interpretation level 00:53:51.280 --> 00:53:53.750 align:start position:0% situation interpretation level so<00:53:51.440> that<00:53:51.599> the<00:53:51.760> system<00:53:52.160> itself<00:53:53.280> comes<00:53:53.520> to<00:53:53.680> a 00:53:53.750 --> 00:53:53.760 align:start position:0% so that the system itself comes to a 00:53:53.760 --> 00:53:54.470 align:start position:0% so that the system itself comes to a conclusion 00:53:54.470 --> 00:53:54.480 align:start position:0% conclusion 00:53:54.480 --> 00:53:58.309 align:start position:0% conclusion how<00:53:54.800> sure<00:53:55.280> am<00:53:55.440> i<00:53:55.680> about<00:53:56.960> the<00:53:57.119> data 00:53:58.309 --> 00:53:58.319 align:start position:0% how sure am i about the data 00:53:58.319 --> 00:54:00.390 align:start position:0% how sure am i about the data are<00:53:58.480> my<00:53:58.720> predictions<00:53:59.359> correct<00:54:00.079> are<00:54:00.240> they 00:54:00.390 --> 00:54:00.400 align:start position:0% are my predictions correct are they 00:54:00.400 --> 00:54:01.990 align:start position:0% are my predictions correct are they getting<00:54:00.800> worse<00:54:01.200> and<00:54:01.280> then<00:54:01.520> there<00:54:01.680> should<00:54:01.839> be 00:54:01.990 --> 00:54:02.000 align:start position:0% getting worse and then there should be 00:54:02.000 --> 00:54:03.990 align:start position:0% getting worse and then there should be warnings<00:54:02.480> so<00:54:02.640> this<00:54:02.880> type<00:54:03.119> of 00:54:03.990 --> 00:54:04.000 align:start position:0% warnings so this type of 00:54:04.000 --> 00:54:07.109 align:start position:0% warnings so this type of of<00:54:06.160> recognition 00:54:07.109 --> 00:54:07.119 align:start position:0% of recognition 00:54:07.119 --> 00:54:09.430 align:start position:0% of recognition and<00:54:07.839> then<00:54:08.160> calling<00:54:08.480> for<00:54:08.640> help<00:54:09.040> it's<00:54:09.280> very 00:54:09.430 --> 00:54:09.440 align:start position:0% and then calling for help it's very 00:54:09.440 --> 00:54:11.030 align:start position:0% and then calling for help it's very essential<00:54:10.079> and<00:54:10.240> one<00:54:10.400> of<00:54:10.480> the<00:54:10.640> interesting 00:54:11.030 --> 00:54:11.040 align:start position:0% essential and one of the interesting 00:54:11.040 --> 00:54:12.390 align:start position:0% essential and one of the interesting points<00:54:11.440> was<00:54:11.760> that 00:54:12.390 --> 00:54:12.400 align:start position:0% points was that 00:54:12.400 --> 00:54:13.990 align:start position:0% points was that if<00:54:12.559> you<00:54:12.640> look<00:54:12.800> at<00:54:12.880> statistics<00:54:13.520> of<00:54:13.680> human 00:54:13.990 --> 00:54:14.000 align:start position:0% if you look at statistics of human 00:54:14.000 --> 00:54:16.230 align:start position:0% if you look at statistics of human trafficking<00:54:14.400> accidents 00:54:16.230 --> 00:54:16.240 align:start position:0% trafficking accidents 00:54:16.240 --> 00:54:19.750 align:start position:0% trafficking accidents there<00:54:16.559> is<00:54:16.800> a<00:54:16.880> surprising<00:54:17.680> lack<00:54:18.720> of 00:54:19.750 --> 00:54:19.760 align:start position:0% there is a surprising lack of 00:54:19.760 --> 00:54:22.829 align:start position:0% there is a surprising lack of people<00:54:20.160> that<00:54:20.319> got<00:54:20.559> a<00:54:20.640> heart<00:54:20.960> attack<00:54:21.680> while 00:54:22.829 --> 00:54:22.839 align:start position:0% people that got a heart attack while 00:54:22.839 --> 00:54:24.309 align:start position:0% people that got a heart attack while driving 00:54:24.309 --> 00:54:24.319 align:start position:0% driving 00:54:24.319 --> 00:54:26.230 align:start position:0% driving so<00:54:24.480> when<00:54:24.720> people<00:54:24.960> said<00:54:25.599> something<00:54:25.920> must<00:54:26.079> be 00:54:26.230 --> 00:54:26.240 align:start position:0% so when people said something must be 00:54:26.240 --> 00:54:27.430 align:start position:0% so when people said something must be wrong 00:54:27.430 --> 00:54:27.440 align:start position:0% wrong 00:54:27.440 --> 00:54:29.030 align:start position:0% wrong and<00:54:27.520> then<00:54:28.079> somebody<00:54:28.480> else<00:54:28.640> came<00:54:28.800> to<00:54:28.880> the 00:54:29.030 --> 00:54:29.040 align:start position:0% and then somebody else came to the 00:54:29.040 --> 00:54:30.950 align:start position:0% and then somebody else came to the conclusion<00:54:29.440> well<00:54:29.599> those<00:54:29.839> people<00:54:30.240> maybe<00:54:30.559> they 00:54:30.950 --> 00:54:30.960 align:start position:0% conclusion well those people maybe they 00:54:30.960 --> 00:54:33.750 align:start position:0% conclusion well those people maybe they feel<00:54:31.280> that<00:54:31.520> something<00:54:31.920> is<00:54:32.000> coming<00:54:32.480> and<00:54:33.599> so 00:54:33.750 --> 00:54:33.760 align:start position:0% feel that something is coming and so 00:54:33.760 --> 00:54:34.630 align:start position:0% feel that something is coming and so they 00:54:34.630 --> 00:54:34.640 align:start position:0% they 00:54:34.640 --> 00:54:37.430 align:start position:0% they slow<00:54:34.960> down<00:54:35.280> and<00:54:35.440> maybe<00:54:36.000> stop<00:54:36.319> at<00:54:36.400> the<00:54:36.559> site<00:54:37.359> and 00:54:37.430 --> 00:54:37.440 align:start position:0% slow down and maybe stop at the site and 00:54:37.440 --> 00:54:38.470 align:start position:0% slow down and maybe stop at the site and then<00:54:37.599> they<00:54:37.839> looked<00:54:38.079> at<00:54:38.160> the 00:54:38.470 --> 00:54:38.480 align:start position:0% then they looked at the 00:54:38.480 --> 00:54:40.309 align:start position:0% then they looked at the statistics<00:54:39.200> and<00:54:39.359> came<00:54:39.599> to<00:54:39.760> the<00:54:39.839> conclusion 00:54:40.309 --> 00:54:40.319 align:start position:0% statistics and came to the conclusion 00:54:40.319 --> 00:54:41.750 align:start position:0% statistics and came to the conclusion well<00:54:40.559> if<00:54:40.640> we<00:54:40.799> include<00:54:41.200> these 00:54:41.750 --> 00:54:41.760 align:start position:0% well if we include these 00:54:41.760 --> 00:54:45.030 align:start position:0% well if we include these cases<00:54:42.480> uh<00:54:43.440> statistic<00:54:44.000> is<00:54:44.160> okay 00:54:45.030 --> 00:54:45.040 align:start position:0% cases uh statistic is okay 00:54:45.040 --> 00:54:47.430 align:start position:0% cases uh statistic is okay and<00:54:45.200> this<00:54:45.440> is<00:54:45.520> the<00:54:45.680> same<00:54:46.480> conclusion<00:54:47.040> we<00:54:47.200> came 00:54:47.430 --> 00:54:47.440 align:start position:0% and this is the same conclusion we came 00:54:47.440 --> 00:54:49.109 align:start position:0% and this is the same conclusion we came to<00:54:47.599> the<00:54:47.760> system<00:54:48.160> itself 00:54:49.109 --> 00:54:49.119 align:start position:0% to the system itself 00:54:49.119 --> 00:54:51.829 align:start position:0% to the system itself should<00:54:49.440> observe<00:54:50.400> its<00:54:50.640> properties<00:54:51.280> its<00:54:51.599> its 00:54:51.829 --> 00:54:51.839 align:start position:0% should observe its properties its its 00:54:51.839 --> 00:54:53.030 align:start position:0% should observe its properties its its performance 00:54:53.030 --> 00:54:53.040 align:start position:0% performance 00:54:53.040 --> 00:54:55.349 align:start position:0% performance on<00:54:53.359> all<00:54:53.520> the<00:54:53.680> different<00:54:54.000> levels<00:54:54.960> and<00:54:55.119> then 00:54:55.349 --> 00:54:55.359 align:start position:0% on all the different levels and then 00:54:55.359 --> 00:54:57.109 align:start position:0% on all the different levels and then come<00:54:55.520> to<00:54:55.680> a<00:54:55.760> conclusion<00:54:56.400> am<00:54:56.559> i<00:54:56.640> sure<00:54:56.880> that<00:54:57.040> i 00:54:57.109 --> 00:54:57.119 align:start position:0% come to a conclusion am i sure that i 00:54:57.119 --> 00:54:58.549 align:start position:0% come to a conclusion am i sure that i can<00:54:57.359> go<00:54:57.520> at<00:54:57.839> all 00:54:58.549 --> 00:54:58.559 align:start position:0% can go at all 00:54:58.559 --> 00:55:01.349 align:start position:0% can go at all should<00:54:58.799> i<00:54:58.880> stop<00:54:59.200> or<00:54:59.280> should<00:54:59.520> i<00:54:59.599> slow<00:54:59.839> down<00:55:01.119> and 00:55:01.349 --> 00:55:01.359 align:start position:0% should i stop or should i slow down and 00:55:01.359 --> 00:55:02.870 align:start position:0% should i stop or should i slow down and of<00:55:01.440> course 00:55:02.870 --> 00:55:02.880 align:start position:0% of course 00:55:02.880 --> 00:55:05.510 align:start position:0% of course in<00:55:03.040> the<00:55:03.200> auto<00:55:04.079> on<00:55:04.160> the<00:55:04.240> autobahn<00:55:04.720> with<00:55:04.880> the<00:55:04.960> car 00:55:05.510 --> 00:55:05.520 align:start position:0% in the auto on the autobahn with the car 00:55:05.520 --> 00:55:07.030 align:start position:0% in the auto on the autobahn with the car you<00:55:05.680> can<00:55:05.839> always<00:55:06.079> slow<00:55:06.319> down<00:55:06.640> if<00:55:06.720> you<00:55:06.799> are<00:55:06.960> in 00:55:07.030 --> 00:55:07.040 align:start position:0% you can always slow down if you are in 00:55:07.040 --> 00:55:08.309 align:start position:0% you can always slow down if you are in the<00:55:07.280> air 00:55:08.309 --> 00:55:08.319 align:start position:0% the air 00:55:08.319 --> 00:55:10.870 align:start position:0% the air it's<00:55:08.480> a<00:55:08.559> little<00:55:08.720> bit<00:55:08.880> more<00:55:09.040> difficult<00:55:10.559> fewer 00:55:10.870 --> 00:55:10.880 align:start position:0% it's a little bit more difficult fewer 00:55:10.880 --> 00:55:12.230 align:start position:0% it's a little bit more difficult fewer obstacles<00:55:11.440> though 00:55:12.230 --> 00:55:12.240 align:start position:0% obstacles though 00:55:12.240 --> 00:55:16.150 align:start position:0% obstacles though fewer<00:55:12.559> obstacles<00:55:13.040> that's<00:55:13.200> right<00:55:15.200> um<00:55:15.599> so 00:55:16.150 --> 00:55:16.160 align:start position:0% fewer obstacles that's right um so 00:55:16.160 --> 00:55:19.270 align:start position:0% fewer obstacles that's right um so how<00:55:17.599> do<00:55:17.760> you<00:55:17.839> foresee<00:55:18.319> that<00:55:18.559> everybody 00:55:19.270 --> 00:55:19.280 align:start position:0% how do you foresee that everybody 00:55:19.280 --> 00:55:21.030 align:start position:0% how do you foresee that everybody eventually<00:55:19.760> like<00:55:20.000> all<00:55:20.240> cars<00:55:20.640> are<00:55:20.720> going<00:55:20.960> to 00:55:21.030 --> 00:55:21.040 align:start position:0% eventually like all cars are going to 00:55:21.040 --> 00:55:23.030 align:start position:0% eventually like all cars are going to have<00:55:21.280> autonomous<00:55:21.839> driving<00:55:22.160> capabilities<00:55:22.880> or 00:55:23.030 --> 00:55:23.040 align:start position:0% have autonomous driving capabilities or 00:55:23.040 --> 00:55:25.510 align:start position:0% have autonomous driving capabilities or the<00:55:23.119> majority<00:55:23.680> of<00:55:23.760> cars 00:55:25.510 --> 00:55:25.520 align:start position:0% the majority of cars 00:55:25.520 --> 00:55:28.789 align:start position:0% the majority of cars i<00:55:25.680> think<00:55:26.079> if<00:55:26.480> we<00:55:26.720> think<00:55:27.119> in<00:55:27.440> decades<00:55:28.240> or 00:55:28.789 --> 00:55:28.799 align:start position:0% i think if we think in decades or 00:55:28.799 --> 00:55:32.309 align:start position:0% i think if we think in decades or centuries<00:55:29.440> yes<00:55:29.760> this<00:55:30.000> is<00:55:30.079> going<00:55:30.240> to<00:55:30.400> come<00:55:31.680> i 00:55:32.309 --> 00:55:32.319 align:start position:0% centuries yes this is going to come i 00:55:32.319 --> 00:55:34.870 align:start position:0% centuries yes this is going to come i tended<00:55:32.720> to<00:55:32.880> make<00:55:33.119> prediction<00:55:33.839> that<00:55:34.400> maybe<00:55:34.640> by 00:55:34.870 --> 00:55:34.880 align:start position:0% tended to make prediction that maybe by 00:55:34.880 --> 00:55:35.510 align:start position:0% tended to make prediction that maybe by 20 00:55:35.510 --> 00:55:35.520 align:start position:0% 20 00:55:35.520 --> 00:55:38.150 align:start position:0% 20 in<00:55:35.680> 1980<00:55:36.319> 85<00:55:36.880> or<00:55:36.960> so<00:55:37.119> 80<00:55:37.520> at<00:55:37.599> the<00:55:37.760> end<00:55:37.920> of<00:55:38.000> the 00:55:38.150 --> 00:55:38.160 align:start position:0% in 1980 85 or so 80 at the end of the 00:55:38.160 --> 00:55:38.950 align:start position:0% in 1980 85 or so 80 at the end of the 80s 00:55:38.950 --> 00:55:38.960 align:start position:0% 80s 00:55:38.960 --> 00:55:42.549 align:start position:0% 80s maybe<00:55:39.280> in<00:55:39.440> 2010<00:55:40.000> or<00:55:40.160> so<00:55:40.720> 2015 00:55:42.549 --> 00:55:42.559 align:start position:0% maybe in 2010 or so 2015 00:55:42.559 --> 00:55:44.230 align:start position:0% maybe in 2010 or so 2015 i<00:55:42.720> thought<00:55:42.960> we<00:55:43.200> did<00:55:43.359> have<00:55:43.520> enough<00:55:43.760> computing 00:55:44.230 --> 00:55:44.240 align:start position:0% i thought we did have enough computing 00:55:44.240 --> 00:55:47.190 align:start position:0% i thought we did have enough computing power<00:55:44.799> that<00:55:45.440> this<00:55:45.680> would<00:55:45.839> be<00:55:46.000> the<00:55:46.160> case<00:55:46.559> but 00:55:47.190 --> 00:55:47.200 align:start position:0% power that this would be the case but 00:55:47.200 --> 00:55:51.030 align:start position:0% power that this would be the case but seeing<00:55:47.680> the<00:55:48.640> difficulties<00:55:50.079> it<00:55:50.319> is 00:55:51.030 --> 00:55:51.040 align:start position:0% seeing the difficulties it is 00:55:51.040 --> 00:55:53.750 align:start position:0% seeing the difficulties it is it<00:55:51.200> is<00:55:51.280> a<00:55:51.359> long<00:55:51.599> way<00:55:52.480> and<00:55:52.799> i'm<00:55:53.200> pretty<00:55:53.520> sure 00:55:53.750 --> 00:55:53.760 align:start position:0% it is a long way and i'm pretty sure 00:55:53.760 --> 00:55:55.589 align:start position:0% it is a long way and i'm pretty sure because<00:55:54.160> of<00:55:54.319> one<00:55:54.559> meeting<00:55:54.960> we<00:55:55.119> had 00:55:55.589 --> 00:55:55.599 align:start position:0% because of one meeting we had 00:55:55.599 --> 00:55:57.829 align:start position:0% because of one meeting we had with<00:55:55.839> the<00:55:56.720> organization<00:55:57.440> which<00:55:57.680> is 00:55:57.829 --> 00:55:57.839 align:start position:0% with the organization which is 00:55:57.839 --> 00:55:59.430 align:start position:0% with the organization which is responsible<00:55:58.559> for<00:55:58.799> developing 00:55:59.430 --> 00:55:59.440 align:start position:0% responsible for developing 00:55:59.440 --> 00:56:01.589 align:start position:0% responsible for developing the<00:55:59.680> traffic<00:56:00.079> guide<00:56:00.400> rules<00:56:01.040> in<00:56:01.200> germany 00:56:01.589 --> 00:56:01.599 align:start position:0% the traffic guide rules in germany 00:56:01.599 --> 00:56:03.109 align:start position:0% the traffic guide rules in germany there's<00:56:01.839> a<00:56:02.000> special<00:56:02.319> institute<00:56:02.720> and<00:56:02.799> we<00:56:02.960> had<00:56:03.040> a 00:56:03.109 --> 00:56:03.119 align:start position:0% there's a special institute and we had a 00:56:03.119 --> 00:56:03.829 align:start position:0% there's a special institute and we had a meeting 00:56:03.829 --> 00:56:03.839 align:start position:0% meeting 00:56:03.839 --> 00:56:07.030 align:start position:0% meeting with<00:56:04.079> the<00:56:04.720> legislative<00:56:05.440> side<00:56:05.920> the<00:56:06.319> automotive 00:56:07.030 --> 00:56:07.040 align:start position:0% with the legislative side the automotive 00:56:07.040 --> 00:56:08.789 align:start position:0% with the legislative side the automotive clubs 00:56:08.789 --> 00:56:08.799 align:start position:0% clubs 00:56:08.799 --> 00:56:13.430 align:start position:0% clubs some<00:56:10.160> legislators<00:56:11.119> and<00:56:11.359> the<00:56:11.520> press 00:56:13.430 --> 00:56:13.440 align:start position:0% some legislators and the press 00:56:13.440 --> 00:56:16.549 align:start position:0% some legislators and the press and<00:56:13.599> then<00:56:14.319> of<00:56:14.480> course<00:56:15.599> the<00:56:15.760> same<00:56:16.000> question<00:56:16.400> was 00:56:16.549 --> 00:56:16.559 align:start position:0% and then of course the same question was 00:56:16.559 --> 00:56:17.109 align:start position:0% and then of course the same question was asked 00:56:17.109 --> 00:56:17.119 align:start position:0% asked 00:56:17.119 --> 00:56:20.470 align:start position:0% asked and<00:56:17.760> of<00:56:17.839> course<00:56:18.079> industry<00:56:18.559> said 00:56:20.470 --> 00:56:20.480 align:start position:0% and of course industry said 00:56:20.480 --> 00:56:23.270 align:start position:0% and of course industry said we<00:56:20.720> are<00:56:20.799> willing<00:56:21.119> to<00:56:21.280> do<00:56:21.520> this<00:56:22.480> but<00:56:23.040> there<00:56:23.200> is 00:56:23.270 --> 00:56:23.280 align:start position:0% we are willing to do this but there is 00:56:23.280 --> 00:56:25.109 align:start position:0% we are willing to do this but there is one<00:56:23.520> precondition 00:56:25.109 --> 00:56:25.119 align:start position:0% one precondition 00:56:25.119 --> 00:56:27.510 align:start position:0% one precondition everything<00:56:25.920> what's<00:56:26.240> happening<00:56:26.559> in<00:56:26.640> the<00:56:26.799> car 00:56:27.510 --> 00:56:27.520 align:start position:0% everything what's happening in the car 00:56:27.520 --> 00:56:28.549 align:start position:0% everything what's happening in the car should<00:56:27.839> be 00:56:28.549 --> 00:56:28.559 align:start position:0% should be 00:56:28.559 --> 00:56:31.670 align:start position:0% should be written<00:56:28.880> down<00:56:29.200> or<00:56:29.359> should<00:56:29.520> be<00:56:29.920> a<00:56:30.400> protocol<00:56:31.520> so 00:56:31.670 --> 00:56:31.680 align:start position:0% written down or should be a protocol so 00:56:31.680 --> 00:56:33.589 align:start position:0% written down or should be a protocol so that<00:56:31.839> later<00:56:32.160> on<00:56:32.319> you<00:56:32.480> can<00:56:32.720> you<00:56:32.880> can<00:56:33.119> see 00:56:33.589 --> 00:56:33.599 align:start position:0% that later on you can you can see 00:56:33.599 --> 00:56:36.710 align:start position:0% that later on you can you can see who<00:56:33.920> did<00:56:34.160> which<00:56:34.400> control<00:56:34.880> input<00:56:36.319> and<00:56:36.400> then<00:56:36.559> the 00:56:36.710 --> 00:56:36.720 align:start position:0% who did which control input and then the 00:56:36.720 --> 00:56:38.309 align:start position:0% who did which control input and then the people<00:56:37.119> from 00:56:38.309 --> 00:56:38.319 align:start position:0% people from 00:56:38.319 --> 00:56:41.750 align:start position:0% people from the<00:56:38.720> the<00:56:39.680> car<00:56:40.640> uh 00:56:41.750 --> 00:56:41.760 align:start position:0% the the car uh 00:56:41.760 --> 00:56:44.309 align:start position:0% the the car uh area<00:56:42.160> c<00:56:42.319> what<00:56:42.480> is<00:56:42.559> the<00:56:42.799> car<00:56:42.960> clubs 00:56:44.309 --> 00:56:44.319 align:start position:0% area c what is the car clubs 00:56:44.319 --> 00:56:45.190 align:start position:0% area c what is the car clubs representing 00:56:45.190 --> 00:56:45.200 align:start position:0% representing 00:56:45.200 --> 00:56:47.589 align:start position:0% representing the<00:56:45.440> drivers<00:56:46.079> they<00:56:46.319> said<00:56:46.799> this<00:56:47.040> is<00:56:47.280> never 00:56:47.589 --> 00:56:47.599 align:start position:0% the drivers they said this is never 00:56:47.599 --> 00:56:49.430 align:start position:0% the drivers they said this is never going<00:56:47.839> to<00:56:48.000> happen<00:56:48.400> as<00:56:48.640> long<00:56:48.880> as<00:56:49.119> we 00:56:49.430 --> 00:56:49.440 align:start position:0% going to happen as long as we 00:56:49.440 --> 00:56:52.069 align:start position:0% going to happen as long as we are<00:56:50.400> in<00:56:50.559> charge<00:56:50.960> and<00:56:51.040> have<00:56:51.280> something<00:56:51.520> to<00:56:51.760> say 00:56:52.069 --> 00:56:52.079 align:start position:0% are in charge and have something to say 00:56:52.079 --> 00:56:52.630 align:start position:0% are in charge and have something to say so 00:56:52.630 --> 00:56:52.640 align:start position:0% so 00:56:52.640 --> 00:56:55.670 align:start position:0% so there<00:56:52.880> will<00:56:53.119> be<00:56:53.440> no<00:56:53.920> full<00:56:54.799> documentation<00:56:55.599> of 00:56:55.670 --> 00:56:55.680 align:start position:0% there will be no full documentation of 00:56:55.680 --> 00:56:56.549 align:start position:0% there will be no full documentation of what's<00:56:55.920> going<00:56:56.160> on 00:56:56.549 --> 00:56:56.559 align:start position:0% what's going on 00:56:56.559 --> 00:57:00.470 align:start position:0% what's going on in<00:56:56.720> the<00:56:56.880> car<00:56:57.280> not<00:56:57.839> on<00:56:58.000> a<00:56:58.079> legally 00:57:00.470 --> 00:57:00.480 align:start position:0% in the car not on a legally 00:57:00.480 --> 00:57:03.270 align:start position:0% in the car not on a legally on<00:57:00.640> a<00:57:00.720> legalized<00:57:01.200> basis<00:57:01.839> and<00:57:02.559> i<00:57:02.799> left<00:57:03.040> this 00:57:03.270 --> 00:57:03.280 align:start position:0% on a legalized basis and i left this 00:57:03.280 --> 00:57:04.390 align:start position:0% on a legalized basis and i left this meeting 00:57:04.390 --> 00:57:04.400 align:start position:0% meeting 00:57:04.400 --> 00:57:05.910 align:start position:0% meeting with<00:57:04.640> the<00:57:04.799> impression<00:57:05.280> that<00:57:05.520> maybe<00:57:05.760> the 00:57:05.910 --> 00:57:05.920 align:start position:0% with the impression that maybe the 00:57:05.920 --> 00:57:07.910 align:start position:0% with the impression that maybe the technical<00:57:06.400> problems<00:57:06.880> will<00:57:07.119> be<00:57:07.200> solved<00:57:07.599> before 00:57:07.910 --> 00:57:07.920 align:start position:0% technical problems will be solved before 00:57:07.920 --> 00:57:10.870 align:start position:0% technical problems will be solved before the<00:57:08.079> legislative<00:57:08.640> problems<00:57:09.040> will<00:57:09.200> be<00:57:09.359> solved 00:57:10.870 --> 00:57:10.880 align:start position:0% the legislative problems will be solved 00:57:10.880 --> 00:57:12.710 align:start position:0% the legislative problems will be solved and<00:57:11.359> this<00:57:11.599> of<00:57:11.680> course<00:57:11.920> has<00:57:12.079> to<00:57:12.240> do<00:57:12.400> something 00:57:12.710 --> 00:57:12.720 align:start position:0% and this of course has to do something 00:57:12.720 --> 00:57:14.230 align:start position:0% and this of course has to do something with<00:57:12.960> the<00:57:13.200> with<00:57:13.359> the<00:57:13.440> processes 00:57:14.230 --> 00:57:14.240 align:start position:0% with the with the processes 00:57:14.240 --> 00:57:17.270 align:start position:0% with the with the processes uh<00:57:14.559> if<00:57:15.040> if<00:57:15.359> there's<00:57:15.599> an<00:57:15.760> accident<00:57:16.160> then<00:57:17.200> the 00:57:17.270 --> 00:57:17.280 align:start position:0% uh if if there's an accident then the 00:57:17.280 --> 00:57:19.190 align:start position:0% uh if if there's an accident then the situation<00:57:17.839> of<00:57:17.920> course<00:57:18.240> is<00:57:18.400> much<00:57:18.640> worse 00:57:19.190 --> 00:57:19.200 align:start position:0% situation of course is much worse 00:57:19.200 --> 00:57:20.870 align:start position:0% situation of course is much worse if<00:57:19.359> you<00:57:19.520> can<00:57:19.760> nail<00:57:20.079> down<00:57:20.400> what<00:57:20.640> really 00:57:20.870 --> 00:57:20.880 align:start position:0% if you can nail down what really 00:57:20.880 --> 00:57:23.030 align:start position:0% if you can nail down what really happened<00:57:22.000> so 00:57:23.030 --> 00:57:23.040 align:start position:0% happened so 00:57:23.040 --> 00:57:25.030 align:start position:0% happened so yeah<00:57:23.680> and<00:57:23.839> this<00:57:24.000> is<00:57:24.160> the<00:57:24.240> same<00:57:24.480> situation 00:57:25.030 --> 00:57:25.040 align:start position:0% yeah and this is the same situation 00:57:25.040 --> 00:57:26.710 align:start position:0% yeah and this is the same situation right<00:57:25.200> now<00:57:25.440> people<00:57:25.760> are 00:57:26.710 --> 00:57:26.720 align:start position:0% right now people are 00:57:26.720 --> 00:57:29.670 align:start position:0% right now people are very<00:57:27.040> hesitative<00:57:28.079> to<00:57:28.640> do<00:57:28.799> full<00:57:28.960> documentation 00:57:29.670 --> 00:57:29.680 align:start position:0% very hesitative to do full documentation 00:57:29.680 --> 00:57:31.829 align:start position:0% very hesitative to do full documentation of<00:57:29.760> what's<00:57:29.920> going<00:57:30.160> on 00:57:31.829 --> 00:57:31.839 align:start position:0% of what's going on 00:57:31.839 --> 00:57:35.510 align:start position:0% of what's going on but<00:57:32.240> uh<00:57:32.720> if<00:57:32.880> this<00:57:33.119> is<00:57:33.280> being<00:57:33.520> done<00:57:34.000> i<00:57:34.160> think<00:57:34.720> um 00:57:35.510 --> 00:57:35.520 align:start position:0% but uh if this is being done i think um 00:57:35.520 --> 00:57:37.589 align:start position:0% but uh if this is being done i think um it's<00:57:36.000> maybe<00:57:36.240> a<00:57:36.319> few<00:57:36.559> decades<00:57:36.960> in<00:57:37.119> order<00:57:37.440> you 00:57:37.589 --> 00:57:37.599 align:start position:0% it's maybe a few decades in order you 00:57:37.599 --> 00:57:39.109 align:start position:0% it's maybe a few decades in order you can<00:57:37.760> do<00:57:37.920> this 00:57:39.109 --> 00:57:39.119 align:start position:0% can do this 00:57:39.119 --> 00:57:40.950 align:start position:0% can do this do<00:57:39.200> you<00:57:39.280> think<00:57:39.520> the<00:57:40.000> the<00:57:40.160> robots<00:57:40.640> will<00:57:40.799> be 00:57:40.950 --> 00:57:40.960 align:start position:0% do you think the the robots will be 00:57:40.960 --> 00:57:43.030 align:start position:0% do you think the the robots will be safer<00:57:41.359> drivers<00:57:41.760> than<00:57:42.000> people 00:57:43.030 --> 00:57:43.040 align:start position:0% safer drivers than people 00:57:43.040 --> 00:57:46.630 align:start position:0% safer drivers than people yes<00:57:43.920> in<00:57:44.079> the<00:57:44.240> average<00:57:44.559> yes<00:57:46.000> they<00:57:46.160> don't<00:57:46.400> drink 00:57:46.630 --> 00:57:46.640 align:start position:0% yes in the average yes they don't drink 00:57:46.640 --> 00:57:49.430 align:start position:0% yes in the average yes they don't drink alcohol 00:57:49.430 --> 00:57:49.440 align:start position:0% 00:57:49.440 --> 00:57:52.870 align:start position:0% they<00:57:49.599> don't<00:57:49.760> get<00:57:50.000> tired<00:57:51.040> so<00:57:52.000> i<00:57:52.160> think 00:57:52.870 --> 00:57:52.880 align:start position:0% they don't get tired so i think 00:57:52.880 --> 00:57:55.430 align:start position:0% they don't get tired so i think these<00:57:53.440> these<00:57:53.760> monitoring<00:57:54.319> systems<00:57:55.280> and 00:57:55.430 --> 00:57:55.440 align:start position:0% these these monitoring systems and 00:57:55.440 --> 00:57:57.349 align:start position:0% these these monitoring systems and that's<00:57:55.680> the<00:57:55.760> first<00:57:56.079> application 00:57:57.349 --> 00:57:57.359 align:start position:0% that's the first application 00:57:57.359 --> 00:58:00.150 align:start position:0% that's the first application this<00:57:57.599> will<00:57:57.760> be<00:57:58.000> very<00:57:58.240> useful<00:57:58.960> and<00:57:59.200> they<00:57:59.839> will 00:58:00.150 --> 00:58:00.160 align:start position:0% this will be very useful and they will 00:58:00.160 --> 00:58:00.630 align:start position:0% this will be very useful and they will work 00:58:00.630 --> 00:58:00.640 align:start position:0% work 00:58:00.640 --> 00:58:02.390 align:start position:0% work first<00:58:01.040> for<00:58:01.200> the<00:58:01.280> first<00:58:01.599> one<00:58:01.839> or<00:58:01.920> two<00:58:02.079> or<00:58:02.240> three 00:58:02.390 --> 00:58:02.400 align:start position:0% first for the first one or two or three 00:58:02.400 --> 00:58:05.270 align:start position:0% first for the first one or two or three decades<00:58:03.119> as<00:58:03.359> monitoring<00:58:03.839> systems 00:58:05.270 --> 00:58:05.280 align:start position:0% decades as monitoring systems 00:58:05.280 --> 00:58:09.109 align:start position:0% decades as monitoring systems and<00:58:05.440> then<00:58:06.880> when<00:58:07.359> maybe<00:58:08.079> on<00:58:08.160> the<00:58:08.319> military<00:58:08.799> side 00:58:09.109 --> 00:58:09.119 align:start position:0% and then when maybe on the military side 00:58:09.119 --> 00:58:10.549 align:start position:0% and then when maybe on the military side there's<00:58:09.440> quite<00:58:09.599> a<00:58:09.680> bit<00:58:09.760> of<00:58:09.920> experience<00:58:10.319> with 00:58:10.549 --> 00:58:10.559 align:start position:0% there's quite a bit of experience with 00:58:10.559 --> 00:58:11.750 align:start position:0% there's quite a bit of experience with real<00:58:10.799> autonomous<00:58:11.280> driving 00:58:11.750 --> 00:58:11.760 align:start position:0% real autonomous driving 00:58:11.760 --> 00:58:14.870 align:start position:0% real autonomous driving uh<00:58:12.960> it<00:58:13.119> may<00:58:13.359> also<00:58:13.599> come<00:58:13.839> into<00:58:14.079> private<00:58:14.400> cars 00:58:14.870 --> 00:58:14.880 align:start position:0% uh it may also come into private cars 00:58:14.880 --> 00:58:19.109 align:start position:0% uh it may also come into private cars but<00:58:15.119> it's<00:58:15.280> a<00:58:15.359> long<00:58:15.520> way<00:58:15.680> to<00:58:15.839> go 00:58:19.109 --> 00:58:19.119 align:start position:0% 00:58:19.119 --> 00:58:21.670 align:start position:0% are<00:58:19.440> some<00:58:19.599> of<00:58:19.680> your<00:58:19.920> applications<00:58:21.119> the<00:58:21.440> being 00:58:21.670 --> 00:58:21.680 align:start position:0% are some of your applications the being 00:58:21.680 --> 00:58:25.030 align:start position:0% are some of your applications the being used<00:58:22.000> for<00:58:22.240> actual<00:58:22.640> satellites<00:58:23.119> in<00:58:23.280> space 00:58:25.030 --> 00:58:25.040 align:start position:0% used for actual satellites in space 00:58:25.040 --> 00:58:27.910 align:start position:0% used for actual satellites in space yes<00:58:25.359> we<00:58:25.520> did<00:58:25.760> some<00:58:26.319> satellite<00:58:26.799> docking<00:58:27.760> we 00:58:27.910 --> 00:58:27.920 align:start position:0% yes we did some satellite docking we 00:58:27.920 --> 00:58:29.270 align:start position:0% yes we did some satellite docking we looked<00:58:28.160> at<00:58:28.319> it 00:58:29.270 --> 00:58:29.280 align:start position:0% looked at it 00:58:29.280 --> 00:58:31.349 align:start position:0% looked at it and<00:58:29.440> the<00:58:29.599> only<00:58:29.839> application<00:58:30.400> we've<00:58:30.640> done<00:58:30.960> was 00:58:31.349 --> 00:58:31.359 align:start position:0% and the only application we've done was 00:58:31.359 --> 00:58:32.470 align:start position:0% and the only application we've done was uh<00:58:31.520> with<00:58:31.760> robert 00:58:32.470 --> 00:58:32.480 align:start position:0% uh with robert 00:58:32.480 --> 00:58:34.789 align:start position:0% uh with robert with<00:58:32.960> herzegovina<00:58:34.160> grasping<00:58:34.720> a 00:58:34.789 --> 00:58:34.799 align:start position:0% with herzegovina grasping a 00:58:34.799 --> 00:58:37.270 align:start position:0% with herzegovina grasping a free-floating<00:58:35.440> object<00:58:35.760> in<00:58:35.920> space 00:58:37.270 --> 00:58:37.280 align:start position:0% free-floating object in space 00:58:37.280 --> 00:58:39.589 align:start position:0% free-floating object in space this<00:58:37.440> was<00:58:37.680> in<00:58:37.760> 1993<00:58:38.559> on<00:58:38.880> board<00:58:39.119> of<00:58:39.280> space 00:58:39.589 --> 00:58:39.599 align:start position:0% this was in 1993 on board of space 00:58:39.599 --> 00:58:42.150 align:start position:0% this was in 1993 on board of space shuttle<00:58:40.079> columbia 00:58:42.150 --> 00:58:42.160 align:start position:0% shuttle columbia 00:58:42.160 --> 00:58:45.990 align:start position:0% shuttle columbia but<00:58:42.319> this<00:58:42.559> was<00:58:42.799> inside<00:58:43.680> the<00:58:44.240> d2 00:58:45.990 --> 00:58:46.000 align:start position:0% but this was inside the d2 00:58:46.000 --> 00:58:49.030 align:start position:0% but this was inside the d2 box<00:58:46.319> which<00:58:46.640> is<00:58:47.200> inside<00:58:47.520> the<00:58:47.680> shuttle<00:58:48.720> so 00:58:49.030 --> 00:58:49.040 align:start position:0% box which is inside the shuttle so 00:58:49.040 --> 00:58:52.789 align:start position:0% box which is inside the shuttle so there<00:58:49.839> we<00:58:50.000> did<00:58:50.240> the<00:58:51.680> remote<00:58:52.079> control<00:58:52.559> because 00:58:52.789 --> 00:58:52.799 align:start position:0% there we did the remote control because 00:58:52.799 --> 00:58:54.549 align:start position:0% there we did the remote control because computing<00:58:53.280> power<00:58:53.520> was<00:58:53.680> not<00:58:53.839> sufficient<00:58:54.319> on 00:58:54.549 --> 00:58:54.559 align:start position:0% computing power was not sufficient on 00:58:54.559 --> 00:58:55.589 align:start position:0% computing power was not sufficient on board 00:58:55.589 --> 00:58:55.599 align:start position:0% board 00:58:55.599 --> 00:58:57.430 align:start position:0% board we<00:58:55.839> had<00:58:55.920> to<00:58:56.160> transfer<00:58:56.559> the<00:58:56.720> images<00:58:57.200> to<00:58:57.359> the 00:58:57.430 --> 00:58:57.440 align:start position:0% we had to transfer the images to the 00:58:57.440 --> 00:58:59.270 align:start position:0% we had to transfer the images to the ground<00:58:58.079> and<00:58:58.240> this<00:58:58.400> went<00:58:58.720> through<00:58:58.960> several 00:58:59.270 --> 00:58:59.280 align:start position:0% ground and this went through several 00:58:59.280 --> 00:59:01.109 align:start position:0% ground and this went through several satellites<00:58:59.920> through 00:59:01.109 --> 00:59:01.119 align:start position:0% satellites through 00:59:01.119 --> 00:59:02.710 align:start position:0% satellites through i<00:59:01.200> don't<00:59:01.359> know<00:59:01.520> how<00:59:01.680> many<00:59:01.839> kilometers<00:59:02.400> or 00:59:02.710 --> 00:59:02.720 align:start position:0% i don't know how many kilometers or 00:59:02.720 --> 00:59:04.710 align:start position:0% i don't know how many kilometers or thousand<00:59:03.040> kilometers<00:59:03.520> of<00:59:03.680> cables 00:59:04.710 --> 00:59:04.720 align:start position:0% thousand kilometers of cables 00:59:04.720 --> 00:59:06.789 align:start position:0% thousand kilometers of cables uh<00:59:05.119> then<00:59:05.520> there<00:59:05.680> was<00:59:05.839> a<00:59:05.920> computation<00:59:06.480> done<00:59:06.720> in 00:59:06.789 --> 00:59:06.799 align:start position:0% uh then there was a computation done in 00:59:06.799 --> 00:59:08.789 align:start position:0% uh then there was a computation done in over<00:59:07.040> 500<00:59:07.680> and<00:59:07.839> of<00:59:07.920> course 00:59:08.789 --> 00:59:08.799 align:start position:0% over 500 and of course 00:59:08.799 --> 00:59:11.190 align:start position:0% over 500 and of course there<00:59:08.960> was<00:59:09.200> a<00:59:09.359> three<00:59:09.520> second<00:59:09.920> time<00:59:10.160> delay<00:59:11.040> when 00:59:11.190 --> 00:59:11.200 align:start position:0% there was a three second time delay when 00:59:11.200 --> 00:59:12.470 align:start position:0% there was a three second time delay when the<00:59:11.280> computer<00:59:11.680> started<00:59:12.000> working 00:59:12.470 --> 00:59:12.480 align:start position:0% the computer started working 00:59:12.480 --> 00:59:14.470 align:start position:0% the computer started working and<00:59:12.640> of<00:59:12.720> course<00:59:13.359> the<00:59:13.520> signal<00:59:13.839> going<00:59:14.079> back<00:59:14.319> to 00:59:14.470 --> 00:59:14.480 align:start position:0% and of course the signal going back to 00:59:14.480 --> 00:59:16.230 align:start position:0% and of course the signal going back to the<00:59:14.559> satellite<00:59:15.119> was<00:59:15.200> another<00:59:15.520> three<00:59:15.760> seconds 00:59:16.230 --> 00:59:16.240 align:start position:0% the satellite was another three seconds 00:59:16.240 --> 00:59:19.190 align:start position:0% the satellite was another three seconds so<00:59:17.440> overall<00:59:17.920> we<00:59:18.079> did<00:59:18.240> have<00:59:18.480> six<00:59:18.720> to<00:59:18.880> seven 00:59:19.190 --> 00:59:19.200 align:start position:0% so overall we did have six to seven 00:59:19.200 --> 00:59:21.030 align:start position:0% so overall we did have six to seven seconds<00:59:19.680> time<00:59:19.920> delay 00:59:21.030 --> 00:59:21.040 align:start position:0% seconds time delay 00:59:21.040 --> 00:59:23.670 align:start position:0% seconds time delay and<00:59:21.200> we<00:59:21.359> were<00:59:21.599> able<00:59:21.839> to<00:59:22.000> compensate<00:59:22.640> for<00:59:22.799> this 00:59:23.670 --> 00:59:23.680 align:start position:0% and we were able to compensate for this 00:59:23.680 --> 00:59:24.549 align:start position:0% and we were able to compensate for this by 00:59:24.549 --> 00:59:24.559 align:start position:0% by 00:59:24.559 --> 00:59:26.710 align:start position:0% by predictions<00:59:25.280> because<00:59:25.760> in<00:59:25.920> outer<00:59:26.240> space<00:59:26.559> of 00:59:26.710 --> 00:59:26.720 align:start position:0% predictions because in outer space of 00:59:26.720 --> 00:59:28.630 align:start position:0% predictions because in outer space of course<00:59:27.440> there<00:59:27.680> are<00:59:27.760> nice<00:59:28.079> newtonian 00:59:28.630 --> 00:59:28.640 align:start position:0% course there are nice newtonian 00:59:28.640 --> 00:59:29.670 align:start position:0% course there are nice newtonian conditions 00:59:29.670 --> 00:59:29.680 align:start position:0% conditions 00:59:29.680 --> 00:59:32.950 align:start position:0% conditions it's<00:59:30.000> a<00:59:30.079> second<00:59:30.400> order<00:59:30.640> system<00:59:32.559> except<00:59:32.799> for 00:59:32.950 --> 00:59:32.960 align:start position:0% it's a second order system except for 00:59:32.960 --> 00:59:33.270 align:start position:0% it's a second order system except for the 00:59:33.270 --> 00:59:33.280 align:start position:0% the 00:59:33.280 --> 00:59:34.870 align:start position:0% the corrections<00:59:33.760> which<00:59:34.000> are<00:59:34.079> being<00:59:34.240> done<00:59:34.559> on<00:59:34.720> the 00:59:34.870 --> 00:59:34.880 align:start position:0% corrections which are being done on the 00:59:34.880 --> 00:59:36.950 align:start position:0% corrections which are being done on the shuttle<00:59:35.200> but<00:59:35.599> the<00:59:35.760> system<00:59:36.079> itself 00:59:36.950 --> 00:59:36.960 align:start position:0% shuttle but the system itself 00:59:36.960 --> 00:59:39.589 align:start position:0% shuttle but the system itself it's<00:59:37.200> just<00:59:37.520> newtonian<00:59:38.000> motion<00:59:39.119> and<00:59:39.359> we've 00:59:39.589 --> 00:59:39.599 align:start position:0% it's just newtonian motion and we've 00:59:39.599 --> 00:59:41.750 align:start position:0% it's just newtonian motion and we've been<00:59:39.760> able<00:59:39.920> to<00:59:40.079> show<00:59:40.400> that 00:59:41.750 --> 00:59:41.760 align:start position:0% been able to show that 00:59:41.760 --> 00:59:46.470 align:start position:0% been able to show that there's<00:59:42.000> one<00:59:42.160> film<00:59:42.480> also<00:59:43.040> on<00:59:43.200> the<00:59:44.839> cd 00:59:46.470 --> 00:59:46.480 align:start position:0% there's one film also on the cd 00:59:46.480 --> 00:59:49.750 align:start position:0% there's one film also on the cd where<00:59:46.799> he<00:59:47.599> you<00:59:47.680> can<00:59:47.839> see<00:59:48.000> that<00:59:48.319> one<00:59:48.480> was<00:59:48.880> march 00:59:49.750 --> 00:59:49.760 align:start position:0% where he you can see that one was march 00:59:49.760 --> 00:59:54.069 align:start position:0% where he you can see that one was march 203<00:59:50.799> 1993<00:59:52.079> that<00:59:52.240> was<00:59:52.480> the<00:59:52.640> first<00:59:52.880> grasping 00:59:54.069 --> 00:59:54.079 align:start position:0% 203 1993 that was the first grasping 00:59:54.079 --> 00:59:55.829 align:start position:0% 203 1993 that was the first grasping in<00:59:54.160> the<00:59:54.319> meantime<00:59:54.720> i<00:59:54.799> think<00:59:55.200> some<00:59:55.359> activities 00:59:55.829 --> 00:59:55.839 align:start position:0% in the meantime i think some activities 00:59:55.839 --> 00:59:58.069 align:start position:0% in the meantime i think some activities have<00:59:56.000> been<00:59:56.240> done<00:59:56.720> both<00:59:56.960> by<00:59:57.119> the<00:59:57.280> japanese<00:59:57.839> and 00:59:58.069 --> 00:59:58.079 align:start position:0% have been done both by the japanese and 00:59:58.079 --> 01:00:00.150 align:start position:0% have been done both by the japanese and the<00:59:58.160> us<00:59:58.559> and<00:59:58.720> the<00:59:58.880> russians 01:00:00.150 --> 01:00:00.160 align:start position:0% the us and the russians 01:00:00.160 --> 01:00:02.390 align:start position:0% the us and the russians but<01:00:00.400> this<01:00:00.559> was<01:00:00.799> the<01:00:00.880> first<01:00:01.119> one<01:00:02.079> real 01:00:02.390 --> 01:00:02.400 align:start position:0% but this was the first one real 01:00:02.400 --> 01:00:04.230 align:start position:0% but this was the first one real application<01:00:03.040> i<01:00:03.200> think 01:00:04.230 --> 01:00:04.240 align:start position:0% application i think 01:00:04.240 --> 01:00:06.870 align:start position:0% application i think wouldn't<01:00:04.480> be<01:00:04.640> too<01:00:04.799> difficult<01:00:06.000> so<01:00:06.240> the<01:00:06.480> docking 01:00:06.870 --> 01:00:06.880 align:start position:0% wouldn't be too difficult so the docking 01:00:06.880 --> 01:00:09.910 align:start position:0% wouldn't be too difficult so the docking with<01:00:07.119> the<01:00:07.200> slow<01:00:07.599> speeds 01:00:09.910 --> 01:00:09.920 align:start position:0% with the slow speeds 01:00:09.920 --> 01:00:13.589 align:start position:0% with the slow speeds it's<01:00:10.400> just<01:00:10.640> a<01:00:10.799> question<01:00:11.119> of<01:00:12.799> would<01:00:12.960> you<01:00:13.119> do<01:00:13.280> it 01:00:13.589 --> 01:00:13.599 align:start position:0% it's just a question of would you do it 01:00:13.599 --> 01:00:14.309 align:start position:0% it's just a question of would you do it uh 01:00:14.309 --> 01:00:14.319 align:start position:0% uh 01:00:14.319 --> 01:00:16.549 align:start position:0% uh because<01:00:14.720> you<01:00:14.880> lose<01:00:15.280> one<01:00:15.440> more<01:00:15.760> justification 01:00:16.549 --> 01:00:16.559 align:start position:0% because you lose one more justification 01:00:16.559 --> 01:00:18.150 align:start position:0% because you lose one more justification for<01:00:16.720> having<01:00:16.960> humans<01:00:17.359> on<01:00:17.520> board 01:00:18.150 --> 01:00:18.160 align:start position:0% for having humans on board 01:00:18.160 --> 01:00:21.510 align:start position:0% for having humans on board and 01:00:21.510 --> 01:00:21.520 align:start position:0% 01:00:21.520 --> 01:00:23.510 align:start position:0% maybe<01:00:21.839> some<01:00:22.000> agencies<01:00:22.480> are<01:00:22.720> very<01:00:22.880> happy<01:00:23.119> that 01:00:23.510 --> 01:00:23.520 align:start position:0% maybe some agencies are very happy that 01:00:23.520 --> 01:00:25.670 align:start position:0% maybe some agencies are very happy that they<01:00:23.680> have<01:00:23.920> justification<01:00:24.559> for<01:00:24.720> humans 01:00:25.670 --> 01:00:25.680 align:start position:0% they have justification for humans 01:00:25.680 --> 01:00:29.270 align:start position:0% they have justification for humans yeah<01:00:26.160> yeah<01:00:27.119> um<01:00:28.400> so<01:00:28.559> who<01:00:28.720> are<01:00:28.880> some<01:00:29.040> of<01:00:29.119> your 01:00:29.270 --> 01:00:29.280 align:start position:0% yeah yeah um so who are some of your 01:00:29.280 --> 01:00:31.109 align:start position:0% yeah yeah um so who are some of your intellectual<01:00:30.000> influences 01:00:31.109 --> 01:00:31.119 align:start position:0% intellectual influences 01:00:31.119 --> 01:00:33.750 align:start position:0% intellectual influences as<01:00:31.359> far<01:00:31.520> as<01:00:31.760> what<01:00:32.079> inspired<01:00:32.559> you<01:00:32.880> to<01:00:33.200> go<01:00:33.440> into 01:00:33.750 --> 01:00:33.760 align:start position:0% as far as what inspired you to go into 01:00:33.760 --> 01:00:36.230 align:start position:0% as far as what inspired you to go into control<01:00:34.160> systems<01:00:34.720> or<01:00:34.799> what<01:00:35.040> inspired<01:00:35.440> you<01:00:35.599> to 01:00:36.230 --> 01:00:36.240 align:start position:0% control systems or what inspired you to 01:00:36.240 --> 01:00:37.750 align:start position:0% control systems or what inspired you to to<01:00:36.400> do<01:00:36.559> some<01:00:36.720> of<01:00:36.799> these<01:00:37.040> vision<01:00:37.359> control 01:00:37.750 --> 01:00:37.760 align:start position:0% to do some of these vision control 01:00:37.760 --> 01:00:42.150 align:start position:0% to do some of these vision control systems<01:00:38.319> for<01:00:38.720> for<01:00:38.880> self-driving<01:00:40.839> crimes 01:00:42.150 --> 01:00:42.160 align:start position:0% systems for for self-driving crimes 01:00:42.160 --> 01:00:45.750 align:start position:0% systems for for self-driving crimes well<01:00:42.400> i<01:00:42.480> was<01:00:43.040> uh<01:00:44.480> intrigued<01:00:45.040> when<01:00:45.280> i<01:00:45.359> first 01:00:45.750 --> 01:00:45.760 align:start position:0% well i was uh intrigued when i first 01:00:45.760 --> 01:00:47.349 align:start position:0% well i was uh intrigued when i first learned<01:00:46.000> about<01:00:46.240> differential<01:00:46.799> equations 01:00:47.349 --> 01:00:47.359 align:start position:0% learned about differential equations 01:00:47.359 --> 01:00:49.990 align:start position:0% learned about differential equations when<01:00:47.520> i<01:00:47.599> was<01:00:47.680> 16<01:00:48.079> or<01:00:48.160> 17<01:00:48.640> i<01:00:49.040> really<01:00:49.280> i<01:00:49.440> recollect 01:00:49.990 --> 01:00:50.000 align:start position:0% when i was 16 or 17 i really i recollect 01:00:50.000 --> 01:00:51.190 align:start position:0% when i was 16 or 17 i really i recollect that 01:00:51.190 --> 01:00:51.200 align:start position:0% that 01:00:51.200 --> 01:00:52.950 align:start position:0% that learning<01:00:51.599> differential<01:00:52.160> equations<01:00:52.720> and<01:00:52.799> what 01:00:52.950 --> 01:00:52.960 align:start position:0% learning differential equations and what 01:00:52.960 --> 01:00:55.589 align:start position:0% learning differential equations and what you<01:00:53.119> can<01:00:53.280> do<01:00:53.440> in<01:00:53.599> describing<01:00:54.160> the<01:00:54.319> world 01:00:55.589 --> 01:00:55.599 align:start position:0% you can do in describing the world 01:00:55.599 --> 01:00:59.109 align:start position:0% you can do in describing the world this<01:00:55.839> was<01:00:56.079> really<01:00:57.520> a<01:00:57.599> big<01:00:57.839> event<01:00:58.079> to<01:00:58.240> me 01:00:59.109 --> 01:00:59.119 align:start position:0% this was really a big event to me 01:00:59.119 --> 01:01:01.910 align:start position:0% this was really a big event to me and<01:00:59.280> then<01:00:59.440> i<01:00:59.599> decided<01:01:00.960> to<01:01:01.119> become<01:01:01.440> a<01:01:01.520> control 01:01:01.910 --> 01:01:01.920 align:start position:0% and then i decided to become a control 01:01:01.920 --> 01:01:02.549 align:start position:0% and then i decided to become a control engineer 01:01:02.549 --> 01:01:02.559 align:start position:0% engineer 01:01:02.559 --> 01:01:04.870 align:start position:0% engineer and<01:01:02.720> to<01:01:02.880> do<01:01:03.040> a<01:01:03.760> team<01:01:03.920> tour<01:01:04.160> engineer<01:01:04.559> of<01:01:04.640> course 01:01:04.870 --> 01:01:04.880 align:start position:0% and to do a team tour engineer of course 01:01:04.880 --> 01:01:06.150 align:start position:0% and to do a team tour engineer of course the<01:01:05.040> most<01:01:05.280> difficult 01:01:06.150 --> 01:01:06.160 align:start position:0% the most difficult 01:01:06.160 --> 01:01:07.990 align:start position:0% the most difficult things<01:01:06.400> to<01:01:06.559> control<01:01:07.040> were<01:01:07.280> aircraft<01:01:07.760> so<01:01:07.920> i 01:01:07.990 --> 01:01:08.000 align:start position:0% things to control were aircraft so i 01:01:08.000 --> 01:01:09.829 align:start position:0% things to control were aircraft so i decided<01:01:08.400> to<01:01:08.480> do 01:01:09.829 --> 01:01:09.839 align:start position:0% decided to do 01:01:09.839 --> 01:01:12.630 align:start position:0% decided to do aircraft<01:01:10.319> engineering<01:01:11.040> and<01:01:11.920> after<01:01:12.240> i've<01:01:12.400> done 01:01:12.630 --> 01:01:12.640 align:start position:0% aircraft engineering and after i've done 01:01:12.640 --> 01:01:14.069 align:start position:0% aircraft engineering and after i've done it<01:01:12.720> in<01:01:13.200> germany<01:01:13.680> i 01:01:14.069 --> 01:01:14.079 align:start position:0% it in germany i 01:01:14.079 --> 01:01:17.510 align:start position:0% it in germany i went<01:01:14.319> this<01:01:14.640> one<01:01:14.880> year<01:01:15.200> to<01:01:15.440> princeton<01:01:16.240> where 01:01:17.510 --> 01:01:17.520 align:start position:0% went this one year to princeton where 01:01:17.520 --> 01:01:20.309 align:start position:0% went this one year to princeton where i<01:01:17.760> looked<01:01:18.880> in<01:01:19.119> depth<01:01:19.599> into<01:01:19.839> control 01:01:20.309 --> 01:01:20.319 align:start position:0% i looked in depth into control 01:01:20.319 --> 01:01:21.510 align:start position:0% i looked in depth into control engineering 01:01:21.510 --> 01:01:21.520 align:start position:0% engineering 01:01:21.520 --> 01:01:25.990 align:start position:0% engineering and<01:01:22.640> there<01:01:22.880> it<01:01:23.040> was<01:01:23.599> dunstan<01:01:24.000> graham<01:01:24.400> and 01:01:25.990 --> 01:01:26.000 align:start position:0% and there it was dunstan graham and 01:01:26.000 --> 01:01:29.349 align:start position:0% and there it was dunstan graham and heckle 01:01:29.349 --> 01:01:29.359 align:start position:0% 01:01:29.359 --> 01:01:32.309 align:start position:0% he<01:01:29.520> wrote<01:01:29.760> a<01:01:29.839> book<01:01:30.079> on<01:01:31.599> dynamics<01:01:32.079> and<01:01:32.160> flight 01:01:32.309 --> 01:01:32.319 align:start position:0% he wrote a book on dynamics and flight 01:01:32.319 --> 01:01:34.549 align:start position:0% he wrote a book on dynamics and flight mechanics 01:01:34.549 --> 01:01:34.559 align:start position:0% mechanics 01:01:34.559 --> 01:01:37.750 align:start position:0% mechanics and<01:01:34.640> then<01:01:34.799> when<01:01:34.960> i<01:01:35.040> came<01:01:35.280> back<01:01:37.200> as<01:01:37.359> i<01:01:37.440> mentioned 01:01:37.750 --> 01:01:37.760 align:start position:0% and then when i came back as i mentioned 01:01:37.760 --> 01:01:38.230 align:start position:0% and then when i came back as i mentioned we<01:01:37.920> did 01:01:38.230 --> 01:01:38.240 align:start position:0% we did 01:01:38.240 --> 01:01:41.430 align:start position:0% we did this<01:01:38.720> um<01:01:39.760> symphony 01:01:41.430 --> 01:01:41.440 align:start position:0% this um symphony 01:01:41.440 --> 01:01:44.789 align:start position:0% this um symphony positioning<01:01:42.720> on<01:01:43.040> the<01:01:43.760> equatorial 01:01:44.789 --> 01:01:44.799 align:start position:0% positioning on the equatorial 01:01:44.799 --> 01:01:47.990 align:start position:0% positioning on the equatorial orbit<01:01:45.760> geostationary 01:01:47.990 --> 01:01:48.000 align:start position:0% orbit geostationary 01:01:48.000 --> 01:01:50.829 align:start position:0% orbit geostationary and<01:01:48.559> then<01:01:48.720> the<01:01:48.880> rest<01:01:49.119> was<01:01:49.520> just<01:01:49.920> uh<01:01:50.319> my<01:01:50.559> own 01:01:50.829 --> 01:01:50.839 align:start position:0% and then the rest was just uh my own 01:01:50.839 --> 01:01:52.470 align:start position:0% and then the rest was just uh my own idea 01:01:52.470 --> 01:01:52.480 align:start position:0% idea 01:01:52.480 --> 01:01:54.710 align:start position:0% idea i've<01:01:52.880> seen<01:01:53.200> what<01:01:53.680> you<01:01:53.839> could<01:01:54.000> do<01:01:54.240> with<01:01:54.400> this 01:01:54.710 --> 01:01:54.720 align:start position:0% i've seen what you could do with this 01:01:54.720 --> 01:01:56.470 align:start position:0% i've seen what you could do with this recursive<01:01:55.359> estimation 01:01:56.470 --> 01:01:56.480 align:start position:0% recursive estimation 01:01:56.480 --> 01:01:59.670 align:start position:0% recursive estimation part<01:01:56.799> which<01:01:57.039> is<01:01:57.119> nothing<01:01:57.440> but 01:01:59.670 --> 01:01:59.680 align:start position:0% 01:01:59.680 --> 01:02:01.750 align:start position:0% gaussian's<01:02:00.559> idea<01:02:00.960> of<01:02:01.200> least<01:02:01.440> squares 01:02:01.750 --> 01:02:01.760 align:start position:0% gaussian's idea of least squares 01:02:01.760 --> 01:02:03.589 align:start position:0% gaussian's idea of least squares approximation<01:02:02.559> but<01:02:02.720> gauss<01:02:03.039> did<01:02:03.280> the<01:02:03.359> least 01:02:03.589 --> 01:02:03.599 align:start position:0% approximation but gauss did the least 01:02:03.599 --> 01:02:06.870 align:start position:0% approximation but gauss did the least square<01:02:03.920> approximation<01:02:04.720> to<01:02:05.039> batch 01:02:06.870 --> 01:02:06.880 align:start position:0% square approximation to batch 01:02:06.880 --> 01:02:10.870 align:start position:0% square approximation to batch numbers<01:02:07.760> measured<01:02:09.039> and<01:02:09.760> what<01:02:10.000> kalman<01:02:10.400> did<01:02:10.640> was 01:02:10.870 --> 01:02:10.880 align:start position:0% numbers measured and what kalman did was 01:02:10.880 --> 01:02:12.270 align:start position:0% numbers measured and what kalman did was he 01:02:12.270 --> 01:02:12.280 align:start position:0% he 01:02:12.280 --> 01:02:15.349 align:start position:0% he re-defined<01:02:13.359> it<01:02:13.839> for<01:02:14.799> a 01:02:15.349 --> 01:02:15.359 align:start position:0% re-defined it for a 01:02:15.359 --> 01:02:17.510 align:start position:0% re-defined it for a sequence<01:02:15.920> of<01:02:16.160> measurements<01:02:16.720> coming<01:02:17.039> in<01:02:17.280> one 01:02:17.510 --> 01:02:17.520 align:start position:0% sequence of measurements coming in one 01:02:17.520 --> 01:02:18.470 align:start position:0% sequence of measurements coming in one after<01:02:17.760> the<01:02:17.920> other<01:02:18.160> for 01:02:18.470 --> 01:02:18.480 align:start position:0% after the other for 01:02:18.480 --> 01:02:19.990 align:start position:0% after the other for space<01:02:18.799> applications<01:02:19.440> this<01:02:19.599> was<01:02:19.760> very 01:02:19.990 --> 01:02:20.000 align:start position:0% space applications this was very 01:02:20.000 --> 01:02:22.470 align:start position:0% space applications this was very essential<01:02:21.119> so<01:02:21.280> he<01:02:21.440> did<01:02:21.599> it<01:02:21.760> in<01:02:21.839> a<01:02:21.920> recursive 01:02:22.470 --> 01:02:22.480 align:start position:0% essential so he did it in a recursive 01:02:22.480 --> 01:02:24.470 align:start position:0% essential so he did it in a recursive way<01:02:22.720> so<01:02:22.880> you<01:02:23.119> now<01:02:23.440> should<01:02:23.680> have 01:02:24.470 --> 01:02:24.480 align:start position:0% way so you now should have 01:02:24.480 --> 01:02:26.309 align:start position:0% way so you now should have dynamical<01:02:25.039> models<01:02:25.599> again<01:02:25.920> there<01:02:26.000> are<01:02:26.160> other 01:02:26.309 --> 01:02:26.319 align:start position:0% dynamical models again there are other 01:02:26.319 --> 01:02:27.990 align:start position:0% dynamical models again there are other differential<01:02:26.799> equations 01:02:27.990 --> 01:02:28.000 align:start position:0% differential equations 01:02:28.000 --> 01:02:31.670 align:start position:0% differential equations and<01:02:28.160> this<01:02:28.880> was<01:02:29.200> the<01:02:29.440> breakthrough<01:02:30.799> so 01:02:31.670 --> 01:02:31.680 align:start position:0% and this was the breakthrough so 01:02:31.680 --> 01:02:33.750 align:start position:0% and this was the breakthrough so i<01:02:31.839> tried<01:02:32.160> this<01:02:32.480> and<01:02:32.720> i<01:02:33.039> don't<01:02:33.200> know<01:02:33.359> it<01:02:33.440> was<01:02:33.760> in 01:02:33.750 --> 01:02:33.760 align:start position:0% i tried this and i don't know it was in 01:02:33.760 --> 01:02:34.950 align:start position:0% i tried this and i don't know it was in the<01:02:34.000> early 01:02:34.950 --> 01:02:34.960 align:start position:0% the early 01:02:34.960 --> 01:02:36.870 align:start position:0% the early 80s<01:02:35.440> when<01:02:35.599> we<01:02:35.760> had<01:02:35.920> a<01:02:36.000> meeting<01:02:36.480> somewhere<01:02:36.799> in 01:02:36.870 --> 01:02:36.880 align:start position:0% 80s when we had a meeting somewhere in 01:02:36.880 --> 01:02:38.630 align:start position:0% 80s when we had a meeting somewhere in kansas<01:02:37.280> i<01:02:37.359> think<01:02:37.599> it<01:02:37.680> was 01:02:38.630 --> 01:02:38.640 align:start position:0% kansas i think it was 01:02:38.640 --> 01:02:43.109 align:start position:0% kansas i think it was people<01:02:38.960> from<01:02:41.520> computer<01:02:41.920> science 01:02:43.109 --> 01:02:43.119 align:start position:0% people from computer science 01:02:43.119 --> 01:02:45.430 align:start position:0% people from computer science i<01:02:43.200> didn't<01:02:43.440> believe<01:02:43.680> in<01:02:43.839> it<01:02:44.240> they<01:02:44.480> had<01:02:44.640> heard 01:02:45.430 --> 01:02:45.440 align:start position:0% i didn't believe in it they had heard 01:02:45.440 --> 01:02:46.309 align:start position:0% i didn't believe in it they had heard common 01:02:46.309 --> 01:02:46.319 align:start position:0% common 01:02:46.319 --> 01:02:49.430 align:start position:0% common filtering<01:02:46.880> but<01:02:48.400> they<01:02:48.559> didn't<01:02:48.799> realize 01:02:49.430 --> 01:02:49.440 align:start position:0% filtering but they didn't realize 01:02:49.440 --> 01:02:52.150 align:start position:0% filtering but they didn't realize that<01:02:49.599> what<01:02:49.839> you<01:02:50.000> have<01:02:50.160> to<01:02:50.319> do<01:02:50.640> is<01:02:51.359> formulate 01:02:52.150 --> 01:02:52.160 align:start position:0% that what you have to do is formulate 01:02:52.160 --> 01:02:53.349 align:start position:0% that what you have to do is formulate your<01:02:52.400> models 01:02:53.349 --> 01:02:53.359 align:start position:0% your models 01:02:53.359 --> 01:02:55.990 align:start position:0% your models according<01:02:53.760> to<01:02:53.920> the<01:02:54.079> real<01:02:54.400> world<01:02:54.799> in<01:02:55.039> 3d<01:02:55.599> space 01:02:55.990 --> 01:02:56.000 align:start position:0% according to the real world in 3d space 01:02:56.000 --> 01:02:57.349 align:start position:0% according to the real world in 3d space and<01:02:56.160> time 01:02:57.349 --> 01:02:57.359 align:start position:0% and time 01:02:57.359 --> 01:03:00.309 align:start position:0% and time everything<01:02:57.839> in<01:02:57.920> 3d<01:02:58.480> both<01:02:58.880> the<01:02:59.039> object<01:02:59.839> shape 01:03:00.309 --> 01:03:00.319 align:start position:0% everything in 3d both the object shape 01:03:00.319 --> 01:03:01.670 align:start position:0% everything in 3d both the object shape and<01:03:00.480> the<01:03:00.640> motion 01:03:01.670 --> 01:03:01.680 align:start position:0% and the motion 01:03:01.680 --> 01:03:03.990 align:start position:0% and the motion and<01:03:02.000> correct<01:03:02.400> in<01:03:02.559> time<01:03:02.960> and<01:03:03.119> then<01:03:03.359> take<01:03:03.680> the 01:03:03.990 --> 01:03:04.000 align:start position:0% and correct in time and then take the 01:03:04.000 --> 01:03:05.589 align:start position:0% and correct in time and then take the perspective<01:03:04.640> model 01:03:05.589 --> 01:03:05.599 align:start position:0% perspective model 01:03:05.599 --> 01:03:09.829 align:start position:0% perspective model and<01:03:06.559> use<01:03:07.200> linear<01:03:07.599> approximations<01:03:08.480> to<01:03:08.720> these 01:03:09.829 --> 01:03:09.839 align:start position:0% and use linear approximations to these 01:03:09.839 --> 01:03:12.710 align:start position:0% and use linear approximations to these strongly<01:03:10.319> non-linear<01:03:11.359> processes<01:03:12.319> so<01:03:12.480> this 01:03:12.710 --> 01:03:12.720 align:start position:0% strongly non-linear processes so this 01:03:12.720 --> 01:03:14.150 align:start position:0% strongly non-linear processes so this was<01:03:12.960> the<01:03:13.119> breakthrough 01:03:14.150 --> 01:03:14.160 align:start position:0% was the breakthrough 01:03:14.160 --> 01:03:17.510 align:start position:0% was the breakthrough in<01:03:14.640> the<01:03:14.799> mid<01:03:15.119> mid<01:03:15.359> 80s 01:03:17.510 --> 01:03:17.520 align:start position:0% in the mid mid 80s 01:03:17.520 --> 01:03:20.309 align:start position:0% in the mid mid 80s so<01:03:17.760> essentially<01:03:18.319> at<01:03:18.400> that<01:03:18.559> time<01:03:19.119> um<01:03:20.079> maybe 01:03:20.309 --> 01:03:20.319 align:start position:0% so essentially at that time um maybe 01:03:20.319 --> 01:03:21.750 align:start position:0% so essentially at that time um maybe it's<01:03:20.559> more<01:03:20.720> the 01:03:21.750 --> 01:03:21.760 align:start position:0% it's more the 01:03:21.760 --> 01:03:23.349 align:start position:0% it's more the discussion<01:03:22.319> with<01:03:22.559> the<01:03:22.640> people<01:03:22.960> who<01:03:23.119> didn't 01:03:23.349 --> 01:03:23.359 align:start position:0% discussion with the people who didn't 01:03:23.359 --> 01:03:25.990 align:start position:0% discussion with the people who didn't believe<01:03:23.680> in<01:03:23.839> it<01:03:24.640> i<01:03:24.880> recall<01:03:25.280> when<01:03:25.520> we<01:03:25.680> first 01:03:25.990 --> 01:03:26.000 align:start position:0% believe in it i recall when we first 01:03:26.000 --> 01:03:28.150 align:start position:0% believe in it i recall when we first made<01:03:26.160> a<01:03:26.240> presentation<01:03:26.799> in<01:03:26.880> 1987<01:03:27.680> at<01:03:27.760> santa 01:03:28.150 --> 01:03:28.160 align:start position:0% made a presentation in 1987 at santa 01:03:28.160 --> 01:03:28.870 align:start position:0% made a presentation in 1987 at santa cruz<01:03:28.480> in 01:03:28.870 --> 01:03:28.880 align:start position:0% cruz in 01:03:28.880 --> 01:03:31.910 align:start position:0% cruz in california<01:03:30.079> there<01:03:30.240> was<01:03:30.640> a<01:03:31.200> not<01:03:31.520> advanced 01:03:31.910 --> 01:03:31.920 align:start position:0% california there was a not advanced 01:03:31.920 --> 01:03:32.870 align:start position:0% california there was a not advanced study<01:03:32.160> institute 01:03:32.870 --> 01:03:32.880 align:start position:0% study institute 01:03:32.880 --> 01:03:34.789 align:start position:0% study institute at<01:03:32.960> that<01:03:33.200> time<01:03:33.440> they<01:03:33.599> had<01:03:33.839> these<01:03:34.079> institutions 01:03:34.789 --> 01:03:34.799 align:start position:0% at that time they had these institutions 01:03:34.799 --> 01:03:37.990 align:start position:0% at that time they had these institutions where<01:03:35.599> they<01:03:35.760> brought<01:03:36.000> together<01:03:36.480> people<01:03:36.880> from 01:03:37.990 --> 01:03:38.000 align:start position:0% where they brought together people from 01:03:38.000 --> 01:03:41.430 align:start position:0% where they brought together people from physics<01:03:38.720> from<01:03:38.960> biology<01:03:39.920> from<01:03:40.160> physiology 01:03:41.430 --> 01:03:41.440 align:start position:0% physics from biology from physiology 01:03:41.440 --> 01:03:44.710 align:start position:0% physics from biology from physiology engineering<01:03:42.640> in<01:03:42.799> order<01:03:43.039> to<01:03:43.359> exchange 01:03:44.710 --> 01:03:44.720 align:start position:0% engineering in order to exchange 01:03:44.720 --> 01:03:47.990 align:start position:0% engineering in order to exchange what<01:03:45.920> might<01:03:46.160> be<01:03:46.400> necessary<01:03:47.039> for<01:03:47.280> developing 01:03:47.990 --> 01:03:48.000 align:start position:0% what might be necessary for developing 01:03:48.000 --> 01:03:51.029 align:start position:0% what might be necessary for developing intelligence<01:03:48.559> for<01:03:48.720> vehicles<01:03:50.160> and 01:03:51.029 --> 01:03:51.039 align:start position:0% intelligence for vehicles and 01:03:51.039 --> 01:03:53.589 align:start position:0% intelligence for vehicles and when<01:03:51.280> i<01:03:51.359> first<01:03:51.680> said<01:03:51.920> we've<01:03:52.480> used<01:03:53.280> common 01:03:53.589 --> 01:03:53.599 align:start position:0% when i first said we've used common 01:03:53.599 --> 01:03:56.829 align:start position:0% when i first said we've used common filtering<01:03:54.240> for 01:03:56.829 --> 01:03:56.839 align:start position:0% 01:03:56.839 --> 01:03:59.430 align:start position:0% interpreting<01:03:57.920> emotion<01:03:58.480> image<01:03:58.720> sequences<01:03:59.280> so 01:03:59.430 --> 01:03:59.440 align:start position:0% interpreting emotion image sequences so 01:03:59.440 --> 01:04:01.190 align:start position:0% interpreting emotion image sequences so they<01:03:59.599> said<01:03:59.760> well<01:04:00.000> forget<01:04:00.400> it<01:04:00.559> and<01:04:00.720> we've<01:04:00.960> tried 01:04:01.190 --> 01:04:01.200 align:start position:0% they said well forget it and we've tried 01:04:01.200 --> 01:04:03.349 align:start position:0% they said well forget it and we've tried this<01:04:01.359> for<01:04:01.599> years<01:04:02.000> and 01:04:03.349 --> 01:04:03.359 align:start position:0% this for years and 01:04:03.359 --> 01:04:06.870 align:start position:0% this for years and you're<01:04:03.520> not<01:04:03.760> going<01:04:04.960> to<01:04:05.119> get<01:04:05.359> far<01:04:05.599> with<01:04:05.760> that 01:04:06.870 --> 01:04:06.880 align:start position:0% you're not going to get far with that 01:04:06.880 --> 01:04:08.630 align:start position:0% you're not going to get far with that and<01:04:07.039> then<01:04:07.359> the<01:04:07.520> day<01:04:07.760> after<01:04:08.000> when<01:04:08.160> i<01:04:08.240> showed<01:04:08.480> my 01:04:08.630 --> 01:04:08.640 align:start position:0% and then the day after when i showed my 01:04:08.640 --> 01:04:09.990 align:start position:0% and then the day after when i showed my films 01:04:09.990 --> 01:04:10.000 align:start position:0% films 01:04:10.000 --> 01:04:13.029 align:start position:0% films already<01:04:10.400> with<01:04:10.640> the<01:04:10.720> car<01:04:10.960> running 01:04:13.029 --> 01:04:13.039 align:start position:0% already with the car running 01:04:13.039 --> 01:04:16.069 align:start position:0% already with the car running and<01:04:13.760> well<01:04:14.160> that<01:04:14.319> was<01:04:14.480> a<01:04:14.559> big<01:04:14.720> surprise 01:04:16.069 --> 01:04:16.079 align:start position:0% and well that was a big surprise 01:04:16.079 --> 01:04:18.950 align:start position:0% and well that was a big surprise so<01:04:16.559> uh<01:04:17.359> several<01:04:17.680> names<01:04:17.920> i<01:04:18.240> don't<01:04:18.400> want<01:04:18.559> to<01:04:18.799> to 01:04:18.950 --> 01:04:18.960 align:start position:0% so uh several names i don't want to to 01:04:18.960 --> 01:04:19.910 align:start position:0% so uh several names i don't want to to call<01:04:19.119> them<01:04:19.359> here<01:04:19.520> but 01:04:19.910 --> 01:04:19.920 align:start position:0% call them here but 01:04:19.920 --> 01:04:23.430 align:start position:0% call them here but they<01:04:20.079> said<01:04:20.319> well<01:04:21.280> that's<01:04:21.440> surprising<01:04:22.880> so 01:04:23.430 --> 01:04:23.440 align:start position:0% they said well that's surprising so 01:04:23.440 --> 01:04:26.870 align:start position:0% they said well that's surprising so then<01:04:23.680> we<01:04:24.559> continued<01:04:25.200> developing<01:04:25.680> this<01:04:26.240> and 01:04:26.870 --> 01:04:26.880 align:start position:0% then we continued developing this and 01:04:26.880 --> 01:04:30.069 align:start position:0% then we continued developing this and one<01:04:27.119> of<01:04:27.200> those<01:04:28.160> in<01:04:28.319> america<01:04:28.799> which<01:04:29.839> we<01:04:30.000> had 01:04:30.069 --> 01:04:30.079 align:start position:0% one of those in america which we had 01:04:30.079 --> 01:04:31.109 align:start position:0% one of those in america which we had quite<01:04:30.319> a<01:04:30.319> bit<01:04:30.480> of<01:04:30.559> exchange 01:04:31.109 --> 01:04:31.119 align:start position:0% quite a bit of exchange 01:04:31.119 --> 01:04:33.589 align:start position:0% quite a bit of exchange who<01:04:31.280> was<01:04:31.520> the<01:04:31.680> most<01:04:32.079> open<01:04:32.400> one<01:04:33.119> from<01:04:33.359> all<01:04:33.520> the 01:04:33.589 --> 01:04:33.599 align:start position:0% who was the most open one from all the 01:04:33.599 --> 01:04:36.390 align:start position:0% who was the most open one from all the american<01:04:33.920> colleagues<01:04:34.319> was<01:04:34.559> takio<01:04:34.960> canada 01:04:36.390 --> 01:04:36.400 align:start position:0% american colleagues was takio canada 01:04:36.400 --> 01:04:38.789 align:start position:0% american colleagues was takio canada so<01:04:36.720> i<01:04:36.960> really<01:04:37.280> appreciate<01:04:38.079> the<01:04:38.240> way<01:04:38.559> he 01:04:38.789 --> 01:04:38.799 align:start position:0% so i really appreciate the way he 01:04:38.799 --> 01:04:41.510 align:start position:0% so i really appreciate the way he handled<01:04:39.280> all<01:04:39.440> of<01:04:39.520> that 01:04:41.510 --> 01:04:41.520 align:start position:0% handled all of that 01:04:41.520 --> 01:04:44.150 align:start position:0% handled all of that it<01:04:41.599> was<01:04:41.839> different<01:04:42.319> from<01:04:43.280> other<01:04:43.520> experiences 01:04:44.150 --> 01:04:44.160 align:start position:0% it was different from other experiences 01:04:44.160 --> 01:04:45.589 align:start position:0% it was different from other experiences we<01:04:44.319> had<01:04:44.559> that 01:04:45.589 --> 01:04:45.599 align:start position:0% we had that 01:04:45.599 --> 01:04:47.829 align:start position:0% we had that video<01:04:46.000> equipment<01:04:46.400> was<01:04:46.559> gone<01:04:46.799> when<01:04:47.039> i<01:04:47.200> had<01:04:47.359> to 01:04:47.829 --> 01:04:47.839 align:start position:0% video equipment was gone when i had to 01:04:47.839 --> 01:04:49.670 align:start position:0% video equipment was gone when i had to to<01:04:48.000> give<01:04:48.160> a<01:04:48.240> presentation<01:04:48.960> things<01:04:49.200> like<01:04:49.440> this 01:04:49.670 --> 01:04:49.680 align:start position:0% to give a presentation things like this 01:04:49.680 --> 01:04:50.470 align:start position:0% to give a presentation things like this but 01:04:50.470 --> 01:04:50.480 align:start position:0% but 01:04:50.480 --> 01:04:52.230 align:start position:0% but so<01:04:50.640> he<01:04:50.799> really<01:04:51.119> he<01:04:51.280> invited<01:04:51.680> me<01:04:51.839> to<01:04:51.920> give<01:04:52.160> a 01:04:52.230 --> 01:04:52.240 align:start position:0% so he really he invited me to give a 01:04:52.240 --> 01:04:53.750 align:start position:0% so he really he invited me to give a talk<01:04:52.559> at<01:04:53.119> cmu 01:04:53.750 --> 01:04:53.760 align:start position:0% talk at cmu 01:04:53.760 --> 01:04:55.750 align:start position:0% talk at cmu and<01:04:53.839> we<01:04:54.000> had<01:04:54.160> discussions<01:04:54.799> and<01:04:55.440> i<01:04:55.599> could 01:04:55.750 --> 01:04:55.760 align:start position:0% and we had discussions and i could 01:04:55.760 --> 01:04:57.670 align:start position:0% and we had discussions and i could discuss<01:04:56.160> with<01:04:56.400> the<01:04:56.559> students<01:04:56.960> and 01:04:57.670 --> 01:04:57.680 align:start position:0% discuss with the students and 01:04:57.680 --> 01:05:00.069 align:start position:0% discuss with the students and they<01:04:57.920> were<01:04:58.160> open<01:04:58.640> and<01:04:58.799> they<01:04:59.039> started<01:04:59.440> some 01:05:00.069 --> 01:05:00.079 align:start position:0% they were open and they started some 01:05:00.079 --> 01:05:00.789 align:start position:0% they were open and they started some students 01:05:00.789 --> 01:05:00.799 align:start position:0% students 01:05:00.799 --> 01:05:03.750 align:start position:0% students started<01:05:01.440> in<01:05:01.520> the<01:05:01.599> same<01:05:01.839> direction<01:05:02.319> and<01:05:03.440> well 01:05:03.750 --> 01:05:03.760 align:start position:0% started in the same direction and well 01:05:03.760 --> 01:05:04.390 align:start position:0% started in the same direction and well they 01:05:04.390 --> 01:05:04.400 align:start position:0% they 01:05:04.400 --> 01:05:07.829 align:start position:0% they essentially<01:05:05.280> said<01:05:05.599> yeah 01:05:07.829 --> 01:05:07.839 align:start position:0% essentially said yeah 01:05:07.839 --> 01:05:10.950 align:start position:0% essentially said yeah looks<01:05:08.240> like<01:05:09.359> this<01:05:09.680> is<01:05:09.839> a<01:05:09.920> good<01:05:10.160> idea 01:05:10.950 --> 01:05:10.960 align:start position:0% looks like this is a good idea 01:05:10.960 --> 01:05:14.309 align:start position:0% looks like this is a good idea and<01:05:11.119> when<01:05:11.280> i<01:05:11.359> was<01:05:11.599> at<01:05:11.760> caltech<01:05:12.319> as<01:05:12.480> a 01:05:14.309 --> 01:05:14.319 align:start position:0% and when i was at caltech as a 01:05:14.319 --> 01:05:17.910 align:start position:0% and when i was at caltech as a visiting<01:05:14.720> professor<01:05:15.200> in<01:05:15.280> 1998<01:05:16.319> i<01:05:16.480> recall<01:05:17.039> that 01:05:17.910 --> 01:05:17.920 align:start position:0% visiting professor in 1998 i recall that 01:05:17.920 --> 01:05:20.870 align:start position:0% visiting professor in 1998 i recall that one<01:05:18.240> italian<01:05:18.799> guy<01:05:19.359> came<01:05:19.599> back<01:05:19.839> from<01:05:20.079> a 01:05:20.870 --> 01:05:20.880 align:start position:0% one italian guy came back from a 01:05:20.880 --> 01:05:21.750 align:start position:0% one italian guy came back from a conference 01:05:21.750 --> 01:05:21.760 align:start position:0% conference 01:05:21.760 --> 01:05:25.349 align:start position:0% conference in<01:05:22.240> hawaii<01:05:24.160> where<01:05:24.319> he<01:05:24.559> said 01:05:25.349 --> 01:05:25.359 align:start position:0% in hawaii where he said 01:05:25.359 --> 01:05:28.950 align:start position:0% in hawaii where he said well<01:05:26.400> it<01:05:26.559> looks<01:05:26.880> like<01:05:27.359> all<01:05:27.599> the<01:05:28.000> developments 01:05:28.950 --> 01:05:28.960 align:start position:0% well it looks like all the developments 01:05:28.960 --> 01:05:31.589 align:start position:0% well it looks like all the developments of<01:05:29.200> these<01:05:29.440> special<01:05:29.920> architectures<01:05:30.880> for 01:05:31.589 --> 01:05:31.599 align:start position:0% of these special architectures for 01:05:31.599 --> 01:05:33.589 align:start position:0% of these special architectures for vision<01:05:32.000> systems<01:05:32.559> based<01:05:32.960> on 01:05:33.589 --> 01:05:33.599 align:start position:0% vision systems based on 01:05:33.599 --> 01:05:36.870 align:start position:0% vision systems based on this<01:05:33.920> multiple<01:05:35.039> 110 01:05:36.870 --> 01:05:36.880 align:start position:0% this multiple 110 01:05:36.880 --> 01:05:39.589 align:start position:0% this multiple 110 10<01:05:37.200> 000<01:05:37.680> million<01:05:38.240> fold<01:05:38.960> single<01:05:39.280> bit 01:05:39.589 --> 01:05:39.599 align:start position:0% 10 000 million fold single bit 01:05:39.599 --> 01:05:41.910 align:start position:0% 10 000 million fold single bit processors 01:05:41.910 --> 01:05:41.920 align:start position:0% processors 01:05:41.920 --> 01:05:45.829 align:start position:0% processors it's<01:05:42.640> going<01:05:42.880> to<01:05:42.960> be<01:05:43.119> abandoned<01:05:43.680> it's 01:05:45.829 --> 01:05:45.839 align:start position:0% it's going to be abandoned it's 01:05:45.839 --> 01:05:48.789 align:start position:0% it's going to be abandoned it's no<01:05:46.160> more<01:05:46.400> seen<01:05:46.720> as<01:05:46.880> the<01:05:46.960> way<01:05:47.200> to<01:05:47.359> go<01:05:47.839> and<01:05:48.559> they 01:05:48.789 --> 01:05:48.799 align:start position:0% no more seen as the way to go and they 01:05:48.799 --> 01:05:49.670 align:start position:0% no more seen as the way to go and they switched<01:05:49.200> back 01:05:49.670 --> 01:05:49.680 align:start position:0% switched back 01:05:49.680 --> 01:05:53.109 align:start position:0% switched back to<01:05:50.799> the<01:05:51.440> what<01:05:51.599> is<01:05:51.760> it<01:05:52.480> what<01:05:52.640> do<01:05:52.720> you<01:05:52.799> call<01:05:52.960> this 01:05:53.109 --> 01:05:53.119 align:start position:0% to the what is it what do you call this 01:05:53.119 --> 01:05:54.549 align:start position:0% to the what is it what do you call this there's<01:05:53.359> a<01:05:53.599> there's<01:05:53.839> a<01:05:54.000> short 01:05:54.549 --> 01:05:54.559 align:start position:0% there's a there's a short 01:05:54.559 --> 01:05:58.710 align:start position:0% there's a there's a short term<01:05:55.520> uh<01:05:55.839> general<01:05:56.240> purpose<01:05:56.720> process<01:05:57.200> gpp 01:05:58.710 --> 01:05:58.720 align:start position:0% term uh general purpose process gpp 01:05:58.720 --> 01:06:01.510 align:start position:0% term uh general purpose process gpp um<01:05:59.280> and<01:05:59.440> development<01:06:00.240> which<01:06:00.480> then<01:06:00.799> just<01:06:01.119> went 01:06:01.510 --> 01:06:01.520 align:start position:0% um and development which then just went 01:06:01.520 --> 01:06:03.670 align:start position:0% um and development which then just went from<01:06:01.760> 16<01:06:02.240> to<01:06:02.480> 32<01:06:03.039> bit<01:06:03.280> or 01:06:03.670 --> 01:06:03.680 align:start position:0% from 16 to 32 bit or 01:06:03.680 --> 01:06:07.430 align:start position:0% from 16 to 32 bit or on<01:06:03.920> 32-bit<01:06:05.200> the<01:06:05.359> next<01:06:05.599> step<01:06:06.319> anyway<01:06:06.799> the 01:06:07.430 --> 01:06:07.440 align:start position:0% on 32-bit the next step anyway the 01:06:07.440 --> 01:06:10.309 align:start position:0% on 32-bit the next step anyway the communication<01:06:08.160> also<01:06:08.559> was<01:06:09.039> high<01:06:09.280> enough<01:06:10.160> at 01:06:10.309 --> 01:06:10.319 align:start position:0% communication also was high enough at 01:06:10.319 --> 01:06:11.750 align:start position:0% communication also was high enough at that<01:06:10.559> time<01:06:10.880> that<01:06:11.119> they<01:06:11.280> came<01:06:11.520> to<01:06:11.680> the 01:06:11.750 --> 01:06:11.760 align:start position:0% that time that they came to the 01:06:11.760 --> 01:06:12.710 align:start position:0% that time that they came to the conclusion 01:06:12.710 --> 01:06:12.720 align:start position:0% conclusion 01:06:12.720 --> 01:06:15.029 align:start position:0% conclusion we<01:06:12.880> can<01:06:13.119> do<01:06:13.359> all<01:06:13.520> of<01:06:13.680> it<01:06:14.240> with<01:06:14.480> conventional 01:06:15.029 --> 01:06:15.039 align:start position:0% we can do all of it with conventional 01:06:15.039 --> 01:06:16.950 align:start position:0% we can do all of it with conventional microprocessors 01:06:16.950 --> 01:06:16.960 align:start position:0% microprocessors 01:06:16.960 --> 01:06:20.069 align:start position:0% microprocessors and<01:06:17.119> this<01:06:17.359> is<01:06:17.440> the<01:06:17.599> way<01:06:18.160> how<01:06:18.400> things<01:06:18.640> develop 01:06:20.069 --> 01:06:20.079 align:start position:0% and this is the way how things develop 01:06:20.079 --> 01:06:21.670 align:start position:0% and this is the way how things develop i<01:06:20.160> don't<01:06:20.319> know<01:06:20.400> whether<01:06:20.640> you<01:06:20.720> were<01:06:20.960> aware<01:06:21.280> of 01:06:21.670 --> 01:06:21.680 align:start position:0% i don't know whether you were aware of 01:06:21.680 --> 01:06:23.430 align:start position:0% i don't know whether you were aware of of<01:06:21.839> the<01:06:22.079> first 01:06:23.430 --> 01:06:23.440 align:start position:0% of the first 01:06:23.440 --> 01:06:25.829 align:start position:0% of the first developments<01:06:24.160> in<01:06:24.240> the<01:06:24.480> darpa<01:06:24.880> project<01:06:25.680> on 01:06:25.829 --> 01:06:25.839 align:start position:0% developments in the darpa project on 01:06:25.839 --> 01:06:27.430 align:start position:0% developments in the darpa project on autonomous<01:06:26.240> vehicles 01:06:27.430 --> 01:06:27.440 align:start position:0% autonomous vehicles 01:06:27.440 --> 01:06:29.349 align:start position:0% autonomous vehicles they<01:06:27.680> had<01:06:28.240> about<01:06:28.480> a<01:06:28.640> dozen<01:06:28.960> different 01:06:29.349 --> 01:06:29.359 align:start position:0% they had about a dozen different 01:06:29.359 --> 01:06:30.789 align:start position:0% they had about a dozen different architectures 01:06:30.789 --> 01:06:30.799 align:start position:0% architectures 01:06:30.799 --> 01:06:32.630 align:start position:0% architectures specially<01:06:31.359> designed<01:06:31.839> architectures<01:06:32.480> for 01:06:32.630 --> 01:06:32.640 align:start position:0% specially designed architectures for 01:06:32.640 --> 01:06:35.029 align:start position:0% specially designed architectures for vision<01:06:33.680> one<01:06:33.920> of<01:06:34.000> the<01:06:34.079> most 01:06:35.029 --> 01:06:35.039 align:start position:0% vision one of the most 01:06:35.039 --> 01:06:36.950 align:start position:0% vision one of the most well<01:06:35.359> known<01:06:35.599> and<01:06:35.760> widespread<01:06:36.319> was<01:06:36.480> a<01:06:36.559> thinking 01:06:36.950 --> 01:06:36.960 align:start position:0% well known and widespread was a thinking 01:06:36.960 --> 01:06:38.549 align:start position:0% well known and widespread was a thinking machine 01:06:38.549 --> 01:06:38.559 align:start position:0% machine 01:06:38.559 --> 01:06:40.789 align:start position:0% machine and<01:06:38.799> i<01:06:38.960> always<01:06:39.200> had<01:06:39.359> the<01:06:39.520> impression<01:06:40.000> that 01:06:40.789 --> 01:06:40.799 align:start position:0% and i always had the impression that 01:06:40.799 --> 01:06:45.430 align:start position:0% and i always had the impression that handling<01:06:41.280> numbers<01:06:41.760> and 01:06:45.430 --> 01:06:45.440 align:start position:0% 01:06:45.440 --> 01:06:48.549 align:start position:0% getting<01:06:46.000> to<01:06:46.799> an<01:06:46.960> intellectual<01:06:47.520> level<01:06:48.240> is 01:06:48.549 --> 01:06:48.559 align:start position:0% getting to an intellectual level is 01:06:48.559 --> 01:06:51.910 align:start position:0% getting to an intellectual level is different<01:06:49.280> from<01:06:49.599> just<01:06:50.319> working<01:06:50.720> bottom<01:06:51.119> up 01:06:51.910 --> 01:06:51.920 align:start position:0% different from just working bottom up 01:06:51.920 --> 01:06:54.309 align:start position:0% different from just working bottom up you<01:06:52.160> have<01:06:52.400> to<01:06:52.559> have<01:06:53.200> the<01:06:53.359> high<01:06:53.680> end<01:06:53.839> component 01:06:54.309 --> 01:06:54.319 align:start position:0% you have to have the high end component 01:06:54.319 --> 01:06:56.230 align:start position:0% you have to have the high end component and<01:06:54.480> very<01:06:54.799> influential<01:06:55.440> to<01:06:55.599> me<01:06:55.839> i<01:06:55.920> think<01:06:56.079> you 01:06:56.230 --> 01:06:56.240 align:start position:0% and very influential to me i think you 01:06:56.240 --> 01:06:57.589 align:start position:0% and very influential to me i think you asked<01:06:56.480> this<01:06:56.640> question 01:06:57.589 --> 01:06:57.599 align:start position:0% asked this question 01:06:57.599 --> 01:07:01.349 align:start position:0% asked this question was<01:06:58.319> were<01:06:58.559> the<01:06:58.799> thoughts<01:06:59.359> of<01:07:00.319> tropenhauer<01:07:01.200> and 01:07:01.349 --> 01:07:01.359 align:start position:0% was were the thoughts of tropenhauer and 01:07:01.359 --> 01:07:02.870 align:start position:0% was were the thoughts of tropenhauer and of<01:07:01.520> course 01:07:02.870 --> 01:07:02.880 align:start position:0% of course 01:07:02.880 --> 01:07:05.670 align:start position:0% of course way<01:07:03.119> back<01:07:03.839> [ __ ]<01:07:04.880> [ __ ]<01:07:05.200> has<01:07:05.440> been 01:07:05.670 --> 01:07:05.680 align:start position:0% way back [ __ ] [ __ ] has been 01:07:05.680 --> 01:07:07.270 align:start position:0% way back [ __ ] [ __ ] has been misinterpreted<01:07:06.480> here<01:07:06.640> by<01:07:06.799> the<01:07:06.960> german 01:07:07.270 --> 01:07:07.280 align:start position:0% misinterpreted here by the german 01:07:07.280 --> 01:07:08.789 align:start position:0% misinterpreted here by the german idealists 01:07:08.789 --> 01:07:08.799 align:start position:0% idealists 01:07:08.799 --> 01:07:11.270 align:start position:0% idealists and<01:07:08.960> schweppenhauer<01:07:09.599> put<01:07:09.760> them<01:07:10.880> from<01:07:11.119> the 01:07:11.270 --> 01:07:11.280 align:start position:0% and schweppenhauer put them from the 01:07:11.280 --> 01:07:13.990 align:start position:0% and schweppenhauer put them from the head<01:07:11.520> on<01:07:11.599> the<01:07:11.680> feet<01:07:12.839> again 01:07:13.990 --> 01:07:14.000 align:start position:0% head on the feet again 01:07:14.000 --> 01:07:15.829 align:start position:0% head on the feet again he<01:07:14.160> made<01:07:14.400> the<01:07:14.480> distinction<01:07:15.039> between<01:07:15.440> the<01:07:15.599> real 01:07:15.829 --> 01:07:15.839 align:start position:0% he made the distinction between the real 01:07:15.839 --> 01:07:17.029 align:start position:0% he made the distinction between the real world<01:07:16.480> and 01:07:17.029 --> 01:07:17.039 align:start position:0% world and 01:07:17.039 --> 01:07:20.789 align:start position:0% world and the<01:07:17.280> world<01:07:17.760> within<01:07:18.079> our<01:07:18.319> haiti<01:07:18.960> alzheimer 01:07:20.789 --> 01:07:20.799 align:start position:0% the world within our haiti alzheimer 01:07:20.799 --> 01:07:23.829 align:start position:0% the world within our haiti alzheimer that<01:07:20.960> was<01:07:21.200> the<01:07:21.680> title<01:07:22.000> of<01:07:22.160> his<01:07:22.319> main<01:07:22.559> work<01:07:23.599> and 01:07:23.829 --> 01:07:23.839 align:start position:0% that was the title of his main work and 01:07:23.839 --> 01:07:24.789 align:start position:0% that was the title of his main work and i<01:07:23.920> think<01:07:24.160> this 01:07:24.789 --> 01:07:24.799 align:start position:0% i think this 01:07:24.799 --> 01:07:31.349 align:start position:0% i think this this<01:07:25.200> gave<01:07:25.440> me<01:07:25.680> some<01:07:26.839> um 01:07:31.349 --> 01:07:31.359 align:start position:0% 01:07:31.359 --> 01:07:35.109 align:start position:0% confidence<01:07:32.799> into<01:07:33.599> the<01:07:33.839> approach 01:07:35.109 --> 01:07:35.119 align:start position:0% confidence into the approach 01:07:35.119 --> 01:07:38.710 align:start position:0% confidence into the approach and<01:07:35.359> i<01:07:35.599> suddenly<01:07:36.880> thought<01:07:37.440> maybe 01:07:38.710 --> 01:07:38.720 align:start position:0% and i suddenly thought maybe 01:07:38.720 --> 01:07:40.390 align:start position:0% and i suddenly thought maybe this<01:07:39.039> approach<01:07:39.440> is<01:07:39.599> not<01:07:39.760> just<01:07:40.000> good<01:07:40.160> enough 01:07:40.390 --> 01:07:40.400 align:start position:0% this approach is not just good enough 01:07:40.400 --> 01:07:41.990 align:start position:0% this approach is not just good enough for<01:07:40.559> technical<01:07:41.280> interpretation 01:07:41.990 --> 01:07:42.000 align:start position:0% for technical interpretation 01:07:42.000 --> 01:07:45.910 align:start position:0% for technical interpretation but<01:07:42.160> you<01:07:42.319> can<01:07:43.359> you<01:07:43.520> can<01:07:43.680> really<01:07:44.799> um 01:07:45.910 --> 01:07:45.920 align:start position:0% but you can you can really um 01:07:45.920 --> 01:07:49.589 align:start position:0% but you can you can really um recognize<01:07:46.799> or<01:07:47.599> explain<01:07:48.640> quite<01:07:48.880> a<01:07:48.960> bit<01:07:49.200> of 01:07:49.589 --> 01:07:49.599 align:start position:0% recognize or explain quite a bit of 01:07:49.599 --> 01:07:52.630 align:start position:0% recognize or explain quite a bit of biological<01:07:50.319> systems<01:07:50.720> in<01:07:50.799> the<01:07:51.119> of<01:07:51.280> the<01:07:51.440> human 01:07:52.630 --> 01:07:52.640 align:start position:0% biological systems in the of the human 01:07:52.640 --> 01:07:55.670 align:start position:0% biological systems in the of the human mind<01:07:53.119> and<01:07:53.200> this<01:07:53.520> world<01:07:54.240> by<01:07:54.559> going<01:07:54.880> this<01:07:55.119> way 01:07:55.670 --> 01:07:55.680 align:start position:0% mind and this world by going this way 01:07:55.680 --> 01:07:58.390 align:start position:0% mind and this world by going this way so<01:07:55.839> you<01:07:56.079> have<01:07:56.319> to<01:07:56.559> start<01:07:56.960> from<01:07:57.200> a<01:07:57.280> high<01:07:57.520> level 01:07:58.390 --> 01:07:58.400 align:start position:0% so you have to start from a high level 01:07:58.400 --> 01:08:00.390 align:start position:0% so you have to start from a high level representation 01:08:00.390 --> 01:08:00.400 align:start position:0% representation 01:08:00.400 --> 01:08:03.990 align:start position:0% representation and<01:08:00.640> how<01:08:00.880> this<01:08:01.440> was<01:08:01.680> generated<01:08:02.640> what<01:08:02.880> was<01:08:03.200> the 01:08:03.990 --> 01:08:04.000 align:start position:0% and how this was generated what was the 01:08:04.000 --> 01:08:06.470 align:start position:0% and how this was generated what was the the<01:08:04.160> hardware<01:08:04.880> and<01:08:04.960> the<01:08:05.200> time<01:08:05.839> involved 01:08:06.470 --> 01:08:06.480 align:start position:0% the hardware and the time involved 01:08:06.480 --> 01:08:08.309 align:start position:0% the hardware and the time involved millions<01:08:07.039> of<01:08:07.200> years<01:08:07.680> and 01:08:08.309 --> 01:08:08.319 align:start position:0% millions of years and 01:08:08.319 --> 01:08:12.069 align:start position:0% millions of years and i<01:08:08.400> don't<01:08:08.559> know<01:08:08.720> how<01:08:08.880> many<01:08:09.760> hundreds<01:08:10.319> of<01:08:10.720> of<01:08:11.119> um 01:08:12.069 --> 01:08:12.079 align:start position:0% i don't know how many hundreds of of um 01:08:12.079 --> 01:08:15.190 align:start position:0% i don't know how many hundreds of of um generations<01:08:12.880> of<01:08:13.119> development 01:08:15.190 --> 01:08:15.200 align:start position:0% generations of development 01:08:15.200 --> 01:08:17.990 align:start position:0% generations of development what<01:08:15.440> it<01:08:15.520> boils<01:08:15.920> down<01:08:16.159> to<01:08:16.560> is<01:08:16.799> that<01:08:17.359> there<01:08:17.679> has 01:08:17.990 --> 01:08:18.000 align:start position:0% what it boils down to is that there has 01:08:18.000 --> 01:08:19.110 align:start position:0% what it boils down to is that there has to<01:08:18.159> be 01:08:19.110 --> 01:08:19.120 align:start position:0% to be 01:08:19.120 --> 01:08:22.149 align:start position:0% to be some<01:08:19.600> preconceived<01:08:20.640> notion<01:08:21.759> of 01:08:22.149 --> 01:08:22.159 align:start position:0% some preconceived notion of 01:08:22.159 --> 01:08:26.070 align:start position:0% some preconceived notion of a<01:08:22.400> spatial<01:08:22.880> temporal<01:08:23.359> world<01:08:25.120> and<01:08:25.359> then 01:08:26.070 --> 01:08:26.080 align:start position:0% a spatial temporal world and then 01:08:26.080 --> 01:08:29.430 align:start position:0% a spatial temporal world and then you<01:08:26.239> can<01:08:26.480> combine<01:08:27.839> sets<01:08:28.080> of<01:08:28.239> features 01:08:29.430 --> 01:08:29.440 align:start position:0% you can combine sets of features 01:08:29.440 --> 01:08:33.269 align:start position:0% you can combine sets of features with<01:08:31.199> object<01:08:32.000> object<01:08:32.400> classes 01:08:33.269 --> 01:08:33.279 align:start position:0% with object object classes 01:08:33.279 --> 01:08:36.070 align:start position:0% with object object classes individuals<01:08:33.920> of<01:08:34.080> objects<01:08:34.960> and<01:08:35.120> of<01:08:35.279> situations 01:08:36.070 --> 01:08:36.080 align:start position:0% individuals of objects and of situations 01:08:36.080 --> 01:08:39.910 align:start position:0% individuals of objects and of situations how<01:08:36.239> to<01:08:36.400> behave<01:08:36.799> in<01:08:36.880> which<01:08:37.120> situation 01:08:39.910 --> 01:08:39.920 align:start position:0% 01:08:39.920 --> 01:08:43.430 align:start position:0% and<01:08:40.080> this<01:08:40.319> is<01:08:40.400> what<01:08:40.560> we<01:08:42.000> did<01:08:42.239> then<01:08:42.799> i<01:08:42.880> had<01:08:43.120> up<01:08:43.199> to 01:08:43.430 --> 01:08:43.440 align:start position:0% and this is what we did then i had up to 01:08:43.440 --> 01:08:43.910 align:start position:0% and this is what we did then i had up to 20 01:08:43.910 --> 01:08:43.920 align:start position:0% 20 01:08:43.920 --> 01:08:47.030 align:start position:0% 20 phd<01:08:44.480> students<01:08:45.520> in<01:08:45.679> peril<01:08:46.239> and 01:08:47.030 --> 01:08:47.040 align:start position:0% phd students in peril and 01:08:47.040 --> 01:08:52.070 align:start position:0% phd students in peril and so<01:08:48.640> this<01:08:48.799> was<01:08:48.960> very<01:08:49.199> interesting<01:08:49.600> this<01:08:50.839> period 01:08:52.070 --> 01:08:52.080 align:start position:0% so this was very interesting this period 01:08:52.080 --> 01:08:53.430 align:start position:0% so this was very interesting this period and<01:08:52.159> we<01:08:52.319> made<01:08:52.480> quite<01:08:52.640> a<01:08:52.719> bit<01:08:52.880> of<01:08:52.960> progress<01:08:53.359> at 01:08:53.430 --> 01:08:53.440 align:start position:0% and we made quite a bit of progress at 01:08:53.440 --> 01:08:55.910 align:start position:0% and we made quite a bit of progress at that<01:08:53.679> time<01:08:54.799> people<01:08:55.040> came<01:08:55.279> to<01:08:55.359> visit<01:08:55.679> us<01:08:55.759> from 01:08:55.910 --> 01:08:55.920 align:start position:0% that time people came to visit us from 01:08:55.920 --> 01:08:57.910 align:start position:0% that time people came to visit us from all<01:08:56.080> over<01:08:56.239> the<01:08:56.400> world<01:08:56.640> from<01:08:56.799> japan<01:08:57.279> china 01:08:57.910 --> 01:08:57.920 align:start position:0% all over the world from japan china 01:08:57.920 --> 01:09:00.630 align:start position:0% all over the world from japan china u.s<01:08:58.319> of<01:08:58.400> course<01:08:58.719> also<01:08:59.759> all<01:08:59.920> of<01:09:00.080> europe<01:09:00.400> we<01:09:00.560> had 01:09:00.630 --> 01:09:00.640 align:start position:0% u.s of course also all of europe we had 01:09:00.640 --> 01:09:02.390 align:start position:0% u.s of course also all of europe we had the<01:09:00.880> common<01:09:01.199> project<01:09:01.600> prometheus<01:09:02.080> was<01:09:02.239> the 01:09:02.390 --> 01:09:02.400 align:start position:0% the common project prometheus was the 01:09:02.400 --> 01:09:03.749 align:start position:0% the common project prometheus was the european<01:09:02.799> project 01:09:03.749 --> 01:09:03.759 align:start position:0% european project 01:09:03.759 --> 01:09:05.669 align:start position:0% european project they<01:09:03.920> were<01:09:04.080> somewhat<01:09:04.400> like<01:09:04.719> i<01:09:04.880> don't<01:09:05.040> know<01:09:05.440> 20 01:09:05.669 --> 01:09:05.679 align:start position:0% they were somewhat like i don't know 20 01:09:05.679 --> 01:09:07.349 align:start position:0% they were somewhat like i don't know 20 or<01:09:05.759> 30<01:09:06.080> universities<01:09:06.640> involved<01:09:07.040> in<01:09:07.120> this 01:09:07.349 --> 01:09:07.359 align:start position:0% or 30 universities involved in this 01:09:07.359 --> 01:09:08.229 align:start position:0% or 30 universities involved in this project 01:09:08.229 --> 01:09:08.239 align:start position:0% project 01:09:08.239 --> 01:09:10.070 align:start position:0% project and<01:09:08.400> we<01:09:08.560> switched<01:09:08.960> around<01:09:09.279> from<01:09:09.440> one<01:09:09.679> place<01:09:09.920> to 01:09:10.070 --> 01:09:10.080 align:start position:0% and we switched around from one place to 01:09:10.080 --> 01:09:11.910 align:start position:0% and we switched around from one place to the<01:09:10.239> other<01:09:10.480> and<01:09:10.640> had<01:09:10.799> discussions 01:09:11.910 --> 01:09:11.920 align:start position:0% the other and had discussions 01:09:11.920 --> 01:09:15.349 align:start position:0% the other and had discussions so<01:09:12.080> this<01:09:12.239> was<01:09:12.400> very<01:09:13.199> very<01:09:13.440> interesting 01:09:15.349 --> 01:09:15.359 align:start position:0% so this was very very interesting 01:09:15.359 --> 01:09:17.430 align:start position:0% so this was very very interesting um<01:09:15.600> were<01:09:15.759> you<01:09:15.920> much<01:09:16.159> influenced<01:09:16.719> by<01:09:16.880> the<01:09:16.960> works 01:09:17.430 --> 01:09:17.440 align:start position:0% um were you much influenced by the works 01:09:17.440 --> 01:09:19.430 align:start position:0% um were you much influenced by the works of<01:09:17.520> the<01:09:17.679> cyberneticians<01:09:18.719> of 01:09:19.430 --> 01:09:19.440 align:start position:0% of the cyberneticians of 01:09:19.440 --> 01:09:22.709 align:start position:0% of the cyberneticians of norbert<01:09:19.839> wiener<01:09:20.239> or<01:09:20.880> warren<01:09:21.199> mcculloch 01:09:22.709 --> 01:09:22.719 align:start position:0% norbert wiener or warren mcculloch 01:09:22.719 --> 01:09:25.990 align:start position:0% norbert wiener or warren mcculloch well<01:09:22.960> of<01:09:23.040> course<01:09:23.920> robert<01:09:24.239> wiener<01:09:25.520> he<01:09:25.679> was 01:09:25.990 --> 01:09:26.000 align:start position:0% well of course robert wiener he was 01:09:26.000 --> 01:09:27.510 align:start position:0% well of course robert wiener he was essentially 01:09:27.510 --> 01:09:27.520 align:start position:0% essentially 01:09:27.520 --> 01:09:30.390 align:start position:0% essentially a<01:09:27.679> control<01:09:28.080> engineer<01:09:28.640> and<01:09:29.040> said<01:09:29.359> that<01:09:30.159> the 01:09:30.390 --> 01:09:30.400 align:start position:0% a control engineer and said that the 01:09:30.400 --> 01:09:32.229 align:start position:0% a control engineer and said that the idea<01:09:30.880> of<01:09:31.120> feedback 01:09:32.229 --> 01:09:32.239 align:start position:0% idea of feedback 01:09:32.239 --> 01:09:35.749 align:start position:0% idea of feedback that<01:09:32.480> you<01:09:32.880> use<01:09:33.759> information<01:09:34.640> in<01:09:34.799> order<01:09:35.120> to 01:09:35.749 --> 01:09:35.759 align:start position:0% that you use information in order to 01:09:35.759 --> 01:09:38.309 align:start position:0% that you use information in order to derive<01:09:36.640> your<01:09:36.960> proper<01:09:37.279> control<01:09:37.759> in<01:09:37.839> order<01:09:38.159> to 01:09:38.309 --> 01:09:38.319 align:start position:0% derive your proper control in order to 01:09:38.319 --> 01:09:39.669 align:start position:0% derive your proper control in order to achieve<01:09:38.640> a<01:09:38.719> goal 01:09:39.669 --> 01:09:39.679 align:start position:0% achieve a goal 01:09:39.679 --> 01:09:42.789 align:start position:0% achieve a goal that's<01:09:40.400> the<01:09:40.560> basic<01:09:41.040> idea<01:09:41.520> which 01:09:42.789 --> 01:09:42.799 align:start position:0% that's the basic idea which 01:09:42.799 --> 01:09:45.110 align:start position:0% that's the basic idea which has<01:09:43.040> been<01:09:44.080> followed<01:09:44.560> right<01:09:44.799> from<01:09:44.960> the 01:09:45.110 --> 01:09:45.120 align:start position:0% has been followed right from the 01:09:45.120 --> 01:09:46.309 align:start position:0% has been followed right from the beginning<01:09:45.600> yeah 01:09:46.309 --> 01:09:46.319 align:start position:0% beginning yeah 01:09:46.319 --> 01:09:47.910 align:start position:0% beginning yeah i<01:09:46.480> think<01:09:46.640> that's<01:09:46.880> very<01:09:47.040> essential<01:09:47.520> but<01:09:47.679> then 01:09:47.910 --> 01:09:47.920 align:start position:0% i think that's very essential but then 01:09:47.920 --> 01:09:49.510 align:start position:0% i think that's very essential but then of<01:09:48.000> course<01:09:48.880> uh 01:09:49.510 --> 01:09:49.520 align:start position:0% of course uh 01:09:49.520 --> 01:09:51.590 align:start position:0% of course uh when<01:09:50.319> all<01:09:50.480> the<01:09:50.640> predictions<01:09:51.199> have<01:09:51.279> been<01:09:51.440> done 01:09:51.590 --> 01:09:51.600 align:start position:0% when all the predictions have been done 01:09:51.600 --> 01:09:53.189 align:start position:0% when all the predictions have been done what<01:09:51.759> you<01:09:51.920> can<01:09:52.080> achieve<01:09:52.400> with<01:09:52.560> this<01:09:52.880> very 01:09:53.189 --> 01:09:53.199 align:start position:0% what you can achieve with this very 01:09:53.199 --> 01:09:54.550 align:start position:0% what you can achieve with this very general<01:09:53.600> approach 01:09:54.550 --> 01:09:54.560 align:start position:0% general approach 01:09:54.560 --> 01:09:56.550 align:start position:0% general approach people<01:09:54.880> note<01:09:55.120> it<01:09:55.679> especially<01:09:56.239> in<01:09:56.320> the 01:09:56.550 --> 01:09:56.560 align:start position:0% people note it especially in the 01:09:56.560 --> 01:09:58.390 align:start position:0% people note it especially in the computer<01:09:56.960> science<01:09:57.280> community 01:09:58.390 --> 01:09:58.400 align:start position:0% computer science community 01:09:58.400 --> 01:10:01.430 align:start position:0% computer science community that<01:09:58.640> it's<01:09:58.960> very<01:09:59.199> hard<01:09:59.760> to<01:10:00.000> represent 01:10:01.430 --> 01:10:01.440 align:start position:0% that it's very hard to represent 01:10:01.440 --> 01:10:03.910 align:start position:0% that it's very hard to represent background<01:10:01.920> knowledge<01:10:02.719> on<01:10:02.880> this<01:10:03.120> level<01:10:03.840> and 01:10:03.910 --> 01:10:03.920 align:start position:0% background knowledge on this level and 01:10:03.920 --> 01:10:04.950 align:start position:0% background knowledge on this level and that's<01:10:04.239> when 01:10:04.950 --> 01:10:04.960 align:start position:0% that's when 01:10:04.960 --> 01:10:08.149 align:start position:0% that's when the<01:10:05.600> separate<01:10:06.000> computer<01:10:06.480> science<01:10:07.679> artificial 01:10:08.149 --> 01:10:08.159 align:start position:0% the separate computer science artificial 01:10:08.159 --> 01:10:10.390 align:start position:0% the separate computer science artificial intelligence<01:10:08.719> direction<01:10:09.199> developed 01:10:10.390 --> 01:10:10.400 align:start position:0% intelligence direction developed 01:10:10.400 --> 01:10:12.070 align:start position:0% intelligence direction developed and<01:10:10.560> they<01:10:10.800> started<01:10:11.120> with<01:10:11.520> more<01:10:11.679> or<01:10:11.840> less 01:10:12.070 --> 01:10:12.080 align:start position:0% and they started with more or less 01:10:12.080 --> 01:10:14.070 align:start position:0% and they started with more or less static<01:10:12.480> frameworks 01:10:14.070 --> 01:10:14.080 align:start position:0% static frameworks 01:10:14.080 --> 01:10:17.110 align:start position:0% static frameworks but<01:10:14.400> this<01:10:14.719> was<01:10:15.520> and<01:10:15.840> i<01:10:16.159> i've<01:10:16.480> seen<01:10:16.719> that 01:10:17.110 --> 01:10:17.120 align:start position:0% but this was and i i've seen that 01:10:17.120 --> 01:10:19.830 align:start position:0% but this was and i i've seen that right<01:10:17.280> from<01:10:17.520> the<01:10:17.600> beginning<01:10:18.560> this<01:10:19.360> was<01:10:19.600> not 01:10:19.830 --> 01:10:19.840 align:start position:0% right from the beginning this was not 01:10:19.840 --> 01:10:21.189 align:start position:0% right from the beginning this was not going<01:10:20.080> to<01:10:20.239> solve<01:10:20.480> the<01:10:20.719> problem 01:10:21.189 --> 01:10:21.199 align:start position:0% going to solve the problem 01:10:21.199 --> 01:10:24.070 align:start position:0% going to solve the problem what<01:10:21.440> we<01:10:21.600> need<01:10:21.840> is<01:10:22.560> both<01:10:22.960> parts<01:10:23.600> we<01:10:23.760> need<01:10:24.000> the 01:10:24.070 --> 01:10:24.080 align:start position:0% what we need is both parts we need the 01:10:24.080 --> 01:10:26.310 align:start position:0% what we need is both parts we need the one<01:10:24.320> side<01:10:24.560> and<01:10:24.640> we<01:10:24.719> need<01:10:24.880> the<01:10:25.040> other<01:10:25.199> side 01:10:26.310 --> 01:10:26.320 align:start position:0% one side and we need the other side 01:10:26.320 --> 01:10:29.189 align:start position:0% one side and we need the other side and<01:10:26.400> what<01:10:26.640> i<01:10:26.719> could<01:10:26.880> see<01:10:27.120> was<01:10:27.440> that<01:10:28.480> what<01:10:28.800> is 01:10:29.189 --> 01:10:29.199 align:start position:0% and what i could see was that what is 01:10:29.199 --> 01:10:30.149 align:start position:0% and what i could see was that what is necessary 01:10:30.149 --> 01:10:30.159 align:start position:0% necessary 01:10:30.159 --> 01:10:34.229 align:start position:0% necessary in<01:10:30.320> order<01:10:30.719> to<01:10:32.880> get<01:10:33.120> powerful<01:10:33.600> systems 01:10:34.229 --> 01:10:34.239 align:start position:0% in order to get powerful systems 01:10:34.239 --> 01:10:37.350 align:start position:0% in order to get powerful systems is<01:10:34.480> to<01:10:34.719> combine<01:10:36.640> quasi-static 01:10:37.350 --> 01:10:37.360 align:start position:0% is to combine quasi-static 01:10:37.360 --> 01:10:38.550 align:start position:0% is to combine quasi-static representations 01:10:38.550 --> 01:10:38.560 align:start position:0% representations 01:10:38.560 --> 01:10:42.709 align:start position:0% representations but<01:10:38.800> not<01:10:39.199> as<01:10:39.840> static<01:10:40.320> facts<01:10:40.800> but<01:10:41.120> as 01:10:42.709 --> 01:10:42.719 align:start position:0% but not as static facts but as 01:10:42.719 --> 01:10:46.070 align:start position:0% but not as static facts but as models<01:10:43.600> for<01:10:43.840> dynamic<01:10:44.560> processes 01:10:46.070 --> 01:10:46.080 align:start position:0% models for dynamic processes 01:10:46.080 --> 01:10:48.470 align:start position:0% models for dynamic processes and<01:10:46.320> if<01:10:46.400> you<01:10:46.480> do<01:10:46.640> have<01:10:46.719> articulated<01:10:48.000> bodies 01:10:48.470 --> 01:10:48.480 align:start position:0% and if you do have articulated bodies 01:10:48.480 --> 01:10:49.990 align:start position:0% and if you do have articulated bodies you<01:10:48.640> do<01:10:48.800> have<01:10:48.880> certain<01:10:49.199> laws<01:10:49.520> how<01:10:49.679> they<01:10:49.840> can 01:10:49.990 --> 01:10:50.000 align:start position:0% you do have certain laws how they can 01:10:50.000 --> 01:10:50.709 align:start position:0% you do have certain laws how they can move 01:10:50.709 --> 01:10:50.719 align:start position:0% move 01:10:50.719 --> 01:10:52.390 align:start position:0% move and<01:10:50.960> all<01:10:51.120> of<01:10:51.199> this<01:10:51.360> you<01:10:51.520> have<01:10:51.600> to<01:10:51.679> represent 01:10:52.390 --> 01:10:52.400 align:start position:0% and all of this you have to represent 01:10:52.400 --> 01:10:54.229 align:start position:0% and all of this you have to represent and<01:10:52.560> once<01:10:52.960> this<01:10:53.199> is<01:10:53.360> available 01:10:54.229 --> 01:10:54.239 align:start position:0% and once this is available 01:10:54.239 --> 01:10:55.750 align:start position:0% and once this is available you<01:10:54.400> can<01:10:54.560> expect<01:10:54.880> what<01:10:55.040> the<01:10:55.199> other<01:10:55.360> guy<01:10:55.600> is 01:10:55.750 --> 01:10:55.760 align:start position:0% you can expect what the other guy is 01:10:55.760 --> 01:10:57.430 align:start position:0% you can expect what the other guy is going<01:10:55.920> to<01:10:56.080> do<01:10:56.640> which 01:10:57.430 --> 01:10:57.440 align:start position:0% going to do which 01:10:57.440 --> 01:10:59.590 align:start position:0% going to do which you<01:10:57.600> observe<01:10:58.000> if<01:10:58.159> you've<01:10:58.400> seen<01:10:58.640> a<01:10:59.040> situation 01:10:59.590 --> 01:10:59.600 align:start position:0% you observe if you've seen a situation 01:10:59.600 --> 01:11:00.630 align:start position:0% you observe if you've seen a situation like<01:10:59.760> that 01:11:00.630 --> 01:11:00.640 align:start position:0% like that 01:11:00.640 --> 01:11:04.070 align:start position:0% like that so<01:11:00.800> this<01:11:00.960> was<01:11:01.199> very<01:11:01.440> essential<01:11:02.400> but<01:11:03.520> you<01:11:03.760> need 01:11:04.070 --> 01:11:04.080 align:start position:0% so this was very essential but you need 01:11:04.080 --> 01:11:06.470 align:start position:0% so this was very essential but you need in<01:11:04.239> addition<01:11:04.640> to<01:11:04.800> venus<01:11:05.199> work<01:11:05.840> you<01:11:06.080> need<01:11:06.320> the 01:11:06.470 --> 01:11:06.480 align:start position:0% in addition to venus work you need the 01:11:06.480 --> 01:11:08.470 align:start position:0% in addition to venus work you need the static<01:11:06.880> representation<01:11:07.600> but<01:11:07.840> not<01:11:08.080> of<01:11:08.239> course 01:11:08.470 --> 01:11:08.480 align:start position:0% static representation but not of course 01:11:08.480 --> 01:11:10.830 align:start position:0% static representation but not of course aesthetic<01:11:08.960> states<01:11:09.280> but<01:11:09.520> of 01:11:10.830 --> 01:11:10.840 align:start position:0% aesthetic states but of 01:11:10.840 --> 01:11:14.950 align:start position:0% aesthetic states but of how<01:11:12.239> what<01:11:12.400> is<01:11:12.560> the<01:11:13.040> the<01:11:13.199> collection<01:11:13.600> of<01:11:13.760> models 01:11:14.950 --> 01:11:14.960 align:start position:0% how what is the the collection of models 01:11:14.960 --> 01:11:17.270 align:start position:0% how what is the the collection of models which<01:11:15.199> you<01:11:15.360> need<01:11:15.600> in<01:11:15.760> order<01:11:16.080> to<01:11:16.400> derive<01:11:16.960> at<01:11:17.120> an 01:11:17.270 --> 01:11:17.280 align:start position:0% which you need in order to derive at an 01:11:17.280 --> 01:11:18.470 align:start position:0% which you need in order to derive at an overall<01:11:17.679> system 01:11:18.470 --> 01:11:18.480 align:start position:0% overall system 01:11:18.480 --> 01:11:21.830 align:start position:0% overall system which<01:11:18.719> can<01:11:18.880> be<01:11:19.120> goal<01:11:19.360> directed<01:11:20.480> and<01:11:20.800> based<01:11:21.440> on 01:11:21.830 --> 01:11:21.840 align:start position:0% which can be goal directed and based on 01:11:21.840 --> 01:11:24.709 align:start position:0% which can be goal directed and based on momentaries<01:11:23.199> data<01:11:23.520> you<01:11:23.679> measure<01:11:24.560> do<01:11:24.640> you 01:11:24.709 --> 01:11:24.719 align:start position:0% momentaries data you measure do you 01:11:24.719 --> 01:11:26.950 align:start position:0% momentaries data you measure do you think<01:11:24.880> those<01:11:25.040> models<01:11:25.440> are<01:11:25.600> learnable 01:11:26.950 --> 01:11:26.960 align:start position:0% think those models are learnable 01:11:26.960 --> 01:11:30.310 align:start position:0% think those models are learnable yes<01:11:28.960> they<01:11:29.120> have<01:11:29.360> to<01:11:29.520> have<01:11:29.840> we<01:11:30.000> learned<01:11:30.239> them 01:11:30.310 --> 01:11:30.320 align:start position:0% yes they have to have we learned them 01:11:30.320 --> 01:11:32.790 align:start position:0% yes they have to have we learned them this<01:11:30.560> way 01:11:32.790 --> 01:11:32.800 align:start position:0% 01:11:32.800 --> 01:11:34.630 align:start position:0% i<01:11:32.960> don't<01:11:33.120> believe<01:11:33.440> that<01:11:34.080> there<01:11:34.239> is<01:11:34.400> some 01:11:34.630 --> 01:11:34.640 align:start position:0% i don't believe that there is some 01:11:34.640 --> 01:11:36.470 align:start position:0% i don't believe that there is some insertion<01:11:35.280> from 01:11:36.470 --> 01:11:36.480 align:start position:0% insertion from 01:11:36.480 --> 01:11:40.470 align:start position:0% insertion from another<01:11:36.880> world<01:11:37.280> also<01:11:37.840> so<01:11:38.080> this<01:11:38.320> is<01:11:38.840> all 01:11:40.470 --> 01:11:40.480 align:start position:0% another world also so this is all 01:11:40.480 --> 01:11:42.550 align:start position:0% another world also so this is all the<01:11:40.719> biological<01:11:41.280> systems<01:11:41.760> discovered<01:11:42.400> that 01:11:42.550 --> 01:11:42.560 align:start position:0% the biological systems discovered that 01:11:42.560 --> 01:11:43.830 align:start position:0% the biological systems discovered that they<01:11:42.800> have<01:11:43.040> some<01:11:43.280> data 01:11:43.830 --> 01:11:43.840 align:start position:0% they have some data 01:11:43.840 --> 01:11:46.149 align:start position:0% they have some data about<01:11:44.159> the<01:11:44.320> world<01:11:44.800> by<01:11:45.280> all<01:11:45.360> the<01:11:45.520> senses<01:11:46.000> and 01:11:46.149 --> 01:11:46.159 align:start position:0% about the world by all the senses and 01:11:46.159 --> 01:11:46.950 align:start position:0% about the world by all the senses and vision 01:11:46.950 --> 01:11:46.960 align:start position:0% vision 01:11:46.960 --> 01:11:49.430 align:start position:0% vision and<01:11:47.199> they<01:11:47.440> tried<01:11:48.320> to<01:11:48.560> get<01:11:49.040> a<01:11:49.199> good 01:11:49.430 --> 01:11:49.440 align:start position:0% and they tried to get a good 01:11:49.440 --> 01:11:51.030 align:start position:0% and they tried to get a good interpretation 01:11:51.030 --> 01:11:51.040 align:start position:0% interpretation 01:11:51.040 --> 01:11:56.149 align:start position:0% interpretation and<01:11:51.520> from<01:11:51.679> my<01:11:51.920> point<01:11:52.159> of<01:11:52.239> view<01:11:52.480> maybe 01:11:56.149 --> 01:11:56.159 align:start position:0% 01:11:56.159 --> 01:11:59.270 align:start position:0% schwitzen<01:11:56.960> to<01:11:57.679> say<01:11:57.920> it<01:11:58.080> a<01:11:58.159> little<01:11:58.320> bit 01:11:59.270 --> 01:11:59.280 align:start position:0% schwitzen to say it a little bit 01:11:59.280 --> 01:12:05.110 align:start position:0% schwitzen to say it a little bit over 01:12:05.110 --> 01:12:05.120 align:start position:0% 01:12:05.120 --> 01:12:08.870 align:start position:0% what<01:12:07.120> you<01:12:07.280> get<01:12:07.440> an<01:12:07.600> understanding 01:12:08.870 --> 01:12:08.880 align:start position:0% what you get an understanding 01:12:08.880 --> 01:12:12.070 align:start position:0% what you get an understanding of<01:12:09.280> why<01:12:09.840> the<01:12:10.080> notion<01:12:10.480> of<01:12:10.560> space<01:12:10.960> and<01:12:11.120> time<01:12:11.840> is 01:12:12.070 --> 01:12:12.080 align:start position:0% of why the notion of space and time is 01:12:12.080 --> 01:12:13.189 align:start position:0% of why the notion of space and time is necessary 01:12:13.189 --> 01:12:13.199 align:start position:0% necessary 01:12:13.199 --> 01:12:15.350 align:start position:0% necessary and<01:12:13.360> available<01:12:14.000> in<01:12:14.239> all<01:12:14.480> animals<01:12:14.960> right<01:12:15.199> from 01:12:15.350 --> 01:12:15.360 align:start position:0% and available in all animals right from 01:12:15.360 --> 01:12:17.510 align:start position:0% and available in all animals right from the<01:12:15.520> beginning<01:12:16.159> is<01:12:16.400> if<01:12:16.560> you<01:12:16.719> look 01:12:17.510 --> 01:12:17.520 align:start position:0% the beginning is if you look 01:12:17.520 --> 01:12:20.630 align:start position:0% the beginning is if you look at<01:12:17.760> the<01:12:18.000> way<01:12:18.640> how<01:12:18.880> the<01:12:19.120> inner<01:12:19.440> ear<01:12:19.679> works 01:12:20.630 --> 01:12:20.640 align:start position:0% at the way how the inner ear works 01:12:20.640 --> 01:12:22.790 align:start position:0% at the way how the inner ear works and<01:12:20.800> how<01:12:21.040> the<01:12:21.199> eye<01:12:21.440> works<01:12:22.000> and<01:12:22.320> on<01:12:22.480> one<01:12:22.640> of 01:12:22.790 --> 01:12:22.800 align:start position:0% and how the eye works and on one of 01:12:22.800 --> 01:12:23.830 align:start position:0% and how the eye works and on one of these<01:12:23.040> natto 01:12:23.830 --> 01:12:23.840 align:start position:0% these natto 01:12:23.840 --> 01:12:26.870 align:start position:0% these natto advanced<01:12:24.239> study<01:12:24.560> institutes<01:12:25.040> i<01:12:25.199> noted<01:12:26.640> and<01:12:26.800> i 01:12:26.870 --> 01:12:26.880 align:start position:0% advanced study institutes i noted and i 01:12:26.880 --> 01:12:27.830 align:start position:0% advanced study institutes i noted and i learned 01:12:27.830 --> 01:12:27.840 align:start position:0% learned 01:12:27.840 --> 01:12:31.270 align:start position:0% learned that<01:12:28.080> ndi<01:12:28.960> you<01:12:29.120> do<01:12:29.360> have<01:12:30.159> a<01:12:30.400> lag 01:12:31.270 --> 01:12:31.280 align:start position:0% that ndi you do have a lag 01:12:31.280 --> 01:12:33.270 align:start position:0% that ndi you do have a lag until<01:12:31.920> the<01:12:32.080> interpretation<01:12:32.719> of<01:12:32.800> the<01:12:32.960> world<01:12:33.199> is 01:12:33.270 --> 01:12:33.280 align:start position:0% until the interpretation of the world is 01:12:33.280 --> 01:12:36.950 align:start position:0% until the interpretation of the world is there<01:12:33.679> of<01:12:33.840> several<01:12:34.239> hundred<01:12:34.840> milliseconds 01:12:36.950 --> 01:12:36.960 align:start position:0% there of several hundred milliseconds 01:12:36.960 --> 01:12:40.070 align:start position:0% there of several hundred milliseconds in<01:12:37.120> the<01:12:37.280> inner<01:12:37.679> ear<01:12:38.480> you<01:12:38.640> do<01:12:38.880> get<01:12:39.120> the<01:12:39.360> derived 01:12:40.070 --> 01:12:40.080 align:start position:0% in the inner ear you do get the derived 01:12:40.080 --> 01:12:42.310 align:start position:0% in the inner ear you do get the derived measurements<01:12:40.640> of<01:12:40.880> accelerations<01:12:41.679> and<01:12:42.000> turn 01:12:42.310 --> 01:12:42.320 align:start position:0% measurements of accelerations and turn 01:12:42.320 --> 01:12:43.110 align:start position:0% measurements of accelerations and turn rates 01:12:43.110 --> 01:12:43.120 align:start position:0% rates 01:12:43.120 --> 01:12:45.750 align:start position:0% rates with<01:12:44.000> say<01:12:44.320> order<01:12:44.560> of<01:12:44.640> magnitude<01:12:45.199> millisecond 01:12:45.750 --> 01:12:45.760 align:start position:0% with say order of magnitude millisecond 01:12:45.760 --> 01:12:47.430 align:start position:0% with say order of magnitude millisecond time<01:12:46.000> delay 01:12:47.430 --> 01:12:47.440 align:start position:0% time delay 01:12:47.440 --> 01:12:51.270 align:start position:0% time delay and<01:12:47.679> in<01:12:47.760> order<01:12:48.080> to<01:12:48.239> get<01:12:48.640> these<01:12:48.960> two<01:12:50.080> combined 01:12:51.270 --> 01:12:51.280 align:start position:0% and in order to get these two combined 01:12:51.280 --> 01:12:53.590 align:start position:0% and in order to get these two combined you<01:12:51.600> have<01:12:51.760> to<01:12:52.000> have<01:12:52.239> a<01:12:52.320> notion<01:12:52.719> of<01:12:52.960> time<01:12:53.280> how<01:12:53.440> is 01:12:53.590 --> 01:12:53.600 align:start position:0% you have to have a notion of time how is 01:12:53.600 --> 01:12:55.910 align:start position:0% you have to have a notion of time how is this<01:12:54.159> going<01:12:54.400> to<01:12:54.560> be<01:12:54.719> developed 01:12:55.910 --> 01:12:55.920 align:start position:0% this going to be developed 01:12:55.920 --> 01:12:58.390 align:start position:0% this going to be developed and<01:12:56.239> one<01:12:56.480> of<01:12:56.560> the<01:12:56.719> nice<01:12:57.280> things<01:12:57.600> is<01:12:57.840> if<01:12:58.000> you<01:12:58.159> go 01:12:58.390 --> 01:12:58.400 align:start position:0% and one of the nice things is if you go 01:12:58.400 --> 01:13:00.070 align:start position:0% and one of the nice things is if you go on<01:12:58.640> to 01:13:00.070 --> 01:13:00.080 align:start position:0% on to 01:13:00.080 --> 01:13:03.350 align:start position:0% on to yarmouth<01:13:00.640> we<01:13:00.800> say<01:13:01.920> like<01:13:02.159> the<01:13:02.320> oktoberfest 01:13:03.350 --> 01:13:03.360 align:start position:0% yarmouth we say like the oktoberfest 01:13:03.360 --> 01:13:06.950 align:start position:0% yarmouth we say like the oktoberfest there<01:13:03.520> are<01:13:03.679> certain<01:13:05.199> carousels 01:13:06.950 --> 01:13:06.960 align:start position:0% there are certain carousels 01:13:06.960 --> 01:13:09.189 align:start position:0% there are certain carousels where<01:13:07.120> you<01:13:07.360> have<01:13:07.679> separate<01:13:08.159> motions<01:13:08.880> around 01:13:09.189 --> 01:13:09.199 align:start position:0% where you have separate motions around 01:13:09.199 --> 01:13:11.669 align:start position:0% where you have separate motions around separate<01:13:09.600> axes<01:13:10.000> and<01:13:10.159> what<01:13:10.320> happens<01:13:10.800> there<01:13:11.199> is 01:13:11.669 --> 01:13:11.679 align:start position:0% separate axes and what happens there is 01:13:11.679 --> 01:13:13.750 align:start position:0% separate axes and what happens there is that<01:13:11.840> the<01:13:12.000> visual<01:13:12.400> impression<01:13:12.960> doesn't<01:13:13.360> fit 01:13:13.750 --> 01:13:13.760 align:start position:0% that the visual impression doesn't fit 01:13:13.760 --> 01:13:15.189 align:start position:0% that the visual impression doesn't fit the<01:13:13.920> inner<01:13:14.239> ear<01:13:14.480> impression 01:13:15.189 --> 01:13:15.199 align:start position:0% the inner ear impression 01:13:15.199 --> 01:13:19.750 align:start position:0% the inner ear impression and<01:13:15.360> then<01:13:15.520> you<01:13:15.679> get<01:13:16.480> your 01:13:19.750 --> 01:13:19.760 align:start position:0% 01:13:19.760 --> 01:13:24.149 align:start position:0% yes<01:13:20.719> and<01:13:21.120> this<01:13:21.360> is<01:13:21.440> one<01:13:21.600> of<01:13:21.679> the<01:13:22.080> one<01:13:22.320> of<01:13:22.400> the 01:13:24.149 --> 01:13:24.159 align:start position:0% yes and this is one of the one of the 01:13:24.159 --> 01:13:25.830 align:start position:0% yes and this is one of the one of the actual<01:13:24.560> inputs<01:13:25.040> where<01:13:25.199> i<01:13:25.360> came<01:13:25.600> to<01:13:25.760> the 01:13:25.830 --> 01:13:25.840 align:start position:0% actual inputs where i came to the 01:13:25.840 --> 01:13:27.590 align:start position:0% actual inputs where i came to the conclusion 01:13:27.590 --> 01:13:27.600 align:start position:0% conclusion 01:13:27.600 --> 01:13:30.790 align:start position:0% conclusion the<01:13:28.400> internal<01:13:29.040> representation<01:13:29.920> of<01:13:30.159> time 01:13:30.790 --> 01:13:30.800 align:start position:0% the internal representation of time 01:13:30.800 --> 01:13:34.310 align:start position:0% the internal representation of time is<01:13:31.040> due<01:13:31.840> to<01:13:32.080> these<01:13:32.400> different<01:13:32.880> time<01:13:33.120> delays 01:13:34.310 --> 01:13:34.320 align:start position:0% is due to these different time delays 01:13:34.320 --> 01:13:36.709 align:start position:0% is due to these different time delays between<01:13:35.199> the<01:13:35.440> inertial<01:13:35.920> part<01:13:36.159> of<01:13:36.239> the<01:13:36.480> inner 01:13:36.709 --> 01:13:36.719 align:start position:0% between the inertial part of the inner 01:13:36.719 --> 01:13:38.790 align:start position:0% between the inertial part of the inner ear<01:13:37.120> and<01:13:37.280> the<01:13:37.440> eyes 01:13:38.790 --> 01:13:38.800 align:start position:0% ear and the eyes 01:13:38.800 --> 01:13:41.430 align:start position:0% ear and the eyes and<01:13:39.440> if<01:13:39.600> you<01:13:39.760> get<01:13:40.080> these<01:13:40.400> two<01:13:40.640> in<01:13:40.800> conjunction 01:13:41.430 --> 01:13:41.440 align:start position:0% and if you get these two in conjunction 01:13:41.440 --> 01:13:43.350 align:start position:0% and if you get these two in conjunction and<01:13:41.679> you<01:13:41.920> get<01:13:42.080> them<01:13:42.320> consistent 01:13:43.350 --> 01:13:43.360 align:start position:0% and you get them consistent 01:13:43.360 --> 01:13:46.470 align:start position:0% and you get them consistent then<01:13:43.520> you<01:13:43.679> feel<01:13:43.920> well<01:13:45.120> if<01:13:45.280> it's<01:13:45.440> not<01:13:45.600> the<01:13:45.760> case 01:13:46.470 --> 01:13:46.480 align:start position:0% then you feel well if it's not the case 01:13:46.480 --> 01:13:50.229 align:start position:0% then you feel well if it's not the case you<01:13:46.640> get<01:13:46.880> dizzy 01:13:50.229 --> 01:13:50.239 align:start position:0% 01:13:50.239 --> 01:13:52.950 align:start position:0% and<01:13:50.480> of<01:13:50.560> course<01:13:51.920> that's<01:13:52.159> the<01:13:52.320> very<01:13:52.560> nice<01:13:52.800> thing 01:13:52.950 --> 01:13:52.960 align:start position:0% and of course that's the very nice thing 01:13:52.960 --> 01:13:53.510 align:start position:0% and of course that's the very nice thing that<01:13:53.120> the 01:13:53.510 --> 01:13:53.520 align:start position:0% that the 01:13:53.520 --> 01:13:55.750 align:start position:0% that the inertial<01:13:54.080> sensors<01:13:54.560> from<01:13:54.719> the<01:13:54.880> energy<01:13:55.360> sensors 01:13:55.750 --> 01:13:55.760 align:start position:0% inertial sensors from the energy sensors 01:13:55.760 --> 01:13:57.430 align:start position:0% inertial sensors from the energy sensors you<01:13:55.920> get<01:13:56.239> the<01:13:56.480> impact 01:13:57.430 --> 01:13:57.440 align:start position:0% you get the impact 01:13:57.440 --> 01:13:59.510 align:start position:0% you get the impact of<01:13:57.679> perturbations<01:13:58.880> right<01:13:59.199> on<01:13:59.360> the 01:13:59.510 --> 01:13:59.520 align:start position:0% of perturbations right on the 01:13:59.520 --> 01:14:01.030 align:start position:0% of perturbations right on the acceleration<01:14:00.159> basis 01:14:01.030 --> 01:14:01.040 align:start position:0% acceleration basis 01:14:01.040 --> 01:14:03.990 align:start position:0% acceleration basis right<01:14:01.280> on<01:14:01.440> the<01:14:01.840> on<01:14:02.480> on<01:14:02.640> the<01:14:02.719> lowest<01:14:03.040> time<01:14:03.280> level 01:14:03.990 --> 01:14:04.000 align:start position:0% right on the on on the lowest time level 01:14:04.000 --> 01:14:05.990 align:start position:0% right on the on on the lowest time level if<01:14:04.159> you<01:14:04.320> want<01:14:04.480> to<01:14:04.719> interpret<01:14:05.120> an<01:14:05.280> acceleration 01:14:05.990 --> 01:14:06.000 align:start position:0% if you want to interpret an acceleration 01:14:06.000 --> 01:14:06.390 align:start position:0% if you want to interpret an acceleration by 01:14:06.390 --> 01:14:06.400 align:start position:0% by 01:14:06.400 --> 01:14:09.830 align:start position:0% by some<01:14:06.960> perturbation<01:14:08.080> from<01:14:08.320> vision<01:14:09.280> you<01:14:09.520> first 01:14:09.830 --> 01:14:09.840 align:start position:0% some perturbation from vision you first 01:14:09.840 --> 01:14:10.630 align:start position:0% some perturbation from vision you first derive 01:14:10.630 --> 01:14:10.640 align:start position:0% derive 01:14:10.640 --> 01:14:12.470 align:start position:0% derive vision<01:14:11.040> is<01:14:11.360> on<01:14:11.440> the<01:14:11.600> second<01:14:11.920> integration 01:14:12.470 --> 01:14:12.480 align:start position:0% vision is on the second integration 01:14:12.480 --> 01:14:14.550 align:start position:0% vision is on the second integration level<01:14:12.880> so<01:14:13.040> you<01:14:13.199> look<01:14:13.360> at<01:14:13.600> states 01:14:14.550 --> 01:14:14.560 align:start position:0% level so you look at states 01:14:14.560 --> 01:14:16.229 align:start position:0% level so you look at states you<01:14:14.719> have<01:14:14.800> to<01:14:14.960> have<01:14:15.120> the<01:14:15.280> first<01:14:15.520> derivative<01:14:16.080> to 01:14:16.229 --> 01:14:16.239 align:start position:0% you have to have the first derivative to 01:14:16.239 --> 01:14:18.550 align:start position:0% you have to have the first derivative to get<01:14:16.640> the<01:14:17.360> speeds<01:14:17.840> and<01:14:18.000> then<01:14:18.159> the<01:14:18.320> second 01:14:18.550 --> 01:14:18.560 align:start position:0% get the speeds and then the second 01:14:18.560 --> 01:14:20.390 align:start position:0% get the speeds and then the second derivative<01:14:19.040> is<01:14:19.199> accelerations 01:14:20.390 --> 01:14:20.400 align:start position:0% derivative is accelerations 01:14:20.400 --> 01:14:22.630 align:start position:0% derivative is accelerations so<01:14:20.640> again<01:14:20.880> the<01:14:21.040> combination<01:14:21.600> of<01:14:21.760> both<01:14:22.239> is<01:14:22.400> very 01:14:22.630 --> 01:14:22.640 align:start position:0% so again the combination of both is very 01:14:22.640 --> 01:14:23.910 align:start position:0% so again the combination of both is very essential 01:14:23.910 --> 01:14:23.920 align:start position:0% essential 01:14:23.920 --> 01:14:27.669 align:start position:0% essential and<01:14:24.080> that's<01:14:24.320> why<01:14:24.560> we<01:14:24.800> propose<01:14:25.840> you<01:14:26.080> need<01:14:26.880> a 01:14:27.669 --> 01:14:27.679 align:start position:0% and that's why we propose you need a 01:14:27.679 --> 01:14:30.630 align:start position:0% and that's why we propose you need a 4d<01:14:28.080> model<01:14:28.480> in<01:14:28.640> order<01:14:28.880> to<01:14:28.960> combine<01:14:29.360> this<01:14:30.480> and 01:14:30.630 --> 01:14:30.640 align:start position:0% 4d model in order to combine this and 01:14:30.640 --> 01:14:31.510 align:start position:0% 4d model in order to combine this and this 01:14:31.510 --> 01:14:31.520 align:start position:0% this 01:14:31.520 --> 01:14:33.669 align:start position:0% this i<01:14:31.679> consider<01:14:32.159> this<01:14:32.320> is<01:14:32.480> our<01:14:32.719> main<01:14:32.960> contribution 01:14:33.669 --> 01:14:33.679 align:start position:0% i consider this is our main contribution 01:14:33.679 --> 01:14:35.669 align:start position:0% i consider this is our main contribution to<01:14:34.239> dynamic<01:14:34.640> vision<01:14:34.960> that's<01:14:35.120> why<01:14:35.280> we<01:14:35.360> call<01:14:35.600> it 01:14:35.669 --> 01:14:35.679 align:start position:0% to dynamic vision that's why we call it 01:14:35.679 --> 01:14:38.149 align:start position:0% to dynamic vision that's why we call it dynamic<01:14:36.080> vision 01:14:38.149 --> 01:14:38.159 align:start position:0% dynamic vision 01:14:38.159 --> 01:14:42.390 align:start position:0% dynamic vision yeah<01:14:38.719> that's<01:14:39.040> very<01:14:39.199> interesting<01:14:40.840> um 01:14:42.390 --> 01:14:42.400 align:start position:0% yeah that's very interesting um 01:14:42.400 --> 01:14:43.669 align:start position:0% yeah that's very interesting um one<01:14:42.560> of<01:14:42.719> the<01:14:42.800> machine<01:14:43.120> science<01:14:43.440> phone 01:14:43.669 --> 01:14:43.679 align:start position:0% one of the machine science phone 01:14:43.679 --> 01:14:45.669 align:start position:0% one of the machine science phone forester<01:14:44.080> built<01:14:44.320> was<01:14:44.480> the<01:14:44.800> dynamic<01:14:45.280> signal 01:14:45.669 --> 01:14:45.679 align:start position:0% forester built was the dynamic signal 01:14:45.679 --> 01:14:47.270 align:start position:0% forester built was the dynamic signal analyzer<01:14:46.320> for<01:14:46.560> sound 01:14:47.270 --> 01:14:47.280 align:start position:0% analyzer for sound 01:14:47.280 --> 01:14:49.350 align:start position:0% analyzer for sound but<01:14:47.440> he<01:14:47.920> simultaneously<01:14:48.640> did<01:14:48.800> these<01:14:48.960> multiple 01:14:49.350 --> 01:14:49.360 align:start position:0% but he simultaneously did these multiple 01:14:49.360 --> 01:14:52.790 align:start position:0% but he simultaneously did these multiple derivative<01:14:50.080> analysis<01:14:50.719> of<01:14:50.800> sound<01:14:51.120> processing 01:14:52.790 --> 01:14:52.800 align:start position:0% derivative analysis of sound processing 01:14:52.800 --> 01:14:54.550 align:start position:0% derivative analysis of sound processing yes<01:14:53.040> if<01:14:53.120> you<01:14:53.199> have<01:14:53.360> one<01:14:53.600> sensor<01:14:54.080> you<01:14:54.239> are<01:14:54.320> not 01:14:54.550 --> 01:14:54.560 align:start position:0% yes if you have one sensor you are not 01:14:54.560 --> 01:14:56.790 align:start position:0% yes if you have one sensor you are not in<01:14:54.640> the<01:14:54.719> situ<01:14:55.040> in<01:14:55.120> the<01:14:55.199> same<01:14:55.440> situation 01:14:56.790 --> 01:14:56.800 align:start position:0% in the situ in the same situation 01:14:56.800 --> 01:14:59.030 align:start position:0% in the situ in the same situation uh<01:14:57.199> and<01:14:57.360> if<01:14:57.520> you<01:14:57.600> do<01:14:57.760> have<01:14:58.080> only<01:14:58.320> sensor<01:14:58.719> data 01:14:59.030 --> 01:14:59.040 align:start position:0% uh and if you do have only sensor data 01:14:59.040 --> 01:15:00.630 align:start position:0% uh and if you do have only sensor data and<01:14:59.199> you<01:14:59.280> have<01:14:59.360> to<01:14:59.520> work<01:14:59.760> with<01:15:00.000> it<01:15:00.159> you're<01:15:00.400> also 01:15:00.630 --> 01:15:00.640 align:start position:0% and you have to work with it you're also 01:15:00.640 --> 01:15:02.870 align:start position:0% and you have to work with it you're also not<01:15:00.880> in<01:15:00.960> the<01:15:01.120> situation<01:15:01.760> so<01:15:01.920> what<01:15:02.080> the 01:15:02.870 --> 01:15:02.880 align:start position:0% not in the situation so what the 01:15:02.880 --> 01:15:05.669 align:start position:0% not in the situation so what the the<01:15:03.199> the<01:15:04.080> biological<01:15:04.719> systems<01:15:05.120> had<01:15:05.280> to<01:15:05.440> come 01:15:05.669 --> 01:15:05.679 align:start position:0% the the biological systems had to come 01:15:05.679 --> 01:15:06.630 align:start position:0% the the biological systems had to come up<01:15:05.840> with 01:15:06.630 --> 01:15:06.640 align:start position:0% up with 01:15:06.640 --> 01:15:08.870 align:start position:0% up with some<01:15:07.199> representation<01:15:08.080> of<01:15:08.239> the<01:15:08.400> outside 01:15:08.870 --> 01:15:08.880 align:start position:0% some representation of the outside 01:15:08.880 --> 01:15:10.870 align:start position:0% some representation of the outside worlds<01:15:09.360> which<01:15:09.679> allows<01:15:10.159> you 01:15:10.870 --> 01:15:10.880 align:start position:0% worlds which allows you 01:15:10.880 --> 01:15:13.750 align:start position:0% worlds which allows you to<01:15:11.120> combine<01:15:12.000> the<01:15:12.239> large<01:15:12.640> time<01:15:12.880> delay<01:15:13.440> from<01:15:13.600> the 01:15:13.750 --> 01:15:13.760 align:start position:0% to combine the large time delay from the 01:15:13.760 --> 01:15:15.830 align:start position:0% to combine the large time delay from the visual<01:15:14.159> system<01:15:14.560> with<01:15:14.800> a<01:15:15.040> very<01:15:15.280> short<01:15:15.600> time 01:15:15.830 --> 01:15:15.840 align:start position:0% visual system with a very short time 01:15:15.840 --> 01:15:16.630 align:start position:0% visual system with a very short time delay 01:15:16.630 --> 01:15:16.640 align:start position:0% delay 01:15:16.640 --> 01:15:19.270 align:start position:0% delay at<01:15:16.800> least<01:15:17.040> on<01:15:17.199> your<01:15:18.080> system<01:15:18.719> and<01:15:18.880> what<01:15:19.040> helps 01:15:19.270 --> 01:15:19.280 align:start position:0% at least on your system and what helps 01:15:19.280 --> 01:15:20.390 align:start position:0% at least on your system and what helps you<01:15:19.440> also<01:15:19.760> is 01:15:20.390 --> 01:15:20.400 align:start position:0% you also is 01:15:20.400 --> 01:15:22.790 align:start position:0% you also is that<01:15:20.800> in<01:15:20.960> vision<01:15:21.600> relative<01:15:22.080> motion<01:15:22.400> between 01:15:22.790 --> 01:15:22.800 align:start position:0% that in vision relative motion between 01:15:22.800 --> 01:15:24.630 align:start position:0% that in vision relative motion between two<01:15:22.960> bodies<01:15:23.360> you<01:15:23.600> can<01:15:23.760> make<01:15:23.920> a<01:15:24.000> distinction<01:15:24.480> is 01:15:24.630 --> 01:15:24.640 align:start position:0% two bodies you can make a distinction is 01:15:24.640 --> 01:15:26.070 align:start position:0% two bodies you can make a distinction is he<01:15:24.719> moving<01:15:24.960> around 01:15:26.070 --> 01:15:26.080 align:start position:0% he moving around 01:15:26.080 --> 01:15:28.790 align:start position:0% he moving around and<01:15:26.320> again<01:15:26.719> here<01:15:27.280> the<01:15:27.760> visual<01:15:28.159> the<01:15:28.320> inertial 01:15:28.790 --> 01:15:28.800 align:start position:0% and again here the visual the inertial 01:15:28.800 --> 01:15:30.149 align:start position:0% and again here the visual the inertial system<01:15:29.120> helps<01:15:29.360> you<01:15:29.520> because 01:15:30.149 --> 01:15:30.159 align:start position:0% system helps you because 01:15:30.159 --> 01:15:33.189 align:start position:0% system helps you because your<01:15:30.480> own<01:15:31.360> motion<01:15:31.920> is<01:15:32.080> being<01:15:32.320> sensed<01:15:32.719> here<01:15:32.880> too 01:15:33.189 --> 01:15:33.199 align:start position:0% your own motion is being sensed here too 01:15:33.199 --> 01:15:34.709 align:start position:0% your own motion is being sensed here too so<01:15:33.520> you<01:15:33.679> get<01:15:33.920> another<01:15:34.239> input 01:15:34.709 --> 01:15:34.719 align:start position:0% so you get another input 01:15:34.719 --> 01:15:37.189 align:start position:0% so you get another input and<01:15:34.880> you<01:15:34.960> can<01:15:35.120> make<01:15:35.360> a<01:15:35.600> better<01:15:35.920> discrimination 01:15:37.189 --> 01:15:37.199 align:start position:0% and you can make a better discrimination 01:15:37.199 --> 01:15:38.870 align:start position:0% and you can make a better discrimination and<01:15:37.840> from<01:15:38.000> my<01:15:38.239> point<01:15:38.400> of<01:15:38.560> view 01:15:38.870 --> 01:15:38.880 align:start position:0% and from my point of view 01:15:38.880 --> 01:15:40.470 align:start position:0% and from my point of view this<01:15:39.120> is<01:15:39.280> the<01:15:39.520> starting<01:15:40.000> point<01:15:40.320> for 01:15:40.470 --> 01:15:40.480 align:start position:0% this is the starting point for 01:15:40.480 --> 01:15:43.590 align:start position:0% this is the starting point for developing<01:15:41.440> higher<01:15:41.920> integrated<01:15:42.640> systems 01:15:43.590 --> 01:15:43.600 align:start position:0% developing higher integrated systems 01:15:43.600 --> 01:15:50.830 align:start position:0% developing higher integrated systems with<01:15:44.320> the<01:15:44.480> notion<01:15:44.960> of<01:15:45.120> 3d<01:15:45.520> space<01:15:45.920> and<01:15:46.080> time 01:15:50.830 --> 01:15:50.840 align:start position:0% 01:15:50.840 --> 01:15:52.470 align:start position:0% integrated 01:15:52.470 --> 01:15:52.480 align:start position:0% integrated 01:15:52.480 --> 01:15:55.590 align:start position:0% integrated that's<01:15:52.800> great<01:15:54.800> um 01:15:55.590 --> 01:15:55.600 align:start position:0% that's great um 01:15:55.600 --> 01:16:01.350 align:start position:0% that's great um wow<01:15:56.159> okay 01:16:01.350 --> 01:16:01.360 align:start position:0% 01:16:01.360 --> 01:16:05.270 align:start position:0% so 01:16:05.270 --> 01:16:05.280 align:start position:0% 01:16:05.280 --> 01:16:07.830 align:start position:0% do<01:16:05.440> you<01:16:05.520> think<01:16:05.840> um<01:16:06.560> in<01:16:06.719> your<01:16:06.880> systems<01:16:07.520> do<01:16:07.679> you 01:16:07.830 --> 01:16:07.840 align:start position:0% do you think um in your systems do you 01:16:07.840 --> 01:16:09.750 align:start position:0% do you think um in your systems do you ever<01:16:08.000> try<01:16:08.159> to<01:16:08.400> extract<01:16:09.040> that 01:16:09.750 --> 01:16:09.760 align:start position:0% ever try to extract that 01:16:09.760 --> 01:16:12.149 align:start position:0% ever try to extract that three-dimensional<01:16:10.480> representation<01:16:11.440> and 01:16:12.149 --> 01:16:12.159 align:start position:0% three-dimensional representation and 01:16:12.159 --> 01:16:13.750 align:start position:0% three-dimensional representation and save<01:16:12.480> it<01:16:12.640> as<01:16:12.719> memory<01:16:13.280> i<01:16:13.360> mean<01:16:13.520> you're 01:16:13.750 --> 01:16:13.760 align:start position:0% save it as memory i mean you're 01:16:13.760 --> 01:16:14.630 align:start position:0% save it as memory i mean you're obviously<01:16:14.159> doing 01:16:14.630 --> 01:16:14.640 align:start position:0% obviously doing 01:16:14.640 --> 01:16:17.189 align:start position:0% obviously doing uh<01:16:15.040> over<01:16:15.440> time<01:16:15.679> spans<01:16:16.159> you<01:16:16.239> have<01:16:16.560> this<01:16:17.120> you 01:16:17.189 --> 01:16:17.199 align:start position:0% uh over time spans you have this you 01:16:17.199 --> 01:16:17.910 align:start position:0% uh over time spans you have this you know<01:16:17.280> there's 01:16:17.910 --> 01:16:17.920 align:start position:0% know there's 01:16:17.920 --> 01:16:20.870 align:start position:0% know there's one<01:16:18.080> dissertation<01:16:18.960> and<01:16:19.360> that's<01:16:19.679> maybe<01:16:20.719> the 01:16:20.870 --> 01:16:20.880 align:start position:0% one dissertation and that's maybe the 01:16:20.880 --> 01:16:22.550 align:start position:0% one dissertation and that's maybe the most<01:16:21.040> complex<01:16:21.440> representation<01:16:22.159> where<01:16:22.320> one<01:16:22.480> of 01:16:22.550 --> 01:16:22.560 align:start position:0% most complex representation where one of 01:16:22.560 --> 01:16:23.750 align:start position:0% most complex representation where one of my<01:16:22.719> students 01:16:23.750 --> 01:16:23.760 align:start position:0% my students 01:16:23.760 --> 01:16:27.270 align:start position:0% my students did<01:16:24.000> a<01:16:24.159> generic<01:16:24.719> class<01:16:25.040> of<01:16:25.440> car<01:16:25.679> models<01:16:26.560> and 01:16:27.270 --> 01:16:27.280 align:start position:0% did a generic class of car models and 01:16:27.280 --> 01:16:29.830 align:start position:0% did a generic class of car models and by<01:16:27.920> combining<01:16:28.719> certain<01:16:29.040> parameters<01:16:29.520> he<01:16:29.679> had 01:16:29.830 --> 01:16:29.840 align:start position:0% by combining certain parameters he had 01:16:29.840 --> 01:16:31.590 align:start position:0% by combining certain parameters he had about<01:16:30.000> 20<01:16:30.320> parameters<01:16:30.800> i<01:16:30.880> think 01:16:31.590 --> 01:16:31.600 align:start position:0% about 20 parameters i think 01:16:31.600 --> 01:16:34.550 align:start position:0% about 20 parameters i think by<01:16:32.080> selecting<01:16:32.719> parameter<01:16:33.679> value<01:16:34.000> ranges<01:16:34.400> for 01:16:34.550 --> 01:16:34.560 align:start position:0% by selecting parameter value ranges for 01:16:34.560 --> 01:16:35.590 align:start position:0% by selecting parameter value ranges for these<01:16:34.800> parameters 01:16:35.590 --> 01:16:35.600 align:start position:0% these parameters 01:16:35.600 --> 01:16:37.189 align:start position:0% these parameters he<01:16:35.760> could<01:16:35.920> make<01:16:36.080> distinctions<01:16:36.719> between<01:16:37.120> a 01:16:37.189 --> 01:16:37.199 align:start position:0% he could make distinctions between a 01:16:37.199 --> 01:16:38.790 align:start position:0% he could make distinctions between a passenger<01:16:37.679> car<01:16:37.920> sedan<01:16:38.480> and 01:16:38.790 --> 01:16:38.800 align:start position:0% passenger car sedan and 01:16:38.800 --> 01:16:43.510 align:start position:0% passenger car sedan and a<01:16:40.640> combi<01:16:41.440> and<01:16:41.760> a 01:16:43.510 --> 01:16:43.520 align:start position:0% a combi and a 01:16:43.520 --> 01:16:46.709 align:start position:0% a combi and a van<01:16:44.080> a<01:16:44.239> bus<01:16:45.199> and 01:16:46.709 --> 01:16:46.719 align:start position:0% van a bus and 01:16:46.719 --> 01:16:48.310 align:start position:0% van a bus and as<01:16:46.880> i<01:16:46.960> mentioned<01:16:47.199> 12<01:16:47.520> different<01:16:47.840> types<01:16:48.159> of 01:16:48.310 --> 01:16:48.320 align:start position:0% as i mentioned 12 different types of 01:16:48.320 --> 01:16:50.070 align:start position:0% as i mentioned 12 different types of cars 01:16:50.070 --> 01:16:50.080 align:start position:0% cars 01:16:50.080 --> 01:16:54.709 align:start position:0% cars and<01:16:51.120> we<01:16:51.280> were<01:16:51.520> able<01:16:52.239> to 01:16:54.709 --> 01:16:54.719 align:start position:0% 01:16:54.719 --> 01:16:57.350 align:start position:0% show<01:16:55.360> that<01:16:56.000> this<01:16:56.320> works<01:16:56.719> with<01:16:56.960> the<01:16:57.040> real 01:16:57.350 --> 01:16:57.360 align:start position:0% show that this works with the real 01:16:57.360 --> 01:16:59.430 align:start position:0% show that this works with the real systems 01:16:59.430 --> 01:16:59.440 align:start position:0% systems 01:16:59.440 --> 01:17:02.550 align:start position:0% systems so<01:17:00.640> models<01:17:01.360> and<01:17:01.600> the 01:17:02.550 --> 01:17:02.560 align:start position:0% so models and the 01:17:02.560 --> 01:17:05.910 align:start position:0% so models and the uh<01:17:03.679> adjustment<01:17:04.239> of<01:17:04.400> model<01:17:05.280> it's<01:17:05.440> the<01:17:05.600> central 01:17:05.910 --> 01:17:05.920 align:start position:0% uh adjustment of model it's the central 01:17:05.920 --> 01:17:06.310 align:start position:0% uh adjustment of model it's the central part 01:17:06.310 --> 01:17:06.320 align:start position:0% part 01:17:06.320 --> 01:17:08.709 align:start position:0% part generic<01:17:06.880> models<01:17:07.679> so<01:17:07.840> we<01:17:08.000> do<01:17:08.159> have<01:17:08.400> models 01:17:08.709 --> 01:17:08.719 align:start position:0% generic models so we do have models 01:17:08.719 --> 01:17:09.750 align:start position:0% generic models so we do have models which<01:17:09.040> are 01:17:09.750 --> 01:17:09.760 align:start position:0% which are 01:17:09.760 --> 01:17:11.830 align:start position:0% which are quite<01:17:10.000> adaptable<01:17:10.960> and<01:17:11.040> then<01:17:11.280> you<01:17:11.440> have<01:17:11.679> to 01:17:11.830 --> 01:17:11.840 align:start position:0% quite adaptable and then you have to 01:17:11.840 --> 01:17:13.270 align:start position:0% quite adaptable and then you have to have<01:17:12.080> the 01:17:13.270 --> 01:17:13.280 align:start position:0% have the 01:17:13.280 --> 01:17:16.229 align:start position:0% have the procedures<01:17:13.760> available<01:17:14.880> to<01:17:15.120> adapt<01:17:15.600> it<01:17:15.760> to<01:17:16.000> the 01:17:16.229 --> 01:17:16.239 align:start position:0% procedures available to adapt it to the 01:17:16.239 --> 01:17:18.709 align:start position:0% procedures available to adapt it to the corresponding<01:17:16.880> situation 01:17:18.709 --> 01:17:18.719 align:start position:0% corresponding situation 01:17:18.719 --> 01:17:22.390 align:start position:0% corresponding situation and<01:17:18.960> we<01:17:19.440> mostly<01:17:19.920> worked<01:17:20.239> with<01:17:20.480> edges<01:17:21.040> and 01:17:22.390 --> 01:17:22.400 align:start position:0% and we mostly worked with edges and 01:17:22.400 --> 01:17:25.189 align:start position:0% and we mostly worked with edges and corners<01:17:23.440> and<01:17:23.679> we<01:17:24.000> very<01:17:24.320> soon<01:17:24.719> came<01:17:24.960> to<01:17:25.120> the 01:17:25.189 --> 01:17:25.199 align:start position:0% corners and we very soon came to the 01:17:25.199 --> 01:17:26.870 align:start position:0% corners and we very soon came to the conclusion<01:17:25.679> we<01:17:25.920> have<01:17:26.159> to<01:17:26.320> have<01:17:26.640> some 01:17:26.870 --> 01:17:26.880 align:start position:0% conclusion we have to have some 01:17:26.880 --> 01:17:28.310 align:start position:0% conclusion we have to have some area-based 01:17:28.310 --> 01:17:28.320 align:start position:0% area-based 01:17:28.320 --> 01:17:30.870 align:start position:0% area-based information<01:17:28.960> like<01:17:29.199> texture<01:17:29.679> and<01:17:29.760> color<01:17:30.239> and 01:17:30.870 --> 01:17:30.880 align:start position:0% information like texture and color and 01:17:30.880 --> 01:17:32.390 align:start position:0% information like texture and color and but<01:17:31.040> computer<01:17:31.440> power<01:17:31.679> wasn't<01:17:31.920> there<01:17:32.159> that's 01:17:32.390 --> 01:17:32.400 align:start position:0% but computer power wasn't there that's 01:17:32.400 --> 01:17:33.189 align:start position:0% but computer power wasn't there that's why<01:17:32.560> we<01:17:32.640> couldn't 01:17:33.189 --> 01:17:33.199 align:start position:0% why we couldn't 01:17:33.199 --> 01:17:36.070 align:start position:0% why we couldn't couldn't<01:17:33.679> uh<01:17:34.159> start<01:17:34.480> with<01:17:34.719> it<01:17:35.040> but<01:17:35.280> nowadays 01:17:36.070 --> 01:17:36.080 align:start position:0% couldn't uh start with it but nowadays 01:17:36.080 --> 01:17:37.990 align:start position:0% couldn't uh start with it but nowadays it's<01:17:36.239> available<01:17:36.719> and<01:17:36.880> one<01:17:37.040> should<01:17:37.199> do<01:17:37.440> it 01:17:37.990 --> 01:17:38.000 align:start position:0% it's available and one should do it 01:17:38.000 --> 01:17:39.910 align:start position:0% it's available and one should do it yeah<01:17:38.320> and<01:17:38.480> once<01:17:38.719> this<01:17:38.960> is<01:17:39.040> available<01:17:39.600> i<01:17:39.679> think 01:17:39.910 --> 01:17:39.920 align:start position:0% yeah and once this is available i think 01:17:39.920 --> 01:17:41.430 align:start position:0% yeah and once this is available i think we<01:17:40.480> pretty<01:17:40.800> soon 01:17:41.430 --> 01:17:41.440 align:start position:0% we pretty soon 01:17:41.440 --> 01:17:43.830 align:start position:0% we pretty soon achieve<01:17:41.760> the<01:17:41.920> performance<01:17:42.400> level<01:17:42.719> of<01:17:42.840> humans 01:17:43.830 --> 01:17:43.840 align:start position:0% achieve the performance level of humans 01:17:43.840 --> 01:17:45.669 align:start position:0% achieve the performance level of humans i<01:17:44.000> guess<01:17:44.320> it's<01:17:44.560> one<01:17:44.719> or<01:17:44.800> two<01:17:44.960> decades<01:17:45.360> away 01:17:45.669 --> 01:17:45.679 align:start position:0% i guess it's one or two decades away 01:17:45.679 --> 01:17:48.709 align:start position:0% i guess it's one or two decades away tomorrow 01:17:48.709 --> 01:17:48.719 align:start position:0% 01:17:48.719 --> 01:17:49.910 align:start position:0% so<01:17:48.880> what<01:17:49.040> do<01:17:49.120> you<01:17:49.199> think<01:17:49.360> the<01:17:49.440> biggest 01:17:49.910 --> 01:17:49.920 align:start position:0% so what do you think the biggest 01:17:49.920 --> 01:17:52.630 align:start position:0% so what do you think the biggest transformations<01:17:50.800> in<01:17:50.880> robotics<01:17:51.440> have<01:17:51.600> been 01:17:52.630 --> 01:17:52.640 align:start position:0% transformations in robotics have been 01:17:52.640 --> 01:17:55.510 align:start position:0% transformations in robotics have been during<01:17:52.880> your<01:17:53.440> career<01:17:54.159> apart<01:17:54.480> from<01:17:54.719> the 01:17:55.510 --> 01:17:55.520 align:start position:0% during your career apart from the 01:17:55.520 --> 01:18:00.790 align:start position:0% during your career apart from the increasing<01:17:56.000> computing<01:17:56.840> power 01:18:00.790 --> 01:18:00.800 align:start position:0% 01:18:00.800 --> 01:18:03.030 align:start position:0% well<01:18:01.040> of<01:18:01.120> course<01:18:02.320> i<01:18:02.480> hope<01:18:02.719> that<01:18:02.880> the 01:18:03.030 --> 01:18:03.040 align:start position:0% well of course i hope that the 01:18:03.040 --> 01:18:04.390 align:start position:0% well of course i hope that the transition<01:18:03.520> from<01:18:03.679> course<01:18:03.920> aesthetic 01:18:04.390 --> 01:18:04.400 align:start position:0% transition from course aesthetic 01:18:04.400 --> 01:18:06.070 align:start position:0% transition from course aesthetic representations<01:18:05.199> to 01:18:06.070 --> 01:18:06.080 align:start position:0% representations to 01:18:06.080 --> 01:18:07.990 align:start position:0% representations to spatial<01:18:06.480> temporal<01:18:06.800> dynamic<01:18:07.199> representations 01:18:07.990 --> 01:18:08.000 align:start position:0% spatial temporal dynamic representations 01:18:08.000 --> 01:18:11.189 align:start position:0% spatial temporal dynamic representations is<01:18:08.159> one<01:18:08.320> of<01:18:08.400> the<01:18:08.560> essential<01:18:08.960> parts 01:18:11.189 --> 01:18:11.199 align:start position:0% is one of the essential parts 01:18:11.199 --> 01:18:16.149 align:start position:0% is one of the essential parts on<01:18:11.360> the<01:18:11.440> other<01:18:11.679> side<01:18:13.600> from 01:18:16.149 --> 01:18:16.159 align:start position:0% 01:18:16.159 --> 01:18:18.630 align:start position:0% no<01:18:16.400> i<01:18:16.480> think<01:18:16.880> all<01:18:17.040> the<01:18:17.199> basic<01:18:17.760> laws<01:18:18.159> have<01:18:18.400> been 01:18:18.630 --> 01:18:18.640 align:start position:0% no i think all the basic laws have been 01:18:18.640 --> 01:18:19.830 align:start position:0% no i think all the basic laws have been known 01:18:19.830 --> 01:18:19.840 align:start position:0% known 01:18:19.840 --> 01:18:21.669 align:start position:0% known motion<01:18:20.239> laws<01:18:20.480> have<01:18:20.640> been<01:18:20.800> known<01:18:21.120> perspective 01:18:21.669 --> 01:18:21.679 align:start position:0% motion laws have been known perspective 01:18:21.679 --> 01:18:23.830 align:start position:0% motion laws have been known perspective projection<01:18:22.159> has<01:18:22.400> been<01:18:22.560> known 01:18:23.830 --> 01:18:23.840 align:start position:0% projection has been known 01:18:23.840 --> 01:18:27.270 align:start position:0% projection has been known um<01:18:25.760> realizing 01:18:27.270 --> 01:18:27.280 align:start position:0% um realizing 01:18:27.280 --> 01:18:31.030 align:start position:0% um realizing that<01:18:28.560> systems<01:18:29.120> in<01:18:29.280> silicon 01:18:31.030 --> 01:18:31.040 align:start position:0% that systems in silicon 01:18:31.040 --> 01:18:33.590 align:start position:0% that systems in silicon have<01:18:31.199> to<01:18:31.360> be<01:18:31.600> because<01:18:32.000> of<01:18:32.159> the<01:18:32.560> properties<01:18:33.280> of 01:18:33.590 --> 01:18:33.600 align:start position:0% have to be because of the properties of 01:18:33.600 --> 01:18:34.470 align:start position:0% have to be because of the properties of the 01:18:34.470 --> 01:18:34.480 align:start position:0% the 01:18:34.480 --> 01:18:37.030 align:start position:0% the of<01:18:34.640> the<01:18:34.880> substrate<01:18:35.840> in<01:18:36.000> carbon<01:18:36.400> you<01:18:36.560> do<01:18:36.719> have<01:18:36.960> a 01:18:37.030 --> 01:18:37.040 align:start position:0% of the substrate in carbon you do have a 01:18:37.040 --> 01:18:38.470 align:start position:0% of the substrate in carbon you do have a reaction<01:18:37.440> time<01:18:37.760> in<01:18:38.080> the<01:18:38.159> range<01:18:38.400> of 01:18:38.470 --> 01:18:38.480 align:start position:0% reaction time in the range of 01:18:38.480 --> 01:18:39.510 align:start position:0% reaction time in the range of milliseconds 01:18:39.510 --> 01:18:39.520 align:start position:0% milliseconds 01:18:39.520 --> 01:18:41.590 align:start position:0% milliseconds in<01:18:39.679> silicon<01:18:40.080> you<01:18:40.239> do<01:18:40.400> have<01:18:40.560> ranges<01:18:40.960> of 01:18:41.590 --> 01:18:41.600 align:start position:0% in silicon you do have ranges of 01:18:41.600 --> 01:18:43.189 align:start position:0% in silicon you do have ranges of nanoseconds<01:18:42.400> or 01:18:43.189 --> 01:18:43.199 align:start position:0% nanoseconds or 01:18:43.199 --> 01:18:46.229 align:start position:0% nanoseconds or so<01:18:44.159> this<01:18:44.320> has<01:18:44.560> been<01:18:44.719> recognized<01:18:45.840> from<01:18:46.000> my 01:18:46.229 --> 01:18:46.239 align:start position:0% so this has been recognized from my 01:18:46.239 --> 01:18:47.189 align:start position:0% so this has been recognized from my feeling<01:18:46.719> where 01:18:47.189 --> 01:18:47.199 align:start position:0% feeling where 01:18:47.199 --> 01:18:49.669 align:start position:0% feeling where money<01:18:47.600> went<01:18:47.840> for<01:18:48.000> developing<01:18:48.480> systems<01:18:49.360> only 01:18:49.669 --> 01:18:49.679 align:start position:0% money went for developing systems only 01:18:49.679 --> 01:18:51.750 align:start position:0% money went for developing systems only by<01:18:49.920> the<01:18:50.000> late<01:18:50.239> 80s<01:18:50.560> early<01:18:50.800> 90s 01:18:51.750 --> 01:18:51.760 align:start position:0% by the late 80s early 90s 01:18:51.760 --> 01:18:56.229 align:start position:0% by the late 80s early 90s so<01:18:51.920> this<01:18:52.159> was<01:18:52.320> a<01:18:52.400> very<01:18:52.640> essential<01:18:53.120> part<01:18:54.159> and 01:18:56.229 --> 01:18:56.239 align:start position:0% so this was a very essential part and 01:18:56.239 --> 01:18:59.430 align:start position:0% so this was a very essential part and now<01:18:56.480> of<01:18:56.640> course<01:18:57.120> once<01:18:57.840> this<01:18:58.080> is<01:18:58.239> going<01:18:59.120> to<01:18:59.280> be 01:18:59.430 --> 01:18:59.440 align:start position:0% now of course once this is going to be 01:18:59.440 --> 01:19:00.149 align:start position:0% now of course once this is going to be developed 01:19:00.149 --> 01:19:00.159 align:start position:0% developed 01:19:00.159 --> 01:19:03.350 align:start position:0% developed you<01:19:00.320> can<01:19:00.560> see<01:19:00.800> that<01:19:01.760> with<01:19:02.080> progress<01:19:02.640> in 01:19:03.350 --> 01:19:03.360 align:start position:0% you can see that with progress in 01:19:03.360 --> 01:19:06.830 align:start position:0% you can see that with progress in electronics<01:19:04.080> also<01:19:04.960> now<01:19:05.199> you<01:19:05.360> can<01:19:05.520> make 01:19:06.830 --> 01:19:06.840 align:start position:0% electronics also now you can make 01:19:06.840 --> 01:19:08.149 align:start position:0% electronics also now you can make subsystems 01:19:08.149 --> 01:19:08.159 align:start position:0% subsystems 01:19:08.159 --> 01:19:10.630 align:start position:0% subsystems which<01:19:08.480> you<01:19:08.800> combine<01:19:09.760> with<01:19:10.159> conventional 01:19:10.630 --> 01:19:10.640 align:start position:0% which you combine with conventional 01:19:10.640 --> 01:19:12.149 align:start position:0% which you combine with conventional computer<01:19:11.120> systems 01:19:12.149 --> 01:19:12.159 align:start position:0% computer systems 01:19:12.159 --> 01:19:14.470 align:start position:0% computer systems uh<01:19:12.719> maybe<01:19:12.960> i<01:19:13.040> should<01:19:13.360> uh<01:19:13.760> mention<01:19:14.080> at<01:19:14.239> this 01:19:14.470 --> 01:19:14.480 align:start position:0% uh maybe i should uh mention at this 01:19:14.480 --> 01:19:15.189 align:start position:0% uh maybe i should uh mention at this point 01:19:15.189 --> 01:19:15.199 align:start position:0% point 01:19:15.199 --> 01:19:16.630 align:start position:0% point when<01:19:15.360> we<01:19:15.520> did<01:19:15.679> this<01:19:16.000> it<01:19:16.080> did<01:19:16.320> have<01:19:16.480> this 01:19:16.630 --> 01:19:16.640 align:start position:0% when we did this it did have this 01:19:16.640 --> 01:19:18.630 align:start position:0% when we did this it did have this cooperation<01:19:17.440> in<01:19:17.840> negative<01:19:18.239> obstacle 01:19:18.630 --> 01:19:18.640 align:start position:0% cooperation in negative obstacle 01:19:18.640 --> 01:19:20.630 align:start position:0% cooperation in negative obstacle detection<01:19:19.120> with<01:19:19.280> the<01:19:19.360> us<01:19:19.760> army 01:19:20.630 --> 01:19:20.640 align:start position:0% detection with the us army 01:19:20.640 --> 01:19:24.229 align:start position:0% detection with the us army uh<01:19:20.960> there<01:19:21.199> was<01:19:21.760> the<01:19:22.000> task<01:19:22.960> of<01:19:23.199> detecting<01:19:23.840> these 01:19:24.229 --> 01:19:24.239 align:start position:0% uh there was the task of detecting these 01:19:24.239 --> 01:19:24.630 align:start position:0% uh there was the task of detecting these uh 01:19:24.630 --> 01:19:24.640 align:start position:0% uh 01:19:24.640 --> 01:19:28.310 align:start position:0% uh ditches<01:19:26.080> and<01:19:26.719> in<01:19:26.800> 1921<01:19:27.600> i<01:19:27.679> think 01:19:28.310 --> 01:19:28.320 align:start position:0% ditches and in 1921 i think 01:19:28.320 --> 01:19:30.870 align:start position:0% ditches and in 1921 i think in<01:19:28.640> 201<01:19:29.199> i<01:19:29.280> think<01:19:29.440> we<01:19:29.600> had<01:19:30.000> a<01:19:30.080> system<01:19:30.400> available 01:19:30.870 --> 01:19:30.880 align:start position:0% in 201 i think we had a system available 01:19:30.880 --> 01:19:32.630 align:start position:0% in 201 i think we had a system available which<01:19:31.040> was<01:19:31.280> 30<01:19:31.679> liters 01:19:32.630 --> 01:19:32.640 align:start position:0% which was 30 liters 01:19:32.640 --> 01:19:34.790 align:start position:0% which was 30 liters like<01:19:32.880> this<01:19:33.199> that<01:19:33.360> was<01:19:33.520> the<01:19:33.600> first<01:19:33.920> system 01:19:34.790 --> 01:19:34.800 align:start position:0% like this that was the first system 01:19:34.800 --> 01:19:36.630 align:start position:0% like this that was the first system capable<01:19:35.360> of<01:19:35.600> doing 01:19:36.630 --> 01:19:36.640 align:start position:0% capable of doing 01:19:36.640 --> 01:19:39.270 align:start position:0% capable of doing full<01:19:36.960> video<01:19:37.440> frame<01:19:37.920> full<01:19:38.239> video<01:19:38.640> raid<01:19:38.880> stereo 01:19:39.270 --> 01:19:39.280 align:start position:0% full video frame full video raid stereo 01:19:39.280 --> 01:19:41.270 align:start position:0% full video frame full video raid stereo interpretation 01:19:41.270 --> 01:19:41.280 align:start position:0% interpretation 01:19:41.280 --> 01:19:43.669 align:start position:0% interpretation like<01:19:41.520> this<01:19:41.920> so<01:19:42.080> we<01:19:42.239> did<01:19:42.480> some<01:19:43.199> developments 01:19:43.669 --> 01:19:43.679 align:start position:0% like this so we did some developments 01:19:43.679 --> 01:19:45.189 align:start position:0% like this so we did some developments over<01:19:43.920> here<01:19:44.080> and<01:19:44.159> we<01:19:44.320> showed<01:19:44.560> that<01:19:44.719> it<01:19:44.800> worked 01:19:45.189 --> 01:19:45.199 align:start position:0% over here and we showed that it worked 01:19:45.199 --> 01:19:45.430 align:start position:0% over here and we showed that it worked it 01:19:45.430 --> 01:19:45.440 align:start position:0% it 01:19:45.440 --> 01:19:48.870 align:start position:0% it also<01:19:45.679> worked<01:19:46.000> in<01:19:46.560> connection<01:19:47.040> with<01:19:47.280> the<01:19:48.159> ems 01:19:48.870 --> 01:19:48.880 align:start position:0% also worked in connection with the ems 01:19:48.880 --> 01:19:50.229 align:start position:0% also worked in connection with the ems vision<01:19:49.199> system 01:19:50.229 --> 01:19:50.239 align:start position:0% vision system 01:19:50.239 --> 01:19:52.550 align:start position:0% vision system and<01:19:50.400> then<01:19:50.880> they<01:19:51.040> said<01:19:51.280> yeah<01:19:51.520> well<01:19:52.159> maybe<01:19:52.400> we 01:19:52.550 --> 01:19:52.560 align:start position:0% and then they said yeah well maybe we 01:19:52.560 --> 01:19:54.070 align:start position:0% and then they said yeah well maybe we should<01:19:52.800> proceed<01:19:53.199> and<01:19:53.280> they<01:19:53.440> got<01:19:53.600> a<01:19:53.679> funding 01:19:54.070 --> 01:19:54.080 align:start position:0% should proceed and they got a funding 01:19:54.080 --> 01:19:54.790 align:start position:0% should proceed and they got a funding that 01:19:54.790 --> 01:19:54.800 align:start position:0% that 01:19:54.800 --> 01:19:57.510 align:start position:0% that the<01:19:54.960> system<01:19:55.280> was<01:19:55.679> developed<01:19:56.159> further<01:19:57.120> and<01:19:57.360> one 01:19:57.510 --> 01:19:57.520 align:start position:0% the system was developed further and one 01:19:57.520 --> 01:19:58.470 align:start position:0% the system was developed further and one or<01:19:57.679> two<01:19:57.840> years 01:19:58.470 --> 01:19:58.480 align:start position:0% or two years 01:19:58.480 --> 01:20:01.830 align:start position:0% or two years later<01:19:59.040> we<01:19:59.199> had<01:19:59.520> a<01:20:00.480> europe<01:20:00.880> card<01:20:01.199> sized 01:20:01.830 --> 01:20:01.840 align:start position:0% later we had a europe card sized 01:20:01.840 --> 01:20:05.510 align:start position:0% later we had a europe card sized 16<01:20:02.320> by<01:20:02.800> 10<01:20:03.120> centimeters 01:20:05.510 --> 01:20:05.520 align:start position:0% 16 by 10 centimeters 01:20:05.520 --> 01:20:08.550 align:start position:0% 16 by 10 centimeters electronic<01:20:06.080> card<01:20:06.480> which<01:20:06.719> you<01:20:07.679> like 01:20:08.550 --> 01:20:08.560 align:start position:0% electronic card which you like 01:20:08.560 --> 01:20:12.709 align:start position:0% electronic card which you like something<01:20:08.960> like<01:20:09.120> this<01:20:09.280> one<01:20:09.520> here 01:20:12.709 --> 01:20:12.719 align:start position:0% 01:20:12.719 --> 01:20:16.470 align:start position:0% which<01:20:12.960> you<01:20:13.120> put<01:20:13.360> into<01:20:15.280> into<01:20:15.600> the 01:20:16.470 --> 01:20:16.480 align:start position:0% which you put into into the 01:20:16.480 --> 01:20:19.990 align:start position:0% which you put into into the into<01:20:16.719> the<01:20:16.960> normal<01:20:17.280> pc<01:20:17.600> system<01:20:19.199> and 01:20:19.990 --> 01:20:20.000 align:start position:0% into the normal pc system and 01:20:20.000 --> 01:20:23.510 align:start position:0% into the normal pc system and we<01:20:20.159> could<01:20:20.400> show<01:20:21.120> that<01:20:21.280> we<01:20:21.440> could<01:20:21.679> do<01:20:22.320> full<01:20:22.800> 3d 01:20:23.510 --> 01:20:23.520 align:start position:0% we could show that we could do full 3d 01:20:23.520 --> 01:20:27.189 align:start position:0% we could show that we could do full 3d interpretation<01:20:24.320> and<01:20:24.719> detect<01:20:25.120> these<01:20:25.360> ditches 01:20:27.189 --> 01:20:27.199 align:start position:0% interpretation and detect these ditches 01:20:27.199 --> 01:20:30.310 align:start position:0% interpretation and detect these ditches with<01:20:27.440> something<01:20:28.239> just<01:20:29.440> put<01:20:29.679> into<01:20:30.000> one<01:20:30.159> of<01:20:30.239> the 01:20:30.310 --> 01:20:30.320 align:start position:0% with something just put into one of the 01:20:30.320 --> 01:20:32.709 align:start position:0% with something just put into one of the four<01:20:30.560> pcs<01:20:30.960> we<01:20:31.120> had<01:20:31.280> on<01:20:31.360> board<01:20:31.679> we<01:20:31.760> had<01:20:31.920> four<01:20:32.159> pcs 01:20:32.709 --> 01:20:32.719 align:start position:0% four pcs we had on board we had four pcs 01:20:32.719 --> 01:20:33.590 align:start position:0% four pcs we had on board we had four pcs with 01:20:33.590 --> 01:20:33.600 align:start position:0% with 01:20:33.600 --> 01:20:36.310 align:start position:0% with two<01:20:34.480> dual<01:20:34.800> processors<01:20:35.440> eight<01:20:35.679> processors<01:20:36.159> on 01:20:36.310 --> 01:20:36.320 align:start position:0% two dual processors eight processors on 01:20:36.320 --> 01:20:37.189 align:start position:0% two dual processors eight processors on board 01:20:37.189 --> 01:20:37.199 align:start position:0% board 01:20:37.199 --> 01:20:39.030 align:start position:0% board and<01:20:37.360> this<01:20:37.600> in<01:20:37.679> addition<01:20:38.159> this<01:20:38.320> unit<01:20:38.800> which 01:20:39.030 --> 01:20:39.040 align:start position:0% and this in addition this unit which 01:20:39.040 --> 01:20:40.470 align:start position:0% and this in addition this unit which they<01:20:39.199> had<01:20:39.520> was<01:20:39.840> somewhat<01:20:40.159> like 01:20:40.470 --> 01:20:40.480 align:start position:0% they had was somewhat like 01:20:40.480 --> 01:20:42.870 align:start position:0% they had was somewhat like 80<01:20:40.880> billion<01:20:41.360> operations<01:20:41.920> per<01:20:42.080> second<01:20:42.400> so<01:20:42.639> it's 01:20:42.870 --> 01:20:42.880 align:start position:0% 80 billion operations per second so it's 01:20:42.880 --> 01:20:43.669 align:start position:0% 80 billion operations per second so it's a 01:20:43.669 --> 01:20:43.679 align:start position:0% a 01:20:43.679 --> 01:20:46.709 align:start position:0% a tremendous<01:20:44.800> tremendously<01:20:45.360> powerful 01:20:46.709 --> 01:20:46.719 align:start position:0% tremendous tremendously powerful 01:20:46.719 --> 01:20:49.669 align:start position:0% tremendous tremendously powerful and<01:20:47.520> this<01:20:47.760> development<01:20:48.880> of<01:20:49.040> course<01:20:49.280> is<01:20:49.440> going 01:20:49.669 --> 01:20:49.679 align:start position:0% and this development of course is going 01:20:49.679 --> 01:20:50.550 align:start position:0% and this development of course is going on<01:20:50.000> and 01:20:50.550 --> 01:20:50.560 align:start position:0% on and 01:20:50.560 --> 01:20:53.350 align:start position:0% on and you<01:20:50.719> may<01:20:51.040> have<01:20:51.679> half<01:20:51.920> a<01:20:52.000> dozen<01:20:52.320> or<01:20:52.400> a<01:20:52.480> dozen<01:20:52.800> of 01:20:53.350 --> 01:20:53.360 align:start position:0% you may have half a dozen or a dozen of 01:20:53.360 --> 01:20:55.110 align:start position:0% you may have half a dozen or a dozen of this<01:20:53.600> or<01:20:53.760> similar<01:20:54.159> systems 01:20:55.110 --> 01:20:55.120 align:start position:0% this or similar systems 01:20:55.120 --> 01:20:59.430 align:start position:0% this or similar systems in<01:20:55.280> future<01:20:56.239> simple<01:20:57.679> conventional 01:20:59.430 --> 01:20:59.440 align:start position:0% in future simple conventional 01:20:59.440 --> 01:21:02.229 align:start position:0% in future simple conventional computers<01:21:00.560> i<01:21:00.719> recall<01:21:01.199> when<01:21:01.520> we<01:21:01.679> started<01:21:02.159> in 01:21:02.229 --> 01:21:02.239 align:start position:0% computers i recall when we started in 01:21:02.239 --> 01:21:02.950 align:start position:0% computers i recall when we started in the 01:21:02.950 --> 01:21:02.960 align:start position:0% the 01:21:02.960 --> 01:21:05.510 align:start position:0% the late<01:21:03.280> 80s<01:21:03.600> i<01:21:03.679> think<01:21:03.840> it<01:21:03.920> was<01:21:04.159> in<01:21:04.320> 90s<01:21:05.199> first 01:21:05.510 --> 01:21:05.520 align:start position:0% late 80s i think it was in 90s first 01:21:05.520 --> 01:21:07.030 align:start position:0% late 80s i think it was in 90s first internet<01:21:05.920> international<01:21:06.400> discussion<01:21:06.880> the 01:21:07.030 --> 01:21:07.040 align:start position:0% internet international discussion the 01:21:07.040 --> 01:21:08.149 align:start position:0% internet international discussion the goal<01:21:07.280> was 01:21:08.149 --> 01:21:08.159 align:start position:0% goal was 01:21:08.159 --> 01:21:12.070 align:start position:0% goal was one<01:21:08.400> coffee<01:21:08.800> pot<01:21:10.719> 2<01:21:10.880> liter<01:21:11.280> size 01:21:12.070 --> 01:21:12.080 align:start position:0% one coffee pot 2 liter size 01:21:12.080 --> 01:21:14.629 align:start position:0% one coffee pot 2 liter size for<01:21:12.320> the<01:21:12.480> entire<01:21:12.880> computer<01:21:13.280> system<01:21:14.159> on<01:21:14.400> board 01:21:14.629 --> 01:21:14.639 align:start position:0% for the entire computer system on board 01:21:14.639 --> 01:21:16.229 align:start position:0% for the entire computer system on board of<01:21:14.719> an<01:21:14.800> autonomous<01:21:15.280> vehicle<01:21:15.679> and<01:21:15.840> we<01:21:16.000> are 01:21:16.229 --> 01:21:16.239 align:start position:0% of an autonomous vehicle and we are 01:21:16.239 --> 01:21:19.750 align:start position:0% of an autonomous vehicle and we are pretty<01:21:16.480> close<01:21:16.719> to<01:21:16.800> that<01:21:18.960> what<01:21:19.199> influence<01:21:19.600> do 01:21:19.750 --> 01:21:19.760 align:start position:0% pretty close to that what influence do 01:21:19.760 --> 01:21:21.750 align:start position:0% pretty close to that what influence do you<01:21:19.840> think<01:21:20.080> that<01:21:20.239> the<01:21:20.480> darpa<01:21:20.880> challenges<01:21:21.520> had 01:21:21.750 --> 01:21:21.760 align:start position:0% you think that the darpa challenges had 01:21:21.760 --> 01:21:22.390 align:start position:0% you think that the darpa challenges had on 01:21:22.390 --> 01:21:22.400 align:start position:0% on 01:21:22.400 --> 01:21:25.669 align:start position:0% on uh<01:21:22.800> autonomous<01:21:23.440> driving<01:21:24.480> systems<01:21:25.199> and 01:21:25.669 --> 01:21:25.679 align:start position:0% uh autonomous driving systems and 01:21:25.679 --> 01:21:28.950 align:start position:0% uh autonomous driving systems and research<01:21:26.080> and<01:21:26.159> development<01:21:27.280> well<01:21:27.679> i'm 01:21:28.950 --> 01:21:28.960 align:start position:0% research and development well i'm 01:21:28.960 --> 01:21:30.709 align:start position:0% research and development well i'm sorry<01:21:29.199> to<01:21:29.360> say<01:21:29.600> but<01:21:29.840> i<01:21:29.920> don't<01:21:30.159> believe<01:21:30.560> in<01:21:30.639> the 01:21:30.709 --> 01:21:30.719 align:start position:0% sorry to say but i don't believe in the 01:21:30.719 --> 01:21:34.229 align:start position:0% sorry to say but i don't believe in the first<01:21:31.040> one<01:21:31.920> because 01:21:34.229 --> 01:21:34.239 align:start position:0% first one because 01:21:34.239 --> 01:21:37.590 align:start position:0% first one because this<01:21:34.560> was<01:21:35.920> just<01:21:36.719> vehicles 01:21:37.590 --> 01:21:37.600 align:start position:0% this was just vehicles 01:21:37.600 --> 01:21:40.950 align:start position:0% this was just vehicles pulled<01:21:38.080> through<01:21:38.320> the<01:21:38.480> desert<01:21:39.360> by<01:21:40.080> gps<01:21:40.719> weight 01:21:40.950 --> 01:21:40.960 align:start position:0% pulled through the desert by gps weight 01:21:40.960 --> 01:21:42.390 align:start position:0% pulled through the desert by gps weight points 01:21:42.390 --> 01:21:42.400 align:start position:0% points 01:21:42.400 --> 01:21:44.470 align:start position:0% points and<01:21:43.040> uh<01:21:43.520> they<01:21:43.679> didn't<01:21:43.920> have<01:21:44.000> to<01:21:44.159> look<01:21:44.320> for 01:21:44.470 --> 01:21:44.480 align:start position:0% and uh they didn't have to look for 01:21:44.480 --> 01:21:46.310 align:start position:0% and uh they didn't have to look for negative<01:21:44.880> obstacles 01:21:46.310 --> 01:21:46.320 align:start position:0% negative obstacles 01:21:46.320 --> 01:21:49.430 align:start position:0% negative obstacles all<01:21:46.560> they<01:21:46.719> had<01:21:46.880> to<01:21:47.040> do<01:21:47.360> is<01:21:48.639> drive<01:21:48.960> along<01:21:49.199> these 01:21:49.430 --> 01:21:49.440 align:start position:0% all they had to do is drive along these 01:21:49.440 --> 01:21:50.550 align:start position:0% all they had to do is drive along these gps<01:21:50.000> paths 01:21:50.550 --> 01:21:50.560 align:start position:0% gps paths 01:21:50.560 --> 01:21:52.629 align:start position:0% gps paths and<01:21:50.719> avoid<01:21:51.360> positive<01:21:51.760> obstacles<01:21:52.320> sticking 01:21:52.629 --> 01:21:52.639 align:start position:0% and avoid positive obstacles sticking 01:21:52.639 --> 01:21:54.870 align:start position:0% and avoid positive obstacles sticking out<01:21:52.800> of<01:21:52.880> the<01:21:53.040> world 01:21:54.870 --> 01:21:54.880 align:start position:0% out of the world 01:21:54.880 --> 01:21:59.030 align:start position:0% out of the world yeah<01:21:55.199> this<01:21:55.440> they<01:21:55.600> did<01:21:55.760> well<01:21:56.080> i<01:21:56.159> think<01:21:56.480> the<01:21:56.960> the 01:21:59.030 --> 01:21:59.040 align:start position:0% yeah this they did well i think the the 01:21:59.040 --> 01:22:01.270 align:start position:0% yeah this they did well i think the the uh<01:21:59.280> robustness<01:21:59.920> of<01:22:00.000> the<01:22:00.159> system<01:22:00.800> was<01:22:01.040> a<01:22:01.120> very 01:22:01.270 --> 01:22:01.280 align:start position:0% uh robustness of the system was a very 01:22:01.280 --> 01:22:02.310 align:start position:0% uh robustness of the system was a very good<01:22:01.440> demonstration 01:22:02.310 --> 01:22:02.320 align:start position:0% good demonstration 01:22:02.320 --> 01:22:04.550 align:start position:0% good demonstration but<01:22:02.560> with<01:22:02.800> respect<01:22:03.199> to<01:22:03.679> recognition<01:22:04.400> of<01:22:04.480> the 01:22:04.550 --> 01:22:04.560 align:start position:0% but with respect to recognition of the 01:22:04.560 --> 01:22:05.910 align:start position:0% but with respect to recognition of the world 01:22:05.910 --> 01:22:05.920 align:start position:0% world 01:22:05.920 --> 01:22:08.550 align:start position:0% world it<01:22:06.000> wasn't<01:22:06.320> too<01:22:06.480> much<01:22:07.040> and<01:22:07.760> the<01:22:08.080> second<01:22:08.400> one 01:22:08.550 --> 01:22:08.560 align:start position:0% it wasn't too much and the second one 01:22:08.560 --> 01:22:10.390 align:start position:0% it wasn't too much and the second one the<01:22:08.719> urban<01:22:09.120> challenge 01:22:10.390 --> 01:22:10.400 align:start position:0% the urban challenge 01:22:10.400 --> 01:22:13.910 align:start position:0% the urban challenge also<01:22:11.600> is<01:22:12.320> if<01:22:12.480> you<01:22:12.719> if<01:22:12.880> you<01:22:12.960> look<01:22:13.120> at<01:22:13.280> it<01:22:13.440> from<01:22:13.760> a 01:22:13.910 --> 01:22:13.920 align:start position:0% also is if you if you look at it from a 01:22:13.920 --> 01:22:16.070 align:start position:0% also is if you if you look at it from a perception<01:22:14.560> part<01:22:14.719> of<01:22:14.880> you 01:22:16.070 --> 01:22:16.080 align:start position:0% perception part of you 01:22:16.080 --> 01:22:20.149 align:start position:0% perception part of you it's<01:22:16.400> also<01:22:18.080> a<01:22:18.159> little<01:22:18.400> bit<01:22:18.560> more<01:22:18.719> complex<01:22:19.360> but 01:22:20.149 --> 01:22:20.159 align:start position:0% it's also a little bit more complex but 01:22:20.159 --> 01:22:23.669 align:start position:0% it's also a little bit more complex but not<01:22:20.320> the<01:22:20.480> real<01:22:20.800> task<01:22:21.840> because<01:22:23.040> the<01:22:23.199> entire 01:22:23.669 --> 01:22:23.679 align:start position:0% not the real task because the entire 01:22:23.679 --> 01:22:24.470 align:start position:0% not the real task because the entire information 01:22:24.470 --> 01:22:24.480 align:start position:0% information 01:22:24.480 --> 01:22:27.030 align:start position:0% information on<01:22:24.639> the<01:22:24.800> road<01:22:25.120> lane<01:22:25.360> markings<01:22:26.239> on<01:22:26.480> the<01:22:26.639> traffic 01:22:27.030 --> 01:22:27.040 align:start position:0% on the road lane markings on the traffic 01:22:27.040 --> 01:22:27.990 align:start position:0% on the road lane markings on the traffic signs<01:22:27.360> available 01:22:27.990 --> 01:22:28.000 align:start position:0% signs available 01:22:28.000 --> 01:22:31.430 align:start position:0% signs available on<01:22:28.159> crossings<01:22:29.760> where<01:22:30.080> to<01:22:30.320> go<01:22:30.639> how<01:22:30.880> to<01:22:31.120> move 01:22:31.430 --> 01:22:31.440 align:start position:0% on crossings where to go how to move 01:22:31.440 --> 01:22:33.350 align:start position:0% on crossings where to go how to move from<01:22:31.760> one<01:22:32.080> direction<01:22:32.639> into<01:22:32.800> another<01:22:33.199> on 01:22:33.350 --> 01:22:33.360 align:start position:0% from one direction into another on 01:22:33.360 --> 01:22:34.550 align:start position:0% from one direction into another on crossroads 01:22:34.550 --> 01:22:34.560 align:start position:0% crossroads 01:22:34.560 --> 01:22:38.470 align:start position:0% crossroads everything<01:22:35.040> was<01:22:36.639> stored<01:22:37.199> on<01:22:37.360> a<01:22:37.440> cd<01:22:37.920> which<01:22:38.080> was 01:22:38.470 --> 01:22:38.480 align:start position:0% everything was stored on a cd which was 01:22:38.480 --> 01:22:41.590 align:start position:0% everything was stored on a cd which was put<01:22:38.719> into<01:22:38.960> the<01:22:39.199> computer<01:22:39.920> and<01:22:40.560> in<01:22:40.719> one<01:22:40.960> of<01:22:41.040> the 01:22:41.590 --> 01:22:41.600 align:start position:0% put into the computer and in one of the 01:22:41.600 --> 01:22:44.950 align:start position:0% put into the computer and in one of the the<01:22:42.239> the<01:22:42.560> focus<01:22:42.960> areas<01:22:43.440> the<01:22:43.840> the<01:22:44.080> uh 01:22:44.950 --> 01:22:44.960 align:start position:0% the the focus areas the the uh 01:22:44.960 --> 01:22:47.510 align:start position:0% the the focus areas the the uh talk<01:22:45.520> what<01:22:45.679> is<01:22:45.840> it<01:22:46.480> uh<01:22:46.880> what<01:22:47.040> the<01:22:47.199> people 01:22:47.510 --> 01:22:47.520 align:start position:0% talk what is it uh what the people 01:22:47.520 --> 01:22:48.390 align:start position:0% talk what is it uh what the people exchange 01:22:48.390 --> 01:22:48.400 align:start position:0% exchange 01:22:48.400 --> 01:22:50.870 align:start position:0% exchange one<01:22:48.639> guy<01:22:48.960> asked<01:22:49.760> we<01:22:49.920> do<01:22:50.080> have<01:22:50.159> a<01:22:50.239> vision<01:22:50.560> system 01:22:50.870 --> 01:22:50.880 align:start position:0% one guy asked we do have a vision system 01:22:50.880 --> 01:22:52.950 align:start position:0% one guy asked we do have a vision system on<01:22:51.040> board 01:22:52.950 --> 01:22:52.960 align:start position:0% on board 01:22:52.960 --> 01:22:56.629 align:start position:0% on board and<01:22:53.600> if<01:22:53.840> i<01:22:54.239> notice<01:22:54.800> that<01:22:55.600> the 01:22:56.629 --> 01:22:56.639 align:start position:0% and if i notice that the 01:22:56.639 --> 01:22:58.310 align:start position:0% and if i notice that the lane<01:22:56.880> marking<01:22:57.280> is<01:22:57.440> different<01:22:57.760> from<01:22:58.000> the<01:22:58.080> one 01:22:58.310 --> 01:22:58.320 align:start position:0% lane marking is different from the one 01:22:58.320 --> 01:23:00.070 align:start position:0% lane marking is different from the one given<01:22:58.560> on<01:22:58.719> the 01:23:00.070 --> 01:23:00.080 align:start position:0% given on the 01:23:00.080 --> 01:23:03.189 align:start position:0% given on the cd<01:23:00.880> which<01:23:01.040> one<01:23:01.280> is<01:23:01.360> valid 01:23:03.189 --> 01:23:03.199 align:start position:0% cd which one is valid 01:23:03.199 --> 01:23:05.110 align:start position:0% cd which one is valid the<01:23:03.360> answer<01:23:03.760> unfortunately<01:23:04.400> was<01:23:04.639> the<01:23:04.800> one<01:23:04.960> on 01:23:05.110 --> 01:23:05.120 align:start position:0% the answer unfortunately was the one on 01:23:05.120 --> 01:23:06.550 align:start position:0% the answer unfortunately was the one on the<01:23:05.199> disc 01:23:06.550 --> 01:23:06.560 align:start position:0% the disc 01:23:06.560 --> 01:23:10.229 align:start position:0% the disc so<01:23:08.480> again<01:23:09.120> i<01:23:09.280> would<01:23:09.520> say 01:23:10.229 --> 01:23:10.239 align:start position:0% so again i would say 01:23:10.239 --> 01:23:13.510 align:start position:0% so again i would say with<01:23:10.480> respect<01:23:11.120> to<01:23:12.400> perceiving<01:23:13.120> traffic 01:23:13.510 --> 01:23:13.520 align:start position:0% with respect to perceiving traffic 01:23:13.520 --> 01:23:15.189 align:start position:0% with respect to perceiving traffic situations 01:23:15.189 --> 01:23:15.199 align:start position:0% situations 01:23:15.199 --> 01:23:18.229 align:start position:0% situations there's<01:23:15.520> not<01:23:15.840> so<01:23:16.239> much<01:23:16.480> progress 01:23:18.229 --> 01:23:18.239 align:start position:0% there's not so much progress 01:23:18.239 --> 01:23:21.350 align:start position:0% there's not so much progress good<01:23:18.480> progress<01:23:18.960> has<01:23:19.199> been<01:23:19.440> made<01:23:19.920> in<01:23:20.080> detecting 01:23:21.350 --> 01:23:21.360 align:start position:0% good progress has been made in detecting 01:23:21.360 --> 01:23:23.750 align:start position:0% good progress has been made in detecting obstacles<01:23:22.080> stitching<01:23:22.560> out<01:23:22.719> of<01:23:22.800> the<01:23:22.880> ground 01:23:23.750 --> 01:23:23.760 align:start position:0% obstacles stitching out of the ground 01:23:23.760 --> 01:23:24.709 align:start position:0% obstacles stitching out of the ground and 01:23:24.709 --> 01:23:24.719 align:start position:0% and 01:23:24.719 --> 01:23:27.110 align:start position:0% and adjusting<01:23:25.280> to<01:23:25.520> obstacles<01:23:26.239> and<01:23:26.480> also<01:23:26.800> to<01:23:27.040> a 01:23:27.110 --> 01:23:27.120 align:start position:0% adjusting to obstacles and also to a 01:23:27.120 --> 01:23:29.110 align:start position:0% adjusting to obstacles and also to a relatively<01:23:27.600> complex<01:23:28.080> situation 01:23:29.110 --> 01:23:29.120 align:start position:0% relatively complex situation 01:23:29.120 --> 01:23:32.709 align:start position:0% relatively complex situation at<01:23:29.440> crossings<01:23:30.719> but<01:23:30.960> also<01:23:31.360> with<01:23:31.679> vehicles<01:23:32.159> only 01:23:32.709 --> 01:23:32.719 align:start position:0% at crossings but also with vehicles only 01:23:32.719 --> 01:23:35.910 align:start position:0% at crossings but also with vehicles only and<01:23:33.360> again<01:23:33.920> the<01:23:34.159> paths<01:23:34.800> they<01:23:35.040> drove<01:23:35.679> were 01:23:35.910 --> 01:23:35.920 align:start position:0% and again the paths they drove were 01:23:35.920 --> 01:23:37.110 align:start position:0% and again the paths they drove were given<01:23:36.239> by<01:23:36.400> gps 01:23:37.110 --> 01:23:37.120 align:start position:0% given by gps 01:23:37.120 --> 01:23:40.229 align:start position:0% given by gps so<01:23:37.440> this<01:23:37.600> is<01:23:37.760> a<01:23:39.600> torn 01:23:40.229 --> 01:23:40.239 align:start position:0% so this is a torn 01:23:40.239 --> 01:23:45.430 align:start position:0% so this is a torn through<01:23:40.480> the<01:23:40.719> city<01:23:41.520> by<01:23:42.880> rather<01:23:43.280> strict 01:23:45.430 --> 01:23:45.440 align:start position:0% through the city by rather strict 01:23:45.440 --> 01:23:48.709 align:start position:0% through the city by rather strict predescribed<01:23:46.840> routes 01:23:48.709 --> 01:23:48.719 align:start position:0% predescribed routes 01:23:48.719 --> 01:23:50.950 align:start position:0% predescribed routes uh<01:23:49.199> it<01:23:49.280> was<01:23:49.520> impressive<01:23:50.239> how<01:23:50.400> they<01:23:50.560> could<01:23:50.719> do 01:23:50.950 --> 01:23:50.960 align:start position:0% uh it was impressive how they could do 01:23:50.960 --> 01:23:53.350 align:start position:0% uh it was impressive how they could do it 01:23:53.350 --> 01:23:53.360 align:start position:0% 01:23:53.360 --> 01:23:55.110 align:start position:0% but<01:23:53.840> there<01:23:54.000> were<01:23:54.159> some<01:23:54.320> cars<01:23:54.560> without<01:23:54.960> any 01:23:55.110 --> 01:23:55.120 align:start position:0% but there were some cars without any 01:23:55.120 --> 01:23:56.870 align:start position:0% but there were some cars without any vision<01:23:55.760> and<01:23:55.920> i<01:23:56.000> think<01:23:56.159> even<01:23:56.400> one 01:23:56.870 --> 01:23:56.880 align:start position:0% vision and i think even one 01:23:56.880 --> 01:24:00.709 align:start position:0% vision and i think even one did<01:23:57.120> finish<01:23:57.360> without<01:23:57.760> vision<01:23:58.960> so 01:24:00.709 --> 01:24:00.719 align:start position:0% did finish without vision so 01:24:00.719 --> 01:24:03.030 align:start position:0% did finish without vision so not<01:24:01.040> like<01:24:01.280> visual<01:24:01.600> perception<01:24:02.159> what<01:24:02.560> not<01:24:02.880> too 01:24:03.030 --> 01:24:03.040 align:start position:0% not like visual perception what not too 01:24:03.040 --> 01:24:04.790 align:start position:0% not like visual perception what not too much<01:24:03.280> of<01:24:03.520> like<01:24:03.679> visual<01:24:04.000> perception<01:24:04.480> what<01:24:04.639> has 01:24:04.790 --> 01:24:04.800 align:start position:0% much of like visual perception what has 01:24:04.800 --> 01:24:05.910 align:start position:0% much of like visual perception what has been<01:24:04.960> done<01:24:05.120> there 01:24:05.910 --> 01:24:05.920 align:start position:0% been done there 01:24:05.920 --> 01:24:07.510 align:start position:0% been done there yeah<01:24:06.480> do<01:24:06.639> you<01:24:06.719> think<01:24:06.880> it's<01:24:07.040> a<01:24:07.120> general 01:24:07.510 --> 01:24:07.520 align:start position:0% yeah do you think it's a general 01:24:07.520 --> 01:24:09.430 align:start position:0% yeah do you think it's a general strategy<01:24:08.000> having<01:24:08.320> these<01:24:08.480> big<01:24:08.719> competitions 01:24:09.430 --> 01:24:09.440 align:start position:0% strategy having these big competitions 01:24:09.440 --> 01:24:10.709 align:start position:0% strategy having these big competitions is<01:24:09.600> a<01:24:09.679> good<01:24:09.840> way<01:24:10.000> to<01:24:10.159> try<01:24:10.320> to 01:24:10.709 --> 01:24:10.719 align:start position:0% is a good way to try to 01:24:10.719 --> 01:24:13.430 align:start position:0% is a good way to try to well<01:24:11.040> no<01:24:11.199> no<01:24:12.000> no<01:24:12.320> you<01:24:12.480> have<01:24:12.560> to<01:24:12.639> look<01:24:12.880> at<01:24:13.040> the 01:24:13.430 --> 01:24:13.440 align:start position:0% well no no no you have to look at the 01:24:13.440 --> 01:24:14.950 align:start position:0% well no no no you have to look at the the<01:24:13.600> justification<01:24:14.480> and 01:24:14.950 --> 01:24:14.960 align:start position:0% the justification and 01:24:14.960 --> 01:24:18.310 align:start position:0% the justification and the<01:24:15.120> justification<01:24:15.920> was<01:24:16.560> if<01:24:16.800> we<01:24:16.960> have<01:24:17.120> to<01:24:17.360> do 01:24:18.310 --> 01:24:18.320 align:start position:0% the justification was if we have to do 01:24:18.320 --> 01:24:20.629 align:start position:0% the justification was if we have to do what<01:24:18.560> we<01:24:18.639> call<01:24:18.800> this<01:24:19.040> mission<01:24:19.360> support<01:24:20.320> in<01:24:20.480> an 01:24:20.629 --> 01:24:20.639 align:start position:0% what we call this mission support in an 01:24:20.639 --> 01:24:22.229 align:start position:0% what we call this mission support in an area<01:24:20.960> which<01:24:21.199> has<01:24:21.360> been 01:24:22.229 --> 01:24:22.239 align:start position:0% area which has been 01:24:22.239 --> 01:24:26.310 align:start position:0% area which has been um<01:24:24.960> not<01:24:25.120> covered<01:24:25.440> which<01:24:25.679> has<01:24:25.840> been 01:24:26.310 --> 01:24:26.320 align:start position:0% um not covered which has been 01:24:26.320 --> 01:24:30.390 align:start position:0% um not covered which has been um<01:24:27.520> where<01:24:28.080> the<01:24:28.239> army<01:24:28.840> has<01:24:29.600> a 01:24:30.390 --> 01:24:30.400 align:start position:0% um where the army has a 01:24:30.400 --> 01:24:33.030 align:start position:0% um where the army has a rule<01:24:30.800> over<01:24:30.960> the<01:24:31.120> terrain<01:24:31.600> where<01:24:32.000> they<01:24:32.639> know 01:24:33.030 --> 01:24:33.040 align:start position:0% rule over the terrain where they know 01:24:33.040 --> 01:24:34.629 align:start position:0% rule over the terrain where they know the<01:24:33.199> roads<01:24:33.520> are<01:24:33.679> good 01:24:34.629 --> 01:24:34.639 align:start position:0% the roads are good 01:24:34.639 --> 01:24:37.669 align:start position:0% the roads are good and<01:24:34.880> you<01:24:35.040> want<01:24:35.280> to<01:24:35.440> move<01:24:36.080> um<01:24:36.800> support<01:24:37.440> what<01:24:37.600> is 01:24:37.669 --> 01:24:37.679 align:start position:0% and you want to move um support what is 01:24:37.679 --> 01:24:38.950 align:start position:0% and you want to move um support what is the<01:24:37.760> maintenance<01:24:38.400> stuff 01:24:38.950 --> 01:24:38.960 align:start position:0% the maintenance stuff 01:24:38.960 --> 01:24:41.750 align:start position:0% the maintenance stuff from<01:24:39.199> one<01:24:39.679> location<01:24:40.080> to<01:24:40.239> the<01:24:40.320> next<01:24:41.199> and<01:24:41.520> this 01:24:41.750 --> 01:24:41.760 align:start position:0% from one location to the next and this 01:24:41.760 --> 01:24:42.870 align:start position:0% from one location to the next and this is<01:24:41.920> the<01:24:42.080> type<01:24:42.400> of 01:24:42.870 --> 01:24:42.880 align:start position:0% is the type of 01:24:42.880 --> 01:24:44.709 align:start position:0% is the type of of<01:24:43.199> tasks<01:24:43.520> which<01:24:43.760> could<01:24:43.920> be<01:24:44.080> shown<01:24:44.400> that<01:24:44.560> can 01:24:44.709 --> 01:24:44.719 align:start position:0% of tasks which could be shown that can 01:24:44.719 --> 01:24:46.470 align:start position:0% of tasks which could be shown that can be<01:24:44.880> done<01:24:45.600> because 01:24:46.470 --> 01:24:46.480 align:start position:0% be done because 01:24:46.480 --> 01:24:47.910 align:start position:0% be done because then<01:24:46.639> you<01:24:46.800> know<01:24:47.120> that<01:24:47.280> there<01:24:47.520> are<01:24:47.679> no 01:24:47.910 --> 01:24:47.920 align:start position:0% then you know that there are no 01:24:47.920 --> 01:24:49.830 align:start position:0% then you know that there are no obstacles<01:24:48.400> no<01:24:48.560> negative<01:24:48.880> obstacles<01:24:49.520> and<01:24:49.679> you 01:24:49.830 --> 01:24:49.840 align:start position:0% obstacles no negative obstacles and you 01:24:49.840 --> 01:24:50.229 align:start position:0% obstacles no negative obstacles and you need 01:24:50.229 --> 01:24:50.239 align:start position:0% need 01:24:50.239 --> 01:24:53.590 align:start position:0% need a<01:24:50.960> relatively<01:24:51.600> small<01:24:52.400> perceptual<01:24:52.960> capability 01:24:53.590 --> 01:24:53.600 align:start position:0% a relatively small perceptual capability 01:24:53.600 --> 01:24:55.110 align:start position:0% a relatively small perceptual capability for<01:24:53.760> this<01:24:54.000> it<01:24:54.080> was<01:24:54.320> good 01:24:55.110 --> 01:24:55.120 align:start position:0% for this it was good 01:24:55.120 --> 01:24:57.430 align:start position:0% for this it was good but<01:24:55.920> if<01:24:56.080> you<01:24:56.159> look<01:24:56.320> at<01:24:56.400> the<01:24:56.639> general<01:24:57.040> task<01:24:57.360> of 01:24:57.430 --> 01:24:57.440 align:start position:0% but if you look at the general task of 01:24:57.440 --> 01:24:58.310 align:start position:0% but if you look at the general task of perceiving 01:24:58.310 --> 01:24:58.320 align:start position:0% perceiving 01:24:58.320 --> 01:25:01.990 align:start position:0% perceiving a<01:24:59.120> 3d<01:24:59.600> world<01:25:01.199> there's<01:25:01.520> quite<01:25:01.760> a 01:25:01.990 --> 01:25:02.000 align:start position:0% a 3d world there's quite a 01:25:02.000 --> 01:25:05.350 align:start position:0% a 3d world there's quite a quite<01:25:02.239> a<01:25:02.320> way<01:25:02.560> left<01:25:02.800> to<01:25:02.880> go<01:25:04.960> there's<01:25:05.199> some 01:25:05.350 --> 01:25:05.360 align:start position:0% quite a way left to go there's some 01:25:05.360 --> 01:25:06.550 align:start position:0% quite a way left to go there's some progress 01:25:06.550 --> 01:25:06.560 align:start position:0% progress 01:25:06.560 --> 01:25:09.830 align:start position:0% progress but<01:25:07.280> it's<01:25:07.520> not<01:25:08.159> the<01:25:08.480> general<01:25:08.880> task<01:25:09.360> which<01:25:09.679> we 01:25:09.830 --> 01:25:09.840 align:start position:0% but it's not the general task which we 01:25:09.840 --> 01:25:12.310 align:start position:0% but it's not the general task which we would<01:25:10.000> like<01:25:10.159> to<01:25:10.840> solve 01:25:12.310 --> 01:25:12.320 align:start position:0% would like to solve 01:25:12.320 --> 01:25:13.590 align:start position:0% would like to solve what<01:25:12.560> were<01:25:12.639> some<01:25:12.800> of<01:25:12.880> the<01:25:13.040> other<01:25:13.199> major 01:25:13.590 --> 01:25:13.600 align:start position:0% what were some of the other major 01:25:13.600 --> 01:25:16.310 align:start position:0% what were some of the other major breakthroughs<01:25:14.320> in<01:25:14.400> the<01:25:14.560> last<01:25:15.280> 20<01:25:15.600> or<01:25:15.679> 30<01:25:16.000> years 01:25:16.310 --> 01:25:16.320 align:start position:0% breakthroughs in the last 20 or 30 years 01:25:16.320 --> 01:25:18.390 align:start position:0% breakthroughs in the last 20 or 30 years of<01:25:16.400> robotics<01:25:17.120> that<01:25:17.280> you<01:25:17.440> think<01:25:17.679> are<01:25:17.760> really 01:25:18.390 --> 01:25:18.400 align:start position:0% of robotics that you think are really 01:25:18.400 --> 01:25:22.550 align:start position:0% of robotics that you think are really influential<01:25:20.719> well<01:25:20.960> with<01:25:21.120> respect<01:25:21.520> to 01:25:22.550 --> 01:25:22.560 align:start position:0% influential well with respect to 01:25:22.560 --> 01:25:25.510 align:start position:0% influential well with respect to what<01:25:22.800> you<01:25:22.880> can<01:25:23.040> do<01:25:23.199> with<01:25:23.760> human-like<01:25:24.560> or<01:25:24.880> say 01:25:25.510 --> 01:25:25.520 align:start position:0% what you can do with human-like or say 01:25:25.520 --> 01:25:27.350 align:start position:0% what you can do with human-like or say articulated<01:25:26.239> bodies 01:25:27.350 --> 01:25:27.360 align:start position:0% articulated bodies 01:25:27.360 --> 01:25:30.629 align:start position:0% articulated bodies i<01:25:27.679> very<01:25:27.840> much<01:25:28.000> admire<01:25:28.480> the<01:25:28.639> work<01:25:28.960> of 01:25:30.629 --> 01:25:30.639 align:start position:0% i very much admire the work of 01:25:30.639 --> 01:25:35.510 align:start position:0% i very much admire the work of herzinga<01:25:31.280> here<01:25:31.440> in<01:25:31.600> germany<01:25:32.480> and<01:25:33.040> also<01:25:33.440> in 01:25:35.510 --> 01:25:35.520 align:start position:0% herzinga here in germany and also in 01:25:35.520 --> 01:25:38.870 align:start position:0% herzinga here in germany and also in what<01:25:35.760> is<01:25:35.840> it<01:25:35.920> near<01:25:36.159> salt<01:25:36.400> lake<01:25:36.639> city 01:25:38.870 --> 01:25:38.880 align:start position:0% what is it near salt lake city 01:25:38.880 --> 01:25:41.669 align:start position:0% what is it near salt lake city there's<01:25:39.120> another<01:25:39.840> us<01:25:40.320> institution<01:25:41.199> they<01:25:41.440> also 01:25:41.669 --> 01:25:41.679 align:start position:0% there's another us institution they also 01:25:41.679 --> 01:25:42.550 align:start position:0% there's another us institution they also did<01:25:41.920> some<01:25:42.159> very 01:25:42.550 --> 01:25:42.560 align:start position:0% did some very 01:25:42.560 --> 01:25:47.510 align:start position:0% did some very very<01:25:42.719> nice<01:25:43.280> developments<01:25:44.880> uh<01:25:45.360> this<01:25:45.600> was 01:25:47.510 --> 01:25:47.520 align:start position:0% very nice developments uh this was 01:25:47.520 --> 01:25:56.550 align:start position:0% very nice developments uh this was yeah<01:25:47.679> this<01:25:47.920> was<01:25:48.239> uh<01:25:48.880> really<01:25:49.120> good<01:25:50.239> what<01:25:52.840> else 01:25:56.550 --> 01:25:56.560 align:start position:0% 01:25:56.560 --> 01:26:00.070 align:start position:0% impressing<01:25:57.199> the<01:25:57.360> most<01:25:57.679> impressing<01:25:58.239> to<01:25:58.400> me<01:25:59.440> was 01:26:00.070 --> 01:26:00.080 align:start position:0% impressing the most impressing to me was 01:26:00.080 --> 01:26:02.790 align:start position:0% impressing the most impressing to me was these<01:26:00.320> small<01:26:00.639> vehicles<01:26:01.120> on<01:26:01.280> mars<01:26:02.239> this<01:26:02.560> is 01:26:02.790 --> 01:26:02.800 align:start position:0% these small vehicles on mars this is 01:26:02.800 --> 01:26:04.550 align:start position:0% these small vehicles on mars this is really<01:26:03.199> something 01:26:04.550 --> 01:26:04.560 align:start position:0% really something 01:26:04.560 --> 01:26:07.990 align:start position:0% really something where<01:26:06.320> i<01:26:07.040> have<01:26:07.280> the<01:26:07.440> feeling 01:26:07.990 --> 01:26:08.000 align:start position:0% where i have the feeling 01:26:08.000 --> 01:26:11.110 align:start position:0% where i have the feeling that<01:26:09.920> things 01:26:11.110 --> 01:26:11.120 align:start position:0% that things 01:26:11.120 --> 01:26:15.669 align:start position:0% that things are<01:26:11.360> able<01:26:11.840> to<01:26:12.000> perform<01:26:13.120> much<01:26:13.520> better<01:26:14.000> than 01:26:15.669 --> 01:26:15.679 align:start position:0% are able to perform much better than 01:26:15.679 --> 01:26:18.950 align:start position:0% are able to perform much better than engineers<01:26:16.719> they're<01:26:17.199> saying<01:26:18.560> so<01:26:18.719> they 01:26:18.950 --> 01:26:18.960 align:start position:0% engineers they're saying so they 01:26:18.960 --> 01:26:21.110 align:start position:0% engineers they're saying so they predicted<01:26:19.600> the<01:26:19.760> lifetime<01:26:20.239> of<01:26:20.320> what<01:26:20.639> six<01:26:20.880> weeks 01:26:21.110 --> 01:26:21.120 align:start position:0% predicted the lifetime of what six weeks 01:26:21.120 --> 01:26:22.790 align:start position:0% predicted the lifetime of what six weeks or<01:26:21.280> something<01:26:21.520> like<01:26:21.760> this<01:26:21.920> and<01:26:22.080> it<01:26:22.239> worked<01:26:22.480> for 01:26:22.790 --> 01:26:22.800 align:start position:0% or something like this and it worked for 01:26:22.800 --> 01:26:25.189 align:start position:0% or something like this and it worked for four<01:26:23.040> years<01:26:23.280> or<01:26:23.440> five<01:26:23.679> years<01:26:24.400> it<01:26:24.560> traveled<01:26:25.120> i 01:26:25.189 --> 01:26:25.199 align:start position:0% four years or five years it traveled i 01:26:25.199 --> 01:26:26.390 align:start position:0% four years or five years it traveled i don't<01:26:25.360> know<01:26:25.520> how<01:26:25.600> many 01:26:26.390 --> 01:26:26.400 align:start position:0% don't know how many 01:26:26.400 --> 01:26:29.189 align:start position:0% don't know how many kilometers<01:26:27.280> and<01:26:27.920> it's<01:26:28.239> really<01:26:28.480> amazing<01:26:28.960> what 01:26:29.189 --> 01:26:29.199 align:start position:0% kilometers and it's really amazing what 01:26:29.199 --> 01:26:30.550 align:start position:0% kilometers and it's really amazing what has<01:26:29.280> been<01:26:29.440> achieved<01:26:29.760> there 01:26:30.550 --> 01:26:30.560 align:start position:0% has been achieved there 01:26:30.560 --> 01:26:35.430 align:start position:0% has been achieved there so<01:26:30.719> that's<01:26:31.040> that's<01:26:32.000> really<01:26:32.320> very<01:26:32.639> impressive 01:26:35.430 --> 01:26:35.440 align:start position:0% 01:26:35.440 --> 01:26:37.430 align:start position:0% and<01:26:35.600> i'm<01:26:35.760> not<01:26:35.920> so<01:26:36.080> aware<01:26:36.480> of<01:26:36.560> what's<01:26:36.800> going<01:26:37.040> on 01:26:37.430 --> 01:26:37.440 align:start position:0% and i'm not so aware of what's going on 01:26:37.440 --> 01:26:38.870 align:start position:0% and i'm not so aware of what's going on in<01:26:37.840> um 01:26:38.870 --> 01:26:38.880 align:start position:0% in um 01:26:38.880 --> 01:26:41.510 align:start position:0% in um say<01:26:39.199> outer<01:26:39.440> space<01:26:40.239> with<01:26:40.400> the<01:26:40.560> suns<01:26:41.040> which<01:26:41.280> are 01:26:41.510 --> 01:26:41.520 align:start position:0% say outer space with the suns which are 01:26:41.520 --> 01:26:43.030 align:start position:0% say outer space with the suns which are sent<01:26:41.840> to<01:26:42.080> other 01:26:43.030 --> 01:26:43.040 align:start position:0% sent to other 01:26:43.040 --> 01:26:46.310 align:start position:0% sent to other planets<01:26:44.000> that<01:26:44.159> may<01:26:44.320> be<01:26:44.639> maybe<01:26:44.960> similar<01:26:45.280> things 01:26:46.310 --> 01:26:46.320 align:start position:0% planets that may be maybe similar things 01:26:46.320 --> 01:26:49.110 align:start position:0% planets that may be maybe similar things but<01:26:46.480> this<01:26:46.719> one<01:26:46.960> here<01:26:47.280> is<01:26:47.760> is<01:26:48.000> really<01:26:48.800> yeah<01:26:49.040> i 01:26:49.110 --> 01:26:49.120 align:start position:0% but this one here is is really yeah i 01:26:49.120 --> 01:26:50.790 align:start position:0% but this one here is is really yeah i think<01:26:49.360> to<01:26:49.520> me<01:26:49.679> this<01:26:49.920> is<01:26:50.000> the<01:26:50.159> most<01:26:50.400> impressive 01:26:50.790 --> 01:26:50.800 align:start position:0% think to me this is the most impressive 01:26:50.800 --> 01:26:52.870 align:start position:0% think to me this is the most impressive one 01:26:52.870 --> 01:26:52.880 align:start position:0% one 01:26:52.880 --> 01:26:56.790 align:start position:0% one that's<01:26:53.199> great<01:26:55.280> um 01:26:56.790 --> 01:26:56.800 align:start position:0% that's great um 01:26:56.800 --> 01:26:58.390 align:start position:0% that's great um what<01:26:57.040> else<01:26:57.199> would<01:26:57.360> you<01:26:57.440> like<01:26:57.600> to<01:26:57.760> add<01:26:58.159> any 01:26:58.390 --> 01:26:58.400 align:start position:0% what else would you like to add any 01:26:58.400 --> 01:27:01.350 align:start position:0% what else would you like to add any other<01:26:59.040> thoughts<01:26:59.440> reflections<01:27:00.159> on 01:27:01.350 --> 01:27:01.360 align:start position:0% other thoughts reflections on 01:27:01.360 --> 01:27:03.110 align:start position:0% other thoughts reflections on robotics<01:27:02.000> and<01:27:02.080> where<01:27:02.320> it's<01:27:02.480> going<01:27:02.719> where<01:27:02.960> it's 01:27:03.110 --> 01:27:03.120 align:start position:0% robotics and where it's going where it's 01:27:03.120 --> 01:27:05.510 align:start position:0% robotics and where it's going where it's been 01:27:05.510 --> 01:27:05.520 align:start position:0% been 01:27:05.520 --> 01:27:08.310 align:start position:0% been well<01:27:05.760> i<01:27:05.840> think<01:27:06.080> the<01:27:06.239> main<01:27:06.560> part<01:27:06.880> is<01:27:07.280> that<01:27:08.000> one 01:27:08.310 --> 01:27:08.320 align:start position:0% well i think the main part is that one 01:27:08.320 --> 01:27:09.750 align:start position:0% well i think the main part is that one should 01:27:09.750 --> 01:27:09.760 align:start position:0% should 01:27:09.760 --> 01:27:12.229 align:start position:0% should try<01:27:10.400> to<01:27:10.639> get<01:27:10.800> a<01:27:10.880> better<01:27:11.199> understanding<01:27:12.000> of 01:27:12.229 --> 01:27:12.239 align:start position:0% try to get a better understanding of 01:27:12.239 --> 01:27:15.270 align:start position:0% try to get a better understanding of robotics<01:27:12.960> that<01:27:13.199> it's<01:27:13.360> not<01:27:13.679> going<01:27:14.000> to<01:27:14.239> be 01:27:15.270 --> 01:27:15.280 align:start position:0% robotics that it's not going to be 01:27:15.280 --> 01:27:18.790 align:start position:0% robotics that it's not going to be competitive<01:27:16.800> with<01:27:17.679> life<01:27:18.000> development 01:27:18.790 --> 01:27:18.800 align:start position:0% competitive with life development 01:27:18.800 --> 01:27:20.790 align:start position:0% competitive with life development that<01:27:18.960> it's<01:27:19.199> going<01:27:19.360> to<01:27:19.600> abolish<01:27:20.080> life<01:27:20.480> after 01:27:20.790 --> 01:27:20.800 align:start position:0% that it's going to abolish life after 01:27:20.800 --> 01:27:21.830 align:start position:0% that it's going to abolish life after some<01:27:21.040> time 01:27:21.830 --> 01:27:21.840 align:start position:0% some time 01:27:21.840 --> 01:27:23.669 align:start position:0% some time as<01:27:22.080> you<01:27:22.159> can<01:27:22.400> see<01:27:22.639> in<01:27:22.800> some<01:27:23.040> of<01:27:23.120> the<01:27:23.280> science 01:27:23.669 --> 01:27:23.679 align:start position:0% as you can see in some of the science 01:27:23.679 --> 01:27:25.110 align:start position:0% as you can see in some of the science fictions 01:27:25.110 --> 01:27:25.120 align:start position:0% fictions 01:27:25.120 --> 01:27:27.990 align:start position:0% fictions one<01:27:25.360> should<01:27:25.600> really<01:27:26.800> try<01:27:27.120> to<01:27:27.280> promote<01:27:27.760> the 01:27:27.990 --> 01:27:28.000 align:start position:0% one should really try to promote the 01:27:28.000 --> 01:27:29.189 align:start position:0% one should really try to promote the idea 01:27:29.189 --> 01:27:29.199 align:start position:0% idea 01:27:29.199 --> 01:27:31.510 align:start position:0% idea that<01:27:29.600> the<01:27:29.760> cooperation<01:27:30.560> between<01:27:30.960> technical 01:27:31.510 --> 01:27:31.520 align:start position:0% that the cooperation between technical 01:27:31.520 --> 01:27:32.229 align:start position:0% that the cooperation between technical systems 01:27:32.229 --> 01:27:32.239 align:start position:0% systems 01:27:32.239 --> 01:27:35.270 align:start position:0% systems and<01:27:32.639> biological<01:27:33.360> systems<01:27:34.880> is 01:27:35.270 --> 01:27:35.280 align:start position:0% and biological systems is 01:27:35.280 --> 01:27:37.430 align:start position:0% and biological systems is what<01:27:35.520> we<01:27:35.679> are<01:27:35.760> looking<01:27:36.080> for<01:27:36.560> and<01:27:36.719> that<01:27:37.040> life 01:27:37.430 --> 01:27:37.440 align:start position:0% what we are looking for and that life 01:27:37.440 --> 01:27:39.110 align:start position:0% what we are looking for and that life also<01:27:37.840> for 01:27:39.110 --> 01:27:39.120 align:start position:0% also for 01:27:39.120 --> 01:27:41.750 align:start position:0% also for humans<01:27:39.600> and<01:27:39.760> other<01:27:40.239> biological<01:27:40.880> systems<01:27:41.520> may 01:27:41.750 --> 01:27:41.760 align:start position:0% humans and other biological systems may 01:27:41.760 --> 01:27:43.669 align:start position:0% humans and other biological systems may be<01:27:42.000> improved<01:27:42.480> quite<01:27:42.719> a<01:27:42.800> bit 01:27:43.669 --> 01:27:43.679 align:start position:0% be improved quite a bit 01:27:43.679 --> 01:27:47.750 align:start position:0% be improved quite a bit if<01:27:43.840> we<01:27:44.000> do<01:27:44.239> the<01:27:44.840> proper<01:27:46.400> application<01:27:47.280> of<01:27:47.520> these 01:27:47.750 --> 01:27:47.760 align:start position:0% if we do the proper application of these 01:27:47.760 --> 01:27:49.030 align:start position:0% if we do the proper application of these technologies 01:27:49.030 --> 01:27:49.040 align:start position:0% technologies 01:27:49.040 --> 01:27:52.390 align:start position:0% technologies so<01:27:50.800> there's<01:27:51.040> quite<01:27:51.199> a<01:27:51.280> bit<01:27:51.520> that<01:27:51.679> can<01:27:51.840> be<01:27:52.000> done 01:27:52.390 --> 01:27:52.400 align:start position:0% so there's quite a bit that can be done 01:27:52.400 --> 01:27:56.709 align:start position:0% so there's quite a bit that can be done in<01:27:53.120> household<01:27:53.760> care<01:27:54.400> in<01:27:55.040> other<01:27:55.280> people<01:27:55.679> care 01:27:56.709 --> 01:27:56.719 align:start position:0% in household care in other people care 01:27:56.719 --> 01:27:58.390 align:start position:0% in household care in other people care and<01:27:56.880> developments<01:27:57.520> are<01:27:57.760> going<01:27:58.000> on<01:27:58.159> in<01:27:58.239> this 01:27:58.390 --> 01:27:58.400 align:start position:0% and developments are going on in this 01:27:58.400 --> 01:28:00.070 align:start position:0% and developments are going on in this direction<01:27:58.800> maybe<01:27:59.040> i<01:27:59.120> should<01:27:59.360> add<01:27:59.520> that<01:27:59.760> also 01:28:00.070 --> 01:28:00.080 align:start position:0% direction maybe i should add that also 01:28:00.080 --> 01:28:01.910 align:start position:0% direction maybe i should add that also what<01:28:00.239> would<01:28:00.480> impressed<01:28:00.800> me<01:28:00.880> well<01:28:01.520> quite<01:28:01.679> a<01:28:01.760> bit 01:28:01.910 --> 01:28:01.920 align:start position:0% what would impressed me well quite a bit 01:28:01.920 --> 01:28:04.149 align:start position:0% what would impressed me well quite a bit was<01:28:02.800> the<01:28:02.960> work<01:28:03.199> which<01:28:03.440> has<01:28:03.520> been<01:28:03.679> done<01:28:03.920> in<01:28:04.000> your 01:28:04.149 --> 01:28:04.159 align:start position:0% was the work which has been done in your 01:28:04.159 --> 01:28:05.030 align:start position:0% was the work which has been done in your country 01:28:05.030 --> 01:28:05.040 align:start position:0% country 01:28:05.040 --> 01:28:09.590 align:start position:0% country with<01:28:05.280> respect<01:28:05.679> to<01:28:06.960> support<01:28:07.600> in<01:28:08.000> hospitals 01:28:09.590 --> 01:28:09.600 align:start position:0% with respect to support in hospitals 01:28:09.600 --> 01:28:13.270 align:start position:0% with respect to support in hospitals by<01:28:09.760> robots<01:28:10.800> so<01:28:12.320> but<01:28:12.480> then 01:28:13.270 --> 01:28:13.280 align:start position:0% by robots so but then 01:28:13.280 --> 01:28:15.430 align:start position:0% by robots so but then you<01:28:13.440> see<01:28:13.920> there<01:28:14.080> are<01:28:14.239> always<01:28:14.719> some<01:28:15.199> some 01:28:15.430 --> 01:28:15.440 align:start position:0% you see there are always some some 01:28:15.440 --> 01:28:16.629 align:start position:0% you see there are always some some individuals<01:28:16.239> that 01:28:16.629 --> 01:28:16.639 align:start position:0% individuals that 01:28:16.639 --> 01:28:19.990 align:start position:0% individuals that try<01:28:17.040> to<01:28:18.239> fool<01:28:18.480> the<01:28:18.639> system<01:28:19.600> i<01:28:19.679> don't<01:28:19.840> know 01:28:19.990 --> 01:28:20.000 align:start position:0% try to fool the system i don't know 01:28:20.000 --> 01:28:21.350 align:start position:0% try to fool the system i don't know whether<01:28:20.239> you 01:28:21.350 --> 01:28:21.360 align:start position:0% whether you 01:28:21.360 --> 01:28:25.990 align:start position:0% whether you have<01:28:21.600> learned<01:28:21.920> about<01:28:22.239> that<01:28:22.719> these<01:28:23.040> marks<01:28:23.600> for 01:28:25.990 --> 01:28:26.000 align:start position:0% 01:28:26.000 --> 01:28:28.149 align:start position:0% electronic<01:28:26.560> positioning<01:28:27.120> have<01:28:27.360> been<01:28:27.520> removed 01:28:28.149 --> 01:28:28.159 align:start position:0% electronic positioning have been removed 01:28:28.159 --> 01:28:29.189 align:start position:0% electronic positioning have been removed and<01:28:28.560> one<01:28:28.800> of<01:28:28.880> the 01:28:29.189 --> 01:28:29.199 align:start position:0% and one of the 01:28:29.199 --> 01:28:32.310 align:start position:0% and one of the the<01:28:29.360> robots<01:28:30.000> toppled<01:28:30.400> down<01:28:30.719> the<01:28:31.040> staircase 01:28:32.310 --> 01:28:32.320 align:start position:0% the robots toppled down the staircase 01:28:32.320 --> 01:28:34.629 align:start position:0% the robots toppled down the staircase and<01:28:32.480> things<01:28:32.719> like<01:28:32.960> this<01:28:33.520> so<01:28:33.760> it's<01:28:34.159> it's 01:28:34.629 --> 01:28:34.639 align:start position:0% and things like this so it's it's 01:28:34.639 --> 01:28:35.510 align:start position:0% and things like this so it's it's amazing<01:28:35.120> but 01:28:35.510 --> 01:28:35.520 align:start position:0% amazing but 01:28:35.520 --> 01:28:39.270 align:start position:0% amazing but uh<01:28:36.880> um<01:28:38.080> apparently<01:28:38.560> this<01:28:38.800> is<01:28:38.880> part<01:28:39.120> of<01:28:39.199> the 01:28:39.270 --> 01:28:39.280 align:start position:0% uh um apparently this is part of the 01:28:39.280 --> 01:28:40.310 align:start position:0% uh um apparently this is part of the nature<01:28:39.600> of<01:28:39.760> humans 01:28:40.310 --> 01:28:40.320 align:start position:0% nature of humans 01:28:40.320 --> 01:28:43.189 align:start position:0% nature of humans of<01:28:40.480> some<01:28:40.719> humans<01:28:41.440> humans<01:28:42.400> that<01:28:42.880> they<01:28:43.040> would 01:28:43.189 --> 01:28:43.199 align:start position:0% of some humans humans that they would 01:28:43.199 --> 01:28:44.390 align:start position:0% of some humans humans that they would like<01:28:43.520> to 01:28:44.390 --> 01:28:44.400 align:start position:0% like to 01:28:44.400 --> 01:28:46.709 align:start position:0% like to to<01:28:44.639> show<01:28:44.880> that<01:28:45.120> they<01:28:45.280> can<01:28:45.520> fool<01:28:45.840> systems 01:28:46.709 --> 01:28:46.719 align:start position:0% to show that they can fool systems 01:28:46.719 --> 01:28:49.590 align:start position:0% to show that they can fool systems biological<01:28:47.280> ones<01:28:47.600> and<01:28:47.840> technical<01:28:48.320> ones 01:28:49.590 --> 01:28:49.600 align:start position:0% biological ones and technical ones 01:28:49.600 --> 01:28:51.350 align:start position:0% biological ones and technical ones and<01:28:49.840> as<01:28:50.080> long<01:28:50.239> as<01:28:50.480> you<01:28:50.639> have<01:28:50.800> to<01:28:50.960> deal<01:28:51.199> with 01:28:51.350 --> 01:28:51.360 align:start position:0% and as long as you have to deal with 01:28:51.360 --> 01:28:52.950 align:start position:0% and as long as you have to deal with these<01:28:51.600> system<01:28:51.920> vandalism<01:28:52.560> i<01:28:52.639> think<01:28:52.800> it's 01:28:52.950 --> 01:28:52.960 align:start position:0% these system vandalism i think it's 01:28:52.960 --> 01:28:54.310 align:start position:0% these system vandalism i think it's called 01:28:54.310 --> 01:28:54.320 align:start position:0% called 01:28:54.320 --> 01:28:57.350 align:start position:0% called and<01:28:54.880> you<01:28:55.040> always<01:28:55.360> have<01:28:55.520> to<01:28:55.600> be<01:28:56.480> aware<01:28:56.960> that 01:28:57.350 --> 01:28:57.360 align:start position:0% and you always have to be aware that 01:28:57.360 --> 01:28:59.669 align:start position:0% and you always have to be aware that those<01:28:57.679> people<01:28:58.320> tending<01:28:58.639> to<01:28:58.800> vandalism<01:28:59.440> will 01:28:59.669 --> 01:28:59.679 align:start position:0% those people tending to vandalism will 01:28:59.679 --> 01:29:00.870 align:start position:0% those people tending to vandalism will be<01:28:59.840> around 01:29:00.870 --> 01:29:00.880 align:start position:0% be around 01:29:00.880 --> 01:29:03.750 align:start position:0% be around and<01:29:01.120> this<01:29:01.360> is<01:29:01.520> one<01:29:01.679> of<01:29:01.760> the<01:29:02.000> main<01:29:02.719> difficulties 01:29:03.750 --> 01:29:03.760 align:start position:0% and this is one of the main difficulties 01:29:03.760 --> 01:29:04.070 align:start position:0% and this is one of the main difficulties for 01:29:04.070 --> 01:29:04.080 align:start position:0% for 01:29:04.080 --> 01:29:07.110 align:start position:0% for technical<01:29:04.560> systems<01:29:06.159> because<01:29:06.560> it<01:29:06.719> will<01:29:06.960> be 01:29:07.110 --> 01:29:07.120 align:start position:0% technical systems because it will be 01:29:07.120 --> 01:29:07.750 align:start position:0% technical systems because it will be almost 01:29:07.750 --> 01:29:07.760 align:start position:0% almost 01:29:07.760 --> 01:29:11.189 align:start position:0% almost impossible<01:29:08.800> to<01:29:09.360> predict<01:29:10.400> which<01:29:10.719> type<01:29:11.040> of 01:29:11.189 --> 01:29:11.199 align:start position:0% impossible to predict which type of 01:29:11.199 --> 01:29:12.390 align:start position:0% impossible to predict which type of vandalism 01:29:12.390 --> 01:29:12.400 align:start position:0% vandalism 01:29:12.400 --> 01:29:14.950 align:start position:0% vandalism will<01:29:12.639> be<01:29:12.800> possible<01:29:13.360> with<01:29:13.520> these<01:29:13.760> systems<01:29:14.800> and 01:29:14.950 --> 01:29:14.960 align:start position:0% will be possible with these systems and 01:29:14.960 --> 01:29:16.310 align:start position:0% will be possible with these systems and if<01:29:15.199> the<01:29:15.280> manufacturer 01:29:16.310 --> 01:29:16.320 align:start position:0% if the manufacturer 01:29:16.320 --> 01:29:19.510 align:start position:0% if the manufacturer is<01:29:17.440> going<01:29:17.600> to<01:29:17.760> be<01:29:17.920> made<01:29:18.239> liable 01:29:19.510 --> 01:29:19.520 align:start position:0% is going to be made liable 01:29:19.520 --> 01:29:21.030 align:start position:0% is going to be made liable for<01:29:19.679> a<01:29:19.760> product<01:29:20.320> even<01:29:20.560> under<01:29:20.800> these 01:29:21.030 --> 01:29:21.040 align:start position:0% for a product even under these 01:29:21.040 --> 01:29:23.590 align:start position:0% for a product even under these conditions<01:29:22.400> progress<01:29:22.880> will<01:29:23.040> be 01:29:23.590 --> 01:29:23.600 align:start position:0% conditions progress will be 01:29:23.600 --> 01:29:27.430 align:start position:0% conditions progress will be rather<01:29:23.920> slow 01:29:27.430 --> 01:29:27.440 align:start position:0% 01:29:27.440 --> 01:29:30.870 align:start position:0% yeah<01:29:27.679> i<01:29:27.840> think<01:29:27.920> that's<01:29:28.159> a<01:29:28.239> very<01:29:28.400> good<01:29:28.639> point<01:29:29.040> um 01:29:30.870 --> 01:29:30.880 align:start position:0% yeah i think that's a very good point um 01:29:30.880 --> 01:29:32.629 align:start position:0% yeah i think that's a very good point um what<01:29:31.040> do<01:29:31.120> you<01:29:31.199> think<01:29:31.280> the<01:29:31.440> importance<01:29:32.000> of 01:29:32.629 --> 01:29:32.639 align:start position:0% what do you think the importance of 01:29:32.639 --> 01:29:34.709 align:start position:0% what do you think the importance of modeling<01:29:33.520> robotic<01:29:34.000> systems<01:29:34.400> after 01:29:34.709 --> 01:29:34.719 align:start position:0% modeling robotic systems after 01:29:34.719 --> 01:29:36.550 align:start position:0% modeling robotic systems after biological<01:29:35.440> systems<01:29:36.000> is 01:29:36.550 --> 01:29:36.560 align:start position:0% biological systems is 01:29:36.560 --> 01:29:37.830 align:start position:0% biological systems is how<01:29:36.800> important<01:29:37.199> is<01:29:37.280> it<01:29:37.360> to<01:29:37.520> really<01:29:37.679> pay 01:29:37.830 --> 01:29:37.840 align:start position:0% how important is it to really pay 01:29:37.840 --> 01:29:40.070 align:start position:0% how important is it to really pay attention<01:29:38.239> to<01:29:38.320> how<01:29:38.480> biological<01:29:39.120> systems<01:29:39.520> work 01:29:40.070 --> 01:29:40.080 align:start position:0% attention to how biological systems work 01:29:40.080 --> 01:29:42.149 align:start position:0% attention to how biological systems work well<01:29:40.239> i<01:29:40.320> think<01:29:40.480> the<01:29:40.639> functional<01:29:41.199> functional 01:29:42.149 --> 01:29:42.159 align:start position:0% well i think the functional functional 01:29:42.159 --> 01:29:43.830 align:start position:0% well i think the functional functional idea<01:29:42.639> look<01:29:42.800> at<01:29:42.960> the<01:29:43.120> functions 01:29:43.830 --> 01:29:43.840 align:start position:0% idea look at the functions 01:29:43.840 --> 01:29:46.950 align:start position:0% idea look at the functions and<01:29:44.239> how<01:29:44.400> it<01:29:44.560> is<01:29:44.719> being<01:29:44.960> solved<01:29:45.920> like 01:29:46.950 --> 01:29:46.960 align:start position:0% and how it is being solved like 01:29:46.960 --> 01:29:49.990 align:start position:0% and how it is being solved like instead<01:29:47.360> of<01:29:47.440> having<01:29:47.760> hundreds<01:29:48.239> and<01:29:49.760> several 01:29:49.990 --> 01:29:50.000 align:start position:0% instead of having hundreds and several 01:29:50.000 --> 01:29:51.750 align:start position:0% instead of having hundreds and several hundreds<01:29:50.400> of<01:29:50.480> eyes<01:29:50.800> or<01:29:50.880> even<01:29:51.040> tens<01:29:51.360> of<01:29:51.520> eyes 01:29:51.750 --> 01:29:51.760 align:start position:0% hundreds of eyes or even tens of eyes 01:29:51.760 --> 01:29:51.990 align:start position:0% hundreds of eyes or even tens of eyes like 01:29:51.990 --> 01:29:52.000 align:start position:0% like 01:29:52.000 --> 01:29:54.709 align:start position:0% like like<01:29:52.239> some<01:29:52.400> animals<01:29:52.880> even<01:29:53.120> do<01:29:53.360> have<01:29:53.520> today 01:29:54.709 --> 01:29:54.719 align:start position:0% like some animals even do have today 01:29:54.719 --> 01:29:55.990 align:start position:0% like some animals even do have today nature<01:29:55.120> developed 01:29:55.990 --> 01:29:56.000 align:start position:0% nature developed 01:29:56.000 --> 01:29:58.310 align:start position:0% nature developed the<01:29:56.159> head<01:29:56.400> and<01:29:56.560> neck<01:29:57.040> and<01:29:57.360> and<01:29:57.520> the<01:29:57.760> eyes<01:29:58.159> so 01:29:58.310 --> 01:29:58.320 align:start position:0% the head and neck and and the eyes so 01:29:58.320 --> 01:29:59.270 align:start position:0% the head and neck and and the eyes so the<01:29:58.560> function 01:29:59.270 --> 01:29:59.280 align:start position:0% the function 01:29:59.280 --> 01:30:01.830 align:start position:0% the function is<01:29:59.440> important<01:29:59.920> and<01:30:00.000> we<01:30:00.159> can<01:30:00.320> learn<01:30:00.560> from<01:30:00.719> that 01:30:01.830 --> 01:30:01.840 align:start position:0% is important and we can learn from that 01:30:01.840 --> 01:30:02.550 align:start position:0% is important and we can learn from that but 01:30:02.550 --> 01:30:02.560 align:start position:0% but 01:30:02.560 --> 01:30:08.629 align:start position:0% but we<01:30:02.719> should<01:30:02.880> make<01:30:03.120> the<01:30:03.600> the<01:30:03.760> mistake<01:30:04.840> to 01:30:08.629 --> 01:30:08.639 align:start position:0% 01:30:08.639 --> 01:30:11.669 align:start position:0% to<01:30:09.120> rebuild<01:30:10.320> similar<01:30:10.719> systems<01:30:11.360> on<01:30:11.520> a 01:30:11.669 --> 01:30:11.679 align:start position:0% to rebuild similar systems on a 01:30:11.679 --> 01:30:13.350 align:start position:0% to rebuild similar systems on a completely<01:30:12.320> different 01:30:13.350 --> 01:30:13.360 align:start position:0% completely different 01:30:13.360 --> 01:30:15.270 align:start position:0% completely different technological<01:30:14.080> background<01:30:14.560> as<01:30:14.719> i<01:30:14.800> mentioned 01:30:15.270 --> 01:30:15.280 align:start position:0% technological background as i mentioned 01:30:15.280 --> 01:30:16.629 align:start position:0% technological background as i mentioned carbon<01:30:15.679> systems 01:30:16.629 --> 01:30:16.639 align:start position:0% carbon systems 01:30:16.639 --> 01:30:19.189 align:start position:0% carbon systems and<01:30:16.800> silicon<01:30:17.280> based<01:30:17.520> systems<01:30:18.400> are<01:30:18.639> completely 01:30:19.189 --> 01:30:19.199 align:start position:0% and silicon based systems are completely 01:30:19.199 --> 01:30:20.790 align:start position:0% and silicon based systems are completely different<01:30:19.679> and 01:30:20.790 --> 01:30:20.800 align:start position:0% different and 01:30:20.800 --> 01:30:23.830 align:start position:0% different and you<01:30:20.960> are<01:30:21.040> not<01:30:21.280> able<01:30:21.840> to<01:30:22.320> transfer<01:30:23.679> the 01:30:23.830 --> 01:30:23.840 align:start position:0% you are not able to transfer the 01:30:23.840 --> 01:30:24.550 align:start position:0% you are not able to transfer the solution 01:30:24.550 --> 01:30:24.560 align:start position:0% solution 01:30:24.560 --> 01:30:28.229 align:start position:0% solution in<01:30:24.800> carbon-based<01:30:25.440> systems<01:30:25.920> like<01:30:26.800> our<01:30:27.040> bodies 01:30:28.229 --> 01:30:28.239 align:start position:0% in carbon-based systems like our bodies 01:30:28.239 --> 01:30:30.709 align:start position:0% in carbon-based systems like our bodies onto<01:30:28.560> silicon<01:30:29.280> this<01:30:29.520> is<01:30:29.679> different<01:30:30.159> and<01:30:30.320> this 01:30:30.709 --> 01:30:30.719 align:start position:0% onto silicon this is different and this 01:30:30.719 --> 01:30:32.310 align:start position:0% onto silicon this is different and this has<01:30:30.880> to<01:30:30.960> be<01:30:31.120> recognized 01:30:32.310 --> 01:30:32.320 align:start position:0% has to be recognized 01:30:32.320 --> 01:30:33.590 align:start position:0% has to be recognized they<01:30:32.480> have<01:30:32.560> been<01:30:32.719> big<01:30:32.960> projects<01:30:33.360> in<01:30:33.440> your 01:30:33.590 --> 01:30:33.600 align:start position:0% they have been big projects in your 01:30:33.600 --> 01:30:35.669 align:start position:0% they have been big projects in your country<01:30:33.920> and<01:30:34.080> in<01:30:34.320> my<01:30:34.480> country<01:30:34.880> also 01:30:35.669 --> 01:30:35.679 align:start position:0% country and in my country also 01:30:35.679 --> 01:30:38.310 align:start position:0% country and in my country also where<01:30:36.400> they<01:30:36.560> wanted<01:30:36.880> to<01:30:37.040> develop<01:30:37.360> a 01:30:38.310 --> 01:30:38.320 align:start position:0% where they wanted to develop a 01:30:38.320 --> 01:30:39.430 align:start position:0% where they wanted to develop a electronic<01:30:38.880> eye 01:30:39.430 --> 01:30:39.440 align:start position:0% electronic eye 01:30:39.440 --> 01:30:42.550 align:start position:0% electronic eye because<01:30:40.080> it's<01:30:40.400> known<01:30:42.080> that<01:30:42.239> there<01:30:42.400> are 01:30:42.550 --> 01:30:42.560 align:start position:0% because it's known that there are 01:30:42.560 --> 01:30:44.870 align:start position:0% because it's known that there are somewhat<01:30:42.800> like<01:30:42.960> 120<01:30:43.520> million 01:30:44.870 --> 01:30:44.880 align:start position:0% somewhat like 120 million 01:30:44.880 --> 01:30:47.830 align:start position:0% somewhat like 120 million light<01:30:45.440> sensitive<01:30:45.920> sensors<01:30:46.400> in<01:30:46.560> the<01:30:46.719> eye<01:30:47.520> but 01:30:47.830 --> 01:30:47.840 align:start position:0% light sensitive sensors in the eye but 01:30:47.840 --> 01:30:48.790 align:start position:0% light sensitive sensors in the eye but the<01:30:48.000> number<01:30:48.320> of 01:30:48.790 --> 01:30:48.800 align:start position:0% the number of 01:30:48.800 --> 01:30:51.830 align:start position:0% the number of of<01:30:49.120> lines<01:30:49.679> of 01:30:51.830 --> 01:30:51.840 align:start position:0% of lines of 01:30:51.840 --> 01:30:54.070 align:start position:0% of lines of communication<01:30:52.480> lines<01:30:52.800> going<01:30:53.600> to<01:30:53.760> where<01:30:53.920> the 01:30:54.070 --> 01:30:54.080 align:start position:0% communication lines going to where the 01:30:54.080 --> 01:30:56.070 align:start position:0% communication lines going to where the vision<01:30:54.560> process<01:30:54.960> is<01:30:55.120> being<01:30:55.440> being<01:30:55.679> done<01:30:55.920> in 01:30:56.070 --> 01:30:56.080 align:start position:0% vision process is being being done in 01:30:56.080 --> 01:30:57.030 align:start position:0% vision process is being being done in the<01:30:56.159> back<01:30:56.320> of<01:30:56.480> the 01:30:57.030 --> 01:30:57.040 align:start position:0% the back of the 01:30:57.040 --> 01:30:58.790 align:start position:0% the back of the it's<01:30:57.280> only<01:30:57.440> 1.2<01:30:58.000> million<01:30:58.320> so<01:30:58.480> there's<01:30:58.719> a 01:30:58.790 --> 01:30:58.800 align:start position:0% it's only 1.2 million so there's a 01:30:58.800 --> 01:31:00.830 align:start position:0% it's only 1.2 million so there's a factor<01:30:59.120> of<01:30:59.199> 100 01:31:00.830 --> 01:31:00.840 align:start position:0% factor of 100 01:31:00.840 --> 01:31:03.750 align:start position:0% factor of 100 compression<01:31:02.320> so<01:31:02.480> that<01:31:02.719> was 01:31:03.750 --> 01:31:03.760 align:start position:0% compression so that was 01:31:03.760 --> 01:31:05.590 align:start position:0% compression so that was the<01:31:03.920> basic<01:31:04.239> idea<01:31:04.639> why<01:31:04.880> people<01:31:05.199> started 01:31:05.590 --> 01:31:05.600 align:start position:0% the basic idea why people started 01:31:05.600 --> 01:31:06.790 align:start position:0% the basic idea why people started looking<01:31:05.920> at<01:31:06.080> combining 01:31:06.790 --> 01:31:06.800 align:start position:0% looking at combining 01:31:06.800 --> 01:31:08.550 align:start position:0% looking at combining sensors<01:31:07.280> with<01:31:07.520> processors<01:31:08.159> in<01:31:08.239> the<01:31:08.320> first 01:31:08.550 --> 01:31:08.560 align:start position:0% sensors with processors in the first 01:31:08.560 --> 01:31:10.790 align:start position:0% sensors with processors in the first stage<01:31:09.280> in<01:31:09.360> order<01:31:09.679> to<01:31:09.840> reduce 01:31:10.790 --> 01:31:10.800 align:start position:0% stage in order to reduce 01:31:10.800 --> 01:31:13.350 align:start position:0% stage in order to reduce data<01:31:11.120> communication<01:31:11.840> after<01:31:12.159> that<01:31:13.040> but 01:31:13.350 --> 01:31:13.360 align:start position:0% data communication after that but 01:31:13.360 --> 01:31:14.550 align:start position:0% data communication after that but silicon<01:31:13.840> that's 01:31:14.550 --> 01:31:14.560 align:start position:0% silicon that's 01:31:14.560 --> 01:31:17.669 align:start position:0% silicon that's that's<01:31:14.800> silly<01:31:15.760> there<01:31:16.000> is<01:31:16.080> no<01:31:16.320> problem 01:31:17.669 --> 01:31:17.679 align:start position:0% that's silly there is no problem 01:31:17.679 --> 01:31:21.510 align:start position:0% that's silly there is no problem take<01:31:18.080> take<01:31:18.880> all<01:31:19.120> the<01:31:19.679> information<01:31:20.239> you<01:31:20.560> want 01:31:21.510 --> 01:31:21.520 align:start position:0% take take all the information you want 01:31:21.520 --> 01:31:23.669 align:start position:0% take take all the information you want you<01:31:21.679> need<01:31:21.840> to<01:31:22.000> have<01:31:22.320> and<01:31:22.639> just<01:31:22.960> send<01:31:23.199> them 01:31:23.669 --> 01:31:23.679 align:start position:0% you need to have and just send them 01:31:23.679 --> 01:31:26.390 align:start position:0% you need to have and just send them because<01:31:24.080> bandwidth<01:31:24.639> is<01:31:24.800> so<01:31:25.040> high 01:31:26.390 --> 01:31:26.400 align:start position:0% because bandwidth is so high 01:31:26.400 --> 01:31:28.709 align:start position:0% because bandwidth is so high don't<01:31:26.719> fool<01:31:26.960> your<01:31:27.120> system<01:31:27.520> around<01:31:28.480> with 01:31:28.709 --> 01:31:28.719 align:start position:0% don't fool your system around with 01:31:28.719 --> 01:31:30.229 align:start position:0% don't fool your system around with requirements<01:31:29.520> which 01:31:30.229 --> 01:31:30.239 align:start position:0% requirements which 01:31:30.239 --> 01:31:33.030 align:start position:0% requirements which are<01:31:30.320> not<01:31:30.560> due<01:31:30.880> to<01:31:31.600> technical<01:31:32.080> necessities<01:31:32.800> but 01:31:33.030 --> 01:31:33.040 align:start position:0% are not due to technical necessities but 01:31:33.040 --> 01:31:34.470 align:start position:0% are not due to technical necessities but due<01:31:33.360> to 01:31:34.470 --> 01:31:34.480 align:start position:0% due to 01:31:34.480 --> 01:31:38.629 align:start position:0% due to some<01:31:35.840> um<01:31:37.040> example 01:31:38.629 --> 01:31:38.639 align:start position:0% some um example 01:31:38.639 --> 01:31:42.149 align:start position:0% some um example based<01:31:38.960> on<01:31:39.120> a<01:31:39.280> completely<01:31:39.760> different<01:31:40.239> hardware 01:31:42.149 --> 01:31:42.159 align:start position:0% based on a completely different hardware 01:31:42.159 --> 01:31:45.669 align:start position:0% based on a completely different hardware or<01:31:42.320> what<01:31:42.560> way<01:31:42.719> or<01:31:42.800> whatever<01:31:43.040> you<01:31:43.199> call<01:31:43.440> it<01:31:45.040> yeah 01:31:45.669 --> 01:31:45.679 align:start position:0% or what way or whatever you call it yeah 01:31:45.679 --> 01:31:49.030 align:start position:0% or what way or whatever you call it yeah yeah<01:31:45.920> i<01:31:46.000> think<01:31:46.159> that's<01:31:46.400> very<01:31:46.639> interesting<01:31:47.199> um 01:31:49.030 --> 01:31:49.040 align:start position:0% yeah i think that's very interesting um 01:31:49.040 --> 01:31:52.550 align:start position:0% yeah i think that's very interesting um in<01:31:49.199> terms<01:31:49.520> of<01:31:50.639> robotics<01:31:51.199> research<01:31:51.840> in<01:31:52.080> europe 01:31:52.550 --> 01:31:52.560 align:start position:0% in terms of robotics research in europe 01:31:52.560 --> 01:31:54.629 align:start position:0% in terms of robotics research in europe and<01:31:52.800> then<01:31:52.960> germany<01:31:53.520> specifically<01:31:54.239> where 01:31:54.629 --> 01:31:54.639 align:start position:0% and then germany specifically where 01:31:54.639 --> 01:31:57.750 align:start position:0% and then germany specifically where do<01:31:54.719> you<01:31:54.880> see<01:31:55.120> the<01:31:55.280> major<01:31:55.840> research<01:31:56.320> centers 01:31:57.750 --> 01:31:57.760 align:start position:0% do you see the major research centers 01:31:57.760 --> 01:32:01.270 align:start position:0% do you see the major research centers being<01:31:58.239> and<01:31:59.360> in<01:31:59.520> robotics<01:32:00.320> in<01:32:00.480> robotics<01:32:00.960> within 01:32:01.270 --> 01:32:01.280 align:start position:0% being and in robotics in robotics within 01:32:01.280 --> 01:32:02.470 align:start position:0% being and in robotics in robotics within germany<01:32:01.840> and 01:32:02.470 --> 01:32:02.480 align:start position:0% germany and 01:32:02.480 --> 01:32:07.430 align:start position:0% germany and and<01:32:02.639> europe<01:32:05.440> well<01:32:05.600> i<01:32:05.679> think<01:32:05.920> one 01:32:07.430 --> 01:32:07.440 align:start position:0% and europe well i think one 01:32:07.440 --> 01:32:11.430 align:start position:0% and europe well i think one of<01:32:07.760> the<01:32:08.639> the<01:32:08.800> best<01:32:09.120> ones<01:32:09.760> in<01:32:10.400> europe 01:32:11.430 --> 01:32:11.440 align:start position:0% of the the best ones in europe 01:32:11.440 --> 01:32:14.470 align:start position:0% of the the best ones in europe is<01:32:11.920> herzinga<01:32:12.639> dlr<01:32:13.760> in<01:32:13.920> over 01:32:14.470 --> 01:32:14.480 align:start position:0% is herzinga dlr in over 01:32:14.480 --> 01:32:18.950 align:start position:0% is herzinga dlr in over north<01:32:17.280> and<01:32:17.600> there<01:32:17.920> are<01:32:18.159> other<01:32:18.400> ones 01:32:18.950 --> 01:32:18.960 align:start position:0% north and there are other ones 01:32:18.960 --> 01:32:23.510 align:start position:0% north and there are other ones in<01:32:20.400> france<01:32:21.760> and 01:32:23.510 --> 01:32:23.520 align:start position:0% in france and 01:32:23.520 --> 01:32:28.629 align:start position:0% in france and good<01:32:23.760> ones<01:32:24.080> also<01:32:24.400> in<01:32:24.840> sweden 01:32:28.629 --> 01:32:28.639 align:start position:0% 01:32:28.639 --> 01:32:30.870 align:start position:0% i'm<01:32:28.800> not<01:32:29.040> so<01:32:29.280> aware<01:32:29.600> of<01:32:29.760> what's<01:32:30.000> going<01:32:30.239> on<01:32:30.719> in 01:32:30.870 --> 01:32:30.880 align:start position:0% i'm not so aware of what's going on in 01:32:30.880 --> 01:32:32.470 align:start position:0% i'm not so aware of what's going on in england<01:32:31.280> because<01:32:31.679> we<01:32:31.920> didn't<01:32:32.159> have 01:32:32.470 --> 01:32:32.480 align:start position:0% england because we didn't have 01:32:32.480 --> 01:32:35.270 align:start position:0% england because we didn't have so<01:32:32.880> many<01:32:33.120> connections<01:32:34.400> they<01:32:34.639> pretty<01:32:34.960> soon 01:32:35.270 --> 01:32:35.280 align:start position:0% so many connections they pretty soon 01:32:35.280 --> 01:32:36.870 align:start position:0% so many connections they pretty soon dropped<01:32:35.679> out<01:32:35.920> of<01:32:36.080> the 01:32:36.870 --> 01:32:36.880 align:start position:0% dropped out of the 01:32:36.880 --> 01:32:40.070 align:start position:0% dropped out of the cooperation<01:32:37.679> in<01:32:37.760> prometheus<01:32:39.199> so<01:32:39.760> i'm<01:32:39.920> not 01:32:40.070 --> 01:32:40.080 align:start position:0% cooperation in prometheus so i'm not 01:32:40.080 --> 01:32:41.590 align:start position:0% cooperation in prometheus so i'm not aware<01:32:40.400> of<01:32:40.480> what's<01:32:40.719> going<01:32:40.960> on<01:32:41.120> there<01:32:41.360> maybe 01:32:41.590 --> 01:32:41.600 align:start position:0% aware of what's going on there maybe 01:32:41.600 --> 01:32:43.669 align:start position:0% aware of what's going on there maybe there<01:32:41.760> are<01:32:41.920> some<01:32:42.159> activities<01:32:42.639> going<01:32:42.880> on<01:32:43.120> in<01:32:43.360> in 01:32:43.669 --> 01:32:43.679 align:start position:0% there are some activities going on in in 01:32:43.679 --> 01:32:44.629 align:start position:0% there are some activities going on in in oxford 01:32:44.629 --> 01:32:44.639 align:start position:0% oxford 01:32:44.639 --> 01:32:46.790 align:start position:0% oxford cambridge<01:32:45.199> uh<01:32:45.440> maybe<01:32:45.840> either<01:32:46.159> but<01:32:46.320> i'm<01:32:46.560> not 01:32:46.790 --> 01:32:46.800 align:start position:0% cambridge uh maybe either but i'm not 01:32:46.800 --> 01:32:47.830 align:start position:0% cambridge uh maybe either but i'm not sure 01:32:47.830 --> 01:32:47.840 align:start position:0% sure 01:32:47.840 --> 01:32:50.950 align:start position:0% sure we<01:32:48.000> did<01:32:48.480> have<01:32:48.800> some<01:32:49.280> cooperation<01:32:50.239> early<01:32:50.800> in 01:32:50.950 --> 01:32:50.960 align:start position:0% we did have some cooperation early in 01:32:50.960 --> 01:32:52.709 align:start position:0% we did have some cooperation early in autonomous<01:32:51.440> vehicles<01:32:51.840> but<01:32:52.159> they<01:32:52.400> have<01:32:52.560> been 01:32:52.709 --> 01:32:52.719 align:start position:0% autonomous vehicles but they have been 01:32:52.719 --> 01:32:53.270 align:start position:0% autonomous vehicles but they have been abandoned 01:32:53.270 --> 01:32:53.280 align:start position:0% abandoned 01:32:53.280 --> 01:32:56.709 align:start position:0% abandoned as<01:32:53.360> far<01:32:53.600> as<01:32:53.760> i<01:32:53.840> know<01:32:54.000> in<01:32:54.159> england<01:32:56.159> with<01:32:56.320> respect 01:32:56.709 --> 01:32:56.719 align:start position:0% as far as i know in england with respect 01:32:56.719 --> 01:32:57.990 align:start position:0% as far as i know in england with respect to<01:32:56.800> autonomous<01:32:57.280> vehicles 01:32:57.990 --> 01:32:58.000 align:start position:0% to autonomous vehicles 01:32:58.000 --> 01:33:00.070 align:start position:0% to autonomous vehicles finland<01:32:58.480> has<01:32:58.639> been<01:32:58.880> doing<01:32:59.280> uh<01:32:59.600> interesting 01:33:00.070 --> 01:33:00.080 align:start position:0% finland has been doing uh interesting 01:33:00.080 --> 01:33:01.510 align:start position:0% finland has been doing uh interesting work 01:33:01.510 --> 01:33:01.520 align:start position:0% work 01:33:01.520 --> 01:33:04.470 align:start position:0% work every<01:33:01.679> now<01:33:01.920> and<01:33:02.000> again<01:33:02.400> which<01:33:02.719> labs<01:33:04.000> oh<01:33:04.239> it's 01:33:04.470 --> 01:33:04.480 align:start position:0% every now and again which labs oh it's 01:33:04.480 --> 01:33:07.270 align:start position:0% every now and again which labs oh it's close<01:33:04.800> to<01:33:04.960> helsinki 01:33:07.270 --> 01:33:07.280 align:start position:0% close to helsinki 01:33:07.280 --> 01:33:12.550 align:start position:0% close to helsinki hazel<01:33:09.760> yep<01:33:10.000> so<01:33:10.239> i<01:33:10.320> think<01:33:10.560> it's<01:33:10.719> cool 01:33:12.550 --> 01:33:12.560 align:start position:0% hazel yep so i think it's cool 01:33:12.560 --> 01:33:17.189 align:start position:0% hazel yep so i think it's cool um<01:33:15.440> maybe<01:33:15.840> also 01:33:17.189 --> 01:33:17.199 align:start position:0% um maybe also 01:33:17.199 --> 01:33:19.669 align:start position:0% um maybe also but<01:33:17.440> i'm<01:33:17.520> not<01:33:17.679> sure<01:33:18.400> yeah<01:33:18.880> what<01:33:19.040> were<01:33:19.199> the<01:33:19.280> labs 01:33:19.669 --> 01:33:19.679 align:start position:0% but i'm not sure yeah what were the labs 01:33:19.679 --> 01:33:23.830 align:start position:0% but i'm not sure yeah what were the labs in<01:33:19.840> sweden<01:33:20.239> and<01:33:20.840> france<01:33:21.920> in<01:33:22.159> sweden<01:33:22.639> it's 01:33:23.830 --> 01:33:23.840 align:start position:0% in sweden and france in sweden it's 01:33:23.840 --> 01:33:27.510 align:start position:0% in sweden and france in sweden it's the<01:33:24.800> what<01:33:25.040> is<01:33:25.120> it 01:33:27.510 --> 01:33:27.520 align:start position:0% 01:33:27.520 --> 01:33:31.590 align:start position:0% in<01:33:27.600> stockholm<01:33:29.760> and<01:33:30.400> in 01:33:31.590 --> 01:33:31.600 align:start position:0% in stockholm and in 01:33:31.600 --> 01:33:36.149 align:start position:0% in stockholm and in and<01:33:32.080> uh<01:33:33.840> what<01:33:34.000> is<01:33:34.840> it 01:33:36.149 --> 01:33:36.159 align:start position:0% and uh what is it 01:33:36.159 --> 01:33:39.430 align:start position:0% and uh what is it no<01:33:36.560> it's<01:33:37.440> nisha<01:33:37.840> berlin<01:33:38.239> shopping 01:33:39.430 --> 01:33:39.440 align:start position:0% no it's nisha berlin shopping 01:33:39.440 --> 01:33:43.030 align:start position:0% no it's nisha berlin shopping me<01:33:39.679> shopping<01:33:41.360> there's<01:33:41.760> there's<01:33:42.080> a<01:33:42.320> university 01:33:43.030 --> 01:33:43.040 align:start position:0% me shopping there's there's a university 01:33:43.040 --> 01:33:43.910 align:start position:0% me shopping there's there's a university and 01:33:43.910 --> 01:33:43.920 align:start position:0% and 01:33:43.920 --> 01:33:45.590 align:start position:0% and lean<01:33:44.159> shopping<01:33:44.639> link<01:33:44.880> shopping<01:33:45.199> it<01:33:45.360> is<01:33:45.520> i 01:33:45.590 --> 01:33:45.600 align:start position:0% lean shopping link shopping it is i 01:33:45.600 --> 01:33:47.990 align:start position:0% lean shopping link shopping it is i think<01:33:45.760> yeah 01:33:47.990 --> 01:33:48.000 align:start position:0% think yeah 01:33:48.000 --> 01:33:54.870 align:start position:0% think yeah and<01:33:48.239> in<01:33:48.320> france 01:33:54.870 --> 01:33:54.880 align:start position:0% 01:33:54.880 --> 01:33:58.149 align:start position:0% and<01:33:55.120> of<01:33:55.280> course<01:33:55.840> to<01:33:56.080> lose<01:33:57.840> the 01:33:58.149 --> 01:33:58.159 align:start position:0% and of course to lose the 01:33:58.159 --> 01:34:07.510 align:start position:0% and of course to lose the uh<01:34:00.719> ah<01:34:01.040> what's<01:34:01.280> uh<01:34:01.440> what's<01:34:01.760> the<01:34:02.840> name 01:34:07.510 --> 01:34:07.520 align:start position:0% 01:34:07.520 --> 01:34:10.470 align:start position:0% well<01:34:07.679> the<01:34:07.920> odds<01:34:08.960> the<01:34:09.120> big<01:34:09.520> well<01:34:09.679> there's<01:34:09.920> the 01:34:10.470 --> 01:34:10.480 align:start position:0% well the odds the big well there's the 01:34:10.480 --> 01:34:12.310 align:start position:0% well the odds the big well there's the no<01:34:10.639> that's<01:34:10.880> industry 01:34:12.310 --> 01:34:12.320 align:start position:0% no that's industry 01:34:12.320 --> 01:34:13.669 align:start position:0% no that's industry i<01:34:12.480> thought<01:34:12.719> of<01:34:12.800> the<01:34:13.120> the<01:34:13.280> research 01:34:13.669 --> 01:34:13.679 align:start position:0% i thought of the the research 01:34:13.679 --> 01:34:15.510 align:start position:0% i thought of the the research institution<01:34:14.719> there's<01:34:15.040> a 01:34:15.510 --> 01:34:15.520 align:start position:0% institution there's a 01:34:15.520 --> 01:34:17.750 align:start position:0% institution there's a large<01:34:15.760> research<01:34:16.159> institution<01:34:16.719> which<01:34:17.520> has 01:34:17.750 --> 01:34:17.760 align:start position:0% large research institution which has 01:34:17.760 --> 01:34:19.590 align:start position:0% large research institution which has been<01:34:18.000> in<01:34:18.159> in<01:34:18.320> paris<01:34:18.639> first<01:34:18.960> and<01:34:19.120> was<01:34:19.360> then 01:34:19.590 --> 01:34:19.600 align:start position:0% been in in paris first and was then 01:34:19.600 --> 01:34:20.709 align:start position:0% been in in paris first and was then moved<01:34:19.920> down<01:34:20.239> to 01:34:20.709 --> 01:34:20.719 align:start position:0% moved down to 01:34:20.719 --> 01:34:23.270 align:start position:0% moved down to to<01:34:20.880> lose<01:34:21.840> and<01:34:22.080> we<01:34:22.159> had<01:34:22.320> quite<01:34:22.480> a<01:34:22.560> bit<01:34:22.719> of<01:34:23.040> of 01:34:23.270 --> 01:34:23.280 align:start position:0% to lose and we had quite a bit of of 01:34:23.280 --> 01:34:26.149 align:start position:0% to lose and we had quite a bit of of cooperation<01:34:23.920> or<01:34:24.159> exchange<01:34:24.719> with<01:34:24.880> those 01:34:26.149 --> 01:34:26.159 align:start position:0% cooperation or exchange with those 01:34:26.159 --> 01:34:29.430 align:start position:0% cooperation or exchange with those um<01:34:27.280> i'm<01:34:27.520> sorry<01:34:27.920> but<01:34:28.159> my<01:34:28.320> memory<01:34:28.800> with<01:34:29.120> respect 01:34:29.430 --> 01:34:29.440 align:start position:0% um i'm sorry but my memory with respect 01:34:29.440 --> 01:34:31.590 align:start position:0% um i'm sorry but my memory with respect to<01:34:29.600> names<01:34:29.920> it's<01:34:30.080> not<01:34:30.239> too<01:34:30.400> good<01:34:30.639> anymore 01:34:31.590 --> 01:34:31.600 align:start position:0% to names it's not too good anymore 01:34:31.600 --> 01:34:35.030 align:start position:0% to names it's not too good anymore so<01:34:32.560> i<01:34:32.719> forgot<01:34:33.040> the<01:34:33.199> names<01:34:33.920> but<01:34:34.239> but<01:34:34.480> you<01:34:34.639> find 01:34:35.030 --> 01:34:35.040 align:start position:0% so i forgot the names but but you find 01:34:35.040 --> 01:34:38.310 align:start position:0% so i forgot the names but but you find if<01:34:35.120> you<01:34:35.199> look<01:34:35.360> at<01:34:35.520> those<01:34:36.239> okay<01:34:37.840> and<01:34:38.080> some 01:34:38.310 --> 01:34:38.320 align:start position:0% if you look at those okay and some 01:34:38.320 --> 01:34:41.030 align:start position:0% if you look at those okay and some activity<01:34:38.719> have<01:34:38.960> been<01:34:39.280> in 01:34:41.030 --> 01:34:41.040 align:start position:0% activity have been in 01:34:41.040 --> 01:34:45.189 align:start position:0% activity have been in in<01:34:41.119> the<01:34:41.280> southern<01:34:41.679> part<01:34:43.360> um 01:34:45.189 --> 01:34:45.199 align:start position:0% in the southern part um 01:34:45.199 --> 01:34:53.510 align:start position:0% in the southern part um also<01:34:45.760> in<01:34:46.000> rio<01:34:46.239> institute<01:34:46.960> sofianti<01:34:47.679> police 01:34:53.510 --> 01:34:53.520 align:start position:0% 01:34:53.520 --> 01:34:56.470 align:start position:0% but<01:34:53.679> this<01:34:53.920> is<01:34:54.639> 15<01:34:55.119> 20<01:34:55.360> years<01:34:55.520> ago<01:34:55.840> so<01:34:56.320> i<01:34:56.400> don't 01:34:56.470 --> 01:34:56.480 align:start position:0% but this is 15 20 years ago so i don't 01:34:56.480 --> 01:34:59.430 align:start position:0% but this is 15 20 years ago so i don't know<01:34:56.639> what's<01:34:56.880> going<01:34:57.040> on<01:34:57.280> right<01:34:57.520> now 01:34:59.430 --> 01:34:59.440 align:start position:0% know what's going on right now 01:34:59.440 --> 01:35:02.790 align:start position:0% know what's going on right now okay<01:35:01.040> i<01:35:01.199> think<01:35:01.360> that<01:35:01.600> covers 01:35:02.790 --> 01:35:02.800 align:start position:0% okay i think that covers 01:35:02.800 --> 01:35:04.950 align:start position:0% okay i think that covers most<01:35:03.119> everything<01:35:03.600> that<01:35:04.159> you<01:35:04.239> could<01:35:04.480> think<01:35:04.719> of 01:35:04.950 --> 01:35:04.960 align:start position:0% most everything that you could think of 01:35:04.960 --> 01:35:07.430 align:start position:0% most everything that you could think of unless<01:35:05.280> you<01:35:05.440> have<01:35:05.760> more<01:35:06.080> to<01:35:06.239> add 01:35:07.430 --> 01:35:07.440 align:start position:0% unless you have more to add 01:35:07.440 --> 01:35:09.510 align:start position:0% unless you have more to add no<01:35:07.600> maybe<01:35:07.840> you<01:35:08.000> should<01:35:08.159> have<01:35:08.320> a<01:35:08.400> look<01:35:08.639> and<01:35:09.280> look 01:35:09.510 --> 01:35:09.520 align:start position:0% no maybe you should have a look and look 01:35:09.520 --> 01:35:15.760 align:start position:0% no maybe you should have a look and look at<01:35:09.679> some<01:35:09.840> of<01:35:09.920> the<01:35:12.760> videos