WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:00.320 --> 00:00:02.629 align:start position:0% so<00:00:00.480> if<00:00:00.640> we<00:00:00.799> could<00:00:00.960> start<00:00:01.280> with<00:00:01.439> your<00:00:01.680> name<00:00:02.320> okay 00:00:02.629 --> 00:00:02.639 align:start position:0% so if we could start with your name okay 00:00:02.639 --> 00:00:03.830 align:start position:0% so if we could start with your name okay i'm<00:00:02.879> ray<00:00:03.120> jarvis 00:00:03.830 --> 00:00:03.840 align:start position:0% i'm ray jarvis 00:00:03.840 --> 00:00:06.950 align:start position:0% i'm ray jarvis uh<00:00:04.319> i<00:00:04.560> was<00:00:04.720> born<00:00:05.120> in<00:00:05.279> rangoon<00:00:06.160> burma 00:00:06.950 --> 00:00:06.960 align:start position:0% uh i was born in rangoon burma 00:00:06.960 --> 00:00:10.870 align:start position:0% uh i was born in rangoon burma 9th<00:00:07.279> of<00:00:07.359> january<00:00:07.759> 1941<00:00:09.840> my<00:00:10.080> parents<00:00:10.480> had<00:00:10.719> sort 00:00:10.870 --> 00:00:10.880 align:start position:0% 9th of january 1941 my parents had sort 00:00:10.880 --> 00:00:12.629 align:start position:0% 9th of january 1941 my parents had sort of<00:00:10.960> british<00:00:11.360> background<00:00:11.920> and<00:00:12.080> some<00:00:12.320> asian 00:00:12.629 --> 00:00:12.639 align:start position:0% of british background and some asian 00:00:12.639 --> 00:00:14.549 align:start position:0% of british background and some asian background<00:00:13.200> mixed 00:00:14.549 --> 00:00:14.559 align:start position:0% background mixed 00:00:14.559 --> 00:00:18.070 align:start position:0% background mixed we<00:00:15.280> came<00:00:15.519> to<00:00:15.679> australia<00:00:16.240> in<00:00:16.840> 1947 00:00:18.070 --> 00:00:18.080 align:start position:0% we came to australia in 1947 00:00:18.080 --> 00:00:21.189 align:start position:0% we came to australia in 1947 landing<00:00:18.480> in<00:00:18.640> fremantle<00:00:19.359> on<00:00:19.520> the<00:00:19.600> west<00:00:19.920> coast 00:00:21.189 --> 00:00:21.199 align:start position:0% landing in fremantle on the west coast 00:00:21.199 --> 00:00:24.470 align:start position:0% landing in fremantle on the west coast and<00:00:21.680> i<00:00:21.920> went<00:00:22.240> to<00:00:22.640> a<00:00:23.039> christian<00:00:23.359> brothers 00:00:24.470 --> 00:00:24.480 align:start position:0% and i went to a christian brothers 00:00:24.480 --> 00:00:27.429 align:start position:0% and i went to a christian brothers school<00:00:24.960> in<00:00:25.119> a<00:00:25.199> suburb<00:00:25.599> near<00:00:25.840> where<00:00:26.000> we<00:00:26.240> were 00:00:27.429 --> 00:00:27.439 align:start position:0% school in a suburb near where we were 00:00:27.439 --> 00:00:29.109 align:start position:0% school in a suburb near where we were and<00:00:27.760> finished<00:00:28.160> up<00:00:28.320> going<00:00:28.640> to 00:00:29.109 --> 00:00:29.119 align:start position:0% and finished up going to 00:00:29.119 --> 00:00:30.710 align:start position:0% and finished up going to university<00:00:29.519> of<00:00:29.599> western<00:00:29.920> australia<00:00:30.400> where<00:00:30.560> i 00:00:30.710 --> 00:00:30.720 align:start position:0% university of western australia where i 00:00:30.720 --> 00:00:32.310 align:start position:0% university of western australia where i did<00:00:31.119> my<00:00:31.359> undergraduate 00:00:32.310 --> 00:00:32.320 align:start position:0% did my undergraduate 00:00:32.320 --> 00:00:35.350 align:start position:0% did my undergraduate degree<00:00:32.800> in<00:00:32.960> electrical<00:00:33.440> engineering<00:00:34.800> and 00:00:35.350 --> 00:00:35.360 align:start position:0% degree in electrical engineering and 00:00:35.360 --> 00:00:37.670 align:start position:0% degree in electrical engineering and subsequently<00:00:36.320> completed<00:00:36.800> a<00:00:36.880> phd<00:00:37.520> in 00:00:37.670 --> 00:00:37.680 align:start position:0% subsequently completed a phd in 00:00:37.680 --> 00:00:39.510 align:start position:0% subsequently completed a phd in electrical<00:00:38.079> engineering 00:00:39.510 --> 00:00:39.520 align:start position:0% electrical engineering 00:00:39.520 --> 00:00:42.869 align:start position:0% electrical engineering following<00:00:39.920> that<00:00:40.239> in<00:00:40.440> 1968<00:00:41.680> i<00:00:41.920> spent<00:00:42.480> two<00:00:42.640> years 00:00:42.869 --> 00:00:42.879 align:start position:0% following that in 1968 i spent two years 00:00:42.879 --> 00:00:45.990 align:start position:0% following that in 1968 i spent two years at<00:00:43.040> purdue 00:00:45.990 --> 00:00:46.000 align:start position:0% 00:00:46.000 --> 00:00:49.110 align:start position:0% in<00:00:46.239> contact<00:00:47.039> somewhat<00:00:47.680> with<00:00:48.160> professor<00:00:48.879> thu 00:00:49.110 --> 00:00:49.120 align:start position:0% in contact somewhat with professor thu 00:00:49.120 --> 00:00:51.029 align:start position:0% in contact somewhat with professor thu who<00:00:49.280> was<00:00:49.360> one<00:00:49.520> of<00:00:49.520> my<00:00:49.760> cohorts 00:00:51.029 --> 00:00:51.039 align:start position:0% who was one of my cohorts 00:00:51.039 --> 00:00:53.510 align:start position:0% who was one of my cohorts but<00:00:51.280> i<00:00:51.360> actually<00:00:51.680> worked<00:00:52.000> with<00:00:52.719> professor<00:00:53.280> ed 00:00:53.510 --> 00:00:53.520 align:start position:0% but i actually worked with professor ed 00:00:53.520 --> 00:00:54.069 align:start position:0% but i actually worked with professor ed patrick 00:00:54.069 --> 00:00:54.079 align:start position:0% patrick 00:00:54.079 --> 00:00:55.590 align:start position:0% patrick who<00:00:54.239> was<00:00:54.320> working<00:00:54.559> on<00:00:54.719> pattern<00:00:54.960> recognition 00:00:55.590 --> 00:00:55.600 align:start position:0% who was working on pattern recognition 00:00:55.600 --> 00:00:57.350 align:start position:0% who was working on pattern recognition those<00:00:55.920> days 00:00:57.350 --> 00:00:57.360 align:start position:0% those days 00:00:57.360 --> 00:01:00.630 align:start position:0% those days went<00:00:57.680> back<00:00:58.320> to<00:00:58.640> australia 00:01:00.630 --> 00:01:00.640 align:start position:0% went back to australia 00:01:00.640 --> 00:01:03.510 align:start position:0% went back to australia to<00:01:00.800> join<00:01:01.199> australian<00:01:01.600> national<00:01:01.920> university 00:01:03.510 --> 00:01:03.520 align:start position:0% to join australian national university 00:01:03.520 --> 00:01:05.109 align:start position:0% to join australian national university as<00:01:03.920> a<00:01:04.080> senior<00:01:04.400> lecturer 00:01:05.109 --> 00:01:05.119 align:start position:0% as a senior lecturer 00:01:05.119 --> 00:01:08.550 align:start position:0% as a senior lecturer and<00:01:06.400> was<00:01:06.640> essentially<00:01:07.840> given<00:01:08.080> the<00:01:08.159> task<00:01:08.479> of 00:01:08.550 --> 00:01:08.560 align:start position:0% and was essentially given the task of 00:01:08.560 --> 00:01:10.469 align:start position:0% and was essentially given the task of setting<00:01:08.799> up<00:01:08.960> a<00:01:09.040> computer<00:01:09.520> science<00:01:09.840> department 00:01:10.469 --> 00:01:10.479 align:start position:0% setting up a computer science department 00:01:10.479 --> 00:01:12.230 align:start position:0% setting up a computer science department which<00:01:10.840> began 00:01:12.230 --> 00:01:12.240 align:start position:0% which began 00:01:12.240 --> 00:01:14.550 align:start position:0% which began as<00:01:12.479> an<00:01:12.640> embryo<00:01:13.200> group<00:01:13.439> within<00:01:14.000> department<00:01:14.479> of 00:01:14.550 --> 00:01:14.560 align:start position:0% as an embryo group within department of 00:01:14.560 --> 00:01:15.510 align:start position:0% as an embryo group within department of statistics 00:01:15.510 --> 00:01:15.520 align:start position:0% statistics 00:01:15.520 --> 00:01:18.070 align:start position:0% statistics and<00:01:15.920> a<00:01:16.720> few<00:01:16.880> years<00:01:17.119> later<00:01:17.439> we<00:01:17.680> became<00:01:18.000> a 00:01:18.070 --> 00:01:18.080 align:start position:0% and a few years later we became a 00:01:18.080 --> 00:01:19.749 align:start position:0% and a few years later we became a separate<00:01:18.400> department<00:01:19.040> but<00:01:19.200> we're<00:01:19.439> still 00:01:19.749 --> 00:01:19.759 align:start position:0% separate department but we're still 00:01:19.759 --> 00:01:21.429 align:start position:0% separate department but we're still strangely<00:01:20.320> in<00:01:20.479> the<00:01:20.560> faculty<00:01:20.799> of<00:01:20.960> economics 00:01:21.429 --> 00:01:21.439 align:start position:0% strangely in the faculty of economics 00:01:21.439 --> 00:01:23.190 align:start position:0% strangely in the faculty of economics which<00:01:21.680> is<00:01:21.759> a<00:01:21.840> bit<00:01:22.000> odd 00:01:23.190 --> 00:01:23.200 align:start position:0% which is a bit odd 00:01:23.200 --> 00:01:25.190 align:start position:0% which is a bit odd so<00:01:23.360> i<00:01:23.520> worked<00:01:23.840> at<00:01:24.000> the<00:01:24.159> australian<00:01:24.640> university 00:01:25.190 --> 00:01:25.200 align:start position:0% so i worked at the australian university 00:01:25.200 --> 00:01:29.270 align:start position:0% so i worked at the australian university for<00:01:25.759> about<00:01:25.920> 14<00:01:26.320> and<00:01:26.400> a<00:01:26.400> half<00:01:26.720> years 00:01:29.270 --> 00:01:29.280 align:start position:0% 00:01:29.280 --> 00:01:32.630 align:start position:0% went<00:01:29.680> to<00:01:30.000> a<00:01:31.040> chair<00:01:31.680> of 00:01:32.630 --> 00:01:32.640 align:start position:0% went to a chair of 00:01:32.640 --> 00:01:34.390 align:start position:0% went to a chair of electrical<00:01:33.280> engineering<00:01:33.840> at<00:01:34.000> monash 00:01:34.390 --> 00:01:34.400 align:start position:0% electrical engineering at monash 00:01:34.400 --> 00:01:36.390 align:start position:0% electrical engineering at monash university<00:01:34.960> which<00:01:35.200> is<00:01:35.360> in<00:01:35.520> melbourne 00:01:36.390 --> 00:01:36.400 align:start position:0% university which is in melbourne 00:01:36.400 --> 00:01:41.190 align:start position:0% university which is in melbourne in<00:01:36.680> 1985.<00:01:39.119> um 00:01:41.190 --> 00:01:41.200 align:start position:0% in 1985. um 00:01:41.200 --> 00:01:43.030 align:start position:0% in 1985. um changed<00:01:41.600> the<00:01:41.680> naval<00:01:42.000> department<00:01:42.479> to<00:01:42.720> include 00:01:43.030 --> 00:01:43.040 align:start position:0% changed the naval department to include 00:01:43.040 --> 00:01:44.789 align:start position:0% changed the naval department to include computer<00:01:43.439> systems<00:01:43.920> soon<00:01:44.240> after 00:01:44.789 --> 00:01:44.799 align:start position:0% computer systems soon after 00:01:44.799 --> 00:01:47.830 align:start position:0% computer systems soon after and<00:01:45.360> established<00:01:47.119> in 00:01:47.830 --> 00:01:47.840 align:start position:0% and established in 00:01:47.840 --> 00:01:49.830 align:start position:0% and established in uh<00:01:48.079> intelligent<00:01:48.560> robotics<00:01:49.200> research<00:01:49.600> center 00:01:49.830 --> 00:01:49.840 align:start position:0% uh intelligent robotics research center 00:01:49.840 --> 00:01:51.590 align:start position:0% uh intelligent robotics research center in<00:01:49.920> 1987 00:01:51.590 --> 00:01:51.600 align:start position:0% in 1987 00:01:51.600 --> 00:01:54.469 align:start position:0% in 1987 and<00:01:52.159> been<00:01:52.479> director<00:01:52.960> of<00:01:53.040> this<00:01:53.920> group<00:01:54.240> ever 00:01:54.469 --> 00:01:54.479 align:start position:0% and been director of this group ever 00:01:54.479 --> 00:01:55.670 align:start position:0% and been director of this group ever since 00:01:55.670 --> 00:01:55.680 align:start position:0% since 00:01:55.680 --> 00:01:58.469 align:start position:0% since so<00:01:55.840> the<00:01:56.000> group<00:01:56.399> essentially<00:01:57.119> included<00:01:58.079> other 00:01:58.469 --> 00:01:58.479 align:start position:0% so the group essentially included other 00:01:58.479 --> 00:02:00.550 align:start position:0% so the group essentially included other academics<00:01:59.119> from<00:01:59.280> in<00:01:59.360> the<00:01:59.520> department<00:02:00.159> with 00:02:00.550 --> 00:02:00.560 align:start position:0% academics from in the department with 00:02:00.560 --> 00:02:03.109 align:start position:0% academics from in the department with backgrounds<00:02:01.040> in<00:02:01.280> computer<00:02:01.680> systems<00:02:02.799> with 00:02:03.109 --> 00:02:03.119 align:start position:0% backgrounds in computer systems with 00:02:03.119 --> 00:02:04.870 align:start position:0% backgrounds in computer systems with several<00:02:03.439> different<00:02:03.840> interests<00:02:04.159> in<00:02:04.240> robotics 00:02:04.870 --> 00:02:04.880 align:start position:0% several different interests in robotics 00:02:04.880 --> 00:02:06.789 align:start position:0% several different interests in robotics so<00:02:05.119> my<00:02:05.360> colleagues<00:02:05.840> had 00:02:06.789 --> 00:02:06.799 align:start position:0% so my colleagues had 00:02:06.799 --> 00:02:09.830 align:start position:0% so my colleagues had complementaries<00:02:07.680> to<00:02:07.920> mine<00:02:08.479> and<00:02:08.800> we<00:02:09.200> tended<00:02:09.599> to 00:02:09.830 --> 00:02:09.840 align:start position:0% complementaries to mine and we tended to 00:02:09.840 --> 00:02:11.670 align:start position:0% complementaries to mine and we tended to work<00:02:10.160> in<00:02:10.239> a<00:02:10.319> fairly<00:02:10.640> democratic 00:02:11.670 --> 00:02:11.680 align:start position:0% work in a fairly democratic 00:02:11.680 --> 00:02:14.869 align:start position:0% work in a fairly democratic way<00:02:12.319> collecting<00:02:13.360> a<00:02:13.520> few<00:02:13.760> students 00:02:14.869 --> 00:02:14.879 align:start position:0% way collecting a few students 00:02:14.879 --> 00:02:18.790 align:start position:0% way collecting a few students roughly<00:02:15.760> 10<00:02:15.920> to<00:02:16.080> 12<00:02:16.640> between<00:02:16.959> the<00:02:17.120> four<00:02:17.360> of<00:02:17.520> us 00:02:18.790 --> 00:02:18.800 align:start position:0% roughly 10 to 12 between the four of us 00:02:18.800 --> 00:02:20.710 align:start position:0% roughly 10 to 12 between the four of us expanding<00:02:19.360> up<00:02:19.440> to<00:02:19.599> about<00:02:19.840> 24<00:02:20.400> when<00:02:20.640> the 00:02:20.710 --> 00:02:20.720 align:start position:0% expanding up to about 24 when the 00:02:20.720 --> 00:02:22.710 align:start position:0% expanding up to about 24 when the funding<00:02:21.120> was<00:02:21.280> good<00:02:21.599> and<00:02:21.680> dying<00:02:22.080> back<00:02:22.319> to<00:02:22.480> about 00:02:22.710 --> 00:02:22.720 align:start position:0% funding was good and dying back to about 00:02:22.720 --> 00:02:25.350 align:start position:0% funding was good and dying back to about 10<00:02:22.959> when<00:02:23.120> it<00:02:23.200> wasn't<00:02:23.520> so<00:02:23.760> good 00:02:25.350 --> 00:02:25.360 align:start position:0% 10 when it wasn't so good 00:02:25.360 --> 00:02:28.790 align:start position:0% 10 when it wasn't so good my<00:02:25.840> own<00:02:26.560> robotics<00:02:27.120> interests<00:02:27.920> started<00:02:28.400> off 00:02:28.790 --> 00:02:28.800 align:start position:0% my own robotics interests started off 00:02:28.800 --> 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position:0% background drifting into image 00:02:38.800 --> 00:02:40.390 align:start position:0% background drifting into image processing 00:02:40.390 --> 00:02:40.400 align:start position:0% processing 00:02:40.400 --> 00:02:43.830 align:start position:0% processing and<00:02:40.720> then<00:02:41.360> computer<00:02:41.840> vision<00:02:42.160> and<00:02:42.239> robotics 00:02:43.830 --> 00:02:43.840 align:start position:0% and then computer vision and robotics 00:02:43.840 --> 00:02:48.830 align:start position:0% and then computer vision and robotics so<00:02:44.080> the<00:02:44.239> computer<00:02:44.640> vision<00:02:44.959> robotics<00:02:46.239> about 00:02:48.830 --> 00:02:48.840 align:start position:0% 00:02:48.840 --> 00:02:52.390 align:start position:0% 1982 00:02:52.390 --> 00:02:52.400 align:start position:0% 00:02:52.400 --> 00:02:54.630 align:start position:0% so<00:02:52.640> when<00:02:52.879> i<00:02:52.959> established<00:02:53.599> the<00:02:53.840> center<00:02:54.239> at 00:02:54.630 --> 00:02:54.640 align:start position:0% so when i established the center at 00:02:54.640 --> 00:02:56.470 align:start position:0% so when i established the center at monash 00:02:56.470 --> 00:02:56.480 align:start position:0% monash 00:02:56.480 --> 00:02:58.470 align:start position:0% monash my<00:02:56.720> main<00:02:56.959> interests<00:02:57.440> were<00:02:57.599> things<00:02:57.920> like 00:02:58.470 --> 00:02:58.480 align:start position:0% my main interests were things like 00:02:58.480 --> 00:03:02.710 align:start position:0% my main interests were things like robotic<00:02:59.040> hand-eye<00:02:59.599> coordination 00:03:02.710 --> 00:03:02.720 align:start position:0% 00:03:02.720 --> 00:03:06.470 align:start position:0% various<00:03:03.280> range<00:03:03.599> finding<00:03:04.000> methods<00:03:05.040> stereo 00:03:06.470 --> 00:03:06.480 align:start position:0% various range finding methods stereo 00:03:06.480 --> 00:03:10.149 align:start position:0% various range finding methods stereo depth<00:03:09.120> and<00:03:09.280> then<00:03:09.599> i 00:03:10.149 --> 00:03:10.159 align:start position:0% depth and then i 00:03:10.159 --> 00:03:12.229 align:start position:0% depth and then i switched<00:03:10.800> between<00:03:11.599> the<00:03:11.760> hand-eye 00:03:12.229 --> 00:03:12.239 align:start position:0% switched between the hand-eye 00:03:12.239 --> 00:03:13.509 align:start position:0% switched between the hand-eye coordination<00:03:12.959> to 00:03:13.509 --> 00:03:13.519 align:start position:0% coordination to 00:03:13.519 --> 00:03:17.750 align:start position:0% coordination to robotic<00:03:14.720> navigation<00:03:16.319> of 00:03:17.750 --> 00:03:17.760 align:start position:0% robotic navigation of 00:03:17.760 --> 00:03:19.910 align:start position:0% robotic navigation of vehicles<00:03:18.480> generally<00:03:18.959> wheeled<00:03:19.280> sometimes 00:03:19.910 --> 00:03:19.920 align:start position:0% vehicles generally wheeled sometimes 00:03:19.920 --> 00:03:21.350 align:start position:0% vehicles generally wheeled sometimes tracked 00:03:21.350 --> 00:03:21.360 align:start position:0% tracked 00:03:21.360 --> 00:03:24.869 align:start position:0% tracked and<00:03:22.720> mixed<00:03:23.519> indoors<00:03:24.159> and<00:03:24.319> outdoor 00:03:24.869 --> 00:03:24.879 align:start position:0% and mixed indoors and outdoor 00:03:24.879 --> 00:03:27.270 align:start position:0% and mixed indoors and outdoor experiments<00:03:25.599> so 00:03:27.270 --> 00:03:27.280 align:start position:0% experiments so 00:03:27.280 --> 00:03:29.670 align:start position:0% experiments so about<00:03:27.599> halfway<00:03:28.159> through<00:03:28.480> i<00:03:28.640> suppose<00:03:29.040> my<00:03:29.360> time 00:03:29.670 --> 00:03:29.680 align:start position:0% about halfway through i suppose my time 00:03:29.680 --> 00:03:30.710 align:start position:0% about halfway through i suppose my time at<00:03:30.080> monash 00:03:30.710 --> 00:03:30.720 align:start position:0% at monash 00:03:30.720 --> 00:03:33.110 align:start position:0% at monash i<00:03:30.879> got<00:03:31.120> interested<00:03:31.599> in<00:03:32.080> larger<00:03:32.640> outdoor 00:03:33.110 --> 00:03:33.120 align:start position:0% i got interested in larger outdoor 00:03:33.120 --> 00:03:34.710 align:start position:0% i got interested in larger outdoor vehicles<00:03:33.760> that<00:03:34.000> could 00:03:34.710 --> 00:03:34.720 align:start position:0% vehicles that could 00:03:34.720 --> 00:03:39.350 align:start position:0% vehicles that could operate<00:03:35.200> in<00:03:36.080> rough<00:03:36.319> terrain<00:03:37.519> those<00:03:37.840> that 00:03:39.350 --> 00:03:39.360 align:start position:0% operate in rough terrain those that 00:03:39.360 --> 00:03:41.509 align:start position:0% operate in rough terrain those that sense<00:03:39.599> the<00:03:39.840> environment<00:03:40.480> in<00:03:40.720> sufficient<00:03:41.360> way 00:03:41.509 --> 00:03:41.519 align:start position:0% sense the environment in sufficient way 00:03:41.519 --> 00:03:43.670 align:start position:0% sense the environment in sufficient way to<00:03:41.680> carry<00:03:42.000> out<00:03:42.239> either<00:03:42.560> tele-operated<00:03:43.280> tasks 00:03:43.670 --> 00:03:43.680 align:start position:0% to carry out either tele-operated tasks 00:03:43.680 --> 00:03:46.390 align:start position:0% to carry out either tele-operated tasks before<00:03:43.920> the<00:03:44.000> automated<00:03:44.840> tasks<00:03:45.920> and 00:03:46.390 --> 00:03:46.400 align:start position:0% before the automated tasks and 00:03:46.400 --> 00:03:48.229 align:start position:0% before the automated tasks and i<00:03:46.560> suppose<00:03:46.879> the<00:03:46.959> biggest<00:03:47.280> project<00:03:47.760> i<00:03:47.920> worked 00:03:48.229 --> 00:03:48.239 align:start position:0% i suppose the biggest project i worked 00:03:48.239 --> 00:03:49.509 align:start position:0% i suppose the biggest project i worked on<00:03:48.400> in<00:03:48.560> the<00:03:48.640> last 00:03:49.509 --> 00:03:49.519 align:start position:0% on in the last 00:03:49.519 --> 00:03:51.589 align:start position:0% on in the last five<00:03:50.159> years<00:03:50.400> we<00:03:50.560> completed<00:03:51.200> a<00:03:51.360> year<00:03:51.519> and<00:03:51.599> a 00:03:51.589 --> 00:03:51.599 align:start position:0% five years we completed a year and a 00:03:51.599 --> 00:03:53.429 align:start position:0% five years we completed a year and a half<00:03:51.840> ago<00:03:52.239> was 00:03:53.429 --> 00:03:53.439 align:start position:0% half ago was 00:03:53.439 --> 00:03:55.190 align:start position:0% half ago was working<00:03:53.680> with<00:03:53.920> the<00:03:54.000> country<00:03:54.319> fire<00:03:54.640> authority 00:03:55.190 --> 00:03:55.200 align:start position:0% working with the country fire authority 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work<00:04:05.599> split<00:04:05.920> up<00:04:06.080> into<00:04:06.959> several<00:04:07.360> different 00:04:07.910 --> 00:04:07.920 align:start position:0% work split up into several different 00:04:07.920 --> 00:04:09.750 align:start position:0% work split up into several different approaches<00:04:08.480> one<00:04:08.720> was<00:04:09.040> vehicles<00:04:09.439> that<00:04:09.599> could 00:04:09.750 --> 00:04:09.760 align:start position:0% approaches one was vehicles that could 00:04:09.760 --> 00:04:10.949 align:start position:0% approaches one was vehicles that could go<00:04:09.920> into<00:04:10.239> forward 00:04:10.949 --> 00:04:10.959 align:start position:0% go into forward 00:04:10.959 --> 00:04:13.190 align:start position:0% go into forward scouting<00:04:11.519> to<00:04:11.680> check<00:04:11.920> whether<00:04:12.400> some<00:04:12.799> area<00:04:13.040> was 00:04:13.190 --> 00:04:13.200 align:start position:0% scouting to check whether some area was 00:04:13.200 --> 00:04:14.309 align:start position:0% scouting to check whether some area was safe 00:04:14.309 --> 00:04:14.319 align:start position:0% safe 00:04:14.319 --> 00:04:16.629 align:start position:0% safe others<00:04:14.640> that<00:04:15.120> were<00:04:15.360> capable<00:04:15.760> of<00:04:15.920> clearing<00:04:16.479> the 00:04:16.629 --> 00:04:16.639 align:start position:0% others that were capable of clearing the 00:04:16.639 --> 00:04:17.430 align:start position:0% others that were capable of clearing the path<00:04:17.040> for 00:04:17.430 --> 00:04:17.440 align:start position:0% path for 00:04:17.440 --> 00:04:19.509 align:start position:0% path for another<00:04:17.919> vehicle<00:04:18.320> and<00:04:18.400> then<00:04:18.639> finally<00:04:18.959> the 00:04:19.509 --> 00:04:19.519 align:start position:0% another vehicle and then finally the 00:04:19.519 --> 00:04:21.270 align:start position:0% another vehicle and then finally the vehicle<00:04:19.840> that<00:04:20.079> itself<00:04:20.400> would<00:04:20.560> carry<00:04:20.880> water 00:04:21.270 --> 00:04:21.280 align:start position:0% vehicle that itself would carry water 00:04:21.280 --> 00:04:23.110 align:start position:0% vehicle that itself would carry water and<00:04:21.519> extinguish<00:04:22.000> flames<00:04:22.400> and<00:04:22.479> the<00:04:22.639> idea<00:04:22.960> there 00:04:23.110 --> 00:04:23.120 align:start position:0% and extinguish flames and the idea there 00:04:23.120 --> 00:04:24.070 align:start position:0% and extinguish flames and the idea there was 00:04:24.070 --> 00:04:24.080 align:start position:0% was 00:04:24.080 --> 00:04:25.990 align:start position:0% was never<00:04:24.400> to<00:04:24.560> be<00:04:24.800> too<00:04:25.040> concerned<00:04:25.520> about<00:04:25.840> the 00:04:25.990 --> 00:04:26.000 align:start position:0% never to be too concerned about the 00:04:26.000 --> 00:04:28.469 align:start position:0% never to be too concerned about the degree<00:04:26.320> of<00:04:26.960> autonomous<00:04:27.680> control<00:04:28.080> but<00:04:28.240> just 00:04:28.469 --> 00:04:28.479 align:start position:0% degree of autonomous control but just 00:04:28.479 --> 00:04:29.590 align:start position:0% degree of autonomous control but just make<00:04:28.639> sure<00:04:28.960> that<00:04:29.199> the 00:04:29.590 --> 00:04:29.600 align:start position:0% make sure that the 00:04:29.600 --> 00:04:32.150 align:start position:0% make sure that the human<00:04:30.000> operator<00:04:30.400> was<00:04:30.639> at<00:04:30.720> a<00:04:30.800> safe<00:04:31.120> distance<00:04:32.000> so 00:04:32.150 --> 00:04:32.160 align:start position:0% human operator was at a safe distance so 00:04:32.160 --> 00:04:33.110 align:start position:0% human operator was at a safe distance so the 00:04:33.110 --> 00:04:33.120 align:start position:0% the 00:04:33.120 --> 00:04:36.310 align:start position:0% the concentration<00:04:33.840> there<00:04:34.080> was<00:04:34.320> on<00:04:35.680> rich<00:04:35.919> sensor 00:04:36.310 --> 00:04:36.320 align:start position:0% concentration there was on rich sensor 00:04:36.320 --> 00:04:37.350 align:start position:0% concentration there was on rich sensor feedback 00:04:37.350 --> 00:04:37.360 align:start position:0% feedback 00:04:37.360 --> 00:04:41.430 align:start position:0% feedback and<00:04:37.919> very<00:04:38.160> simplistic<00:04:39.120> control<00:04:39.680> of<00:04:39.919> existing 00:04:41.430 --> 00:04:41.440 align:start position:0% and very simplistic control of existing 00:04:41.440 --> 00:04:43.990 align:start position:0% and very simplistic control of existing mechanisms<00:04:42.080> like<00:04:43.040> steering<00:04:43.600> braking 00:04:43.990 --> 00:04:44.000 align:start position:0% mechanisms like steering braking 00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:45.430 align:start position:0% mechanisms like steering braking accelerator<00:04:44.560> without<00:04:44.880> modifying<00:04:45.360> the 00:04:45.430 --> 00:04:45.440 align:start position:0% accelerator without modifying the 00:04:45.440 --> 00:04:46.310 align:start position:0% accelerator without modifying the vehicle<00:04:45.840> more<00:04:46.000> than 00:04:46.310 --> 00:04:46.320 align:start position:0% vehicle more than 00:04:46.320 --> 00:04:49.749 align:start position:0% vehicle more than absolutely<00:04:46.880> necessary<00:04:48.880> i<00:04:49.040> guess<00:04:49.280> another 00:04:49.749 --> 00:04:49.759 align:start position:0% absolutely necessary i guess another 00:04:49.759 --> 00:04:50.390 align:start position:0% absolutely necessary i guess another project 00:04:50.390 --> 00:04:50.400 align:start position:0% project 00:04:50.400 --> 00:04:54.390 align:start position:0% project which<00:04:51.360> i<00:04:51.440> had<00:04:51.680> several<00:04:52.080> goes<00:04:52.400> at<00:04:52.639> was 00:04:54.390 --> 00:04:54.400 align:start position:0% which i had several goes at was 00:04:54.400 --> 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under<00:05:04.960> the<00:05:05.039> control 00:05:05.909 --> 00:05:05.919 align:start position:0% being fully under the control 00:05:05.919 --> 00:05:08.790 align:start position:0% being fully under the control of<00:05:06.240> the<00:05:06.800> user<00:05:07.840> to<00:05:08.080> taking<00:05:08.479> over<00:05:08.720> a<00:05:08.800> certain 00:05:08.790 --> 00:05:08.800 align:start position:0% of the user to taking over a certain 00:05:08.800 --> 00:05:10.710 align:start position:0% of the user to taking over a certain cinematic<00:05:09.360> control<00:05:09.600> where<00:05:09.840> that<00:05:10.000> user 00:05:10.710 --> 00:05:10.720 align:start position:0% cinematic control where that user 00:05:10.720 --> 00:05:12.790 align:start position:0% cinematic control where that user showed<00:05:11.120> some<00:05:11.360> signs<00:05:11.759> of<00:05:11.919> fragility<00:05:12.560> either 00:05:12.790 --> 00:05:12.800 align:start position:0% showed some signs of fragility either 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collisions<00:05:28.400> but<00:05:28.639> also<00:05:28.960> give<00:05:29.600> advice<00:05:30.080> as 00:05:30.230 --> 00:05:30.240 align:start position:0% avoid collisions but also give advice as 00:05:30.240 --> 00:05:30.629 align:start position:0% avoid collisions but also give advice as to 00:05:30.629 --> 00:05:30.639 align:start position:0% to 00:05:30.639 --> 00:05:33.830 align:start position:0% to safe<00:05:30.960> directions<00:05:32.160> and<00:05:32.400> sometimes 00:05:33.830 --> 00:05:33.840 align:start position:0% safe directions and sometimes 00:05:33.840 --> 00:05:36.310 align:start position:0% safe directions and sometimes pull<00:05:34.160> the<00:05:34.800> sort<00:05:34.960> of<00:05:35.039> the<00:05:35.199> vector<00:05:35.600> of<00:05:35.840> intended 00:05:36.310 --> 00:05:36.320 align:start position:0% pull the sort of the vector of intended 00:05:36.320 --> 00:05:39.189 align:start position:0% pull the sort of the vector of intended direction<00:05:36.880> towards<00:05:37.360> the<00:05:37.600> safer 00:05:39.189 --> 00:05:39.199 align:start position:0% direction towards the safer 00:05:39.199 --> 00:05:41.189 align:start position:0% direction towards the safer and<00:05:39.440> to<00:05:39.680> change<00:05:40.000> the<00:05:40.160> parameters<00:05:40.720> so<00:05:40.960> you're 00:05:41.189 --> 00:05:41.199 align:start position:0% and to change the parameters so you're 00:05:41.199 --> 00:05:42.230 align:start position:0% and to change the parameters so you're switching<00:05:41.520> between 00:05:42.230 --> 00:05:42.240 align:start position:0% switching between 00:05:42.240 --> 00:05:45.430 align:start position:0% switching between the<00:05:42.560> fully<00:05:42.880> autonomous<00:05:43.440> to<00:05:43.600> fully<00:05:44.080> human<00:05:44.479> mode 00:05:45.430 --> 00:05:45.440 align:start position:0% the fully autonomous to fully human mode 00:05:45.440 --> 00:05:47.830 align:start position:0% the fully autonomous to fully human mode i<00:05:45.680> had<00:05:46.000> several<00:05:46.560> goes<00:05:46.880> at<00:05:46.960> that<00:05:47.280> the<00:05:47.440> first 00:05:47.830 --> 00:05:47.840 align:start position:0% i had several goes at that the first 00:05:47.840 --> 00:05:50.469 align:start position:0% i had several goes at that the first vehicle<00:05:48.240> was<00:05:48.400> simply<00:05:48.720> one<00:05:49.039> where<00:05:49.199> you 00:05:50.469 --> 00:05:50.479 align:start position:0% vehicle was simply one where you 00:05:50.479 --> 00:05:53.749 align:start position:0% vehicle was simply one where you moved<00:05:50.800> the<00:05:50.960> joystick<00:05:51.520> and<00:05:52.400> had<00:05:53.039> indications 00:05:53.749 --> 00:05:53.759 align:start position:0% moved the joystick and had indications 00:05:53.759 --> 00:05:55.990 align:start position:0% moved the joystick and had indications of<00:05:53.840> where<00:05:54.080> you<00:05:54.160> could<00:05:54.400> go<00:05:54.639> safely<00:05:55.199> and 00:05:55.990 --> 00:05:56.000 align:start position:0% of where you could go safely and 00:05:56.000 --> 00:05:58.309 align:start position:0% of where you could go safely and shifting<00:05:56.400> around<00:05:57.360> the<00:05:57.600> second<00:05:57.919> version<00:05:58.240> of 00:05:58.309 --> 00:05:58.319 align:start position:0% shifting around the second version of 00:05:58.319 --> 00:06:00.950 align:start position:0% shifting around the second version of that<00:05:58.560> was<00:05:58.800> where<00:05:58.960> you<00:05:59.199> had 00:06:00.950 --> 00:06:00.960 align:start position:0% that was where you had 00:06:00.960 --> 00:06:03.110 align:start position:0% that was where you had an<00:06:01.120> eye<00:06:01.360> gaze<00:06:01.680> tracker<00:06:02.080> looking<00:06:02.479> back<00:06:02.720> at<00:06:02.880> the 00:06:03.110 --> 00:06:03.120 align:start position:0% an eye gaze tracker looking back at the 00:06:03.120 --> 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eyeballs<00:06:11.280> not<00:06:11.440> even<00:06:11.680> your 00:06:11.749 --> 00:06:11.759 align:start position:0% just where your eyeballs not even your 00:06:11.759 --> 00:06:12.710 align:start position:0% just where your eyeballs not even your head<00:06:12.000> necessarily 00:06:12.710 --> 00:06:12.720 align:start position:0% head necessarily 00:06:12.720 --> 00:06:15.110 align:start position:0% head necessarily keep<00:06:12.880> your<00:06:12.960> head<00:06:13.120> still<00:06:13.440> and<00:06:13.520> look<00:06:13.759> sideways 00:06:15.110 --> 00:06:15.120 align:start position:0% keep your head still and look sideways 00:06:15.120 --> 00:06:16.950 align:start position:0% keep your head still and look sideways and<00:06:15.600> that<00:06:15.840> turned<00:06:16.160> out<00:06:16.319> to<00:06:16.400> be 00:06:16.950 --> 00:06:16.960 align:start position:0% and that turned out to be 00:06:16.960 --> 00:06:19.270 align:start position:0% and that turned out to be very<00:06:17.199> successful<00:06:18.000> technically<00:06:18.560> but 00:06:19.270 --> 00:06:19.280 align:start position:0% very successful technically but 00:06:19.280 --> 00:06:21.110 align:start position:0% very successful technically but incredibly<00:06:20.080> expensive<00:06:20.479> so<00:06:20.639> no<00:06:20.800> one's<00:06:20.960> going 00:06:21.110 --> 00:06:21.120 align:start position:0% incredibly expensive so no one's going 00:06:21.120 --> 00:06:22.629 align:start position:0% incredibly expensive so no one's going to<00:06:21.199> work<00:06:21.440> with<00:06:21.600> that 00:06:22.629 --> 00:06:22.639 align:start position:0% to work with that 00:06:22.639 --> 00:06:24.629 align:start position:0% to work with that then<00:06:22.880> i<00:06:22.960> had<00:06:23.039> a<00:06:23.199> variant<00:06:23.680> of<00:06:23.759> that<00:06:24.080> which<00:06:24.240> was<00:06:24.479> a 00:06:24.629 --> 00:06:24.639 align:start position:0% then i had a variant of that which was a 00:06:24.639 --> 00:06:26.390 align:start position:0% then i had a variant of that which was a walking<00:06:25.039> frame<00:06:25.360> that<00:06:25.520> was<00:06:25.759> motorized 00:06:26.390 --> 00:06:26.400 align:start position:0% walking frame that was motorized 00:06:26.400 --> 00:06:28.390 align:start position:0% walking frame that was motorized actually<00:06:26.720> converts<00:06:27.199> into<00:06:27.440> a<00:06:27.520> wheelchair 00:06:28.390 --> 00:06:28.400 align:start position:0% actually converts into a wheelchair 00:06:28.400 --> 00:06:30.230 align:start position:0% actually converts into a wheelchair again<00:06:28.800> with<00:06:28.960> the<00:06:29.120> same<00:06:29.360> thing<00:06:29.759> the<00:06:29.919> last 00:06:30.230 --> 00:06:30.240 align:start position:0% again with the same thing the last 00:06:30.240 --> 00:06:32.309 align:start position:0% again with the same thing the last version<00:06:30.560> is<00:06:30.720> using<00:06:31.039> the<00:06:31.120> kinect 00:06:32.309 --> 00:06:32.319 align:start position:0% version is using the kinect 00:06:32.319 --> 00:06:34.870 align:start position:0% version is using the kinect sensor<00:06:32.800> which<00:06:33.039> now<00:06:33.280> brings<00:06:33.600> the<00:06:33.680> price<00:06:34.080> down 00:06:34.870 --> 00:06:34.880 align:start position:0% sensor which now brings the price down 00:06:34.880 --> 00:06:36.070 align:start position:0% sensor which now brings the price down one<00:06:35.120> connect<00:06:35.440> sensor 00:06:36.070 --> 00:06:36.080 align:start position:0% one connect sensor 00:06:36.080 --> 00:06:38.390 align:start position:0% one connect sensor feeding<00:06:36.560> forward<00:06:37.039> to<00:06:37.440> work<00:06:37.759> out<00:06:37.840> the<00:06:38.000> obstacle 00:06:38.390 --> 00:06:38.400 align:start position:0% feeding forward to work out the obstacle 00:06:38.400 --> 00:06:40.390 align:start position:0% feeding forward to work out the obstacle space<00:06:38.880> one<00:06:39.039> for<00:06:39.199> you<00:06:39.440> back<00:06:39.680> to<00:06:39.840> see<00:06:40.000> what<00:06:40.240> the 00:06:40.390 --> 00:06:40.400 align:start position:0% space one for you back to see what the 00:06:40.400 --> 00:06:42.629 align:start position:0% space one for you back to see what the user<00:06:40.720> is<00:06:40.880> doing<00:06:41.120> for<00:06:41.280> gestures 00:06:42.629 --> 00:06:42.639 align:start position:0% user is doing for gestures 00:06:42.639 --> 00:06:45.110 align:start position:0% user is doing for gestures so<00:06:42.880> i<00:06:43.120> guess<00:06:43.360> i've<00:06:43.520> mixed<00:06:44.400> my<00:06:44.720> interest 00:06:45.110 --> 00:06:45.120 align:start position:0% so i guess i've mixed my interest 00:06:45.120 --> 00:06:46.070 align:start position:0% so i guess i've mixed my interest between 00:06:46.070 --> 00:06:46.080 align:start position:0% between 00:06:46.080 --> 00:06:50.790 align:start position:0% between path<00:06:46.400> planning<00:06:47.680> vision<00:06:48.960> robotic<00:06:49.440> navigation 00:06:50.790 --> 00:06:50.800 align:start position:0% path planning vision robotic navigation 00:06:50.800 --> 00:06:54.309 align:start position:0% path planning vision robotic navigation and<00:06:51.039> generally<00:06:51.440> have<00:06:51.680> been<00:06:53.280> absolutely 00:06:54.309 --> 00:06:54.319 align:start position:0% and generally have been absolutely 00:06:54.319 --> 00:06:56.309 align:start position:0% and generally have been absolutely convinced<00:06:54.800> that<00:06:55.039> experimentation<00:06:55.919> is<00:06:56.080> then 00:06:56.309 --> 00:06:56.319 align:start position:0% convinced that experimentation is then 00:06:56.319 --> 00:06:57.589 align:start position:0% convinced that experimentation is then going<00:06:56.479> to<00:06:56.560> go<00:06:56.880> i<00:06:57.039> have 00:06:57.589 --> 00:06:57.599 align:start position:0% going to go i have 00:06:57.599 --> 00:07:00.870 align:start position:0% going to go i have developed<00:06:58.000> a<00:06:58.080> few<00:06:58.319> theoretical<00:07:00.160> ideas<00:07:00.639> on 00:07:00.870 --> 00:07:00.880 align:start position:0% developed a few theoretical ideas on 00:07:00.880 --> 00:07:04.950 align:start position:0% developed a few theoretical ideas on clustering<00:07:02.160> on<00:07:03.680> distance<00:07:04.240> transform 00:07:04.950 --> 00:07:04.960 align:start position:0% clustering on distance transform 00:07:04.960 --> 00:07:08.230 align:start position:0% clustering on distance transform methodology<00:07:05.840> for<00:07:06.639> navigation<00:07:07.680> and 00:07:08.230 --> 00:07:08.240 align:start position:0% methodology for navigation and 00:07:08.240 --> 00:07:10.950 align:start position:0% methodology for navigation and complex<00:07:08.720> hull<00:07:09.199> sort<00:07:09.360> of<00:07:09.520> geometric<00:07:10.639> some 00:07:10.950 --> 00:07:10.960 align:start position:0% complex hull sort of geometric some 00:07:10.960 --> 00:07:13.110 align:start position:0% complex hull sort of geometric some computational<00:07:11.919> geometry 00:07:13.110 --> 00:07:13.120 align:start position:0% computational geometry 00:07:13.120 --> 00:07:14.870 align:start position:0% computational geometry so<00:07:13.280> i've<00:07:13.360> done<00:07:13.599> a<00:07:13.680> few<00:07:14.000> theoretical<00:07:14.639> things 00:07:14.870 --> 00:07:14.880 align:start position:0% so i've done a few theoretical things 00:07:14.880 --> 00:07:16.870 align:start position:0% so i've done a few theoretical things that<00:07:15.039> have<00:07:15.360> solid 00:07:16.870 --> 00:07:16.880 align:start position:0% that have solid 00:07:16.880 --> 00:07:19.350 align:start position:0% that have solid founding<00:07:17.280> but<00:07:17.440> most<00:07:17.680> of<00:07:17.840> my<00:07:18.080> interests<00:07:18.560> are 00:07:19.350 --> 00:07:19.360 align:start position:0% founding but most of my interests are 00:07:19.360 --> 00:07:20.469 align:start position:0% founding but most of my interests are making<00:07:19.680> things 00:07:20.469 --> 00:07:20.479 align:start position:0% making things 00:07:20.479 --> 00:07:25.270 align:start position:0% making things work<00:07:20.800> in<00:07:20.960> physical<00:07:21.440> space<00:07:22.720> and<00:07:23.039> to 00:07:25.270 --> 00:07:25.280 align:start position:0% work in physical space and to 00:07:25.280 --> 00:07:28.070 align:start position:0% work in physical space and to show<00:07:25.599> i<00:07:25.759> suppose<00:07:26.160> the<00:07:26.240> relationship<00:07:27.280> between 00:07:28.070 --> 00:07:28.080 align:start position:0% show i suppose the relationship between 00:07:28.080 --> 00:07:29.029 align:start position:0% show i suppose the relationship between concepts<00:07:28.720> and 00:07:29.029 --> 00:07:29.039 align:start position:0% concepts and 00:07:29.039 --> 00:07:31.510 align:start position:0% concepts and reality<00:07:29.840> and<00:07:30.639> adjustments<00:07:31.280> that<00:07:31.440> are 00:07:31.510 --> 00:07:31.520 align:start position:0% reality and adjustments that are 00:07:31.520 --> 00:07:32.790 align:start position:0% reality and adjustments that are required<00:07:32.000> to 00:07:32.790 --> 00:07:32.800 align:start position:0% required to 00:07:32.800 --> 00:07:36.070 align:start position:0% required to take<00:07:33.759> the 00:07:36.070 --> 00:07:36.080 align:start position:0% 00:07:36.080 --> 00:07:38.790 align:start position:0% existence<00:07:36.800> in<00:07:37.039> in<00:07:37.199> a<00:07:37.280> clustered<00:07:38.000> space<00:07:38.479> into 00:07:38.790 --> 00:07:38.800 align:start position:0% existence in in a clustered space into 00:07:38.800 --> 00:07:41.990 align:start position:0% existence in in a clustered space into account 00:07:41.990 --> 00:07:42.000 align:start position:0% 00:07:42.000 --> 00:07:45.029 align:start position:0% my<00:07:42.240> ongoing<00:07:42.720> interests<00:07:43.440> remain<00:07:44.160> in<00:07:44.639> the<00:07:44.800> area 00:07:45.029 --> 00:07:45.039 align:start position:0% my ongoing interests remain in the area 00:07:45.039 --> 00:07:46.230 align:start position:0% my ongoing interests remain in the area of 00:07:46.230 --> 00:07:46.240 align:start position:0% of 00:07:46.240 --> 00:07:50.230 align:start position:0% of human<00:07:47.280> machine<00:07:47.680> interactions<00:07:48.560> and 00:07:50.230 --> 00:07:50.240 align:start position:0% human machine interactions and 00:07:50.240 --> 00:07:52.790 align:start position:0% human machine interactions and particularly<00:07:50.800> in<00:07:51.599> thinking<00:07:52.000> about<00:07:52.479> the 00:07:52.790 --> 00:07:52.800 align:start position:0% particularly in thinking about the 00:07:52.800 --> 00:07:54.629 align:start position:0% particularly in thinking about the different<00:07:53.199> types<00:07:53.520> of<00:07:53.759> intelligences 00:07:54.629 --> 00:07:54.639 align:start position:0% different types of intelligences 00:07:54.639 --> 00:07:56.550 align:start position:0% different types of intelligences required<00:07:55.280> for 00:07:56.550 --> 00:07:56.560 align:start position:0% required for 00:07:56.560 --> 00:07:59.589 align:start position:0% required for human<00:07:57.199> robot<00:07:57.759> interaction<00:07:58.560> and<00:07:58.960> i<00:07:59.199> had<00:07:59.360> this 00:07:59.589 --> 00:07:59.599 align:start position:0% human robot interaction and i had this 00:07:59.599 --> 00:08:00.869 align:start position:0% human robot interaction and i had this idea<00:07:59.919> that 00:08:00.869 --> 00:08:00.879 align:start position:0% idea that 00:08:00.879 --> 00:08:03.189 align:start position:0% idea that there<00:08:01.039> were<00:08:01.199> three<00:08:01.599> types<00:08:01.919> of<00:08:02.560> uh 00:08:03.189 --> 00:08:03.199 align:start position:0% there were three types of uh 00:08:03.199 --> 00:08:04.309 align:start position:0% there were three types of uh intelligence 00:08:04.309 --> 00:08:04.319 align:start position:0% intelligence 00:08:04.319 --> 00:08:06.550 align:start position:0% intelligence highly<00:08:04.720> related<00:08:05.440> first<00:08:05.759> i<00:08:05.840> call<00:08:06.080> spatial 00:08:06.550 --> 00:08:06.560 align:start position:0% highly related first i call spatial 00:08:06.560 --> 00:08:07.749 align:start position:0% highly related first i call spatial intelligence 00:08:07.749 --> 00:08:07.759 align:start position:0% intelligence 00:08:07.759 --> 00:08:09.510 align:start position:0% intelligence which<00:08:08.000> is<00:08:08.080> about<00:08:08.319> how<00:08:08.560> the<00:08:08.720> robot<00:08:09.039> can<00:08:09.280> find 00:08:09.510 --> 00:08:09.520 align:start position:0% which is about how the robot can find 00:08:09.520 --> 00:08:12.390 align:start position:0% which is about how the robot can find its<00:08:09.759> way<00:08:10.160> around<00:08:10.840> without<00:08:11.840> bumping<00:08:12.160> into 00:08:12.390 --> 00:08:12.400 align:start position:0% its way around without bumping into 00:08:12.400 --> 00:08:14.070 align:start position:0% its way around without bumping into things<00:08:12.800> in<00:08:12.879> an<00:08:13.039> efficient<00:08:13.520> way 00:08:14.070 --> 00:08:14.080 align:start position:0% things in an efficient way 00:08:14.080 --> 00:08:16.950 align:start position:0% things in an efficient way how<00:08:14.240> it<00:08:14.400> can<00:08:14.720> recognize<00:08:15.280> and<00:08:15.360> handle<00:08:15.759> objects 00:08:16.950 --> 00:08:16.960 align:start position:0% how it can recognize and handle objects 00:08:16.960 --> 00:08:18.629 align:start position:0% how it can recognize and handle objects this<00:08:17.199> is<00:08:17.360> all<00:08:17.520> about<00:08:17.759> things<00:08:18.080> in<00:08:18.160> space<00:08:18.560> and 00:08:18.629 --> 00:08:18.639 align:start position:0% this is all about things in space and 00:08:18.639 --> 00:08:19.589 align:start position:0% this is all about things in space and what<00:08:18.879> they<00:08:19.120> are 00:08:19.589 --> 00:08:19.599 align:start position:0% what they are 00:08:19.599 --> 00:08:22.869 align:start position:0% what they are and<00:08:19.840> how<00:08:20.080> to<00:08:20.800> move<00:08:21.599> the<00:08:21.759> second<00:08:22.080> i<00:08:22.240> called 00:08:22.869 --> 00:08:22.879 align:start position:0% and how to move the second i called 00:08:22.879 --> 00:08:25.110 align:start position:0% and how to move the second i called transactional<00:08:24.080> now<00:08:24.319> some<00:08:24.479> of<00:08:24.560> the<00:08:24.639> computer 00:08:25.110 --> 00:08:25.120 align:start position:0% transactional now some of the computer 00:08:25.120 --> 00:08:25.990 align:start position:0% transactional now some of the computer scientists<00:08:25.680> would 00:08:25.990 --> 00:08:26.000 align:start position:0% scientists would 00:08:26.000 --> 00:08:28.710 align:start position:0% scientists would call<00:08:26.240> this<00:08:26.479> dialogue<00:08:27.120> i<00:08:27.280> call<00:08:27.520> it<00:08:27.599> transit<00:08:28.400> uh 00:08:28.710 --> 00:08:28.720 align:start position:0% call this dialogue i call it transit uh 00:08:28.720 --> 00:08:29.990 align:start position:0% call this dialogue i call it transit uh transactional 00:08:29.990 --> 00:08:30.000 align:start position:0% transactional 00:08:30.000 --> 00:08:32.389 align:start position:0% transactional because<00:08:30.400> it's<00:08:30.560> about<00:08:30.960> the<00:08:31.120> way<00:08:31.680> the<00:08:31.840> human<00:08:32.240> and 00:08:32.389 --> 00:08:32.399 align:start position:0% because it's about the way the human and 00:08:32.399 --> 00:08:33.909 align:start position:0% because it's about the way the human and the<00:08:32.479> robot<00:08:32.959> communicated 00:08:33.909 --> 00:08:33.919 align:start position:0% the robot communicated 00:08:33.919 --> 00:08:37.670 align:start position:0% the robot communicated but<00:08:34.159> beyond<00:08:34.560> that<00:08:35.440> how<00:08:35.760> the<00:08:36.640> robot<00:08:37.200> came<00:08:37.440> to 00:08:37.670 --> 00:08:37.680 align:start position:0% but beyond that how the robot came to 00:08:37.680 --> 00:08:38.949 align:start position:0% but beyond that how the robot came to understand 00:08:38.949 --> 00:08:38.959 align:start position:0% understand 00:08:38.959 --> 00:08:41.350 align:start position:0% understand what<00:08:39.120> the<00:08:39.279> human<00:08:39.680> required<00:08:40.240> but<00:08:40.479> within<00:08:41.120> its 00:08:41.350 --> 00:08:41.360 align:start position:0% what the human required but within its 00:08:41.360 --> 00:08:43.509 align:start position:0% what the human required but within its constraints<00:08:42.000> so<00:08:42.159> the<00:08:42.320> negotiation<00:08:43.279> took 00:08:43.509 --> 00:08:43.519 align:start position:0% constraints so the negotiation took 00:08:43.519 --> 00:08:44.550 align:start position:0% constraints so the negotiation took place 00:08:44.550 --> 00:08:44.560 align:start position:0% place 00:08:44.560 --> 00:08:46.870 align:start position:0% place to<00:08:44.959> get<00:08:45.279> the<00:08:45.440> robot<00:08:45.920> and<00:08:46.000> the<00:08:46.080> human<00:08:46.399> to<00:08:46.480> make<00:08:46.720> a 00:08:46.870 --> 00:08:46.880 align:start position:0% to get the robot and the human to make a 00:08:46.880 --> 00:08:49.430 align:start position:0% to get the robot and the human to make a deal<00:08:47.360> about<00:08:47.680> what<00:08:47.839> was<00:08:48.000> going<00:08:48.160> to<00:08:48.240> be<00:08:48.399> done 00:08:49.430 --> 00:08:49.440 align:start position:0% deal about what was going to be done 00:08:49.440 --> 00:08:50.949 align:start position:0% deal about what was going to be done and<00:08:49.600> that's<00:08:49.839> a<00:08:49.839> little<00:08:50.000> bit<00:08:50.160> more<00:08:50.399> than<00:08:50.640> just 00:08:50.949 --> 00:08:50.959 align:start position:0% and that's a little bit more than just 00:08:50.959 --> 00:08:53.110 align:start position:0% and that's a little bit more than just the<00:08:51.120> gesture<00:08:51.519> or<00:08:51.680> just<00:08:51.920> the<00:08:52.000> voice<00:08:52.320> or<00:08:52.560> just 00:08:53.110 --> 00:08:53.120 align:start position:0% the gesture or just the voice or just 00:08:53.120 --> 00:08:55.670 align:start position:0% the gesture or just the voice or just understanding<00:08:53.680> of<00:08:53.760> diet<00:08:54.800> the<00:08:54.959> third<00:08:55.279> level<00:08:55.519> i 00:08:55.670 --> 00:08:55.680 align:start position:0% understanding of diet the third level i 00:08:55.680 --> 00:08:58.870 align:start position:0% understanding of diet the third level i call<00:08:56.000> social<00:08:56.399> intelligence<00:08:57.120> is<00:08:57.360> how<00:08:57.600> to<00:08:57.760> have 00:08:58.870 --> 00:08:58.880 align:start position:0% call social intelligence is how to have 00:08:58.880 --> 00:09:01.990 align:start position:0% call social intelligence is how to have robots<00:08:59.600> mix<00:09:01.120> with<00:09:01.360> humans 00:09:01.990 --> 00:09:02.000 align:start position:0% robots mix with humans 00:09:02.000 --> 00:09:03.430 align:start position:0% robots mix with humans in<00:09:02.160> such<00:09:02.399> a<00:09:02.480> way<00:09:02.640> that<00:09:02.880> humans<00:09:03.200> feel 00:09:03.430 --> 00:09:03.440 align:start position:0% in such a way that humans feel 00:09:03.440 --> 00:09:05.509 align:start position:0% in such a way that humans feel comfortable<00:09:04.080> so<00:09:04.320> it's<00:09:04.480> not<00:09:04.720> just<00:09:05.040> fulfilling 00:09:05.509 --> 00:09:05.519 align:start position:0% comfortable so it's not just fulfilling 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00:09:30.790 --> 00:09:30.800 align:start position:0% flexibility and a bit of softness in the 00:09:30.800 --> 00:09:33.030 align:start position:0% flexibility and a bit of softness in the whole<00:09:31.040> pressure<00:09:31.440> and<00:09:31.519> i<00:09:31.760> think<00:09:31.920> that's<00:09:32.160> the 00:09:33.030 --> 00:09:33.040 align:start position:0% whole pressure and i think that's the 00:09:33.040 --> 00:09:35.030 align:start position:0% whole pressure and i think that's the one<00:09:33.200> of<00:09:33.279> the<00:09:33.360> hardest<00:09:33.839> areas<00:09:34.160> particularly<00:09:34.560> is 00:09:35.030 --> 00:09:35.040 align:start position:0% one of the hardest areas particularly is 00:09:35.040 --> 00:09:36.870 align:start position:0% one of the hardest areas particularly is extremely<00:09:35.839> hard<00:09:36.080> to<00:09:36.160> get<00:09:36.320> funding<00:09:36.640> in<00:09:36.720> that 00:09:36.870 --> 00:09:36.880 align:start position:0% extremely hard to get funding in that 00:09:36.880 --> 00:09:38.389 align:start position:0% extremely hard to get funding in that area<00:09:37.120> because<00:09:37.279> it<00:09:37.519> seems<00:09:37.920> too<00:09:38.080> much<00:09:38.240> like 00:09:38.389 --> 00:09:38.399 align:start position:0% area because it seems too much like 00:09:38.399 --> 00:09:40.389 align:start position:0% area because it seems too much like social<00:09:38.800> science<00:09:39.200> but<00:09:39.360> i<00:09:39.440> think<00:09:39.680> in<00:09:39.760> the<00:09:39.920> end 00:09:40.389 --> 00:09:40.399 align:start position:0% social science but i think in the end 00:09:40.399 --> 00:09:42.310 align:start position:0% social science but i think in the end we'll<00:09:40.640> have<00:09:40.800> to<00:09:40.959> master<00:09:41.360> that<00:09:41.600> part<00:09:41.920> as<00:09:42.080> long 00:09:42.310 --> 00:09:42.320 align:start position:0% we'll have to master that part as long 00:09:42.320 --> 00:09:44.710 align:start position:0% we'll have to master that part as long as<00:09:42.399> the<00:09:42.560> other<00:09:42.800> two<00:09:43.200> sort<00:09:43.440> of<00:09:43.920> layers 00:09:44.710 --> 00:09:44.720 align:start position:0% as the other two sort of layers 00:09:44.720 --> 00:09:47.910 align:start position:0% as the other two sort of layers so<00:09:45.040> that's<00:09:45.360> the<00:09:45.519> work<00:09:45.839> i'm<00:09:46.000> doing<00:09:46.480> now<00:09:47.440> i've 00:09:47.910 --> 00:09:47.920 align:start position:0% so that's the work i'm doing now i've 00:09:47.920 --> 00:09:50.070 align:start position:0% so that's the work i'm doing now i've sort<00:09:48.080> of<00:09:48.160> been<00:09:48.839> semi-retired 00:09:50.070 --> 00:09:50.080 align:start position:0% sort of been semi-retired 00:09:50.080 --> 00:09:52.550 align:start position:0% sort of been semi-retired and<00:09:50.880> hopefully<00:09:51.360> we'll<00:09:51.440> get<00:09:51.680> an<00:09:51.920> emeritus 00:09:52.550 --> 00:09:52.560 align:start position:0% and hopefully we'll get an emeritus 00:09:52.560 --> 00:09:55.110 align:start position:0% and hopefully we'll get an emeritus status<00:09:52.959> to<00:09:53.200> stay<00:09:53.440> linked<00:09:53.680> with<00:09:53.920> my 00:09:55.110 --> 00:09:55.120 align:start position:0% status to stay linked with my 00:09:55.120 --> 00:09:58.949 align:start position:0% status to stay linked with my equipment<00:09:55.839> and<00:09:56.399> colleagues<00:09:57.120> at<00:09:57.600> monash 00:09:58.949 --> 00:09:58.959 align:start position:0% equipment and colleagues at monash 00:09:58.959 --> 00:10:01.990 align:start position:0% equipment and colleagues at monash but<00:09:59.839> my<00:10:00.080> mentor's<00:10:00.880> interest<00:10:01.279> i<00:10:01.440> continue 00:10:01.990 --> 00:10:02.000 align:start position:0% but my mentor's interest i continue 00:10:02.000 --> 00:10:04.550 align:start position:0% but my mentor's interest i continue this<00:10:02.240> work<00:10:02.480> about<00:10:03.360> multiple<00:10:03.839> robots<00:10:04.399> in<00:10:04.480> a 00:10:04.550 --> 00:10:04.560 align:start position:0% this work about multiple robots in a 00:10:04.560 --> 00:10:07.910 align:start position:0% this work about multiple robots in a human<00:10:05.040> interactive<00:10:05.680> environment 00:10:07.910 --> 00:10:07.920 align:start position:0% human interactive environment 00:10:07.920 --> 00:10:10.310 align:start position:0% human interactive environment sensor<00:10:08.320> rich<00:10:08.800> mainly<00:10:09.120> interested<00:10:09.519> in<00:10:09.680> vision 00:10:10.310 --> 00:10:10.320 align:start position:0% sensor rich mainly interested in vision 00:10:10.320 --> 00:10:12.389 align:start position:0% sensor rich mainly interested in vision and<00:10:10.640> laser<00:10:10.959> range<00:10:11.279> finding 00:10:12.389 --> 00:10:12.399 align:start position:0% and laser range finding 00:10:12.399 --> 00:10:16.829 align:start position:0% and laser range finding navigation<00:10:14.720> gesture<00:10:15.120> recognition<00:10:15.839> voice 00:10:16.829 --> 00:10:16.839 align:start position:0% navigation gesture recognition voice 00:10:16.839 --> 00:10:19.990 align:start position:0% navigation gesture recognition voice and<00:10:18.160> somehow<00:10:18.720> protocols<00:10:19.440> for 00:10:19.990 --> 00:10:20.000 align:start position:0% and somehow protocols for 00:10:20.000 --> 00:10:23.670 align:start position:0% and somehow protocols for human<00:10:22.800> cultural 00:10:23.670 --> 00:10:23.680 align:start position:0% human cultural 00:10:23.680 --> 00:10:26.870 align:start position:0% human cultural limitations<00:10:24.480> on<00:10:24.640> behavior 00:10:26.870 --> 00:10:26.880 align:start position:0% limitations on behavior 00:10:26.880 --> 00:10:29.350 align:start position:0% limitations on behavior that's<00:10:27.120> what<00:10:27.279> probably<00:10:28.720> brings<00:10:28.959> me<00:10:29.120> up<00:10:29.200> to 00:10:29.350 --> 00:10:29.360 align:start position:0% that's what probably brings me up to 00:10:29.360 --> 00:10:30.790 align:start position:0% that's what probably brings me up to date 00:10:30.790 --> 00:10:30.800 align:start position:0% date 00:10:30.800 --> 00:10:34.310 align:start position:0% date that<00:10:31.040> is<00:10:31.200> a<00:10:31.360> great<00:10:31.760> summary<00:10:33.519> so<00:10:33.760> we're<00:10:34.000> going 00:10:34.310 --> 00:10:34.320 align:start position:0% that is a great summary so we're going 00:10:34.320 --> 00:10:35.030 align:start position:0% that is a great summary so we're going to 00:10:35.030 --> 00:10:35.040 align:start position:0% to 00:10:35.040 --> 00:10:37.670 align:start position:0% to um<00:10:35.360> to<00:10:35.519> try<00:10:35.760> to<00:10:35.920> delve<00:10:36.800> into<00:10:37.040> some<00:10:37.200> of<00:10:37.360> those 00:10:37.670 --> 00:10:37.680 align:start position:0% um to try to delve into some of those 00:10:37.680 --> 00:10:38.630 align:start position:0% um to try to delve into some of those episodes<00:10:38.240> of 00:10:38.630 --> 00:10:38.640 align:start position:0% episodes of 00:10:38.640 --> 00:10:40.069 align:start position:0% episodes of into<00:10:38.880> the<00:10:39.040> different<00:10:39.279> projects<00:10:39.760> and<00:10:39.839> some<00:10:40.000> of 00:10:40.069 --> 00:10:40.079 align:start position:0% into the different projects and some of 00:10:40.079 --> 00:10:41.910 align:start position:0% into the different projects and some of the<00:10:40.880> um 00:10:41.910 --> 00:10:41.920 align:start position:0% the um 00:10:41.920 --> 00:10:43.509 align:start position:0% the um the<00:10:42.079> details<00:10:42.800> of<00:10:42.880> things<00:10:43.120> that<00:10:43.200> you<00:10:43.360> were 00:10:43.509 --> 00:10:43.519 align:start position:0% the details of things that you were 00:10:43.519 --> 00:10:45.190 align:start position:0% the details of things that you were interested<00:10:43.920> in<00:10:44.079> and<00:10:44.160> the<00:10:44.320> kinds<00:10:44.640> of 00:10:45.190 --> 00:10:45.200 align:start position:0% interested in and the kinds of 00:10:45.200 --> 00:10:47.990 align:start position:0% interested in and the kinds of technical<00:10:45.839> and<00:10:46.800> conceptual<00:10:47.360> challenges<00:10:47.839> that 00:10:47.990 --> 00:10:48.000 align:start position:0% technical and conceptual challenges that 00:10:48.000 --> 00:10:49.110 align:start position:0% technical and conceptual challenges that you<00:10:48.079> were<00:10:48.240> dealing<00:10:48.560> with 00:10:49.110 --> 00:10:49.120 align:start position:0% you were dealing with 00:10:49.120 --> 00:10:52.550 align:start position:0% you were dealing with um<00:10:49.440> so<00:10:49.600> if<00:10:49.760> we<00:10:49.920> could<00:10:50.160> start<00:10:50.560> with<00:10:50.800> when<00:10:50.959> you<00:10:52.000> uh 00:10:52.550 --> 00:10:52.560 align:start position:0% um so if we could start with when you uh 00:10:52.560 --> 00:10:55.670 align:start position:0% um so if we could start with when you uh well<00:10:53.040> before<00:10:53.360> we<00:10:53.600> start<00:10:53.839> with<00:10:54.000> your<00:10:54.160> phd<00:10:55.360> i<00:10:55.440> was 00:10:55.670 --> 00:10:55.680 align:start position:0% well before we start with your phd i was 00:10:55.680 --> 00:10:56.230 align:start position:0% well before we start with your phd i was curious 00:10:56.230 --> 00:10:56.240 align:start position:0% curious 00:10:56.240 --> 00:10:58.069 align:start position:0% curious how<00:10:56.399> did<00:10:56.560> you<00:10:56.720> decide<00:10:57.120> you<00:10:57.279> wanted<00:10:57.519> to<00:10:57.680> go<00:10:57.920> into 00:10:58.069 --> 00:10:58.079 align:start position:0% how did you decide you wanted to go into 00:10:58.079 --> 00:10:59.509 align:start position:0% how did you decide you wanted to go into electrical<00:10:58.560> engineering<00:10:59.120> in<00:10:59.200> the<00:10:59.279> first 00:10:59.509 --> 00:10:59.519 align:start position:0% electrical engineering in the first 00:10:59.519 --> 00:11:01.670 align:start position:0% electrical engineering in the first place<00:10:59.839> oh<00:11:00.079> okay<00:11:00.399> i<00:11:00.560> i<00:11:00.720> guess<00:11:00.959> i<00:11:01.120> was<00:11:01.279> interested 00:11:01.670 --> 00:11:01.680 align:start position:0% place oh okay i i guess i was interested 00:11:01.680 --> 00:11:04.470 align:start position:0% place oh okay i i guess i was interested in<00:11:01.839> making<00:11:02.240> things 00:11:04.470 --> 00:11:04.480 align:start position:0% in making things 00:11:04.480 --> 00:11:07.269 align:start position:0% in making things as<00:11:04.800> as<00:11:05.040> a<00:11:05.120> kid<00:11:05.680> i<00:11:06.000> was<00:11:06.240> always<00:11:06.480> making<00:11:06.880> things 00:11:07.269 --> 00:11:07.279 align:start position:0% as as a kid i was always making things 00:11:07.279 --> 00:11:08.790 align:start position:0% as as a kid i was always making things like 00:11:08.790 --> 00:11:08.800 align:start position:0% like 00:11:08.800 --> 00:11:13.670 align:start position:0% like projectors<00:11:09.440> for<00:11:10.160> film<00:11:10.720> for<00:11:11.680> photography<00:11:12.560> or 00:11:13.670 --> 00:11:13.680 align:start position:0% projectors for film for photography or 00:11:13.680 --> 00:11:17.110 align:start position:0% projectors for film for photography or models<00:11:14.079> of<00:11:14.240> things<00:11:15.600> and<00:11:16.320> i<00:11:16.480> always<00:11:16.720> had<00:11:16.880> this 00:11:17.110 --> 00:11:17.120 align:start position:0% models of things and i always had this 00:11:17.120 --> 00:11:18.790 align:start position:0% models of things and i always had this notion<00:11:17.519> that<00:11:17.680> i<00:11:17.760> would<00:11:18.000> like<00:11:18.240> to<00:11:18.399> be<00:11:18.560> in<00:11:18.720> a 00:11:18.790 --> 00:11:18.800 align:start position:0% notion that i would like to be in a 00:11:18.800 --> 00:11:20.310 align:start position:0% notion that i would like to be in a situation<00:11:19.279> where<00:11:19.440> i<00:11:19.519> could<00:11:19.760> make<00:11:20.000> things<00:11:20.160> but 00:11:20.310 --> 00:11:20.320 align:start position:0% situation where i could make things but 00:11:20.320 --> 00:11:21.910 align:start position:0% situation where i could make things but i<00:11:20.399> didn't<00:11:20.640> really<00:11:20.959> know<00:11:21.200> whether<00:11:21.519> it<00:11:21.519> was<00:11:21.760> you 00:11:21.910 --> 00:11:21.920 align:start position:0% i didn't really know whether it was you 00:11:21.920 --> 00:11:22.150 align:start position:0% i didn't really know whether it was you know 00:11:22.150 --> 00:11:22.160 align:start position:0% know 00:11:22.160 --> 00:11:25.350 align:start position:0% know bridges<00:11:23.440> electrical<00:11:24.079> things<00:11:24.480> or<00:11:24.640> mechanical 00:11:25.350 --> 00:11:25.360 align:start position:0% bridges electrical things or mechanical 00:11:25.360 --> 00:11:26.230 align:start position:0% bridges electrical things or mechanical things 00:11:26.230 --> 00:11:26.240 align:start position:0% things 00:11:26.240 --> 00:11:28.870 align:start position:0% things and<00:11:26.399> i<00:11:26.560> suppose<00:11:27.440> i<00:11:27.600> didn't<00:11:28.160> decide<00:11:28.640> that 00:11:28.870 --> 00:11:28.880 align:start position:0% and i suppose i didn't decide that 00:11:28.880 --> 00:11:30.710 align:start position:0% and i suppose i didn't decide that strongly<00:11:29.279> in<00:11:29.360> term<00:11:29.600> i<00:11:29.760> was<00:11:29.839> in<00:11:30.000> my<00:11:30.160> final<00:11:30.480> year 00:11:30.710 --> 00:11:30.720 align:start position:0% strongly in term i was in my final year 00:11:30.720 --> 00:11:31.509 align:start position:0% strongly in term i was in my final year high<00:11:30.959> school 00:11:31.509 --> 00:11:31.519 align:start position:0% high school 00:11:31.519 --> 00:11:34.230 align:start position:0% high school and<00:11:31.760> it<00:11:32.000> seemed<00:11:32.240> to<00:11:32.399> me<00:11:32.640> that<00:11:33.839> electrical 00:11:34.230 --> 00:11:34.240 align:start position:0% and it seemed to me that electrical 00:11:34.240 --> 00:11:34.949 align:start position:0% and it seemed to me that electrical engineering 00:11:34.949 --> 00:11:34.959 align:start position:0% engineering 00:11:34.959 --> 00:11:38.230 align:start position:0% engineering appealed<00:11:35.360> to<00:11:35.519> me<00:11:35.680> more<00:11:36.000> because<00:11:37.760> it<00:11:38.000> looked 00:11:38.230 --> 00:11:38.240 align:start position:0% appealed to me more because it looked 00:11:38.240 --> 00:11:39.350 align:start position:0% appealed to me more because it looked like<00:11:38.480> it<00:11:38.480> was<00:11:38.800> going<00:11:38.959> to 00:11:39.350 --> 00:11:39.360 align:start position:0% like it was going to 00:11:39.360 --> 00:11:42.069 align:start position:0% like it was going to explode<00:11:39.920> into<00:11:40.399> lots<00:11:40.640> of<00:11:41.200> different<00:11:41.519> areas<00:11:41.920> and 00:11:42.069 --> 00:11:42.079 align:start position:0% explode into lots of different areas and 00:11:42.079 --> 00:11:44.389 align:start position:0% explode into lots of different areas and as<00:11:42.240> i<00:11:42.320> got<00:11:42.480> more<00:11:42.640> and<00:11:42.720> more<00:11:42.959> into<00:11:43.200> it 00:11:44.389 --> 00:11:44.399 align:start position:0% as i got more and more into it 00:11:44.399 --> 00:11:46.710 align:start position:0% as i got more and more into it i<00:11:44.560> think<00:11:44.800> i<00:11:44.880> was<00:11:45.040> reasonably<00:11:45.600> pleased<00:11:46.240> with<00:11:46.480> my 00:11:46.710 --> 00:11:46.720 align:start position:0% i think i was reasonably pleased with my 00:11:46.720 --> 00:11:47.670 align:start position:0% i think i was reasonably pleased with my choice<00:11:46.959> so<00:11:47.120> i<00:11:47.279> never 00:11:47.670 --> 00:11:47.680 align:start position:0% choice so i never 00:11:47.680 --> 00:11:49.509 align:start position:0% choice so i never really<00:11:48.079> seriously<00:11:48.560> considered<00:11:49.040> moving 00:11:49.509 --> 00:11:49.519 align:start position:0% really seriously considered moving 00:11:49.519 --> 00:11:51.430 align:start position:0% really seriously considered moving sideways<00:11:50.160> into 00:11:51.430 --> 00:11:51.440 align:start position:0% sideways into 00:11:51.440 --> 00:11:55.110 align:start position:0% sideways into mechanical<00:11:52.240> civil<00:11:52.959> or<00:11:53.279> chemical<00:11:53.760> engineering 00:11:55.110 --> 00:11:55.120 align:start position:0% mechanical civil or chemical engineering 00:11:55.120 --> 00:11:58.069 align:start position:0% mechanical civil or chemical engineering i<00:11:55.279> went<00:11:55.519> to<00:11:55.680> a<00:11:56.480> school<00:11:56.880> i<00:11:56.959> went<00:11:57.120> to<00:11:57.360> at 00:11:58.069 --> 00:11:58.079 align:start position:0% i went to a school i went to at 00:11:58.079 --> 00:12:01.110 align:start position:0% i went to a school i went to at university<00:11:58.480> of<00:11:58.560> west<00:11:58.800> australia 00:12:01.110 --> 00:12:01.120 align:start position:0% university of west australia 00:12:01.120 --> 00:12:03.509 align:start position:0% university of west australia had<00:12:01.440> this<00:12:01.920> common<00:12:02.399> first<00:12:02.800> year<00:12:03.040> which<00:12:03.279> many 00:12:03.509 --> 00:12:03.519 align:start position:0% had this common first year which many 00:12:03.519 --> 00:12:04.150 align:start position:0% had this common first year which many eastern 00:12:04.150 --> 00:12:04.160 align:start position:0% eastern 00:12:04.160 --> 00:12:06.870 align:start position:0% eastern schools<00:12:04.639> had<00:12:04.880> but<00:12:05.040> then<00:12:05.279> i<00:12:05.360> kind<00:12:05.600> of<00:12:06.240> split<00:12:06.639> up 00:12:06.870 --> 00:12:06.880 align:start position:0% schools had but then i kind of split up 00:12:06.880 --> 00:12:08.949 align:start position:0% schools had but then i kind of split up into<00:12:07.120> specialities<00:12:08.000> but<00:12:08.160> in<00:12:08.320> fact 00:12:08.949 --> 00:12:08.959 align:start position:0% into specialities but in fact 00:12:08.959 --> 00:12:11.110 align:start position:0% into specialities but in fact there<00:12:09.120> were<00:12:09.360> still<00:12:09.600> some<00:12:09.839> common<00:12:10.399> uh<00:12:10.720> courses 00:12:11.110 --> 00:12:11.120 align:start position:0% there were still some common uh courses 00:12:11.120 --> 00:12:12.069 align:start position:0% there were still some common uh courses that<00:12:11.279> were<00:12:11.440> run 00:12:12.069 --> 00:12:12.079 align:start position:0% that were run 00:12:12.079 --> 00:12:14.230 align:start position:0% that were run right<00:12:12.399> up<00:12:12.560> into<00:12:12.800> my<00:12:13.040> third<00:12:13.360> year<00:12:13.920> it<00:12:14.000> was 00:12:14.230 --> 00:12:14.240 align:start position:0% right up into my third year it was 00:12:14.240 --> 00:12:16.069 align:start position:0% right up into my third year it was actually<00:12:14.480> a<00:12:14.560> five-year<00:12:14.959> degree 00:12:16.069 --> 00:12:16.079 align:start position:0% actually a five-year degree 00:12:16.079 --> 00:12:18.389 align:start position:0% actually a five-year degree so<00:12:16.320> the<00:12:16.480> specialization<00:12:17.279> only<00:12:17.519> came<00:12:17.920> halfway 00:12:18.389 --> 00:12:18.399 align:start position:0% so the specialization only came halfway 00:12:18.399 --> 00:12:20.069 align:start position:0% so the specialization only came halfway through<00:12:18.560> the<00:12:18.720> fourth<00:12:19.040> year<00:12:19.360> and<00:12:19.600> then 00:12:20.069 --> 00:12:20.079 align:start position:0% through the fourth year and then 00:12:20.079 --> 00:12:22.870 align:start position:0% through the fourth year and then continued<00:12:20.639> the<00:12:20.800> fifth<00:12:21.120> so<00:12:22.079> i'm<00:12:22.560> actually 00:12:22.870 --> 00:12:22.880 align:start position:0% continued the fifth so i'm actually 00:12:22.880 --> 00:12:23.670 align:start position:0% continued the fifth so i'm actually looking<00:12:23.279> back 00:12:23.670 --> 00:12:23.680 align:start position:0% looking back 00:12:23.680 --> 00:12:26.629 align:start position:0% looking back enjoyed<00:12:24.240> the<00:12:25.120> mixtures<00:12:25.680> of<00:12:26.000> topics<00:12:26.480> for 00:12:26.629 --> 00:12:26.639 align:start position:0% enjoyed the mixtures of topics for 00:12:26.639 --> 00:12:27.269 align:start position:0% enjoyed the mixtures of topics for example 00:12:27.269 --> 00:12:27.279 align:start position:0% example 00:12:27.279 --> 00:12:29.750 align:start position:0% example in<00:12:27.360> addition<00:12:27.839> to<00:12:28.000> electrical<00:12:28.480> engineering<00:12:29.600> i 00:12:29.750 --> 00:12:29.760 align:start position:0% in addition to electrical engineering i 00:12:29.760 --> 00:12:31.110 align:start position:0% in addition to electrical engineering i learnt<00:12:30.079> a<00:12:30.160> lot<00:12:30.320> about 00:12:31.110 --> 00:12:31.120 align:start position:0% learnt a lot about 00:12:31.120 --> 00:12:34.150 align:start position:0% learnt a lot about mechanical<00:12:31.760> design<00:12:32.320> about<00:12:32.800> surveying 00:12:34.150 --> 00:12:34.160 align:start position:0% mechanical design about surveying 00:12:34.160 --> 00:12:37.670 align:start position:0% mechanical design about surveying about<00:12:34.720> strength<00:12:35.120> of<00:12:35.279> structures<00:12:37.120> material 00:12:37.670 --> 00:12:37.680 align:start position:0% about strength of structures material 00:12:37.680 --> 00:12:38.389 align:start position:0% about strength of structures material science 00:12:38.389 --> 00:12:38.399 align:start position:0% science 00:12:38.399 --> 00:12:40.629 align:start position:0% science and<00:12:38.639> a<00:12:38.800> great<00:12:39.040> variety<00:12:39.440> of<00:12:39.600> things<00:12:39.920> which<00:12:40.480> i 00:12:40.629 --> 00:12:40.639 align:start position:0% and a great variety of things which i 00:12:40.639 --> 00:12:41.910 align:start position:0% and a great variety of things which i suppose<00:12:41.120> at<00:12:41.200> the<00:12:41.360> time<00:12:41.600> we 00:12:41.910 --> 00:12:41.920 align:start position:0% suppose at the time we 00:12:41.920 --> 00:12:44.470 align:start position:0% suppose at the time we did<00:12:42.160> not<00:12:42.399> think<00:12:42.639> were<00:12:42.880> relevant<00:12:43.760> and<00:12:43.920> in<00:12:44.160> most 00:12:44.470 --> 00:12:44.480 align:start position:0% did not think were relevant and in most 00:12:44.480 --> 00:12:45.910 align:start position:0% did not think were relevant and in most areas<00:12:44.800> of<00:12:44.880> electric<00:12:45.120> engineering<00:12:45.600> would<00:12:45.760> not 00:12:45.910 --> 00:12:45.920 align:start position:0% areas of electric engineering would not 00:12:45.920 --> 00:12:47.590 align:start position:0% areas of electric engineering would not have<00:12:46.000> been<00:12:46.160> relevant<00:12:46.639> but<00:12:46.880> in<00:12:47.040> robotics 00:12:47.590 --> 00:12:47.600 align:start position:0% have been relevant but in robotics 00:12:47.600 --> 00:12:49.509 align:start position:0% have been relevant but in robotics happened<00:12:47.920> to<00:12:48.000> be<00:12:48.160> incredibly<00:12:48.720> relevant 00:12:49.509 --> 00:12:49.519 align:start position:0% happened to be incredibly relevant 00:12:49.519 --> 00:12:51.590 align:start position:0% happened to be incredibly relevant so<00:12:49.680> even<00:12:50.000> knowing<00:12:50.240> that<00:12:50.480> surveying<00:12:51.040> was<00:12:51.279> done 00:12:51.590 --> 00:12:51.600 align:start position:0% so even knowing that surveying was done 00:12:51.600 --> 00:12:53.190 align:start position:0% so even knowing that surveying was done is<00:12:51.839> a<00:12:51.920> huge<00:12:52.240> benefit<00:12:52.639> when<00:12:52.720> you<00:12:52.880> start<00:12:53.120> to 00:12:53.190 --> 00:12:53.200 align:start position:0% is a huge benefit when you start to 00:12:53.200 --> 00:12:54.230 align:start position:0% is a huge benefit when you start to think<00:12:53.440> about 00:12:54.230 --> 00:12:54.240 align:start position:0% think about 00:12:54.240 --> 00:12:56.790 align:start position:0% think about how<00:12:54.399> to<00:12:54.639> localize<00:12:55.279> a<00:12:55.440> robot<00:12:55.920> in<00:12:56.160> environments 00:12:56.790 --> 00:12:56.800 align:start position:0% how to localize a robot in environments 00:12:56.800 --> 00:12:58.790 align:start position:0% how to localize a robot in environments and<00:12:57.040> use<00:12:57.279> of<00:12:57.440> theater<00:12:57.920> lights<00:12:58.240> and 00:12:58.790 --> 00:12:58.800 align:start position:0% and use of theater lights and 00:12:58.800 --> 00:13:01.829 align:start position:0% and use of theater lights and lasers<00:12:59.200> and<00:12:59.279> all<00:12:59.440> this<00:12:59.600> kind<00:12:59.760> of<00:12:59.839> stuff 00:13:01.829 --> 00:13:01.839 align:start position:0% lasers and all this kind of stuff 00:13:01.839 --> 00:13:05.269 align:start position:0% lasers and all this kind of stuff i<00:13:02.160> also<00:13:03.680> remember<00:13:04.720> that 00:13:05.269 --> 00:13:05.279 align:start position:0% i also remember that 00:13:05.279 --> 00:13:08.310 align:start position:0% i also remember that we<00:13:05.440> were<00:13:05.680> taught<00:13:06.000> to<00:13:06.240> sketch<00:13:06.720> things<00:13:07.600> a<00:13:07.680> lot 00:13:08.310 --> 00:13:08.320 align:start position:0% we were taught to sketch things a lot 00:13:08.320 --> 00:13:10.069 align:start position:0% we were taught to sketch things a lot and<00:13:08.399> i<00:13:08.560> did<00:13:08.880> technical<00:13:09.440> drawing<00:13:09.839> in<00:13:09.920> high 00:13:10.069 --> 00:13:10.079 align:start position:0% and i did technical drawing in high 00:13:10.079 --> 00:13:11.670 align:start position:0% and i did technical drawing in high school<00:13:10.480> as<00:13:10.639> a<00:13:10.720> special 00:13:11.670 --> 00:13:11.680 align:start position:0% school as a special 00:13:11.680 --> 00:13:13.670 align:start position:0% school as a special subject<00:13:12.079> which<00:13:12.320> wasn't<00:13:12.639> taught<00:13:12.880> by<00:13:13.040> my<00:13:13.279> school 00:13:13.670 --> 00:13:13.680 align:start position:0% subject which wasn't taught by my school 00:13:13.680 --> 00:13:14.949 align:start position:0% subject which wasn't taught by my school actually<00:13:14.160> night<00:13:14.399> school<00:13:14.720> and 00:13:14.949 --> 00:13:14.959 align:start position:0% actually night school and 00:13:14.959 --> 00:13:16.629 align:start position:0% actually night school and technical<00:13:15.440> drawing<00:13:15.760> because<00:13:16.000> i<00:13:16.240> like<00:13:16.480> the 00:13:16.629 --> 00:13:16.639 align:start position:0% technical drawing because i like the 00:13:16.639 --> 00:13:18.389 align:start position:0% technical drawing because i like the idea<00:13:16.880> of<00:13:17.120> visualizing<00:13:17.760> so<00:13:17.920> i<00:13:18.000> think<00:13:18.160> that's 00:13:18.389 --> 00:13:18.399 align:start position:0% idea of visualizing so i think that's 00:13:18.399 --> 00:13:19.110 align:start position:0% idea of visualizing so i think that's where 00:13:19.110 --> 00:13:19.120 align:start position:0% where 00:13:19.120 --> 00:13:21.829 align:start position:0% where i<00:13:19.360> started<00:13:19.760> to<00:13:19.920> think<00:13:20.240> as<00:13:20.720> visualizing<00:13:21.519> things 00:13:21.829 --> 00:13:21.839 align:start position:0% i started to think as visualizing things 00:13:21.839 --> 00:13:22.389 align:start position:0% i started to think as visualizing things as<00:13:22.079> being 00:13:22.389 --> 00:13:22.399 align:start position:0% as being 00:13:22.399 --> 00:13:25.509 align:start position:0% as being the<00:13:22.560> thing<00:13:22.800> i<00:13:22.959> really<00:13:23.200> was<00:13:23.440> interested<00:13:25.279> do<00:13:25.440> you 00:13:25.509 --> 00:13:25.519 align:start position:0% the thing i really was interested do you 00:13:25.519 --> 00:13:26.470 align:start position:0% the thing i really was interested do you remember<00:13:25.839> any 00:13:26.470 --> 00:13:26.480 align:start position:0% remember any 00:13:26.480 --> 00:13:28.550 align:start position:0% remember any um<00:13:27.279> things<00:13:27.519> that<00:13:27.600> you<00:13:27.760> build<00:13:28.000> when<00:13:28.160> you're 00:13:28.550 --> 00:13:28.560 align:start position:0% um things that you build when you're 00:13:28.560 --> 00:13:30.069 align:start position:0% um things that you build when you're younger<00:13:28.880> that<00:13:29.120> really<00:13:29.360> stand<00:13:29.600> out<00:13:29.680> like<00:13:29.839> any 00:13:30.069 --> 00:13:30.079 align:start position:0% younger that really stand out like any 00:13:30.079 --> 00:13:31.190 align:start position:0% younger that really stand out like any specific 00:13:31.190 --> 00:13:31.200 align:start position:0% specific 00:13:31.200 --> 00:13:34.710 align:start position:0% specific problem<00:13:32.959> well<00:13:33.279> i<00:13:33.519> i<00:13:33.680> guess<00:13:33.920> i<00:13:34.000> did<00:13:34.240> build 00:13:34.710 --> 00:13:34.720 align:start position:0% problem well i i guess i did build 00:13:34.720 --> 00:13:37.030 align:start position:0% problem well i i guess i did build uh<00:13:35.040> a<00:13:35.200> number<00:13:35.519> of<00:13:35.600> different<00:13:36.000> versions<00:13:36.480> of 00:13:37.030 --> 00:13:37.040 align:start position:0% uh a number of different versions of 00:13:37.040 --> 00:13:38.790 align:start position:0% uh a number of different versions of photographic<00:13:37.760> enlarges<00:13:38.399> and 00:13:38.790 --> 00:13:38.800 align:start position:0% photographic enlarges and 00:13:38.800 --> 00:13:41.030 align:start position:0% photographic enlarges and projections<00:13:39.360> and<00:13:39.519> i<00:13:39.680> built<00:13:39.920> models<00:13:40.320> of<00:13:40.480> boats 00:13:41.030 --> 00:13:41.040 align:start position:0% projections and i built models of boats 00:13:41.040 --> 00:13:43.189 align:start position:0% projections and i built models of boats and<00:13:41.360> things<00:13:41.680> like<00:13:41.920> that<00:13:42.320> and 00:13:43.189 --> 00:13:43.199 align:start position:0% and things like that and 00:13:43.199 --> 00:13:45.670 align:start position:0% and things like that and my<00:13:43.440> brother<00:13:44.399> went<00:13:44.639> into<00:13:44.880> chemistry<00:13:45.360> and<00:13:45.440> used 00:13:45.670 --> 00:13:45.680 align:start position:0% my brother went into chemistry and used 00:13:45.680 --> 00:13:47.590 align:start position:0% my brother went into chemistry and used to<00:13:45.760> make<00:13:46.000> explosive<00:13:46.720> things<00:13:47.040> i<00:13:47.199> enjoyed 00:13:47.590 --> 00:13:47.600 align:start position:0% to make explosive things i enjoyed 00:13:47.600 --> 00:13:49.430 align:start position:0% to make explosive things i enjoyed making<00:13:47.920> things<00:13:48.240> that<00:13:48.480> shot 00:13:49.430 --> 00:13:49.440 align:start position:0% making things that shot 00:13:49.440 --> 00:13:51.269 align:start position:0% making things that shot rocks<00:13:49.839> out<00:13:50.000> of<00:13:50.079> pipes<00:13:50.480> and<00:13:50.639> things<00:13:50.880> like<00:13:51.040> that 00:13:51.269 --> 00:13:51.279 align:start position:0% rocks out of pipes and things like that 00:13:51.279 --> 00:13:53.829 align:start position:0% rocks out of pipes and things like that slightly<00:13:51.760> dangerous<00:13:52.240> things<00:13:52.560> but 00:13:53.829 --> 00:13:53.839 align:start position:0% slightly dangerous things but 00:13:53.839 --> 00:13:56.230 align:start position:0% slightly dangerous things but i<00:13:54.000> was<00:13:54.240> generally<00:13:54.639> interested<00:13:55.120> in<00:13:55.600> in<00:13:55.760> things 00:13:56.230 --> 00:13:56.240 align:start position:0% i was generally interested in in things 00:13:56.240 --> 00:13:56.870 align:start position:0% i was generally interested in in things that 00:13:56.870 --> 00:13:56.880 align:start position:0% that 00:13:56.880 --> 00:14:00.829 align:start position:0% that one<00:13:57.120> could<00:13:57.360> make<00:13:57.839> with<00:13:58.320> very<00:13:58.639> few<00:13:58.880> tools<00:13:59.519> and 00:14:00.829 --> 00:14:00.839 align:start position:0% one could make with very few tools and 00:14:00.839 --> 00:14:03.750 align:start position:0% one could make with very few tools and inexpensive 00:14:03.750 --> 00:14:03.760 align:start position:0% inexpensive 00:14:03.760 --> 00:14:06.550 align:start position:0% inexpensive bits<00:14:04.079> and<00:14:04.240> pieces<00:14:05.360> so<00:14:05.920> i<00:14:06.079> don't<00:14:06.240> suppose 00:14:06.550 --> 00:14:06.560 align:start position:0% bits and pieces so i don't suppose 00:14:06.560 --> 00:14:07.990 align:start position:0% bits and pieces so i don't suppose there's<00:14:06.720> any<00:14:07.040> particular<00:14:07.600> thing 00:14:07.990 --> 00:14:08.000 align:start position:0% there's any particular thing 00:14:08.000 --> 00:14:10.710 align:start position:0% there's any particular thing i<00:14:08.240> i<00:14:08.480> just<00:14:08.800> made<00:14:09.199> whatever<00:14:09.839> i<00:14:10.079> could<00:14:10.399> with<00:14:10.639> the 00:14:10.710 --> 00:14:10.720 align:start position:0% i i just made whatever i could with the 00:14:10.720 --> 00:14:12.550 align:start position:0% i i just made whatever i could with the things<00:14:10.959> i<00:14:11.120> could<00:14:11.279> find<00:14:11.519> around<00:14:11.839> that<00:14:12.079> cheaply 00:14:12.550 --> 00:14:12.560 align:start position:0% things i could find around that cheaply 00:14:12.560 --> 00:14:12.790 align:start position:0% things i could find around that cheaply so 00:14:12.790 --> 00:14:12.800 align:start position:0% so 00:14:12.800 --> 00:14:14.389 align:start position:0% so i<00:14:12.880> didn't<00:14:13.120> really<00:14:13.360> know<00:14:13.600> too<00:14:13.760> much<00:14:14.000> about<00:14:14.240> how 00:14:14.389 --> 00:14:14.399 align:start position:0% i didn't really know too much about how 00:14:14.399 --> 00:14:17.269 align:start position:0% i didn't really know too much about how to<00:14:14.480> go<00:14:14.720> to<00:14:14.880> a<00:14:14.959> disposal<00:14:15.600> store<00:14:15.920> and<00:14:16.079> buy<00:14:16.320> things 00:14:17.269 --> 00:14:17.279 align:start position:0% to go to a disposal store and buy things 00:14:17.279 --> 00:14:19.670 align:start position:0% to go to a disposal store and buy things i<00:14:17.519> also<00:14:17.680> had<00:14:17.920> a<00:14:18.240> sort<00:14:18.480> of<00:14:18.560> hobby<00:14:18.880> interest<00:14:19.279> in 00:14:19.670 --> 00:14:19.680 align:start position:0% i also had a sort of hobby interest in 00:14:19.680 --> 00:14:20.550 align:start position:0% i also had a sort of hobby interest in radios 00:14:20.550 --> 00:14:20.560 align:start position:0% radios 00:14:20.560 --> 00:14:22.230 align:start position:0% radios i<00:14:20.639> happened<00:14:20.959> to<00:14:21.120> have<00:14:21.199> an<00:14:21.360> extra<00:14:21.760> neighbor<00:14:22.160> at 00:14:22.230 --> 00:14:22.240 align:start position:0% i happened to have an extra neighbor at 00:14:22.240 --> 00:14:23.670 align:start position:0% i happened to have an extra neighbor at one<00:14:22.480> stage<00:14:22.880> who 00:14:23.670 --> 00:14:23.680 align:start position:0% one stage who 00:14:23.680 --> 00:14:25.350 align:start position:0% one stage who had<00:14:23.920> an<00:14:24.079> interest<00:14:24.480> in<00:14:24.560> this<00:14:24.800> and<00:14:24.959> used<00:14:25.120> to<00:14:25.199> give 00:14:25.350 --> 00:14:25.360 align:start position:0% had an interest in this and used to give 00:14:25.360 --> 00:14:27.829 align:start position:0% had an interest in this and used to give me<00:14:25.519> old<00:14:25.760> rages<00:14:26.240> and<00:14:26.320> my<00:14:26.480> ground<00:14:26.880> valves<00:14:27.360> and<00:14:27.440> my 00:14:27.829 --> 00:14:27.839 align:start position:0% me old rages and my ground valves and my 00:14:27.839 --> 00:14:30.310 align:start position:0% me old rages and my ground valves and my crystal<00:14:28.240> sets<00:14:28.639> and<00:14:29.440> twiddle<00:14:29.760> around<00:14:30.160> trying 00:14:30.310 --> 00:14:30.320 align:start position:0% crystal sets and twiddle around trying 00:14:30.320 --> 00:14:31.590 align:start position:0% crystal sets and twiddle around trying to<00:14:30.480> hear<00:14:30.639> what<00:14:30.800> was<00:14:30.959> happening 00:14:31.590 --> 00:14:31.600 align:start position:0% to hear what was happening 00:14:31.600 --> 00:14:34.310 align:start position:0% to hear what was happening so<00:14:31.760> i<00:14:31.920> had<00:14:32.079> a<00:14:32.320> general<00:14:32.800> interest<00:14:33.199> in<00:14:33.839> gadgets 00:14:34.310 --> 00:14:34.320 align:start position:0% so i had a general interest in gadgets 00:14:34.320 --> 00:14:36.230 align:start position:0% so i had a general interest in gadgets of<00:14:34.480> one<00:14:34.720> kind<00:14:35.040> another<00:14:35.360> and<00:14:35.600> those<00:14:35.920> interested 00:14:36.230 --> 00:14:36.240 align:start position:0% of one kind another and those interested 00:14:36.240 --> 00:14:37.509 align:start position:0% of one kind another and those interested in<00:14:36.399> gadgetry<00:14:36.959> has<00:14:37.120> actually 00:14:37.509 --> 00:14:37.519 align:start position:0% in gadgetry has actually 00:14:37.519 --> 00:14:41.509 align:start position:0% in gadgetry has actually stood<00:14:37.839> in<00:14:37.920> good<00:14:38.160> stead<00:14:38.480> throughout<00:14:38.959> my<00:14:39.120> career 00:14:41.509 --> 00:14:41.519 align:start position:0% stood in good stead throughout my career 00:14:41.519 --> 00:14:44.710 align:start position:0% stood in good stead throughout my career so<00:14:42.480> i<00:14:42.720> think<00:14:42.959> if<00:14:43.199> any<00:14:43.360> of<00:14:43.440> my<00:14:43.680> colleagues 00:14:44.710 --> 00:14:44.720 align:start position:0% so i think if any of my colleagues 00:14:44.720 --> 00:14:47.269 align:start position:0% so i think if any of my colleagues were<00:14:44.959> asking<00:14:45.519> what<00:14:46.240> sort<00:14:46.399> of<00:14:46.560> captures<00:14:47.040> what 00:14:47.269 --> 00:14:47.279 align:start position:0% were asking what sort of captures what 00:14:47.279 --> 00:14:49.030 align:start position:0% were asking what sort of captures what i've<00:14:47.440> been<00:14:47.600> interested<00:14:48.079> in 00:14:49.030 --> 00:14:49.040 align:start position:0% i've been interested in 00:14:49.040 --> 00:14:50.629 align:start position:0% i've been interested in i<00:14:49.199> suppose<00:14:49.680> you<00:14:49.760> could<00:14:49.920> say<00:14:50.079> it's<00:14:50.240> a<00:14:50.320> gadget 00:14:50.629 --> 00:14:50.639 align:start position:0% i suppose you could say it's a gadget 00:14:50.639 --> 00:14:53.030 align:start position:0% i suppose you could say it's a gadget someone<00:14:51.120> kind<00:14:51.360> of 00:14:53.030 --> 00:14:53.040 align:start position:0% someone kind of 00:14:53.040 --> 00:14:57.430 align:start position:0% someone kind of which<00:14:53.279> i've<00:14:53.519> accumulated<00:14:54.160> quite<00:14:54.399> a<00:14:54.480> few 00:14:57.430 --> 00:14:57.440 align:start position:0% 00:14:57.440 --> 00:15:00.069 align:start position:0% so<00:14:58.000> after<00:14:58.320> you<00:14:58.480> got<00:14:58.639> to<00:14:58.800> the<00:14:58.959> university<00:14:59.680> and 00:15:00.069 --> 00:15:00.079 align:start position:0% so after you got to the university and 00:15:00.079 --> 00:15:01.590 align:start position:0% so after you got to the university and during<00:15:00.560> your 00:15:01.590 --> 00:15:01.600 align:start position:0% during your 00:15:01.600 --> 00:15:04.310 align:start position:0% during your ee<00:15:02.000> degree<00:15:02.399> in<00:15:02.639> undergraduate<00:15:03.199> did<00:15:03.360> you<00:15:04.160> were 00:15:04.310 --> 00:15:04.320 align:start position:0% ee degree in undergraduate did you were 00:15:04.320 --> 00:15:05.750 align:start position:0% ee degree in undergraduate did you were you<00:15:04.399> working<00:15:04.720> in<00:15:04.880> the<00:15:04.959> lab<00:15:05.199> at<00:15:05.360> all<00:15:05.519> at<00:15:05.600> the 00:15:05.750 --> 00:15:05.760 align:start position:0% you working in the lab at all at the 00:15:05.760 --> 00:15:06.710 align:start position:0% you working in the lab at all at the time<00:15:06.079> or 00:15:06.710 --> 00:15:06.720 align:start position:0% time or 00:15:06.720 --> 00:15:10.389 align:start position:0% time or was<00:15:06.880> that<00:15:07.120> in<00:15:07.279> your<00:15:07.600> pm<00:15:07.920> no<00:15:09.279> there<00:15:09.519> wasn't<00:15:09.839> much 00:15:10.389 --> 00:15:10.399 align:start position:0% was that in your pm no there wasn't much 00:15:10.399 --> 00:15:12.710 align:start position:0% was that in your pm no there wasn't much opportunity<00:15:11.040> to<00:15:11.519> create<00:15:12.000> things<00:15:12.399> at<00:15:12.480> that 00:15:12.710 --> 00:15:12.720 align:start position:0% opportunity to create things at that 00:15:12.720 --> 00:15:15.670 align:start position:0% opportunity to create things at that stage<00:15:13.120> but<00:15:13.279> i<00:15:13.440> do<00:15:13.680> know<00:15:13.920> that<00:15:14.160> our 00:15:15.670 --> 00:15:15.680 align:start position:0% stage but i do know that our 00:15:15.680 --> 00:15:18.470 align:start position:0% stage but i do know that our engineering<00:15:16.320> course<00:15:16.639> was<00:15:16.959> very<00:15:17.199> very<00:15:18.160> lab 00:15:18.470 --> 00:15:18.480 align:start position:0% engineering course was very very lab 00:15:18.480 --> 00:15:18.949 align:start position:0% engineering course was very very lab based 00:15:18.949 --> 00:15:18.959 align:start position:0% based 00:15:18.959 --> 00:15:20.870 align:start position:0% based we<00:15:19.120> did<00:15:19.360> many<00:15:19.600> many<00:15:19.839> hours<00:15:20.079> of<00:15:20.160> laboratory<00:15:20.800> in 00:15:20.870 --> 00:15:20.880 align:start position:0% we did many many hours of laboratory in 00:15:20.880 --> 00:15:22.470 align:start position:0% we did many many hours of laboratory in fact 00:15:22.470 --> 00:15:22.480 align:start position:0% fact 00:15:22.480 --> 00:15:26.069 align:start position:0% fact for<00:15:22.800> most<00:15:23.120> of<00:15:23.279> my<00:15:23.760> classmates<00:15:24.480> the<00:15:25.120> laboratory 00:15:26.069 --> 00:15:26.079 align:start position:0% for most of my classmates the laboratory 00:15:26.079 --> 00:15:28.069 align:start position:0% for most of my classmates the laboratory work<00:15:26.320> was<00:15:26.560> considered<00:15:27.120> dull<00:15:27.440> but<00:15:27.680> i<00:15:27.760> actually 00:15:28.069 --> 00:15:28.079 align:start position:0% work was considered dull but i actually 00:15:28.079 --> 00:15:30.470 align:start position:0% work was considered dull but i actually enjoyed<00:15:28.399> it<00:15:28.560> because<00:15:28.959> i<00:15:29.279> i<00:15:29.440> just<00:15:29.759> liked 00:15:30.470 --> 00:15:30.480 align:start position:0% enjoyed it because i i just liked 00:15:30.480 --> 00:15:34.069 align:start position:0% enjoyed it because i i just liked to<00:15:30.639> see<00:15:30.800> how<00:15:31.040> things<00:15:31.360> work<00:15:31.680> so<00:15:32.959> if<00:15:33.199> anything 00:15:34.069 --> 00:15:34.079 align:start position:0% to see how things work so if anything 00:15:34.079 --> 00:15:35.670 align:start position:0% to see how things work so if anything i<00:15:34.240> had<00:15:34.480> a<00:15:34.720> greater<00:15:35.040> interest<00:15:35.360> in<00:15:35.519> the 00:15:35.670 --> 00:15:35.680 align:start position:0% i had a greater interest in the 00:15:35.680 --> 00:15:37.670 align:start position:0% i had a greater interest in the experimental<00:15:36.399> laboratory<00:15:36.959> work<00:15:37.199> than<00:15:37.360> i<00:15:37.440> did 00:15:37.670 --> 00:15:37.680 align:start position:0% experimental laboratory work than i did 00:15:37.680 --> 00:15:41.749 align:start position:0% experimental laboratory work than i did in<00:15:37.839> the<00:15:38.000> more<00:15:38.160> theoretical<00:15:38.839> site 00:15:41.749 --> 00:15:41.759 align:start position:0% in the more theoretical site 00:15:41.759 --> 00:15:45.269 align:start position:0% in the more theoretical site and<00:15:41.920> i<00:15:42.079> think<00:15:42.240> that 00:15:45.269 --> 00:15:45.279 align:start position:0% 00:15:45.279 --> 00:15:47.590 align:start position:0% this<00:15:45.519> is<00:15:45.759> partly<00:15:46.160> of<00:15:46.320> course<00:15:46.560> why<00:15:46.720> i've<00:15:47.040> always 00:15:47.590 --> 00:15:47.600 align:start position:0% this is partly of course why i've always 00:15:47.600 --> 00:15:49.910 align:start position:0% this is partly of course why i've always considered<00:15:48.240> experimentation<00:15:49.199> as<00:15:49.440> the<00:15:49.600> way<00:15:49.759> to 00:15:49.910 --> 00:15:49.920 align:start position:0% considered experimentation as the way to 00:15:49.920 --> 00:15:51.269 align:start position:0% considered experimentation as the way to do<00:15:50.079> things<00:15:50.399> although<00:15:50.720> i 00:15:51.269 --> 00:15:51.279 align:start position:0% do things although i 00:15:51.279 --> 00:15:54.150 align:start position:0% do things although i perfectly<00:15:51.759> happy<00:15:52.160> to<00:15:53.120> slot<00:15:53.519> in<00:15:53.839> you<00:15:53.920> know 00:15:54.150 --> 00:15:54.160 align:start position:0% perfectly happy to slot in you know 00:15:54.160 --> 00:15:55.910 align:start position:0% perfectly happy to slot in you know theoreticians<00:15:54.959> and 00:15:55.910 --> 00:15:55.920 align:start position:0% theoreticians and 00:15:55.920 --> 00:15:58.310 align:start position:0% theoreticians and people<00:15:56.160> who<00:15:56.240> have<00:15:56.560> more<00:15:56.720> philosophic<00:15:57.519> views<00:15:58.079> i 00:15:58.310 --> 00:15:58.320 align:start position:0% people who have more philosophic views i 00:15:58.320 --> 00:16:00.069 align:start position:0% people who have more philosophic views i i<00:15:58.480> guess<00:15:58.800> i'm<00:15:58.959> just<00:15:59.120> saying<00:15:59.360> yes<00:15:59.519> we<00:15:59.680> need<00:15:59.839> all 00:16:00.069 --> 00:16:00.079 align:start position:0% i guess i'm just saying yes we need all 00:16:00.079 --> 00:16:00.470 align:start position:0% i guess i'm just saying yes we need all that 00:16:00.470 --> 00:16:00.480 align:start position:0% that 00:16:00.480 --> 00:16:02.470 align:start position:0% that but<00:16:00.639> the<00:16:00.720> thing<00:16:01.120> i<00:16:01.279> do<00:16:01.440> best<00:16:01.759> is 00:16:02.470 --> 00:16:02.480 align:start position:0% but the thing i do best is 00:16:02.480 --> 00:16:04.790 align:start position:0% but the thing i do best is experimentation 00:16:04.790 --> 00:16:04.800 align:start position:0% experimentation 00:16:04.800 --> 00:16:08.069 align:start position:0% experimentation um<00:16:05.040> and<00:16:05.120> then<00:16:05.360> you<00:16:05.519> when<00:16:05.680> you<00:16:05.839> got<00:16:06.000> to<00:16:06.160> your<00:16:06.320> phd 00:16:08.069 --> 00:16:08.079 align:start position:0% um and then you when you got to your phd 00:16:08.079 --> 00:16:10.629 align:start position:0% um and then you when you got to your phd what<00:16:08.320> kind<00:16:08.639> of<00:16:09.519> environment<00:16:10.079> did<00:16:10.240> you<00:16:10.399> get 00:16:10.629 --> 00:16:10.639 align:start position:0% what kind of environment did you get 00:16:10.639 --> 00:16:11.110 align:start position:0% what kind of environment did you get into 00:16:11.110 --> 00:16:11.120 align:start position:0% into 00:16:11.120 --> 00:16:13.110 align:start position:0% into and<00:16:11.360> who<00:16:11.519> are<00:16:11.680> you<00:16:11.759> working<00:16:12.079> with<00:16:12.480> okay<00:16:12.800> now 00:16:13.110 --> 00:16:13.120 align:start position:0% and who are you working with okay now 00:16:13.120 --> 00:16:15.350 align:start position:0% and who are you working with okay now now<00:16:13.600> when<00:16:13.839> i<00:16:14.000> started<00:16:14.399> my<00:16:14.639> phd 00:16:15.350 --> 00:16:15.360 align:start position:0% now when i started my phd 00:16:15.360 --> 00:16:18.069 align:start position:0% now when i started my phd i<00:16:15.600> had<00:16:16.639> recently<00:16:17.120> developed<00:16:17.519> an<00:16:17.680> interesting 00:16:18.069 --> 00:16:18.079 align:start position:0% i had recently developed an interesting 00:16:18.079 --> 00:16:19.110 align:start position:0% i had recently developed an interesting computation 00:16:19.110 --> 00:16:19.120 align:start position:0% computation 00:16:19.120 --> 00:16:23.150 align:start position:0% computation this<00:16:19.360> is<00:16:19.600> a<00:16:20.959> 1960 00:16:23.150 --> 00:16:23.160 align:start position:0% this is a 1960 00:16:23.160 --> 00:16:26.949 align:start position:0% this is a 1960 364.<00:16:25.199> um 00:16:26.949 --> 00:16:26.959 align:start position:0% 364. um 00:16:26.959 --> 00:16:31.430 align:start position:0% 364. um the<00:16:27.120> university<00:16:28.079> at<00:16:28.240> that<00:16:28.480> stage<00:16:29.600> had<00:16:29.920> a<00:16:30.160> very 00:16:31.430 --> 00:16:31.440 align:start position:0% the university at that stage had a very 00:16:31.440 --> 00:16:35.990 align:start position:0% the university at that stage had a very small<00:16:31.839> computer<00:16:32.880> it<00:16:32.959> was<00:16:33.120> an<00:16:33.360> ibm<00:16:34.839> 1620 00:16:35.990 --> 00:16:36.000 align:start position:0% small computer it was an ibm 1620 00:16:36.000 --> 00:16:39.030 align:start position:0% small computer it was an ibm 1620 and<00:16:36.880> i<00:16:38.320> with<00:16:38.560> a<00:16:38.639> help 00:16:39.030 --> 00:16:39.040 align:start position:0% and i with a help 00:16:39.040 --> 00:16:42.470 align:start position:0% and i with a help of<00:16:39.279> friends<00:16:39.920> developed<00:16:40.480> some<00:16:41.360> programming<00:16:42.160> to 00:16:42.470 --> 00:16:42.480 align:start position:0% of friends developed some programming to 00:16:42.480 --> 00:16:43.189 align:start position:0% of friends developed some programming to optimize 00:16:43.189 --> 00:16:43.199 align:start position:0% optimize 00:16:43.199 --> 00:16:47.269 align:start position:0% optimize the<00:16:44.720> circuitry<00:16:45.440> for 00:16:47.269 --> 00:16:47.279 align:start position:0% the circuitry for 00:16:47.279 --> 00:16:50.550 align:start position:0% the circuitry for switching<00:16:47.759> circuits<00:16:48.839> for 00:16:50.550 --> 00:16:50.560 align:start position:0% switching circuits for 00:16:50.560 --> 00:16:52.870 align:start position:0% switching circuits for binary<00:16:50.959> switching<00:16:51.440> circuits<00:16:52.320> that<00:16:52.480> was<00:16:52.639> my 00:16:52.870 --> 00:16:52.880 align:start position:0% binary switching circuits that was my 00:16:52.880 --> 00:16:54.550 align:start position:0% binary switching circuits that was my first<00:16:53.120> introduction<00:16:53.680> to<00:16:53.839> actually<00:16:54.160> using<00:16:54.480> a 00:16:54.550 --> 00:16:54.560 align:start position:0% first introduction to actually using a 00:16:54.560 --> 00:16:55.590 align:start position:0% first introduction to actually using a computer 00:16:55.590 --> 00:16:55.600 align:start position:0% computer 00:16:55.600 --> 00:16:58.550 align:start position:0% computer so<00:16:55.759> as<00:16:56.000> my<00:16:56.639> phd<00:16:57.279> developed<00:16:57.680> i<00:16:57.839> got<00:16:58.079> interested 00:16:58.550 --> 00:16:58.560 align:start position:0% so as my phd developed i got interested 00:16:58.560 --> 00:16:58.870 align:start position:0% so as my phd developed i got interested in 00:16:58.870 --> 00:16:58.880 align:start position:0% in 00:16:58.880 --> 00:17:01.189 align:start position:0% in hybrid<00:16:59.279> computing<00:16:59.839> which<00:17:00.079> is<00:17:00.320> combining 00:17:01.189 --> 00:17:01.199 align:start position:0% hybrid computing which is combining 00:17:01.199 --> 00:17:02.069 align:start position:0% hybrid computing which is combining analog 00:17:02.069 --> 00:17:02.079 align:start position:0% analog 00:17:02.079 --> 00:17:05.110 align:start position:0% analog computation<00:17:02.800> with<00:17:03.040> digital<00:17:03.360> computation 00:17:05.110 --> 00:17:05.120 align:start position:0% computation with digital computation 00:17:05.120 --> 00:17:07.990 align:start position:0% computation with digital computation in<00:17:05.280> those<00:17:05.600> days<00:17:05.919> it<00:17:06.000> was<00:17:06.240> considered<00:17:06.799> that<00:17:07.839> to 00:17:07.990 --> 00:17:08.000 align:start position:0% in those days it was considered that to 00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:08.710 align:start position:0% in those days it was considered that to build 00:17:08.710 --> 00:17:08.720 align:start position:0% build 00:17:08.720 --> 00:17:12.069 align:start position:0% build dynamic<00:17:09.600> models<00:17:10.160> of<00:17:10.720> differential<00:17:11.360> equations 00:17:12.069 --> 00:17:12.079 align:start position:0% dynamic models of differential equations 00:17:12.079 --> 00:17:12.949 align:start position:0% dynamic models of differential equations on<00:17:12.319> a 00:17:12.949 --> 00:17:12.959 align:start position:0% on a 00:17:12.959 --> 00:17:17.590 align:start position:0% on a hybrid<00:17:13.839> website<00:17:14.319> on<00:17:14.480> an<00:17:15.039> analog<00:17:15.439> computer 00:17:17.590 --> 00:17:17.600 align:start position:0% hybrid website on an analog computer 00:17:17.600 --> 00:17:20.470 align:start position:0% hybrid website on an analog computer allowed<00:17:18.079> it<00:17:18.240> to<00:17:18.959> assimilate<00:17:20.000> physical 00:17:20.470 --> 00:17:20.480 align:start position:0% allowed it to assimilate physical 00:17:20.480 --> 00:17:22.549 align:start position:0% allowed it to assimilate physical systems<00:17:21.039> at<00:17:21.199> maybe<00:17:21.600> thousands<00:17:22.079> of<00:17:22.240> times 00:17:22.549 --> 00:17:22.559 align:start position:0% systems at maybe thousands of times 00:17:22.559 --> 00:17:23.829 align:start position:0% systems at maybe thousands of times faster<00:17:22.880> than<00:17:23.039> you<00:17:23.120> could<00:17:23.280> with<00:17:23.439> a<00:17:23.520> digital 00:17:23.829 --> 00:17:23.839 align:start position:0% faster than you could with a digital 00:17:23.839 --> 00:17:25.510 align:start position:0% faster than you could with a digital computer<00:17:24.240> that<00:17:24.480> day 00:17:25.510 --> 00:17:25.520 align:start position:0% computer that day 00:17:25.520 --> 00:17:27.909 align:start position:0% computer that day but<00:17:25.760> as<00:17:26.400> uh<00:17:26.559> digital<00:17:26.880> computers<00:17:27.360> became<00:17:27.679> more 00:17:27.909 --> 00:17:27.919 align:start position:0% but as uh digital computers became more 00:17:27.919 --> 00:17:28.630 align:start position:0% but as uh digital computers became more powerful 00:17:28.630 --> 00:17:28.640 align:start position:0% powerful 00:17:28.640 --> 00:17:30.390 align:start position:0% powerful then<00:17:28.880> the<00:17:29.200> need<00:17:29.440> for<00:17:29.600> the<00:17:29.679> analog<00:17:30.080> side 00:17:30.390 --> 00:17:30.400 align:start position:0% then the need for the analog side 00:17:30.400 --> 00:17:32.310 align:start position:0% then the need for the analog side dwindle<00:17:30.799> so<00:17:31.039> i<00:17:31.120> was<00:17:31.280> in<00:17:31.360> that<00:17:31.679> in<00:17:31.840> between 00:17:32.310 --> 00:17:32.320 align:start position:0% dwindle so i was in that in between 00:17:32.320 --> 00:17:34.150 align:start position:0% dwindle so i was in that in between stage<00:17:32.720> where<00:17:32.880> there<00:17:33.039> was<00:17:33.280> still 00:17:34.150 --> 00:17:34.160 align:start position:0% stage where there was still 00:17:34.160 --> 00:17:37.270 align:start position:0% stage where there was still benefit<00:17:34.720> of<00:17:34.880> combining<00:17:35.440> two<00:17:35.679> types<00:17:36.080> so<00:17:36.240> i<00:17:36.400> had 00:17:37.270 --> 00:17:37.280 align:start position:0% benefit of combining two types so i had 00:17:37.280 --> 00:17:41.750 align:start position:0% benefit of combining two types so i had an<00:17:37.600> analog<00:17:37.919> computer<00:17:38.880> with<00:17:39.200> a 00:17:41.750 --> 00:17:41.760 align:start position:0% 00:17:41.760 --> 00:17:45.510 align:start position:0% link<00:17:42.320> to<00:17:42.960> the<00:17:43.679> campus<00:17:44.640> computer<00:17:45.120> which 00:17:45.510 --> 00:17:45.520 align:start position:0% link to the campus computer which 00:17:45.520 --> 00:17:46.789 align:start position:0% link to the campus computer which upgraded<00:17:46.240> from 00:17:46.789 --> 00:17:46.799 align:start position:0% upgraded from 00:17:46.799 --> 00:17:50.710 align:start position:0% upgraded from plural<00:17:47.280> ibm<00:17:47.679> 1620<00:17:48.480> to<00:17:49.600> uh<00:17:49.840> digital<00:17:50.240> equipment 00:17:50.710 --> 00:17:50.720 align:start position:0% plural ibm 1620 to uh digital equipment 00:17:50.720 --> 00:17:51.430 align:start position:0% plural ibm 1620 to uh digital equipment corporation 00:17:51.430 --> 00:17:51.440 align:start position:0% corporation 00:17:51.440 --> 00:17:54.950 align:start position:0% corporation deck<00:17:51.760> 10<00:17:52.000> which<00:17:52.240> is<00:17:52.320> apparently<00:17:52.720> the<00:17:52.880> second 00:17:54.950 --> 00:17:54.960 align:start position:0% deck 10 which is apparently the second 00:17:54.960 --> 00:17:58.630 align:start position:0% deck 10 which is apparently the second time<00:17:55.280> shared<00:17:55.600> machine<00:17:56.320> made<00:17:56.559> by<00:17:56.720> this 00:17:58.630 --> 00:17:58.640 align:start position:0% time shared machine made by this 00:17:58.640 --> 00:18:01.190 align:start position:0% time shared machine made by this company<00:17:59.039> that<00:17:59.280> was<00:18:00.000> outside<00:18:00.400> the<00:18:00.480> us 00:18:01.190 --> 00:18:01.200 align:start position:0% company that was outside the us 00:18:01.200 --> 00:18:02.070 align:start position:0% company that was outside the us continent<00:18:01.679> so 00:18:02.070 --> 00:18:02.080 align:start position:0% continent so 00:18:02.080 --> 00:18:04.310 align:start position:0% continent so the<00:18:02.240> uswa<00:18:03.039> was<00:18:03.200> the<00:18:03.280> first<00:18:03.600> outside<00:18:03.919> the<00:18:04.000> us 00:18:04.310 --> 00:18:04.320 align:start position:0% the uswa was the first outside the us 00:18:04.320 --> 00:18:05.830 align:start position:0% the uswa was the first outside the us actually<00:18:04.640> acquired<00:18:04.880> one<00:18:05.039> of<00:18:05.200> these 00:18:05.830 --> 00:18:05.840 align:start position:0% actually acquired one of these 00:18:05.840 --> 00:18:07.590 align:start position:0% actually acquired one of these seemingly<00:18:06.320> very<00:18:06.480> advanced<00:18:06.960> machines<00:18:07.360> where 00:18:07.590 --> 00:18:07.600 align:start position:0% seemingly very advanced machines where 00:18:07.600 --> 00:18:09.110 align:start position:0% seemingly very advanced machines where multiple<00:18:08.240> users<00:18:08.640> could<00:18:08.880> all 00:18:09.110 --> 00:18:09.120 align:start position:0% multiple users could all 00:18:09.120 --> 00:18:11.350 align:start position:0% multiple users could all clatter<00:18:09.520> away<00:18:09.760> on<00:18:09.840> their<00:18:10.400> tele<00:18:10.720> types<00:18:11.120> and 00:18:11.350 --> 00:18:11.360 align:start position:0% clatter away on their tele types and 00:18:11.360 --> 00:18:12.310 align:start position:0% clatter away on their tele types and share 00:18:12.310 --> 00:18:12.320 align:start position:0% share 00:18:12.320 --> 00:18:15.830 align:start position:0% share memory<00:18:12.720> and<00:18:14.480> do<00:18:14.640> their 00:18:15.830 --> 00:18:15.840 align:start position:0% memory and do their 00:18:15.840 --> 00:18:19.110 align:start position:0% memory and do their computations<00:18:16.960> by<00:18:17.679> either<00:18:18.080> mixing 00:18:19.110 --> 00:18:19.120 align:start position:0% computations by either mixing 00:18:19.120 --> 00:18:21.909 align:start position:0% computations by either mixing with<00:18:19.440> their<00:18:19.760> colleagues<00:18:20.240> at<00:18:21.039> during<00:18:21.360> the<00:18:21.440> day 00:18:21.909 --> 00:18:21.919 align:start position:0% with their colleagues at during the day 00:18:21.919 --> 00:18:23.190 align:start position:0% with their colleagues at during the day and<00:18:22.160> sometimes<00:18:22.720> in 00:18:23.190 --> 00:18:23.200 align:start position:0% and sometimes in 00:18:23.200 --> 00:18:25.669 align:start position:0% and sometimes in blocking<00:18:23.679> large<00:18:24.080> chunks<00:18:24.480> to<00:18:24.640> be<00:18:24.960> hands-on 00:18:25.669 --> 00:18:25.679 align:start position:0% blocking large chunks to be hands-on 00:18:25.679 --> 00:18:27.350 align:start position:0% blocking large chunks to be hands-on single<00:18:26.000> user<00:18:26.320> at<00:18:26.480> night<00:18:26.720> to<00:18:26.799> do<00:18:26.960> the<00:18:27.039> heavy 00:18:27.350 --> 00:18:27.360 align:start position:0% single user at night to do the heavy 00:18:27.360 --> 00:18:28.870 align:start position:0% single user at night to do the heavy computations 00:18:28.870 --> 00:18:28.880 align:start position:0% computations 00:18:28.880 --> 00:18:31.270 align:start position:0% computations and<00:18:29.120> i<00:18:29.200> had<00:18:29.440> a<00:18:29.600> long<00:18:30.320> cable<00:18:30.799> between<00:18:31.120> the 00:18:31.270 --> 00:18:31.280 align:start position:0% and i had a long cable between the 00:18:31.280 --> 00:18:32.789 align:start position:0% and i had a long cable between the physics<00:18:31.760> school<00:18:31.919> where<00:18:32.080> the<00:18:32.240> computer<00:18:32.640> was 00:18:32.789 --> 00:18:32.799 align:start position:0% physics school where the computer was 00:18:32.799 --> 00:18:33.190 align:start position:0% physics school where the computer was housed 00:18:33.190 --> 00:18:33.200 align:start position:0% housed 00:18:33.200 --> 00:18:35.110 align:start position:0% housed and<00:18:33.440> the<00:18:33.600> electrical<00:18:34.000> engineering<00:18:34.640> lab<00:18:34.880> i<00:18:35.039> was 00:18:35.110 --> 00:18:35.120 align:start position:0% and the electrical engineering lab i was 00:18:35.120 --> 00:18:36.230 align:start position:0% and the electrical engineering lab i was working<00:18:35.440> in 00:18:36.230 --> 00:18:36.240 align:start position:0% working in 00:18:36.240 --> 00:18:39.590 align:start position:0% working in about<00:18:36.559> 200<00:18:37.840> yards<00:18:38.240> apart<00:18:39.200> part<00:18:39.440> of<00:18:39.520> the 00:18:39.590 --> 00:18:39.600 align:start position:0% about 200 yards apart part of the 00:18:39.600 --> 00:18:40.710 align:start position:0% about 200 yards apart part of the problem<00:18:39.919> was<00:18:40.000> how<00:18:40.160> to<00:18:40.320> get 00:18:40.710 --> 00:18:40.720 align:start position:0% problem was how to get 00:18:40.720 --> 00:18:43.350 align:start position:0% problem was how to get digital<00:18:41.200> signals<00:18:41.679> and<00:18:42.799> backwards<00:18:43.200> and 00:18:43.350 --> 00:18:43.360 align:start position:0% digital signals and backwards and 00:18:43.360 --> 00:18:45.029 align:start position:0% digital signals and backwards and forwards<00:18:43.760> without<00:18:44.080> noise<00:18:44.480> and<00:18:44.559> this<00:18:44.720> sort<00:18:44.880> of 00:18:45.029 --> 00:18:45.039 align:start position:0% forwards without noise and this sort of 00:18:45.039 --> 00:18:45.990 align:start position:0% forwards without noise and this sort of stuff<00:18:45.360> so 00:18:45.990 --> 00:18:46.000 align:start position:0% stuff so 00:18:46.000 --> 00:18:49.110 align:start position:0% stuff so i<00:18:46.640> built<00:18:46.960> the<00:18:47.280> interface<00:18:48.080> between<00:18:48.480> the<00:18:48.559> two 00:18:49.110 --> 00:18:49.120 align:start position:0% i built the interface between the two 00:18:49.120 --> 00:18:53.510 align:start position:0% i built the interface between the two computers<00:18:50.320> i<00:18:50.559> built<00:18:50.960> models<00:18:51.520> of<00:18:52.000> different 00:18:53.510 --> 00:18:53.520 align:start position:0% computers i built models of different 00:18:53.520 --> 00:18:56.070 align:start position:0% computers i built models of different dynamic<00:18:54.160> systems<00:18:54.640> on<00:18:54.799> the<00:18:54.880> analog<00:18:55.520> and<00:18:55.679> i<00:18:55.840> got 00:18:56.070 --> 00:18:56.080 align:start position:0% dynamic systems on the analog and i got 00:18:56.080 --> 00:18:58.070 align:start position:0% dynamic systems on the analog and i got interested<00:18:56.559> in<00:18:56.640> using<00:18:57.039> the<00:18:57.200> digital<00:18:57.520> computer 00:18:58.070 --> 00:18:58.080 align:start position:0% interested in using the digital computer 00:18:58.080 --> 00:19:01.590 align:start position:0% interested in using the digital computer as<00:18:58.240> a<00:18:58.320> means<00:18:58.640> of<00:18:58.960> optimizing 00:19:01.590 --> 00:19:01.600 align:start position:0% as a means of optimizing 00:19:01.600 --> 00:19:04.230 align:start position:0% as a means of optimizing parameters<00:19:02.160> so<00:19:02.480> that's<00:19:02.799> where<00:19:03.039> the 00:19:04.230 --> 00:19:04.240 align:start position:0% parameters so that's where the 00:19:04.240 --> 00:19:05.909 align:start position:0% parameters so that's where the optimization 00:19:05.909 --> 00:19:05.919 align:start position:0% optimization 00:19:05.919 --> 00:19:07.590 align:start position:0% optimization of<00:19:06.080> parameters<00:19:06.559> came<00:19:06.799> from<00:19:06.960> on<00:19:07.120> a<00:19:07.200> hybrid 00:19:07.590 --> 00:19:07.600 align:start position:0% of parameters came from on a hybrid 00:19:07.600 --> 00:19:09.909 align:start position:0% of parameters came from on a hybrid computer<00:19:08.000> so<00:19:08.240> my<00:19:08.880> thesis<00:19:09.280> had<00:19:09.440> a<00:19:09.520> very<00:19:09.679> long 00:19:09.909 --> 00:19:09.919 align:start position:0% computer so my thesis had a very long 00:19:09.919 --> 00:19:10.549 align:start position:0% computer so my thesis had a very long time 00:19:10.549 --> 00:19:10.559 align:start position:0% time 00:19:10.559 --> 00:19:12.950 align:start position:0% time about<00:19:11.440> using<00:19:11.760> a<00:19:11.840> time<00:19:12.080> sheet<00:19:12.320> computer<00:19:12.799> and<00:19:12.880> a 00:19:12.950 --> 00:19:12.960 align:start position:0% about using a time sheet computer and a 00:19:12.960 --> 00:19:13.909 align:start position:0% about using a time sheet computer and a hybrid 00:19:13.909 --> 00:19:13.919 align:start position:0% hybrid 00:19:13.919 --> 00:19:17.190 align:start position:0% hybrid system<00:19:14.480> to<00:19:14.640> do<00:19:15.039> global<00:19:15.520> optimization 00:19:17.190 --> 00:19:17.200 align:start position:0% system to do global optimization 00:19:17.200 --> 00:19:20.230 align:start position:0% system to do global optimization um<00:19:18.160> in<00:19:18.400> those<00:19:18.720> days<00:19:19.200> there<00:19:19.360> was<00:19:19.600> always 00:19:20.230 --> 00:19:20.240 align:start position:0% um in those days there was always 00:19:20.240 --> 00:19:22.710 align:start position:0% um in those days there was always that<00:19:20.640> well<00:19:20.960> people<00:19:21.600> still<00:19:21.919> today<00:19:22.320> realize 00:19:22.710 --> 00:19:22.720 align:start position:0% that well people still today realize 00:19:22.720 --> 00:19:24.710 align:start position:0% that well people still today realize that<00:19:22.960> if<00:19:23.039> you<00:19:23.200> have<00:19:23.440> an<00:19:23.600> optimization<00:19:24.400> problem 00:19:24.710 --> 00:19:24.720 align:start position:0% that if you have an optimization problem 00:19:24.720 --> 00:19:26.470 align:start position:0% that if you have an optimization problem which<00:19:24.960> is 00:19:26.470 --> 00:19:26.480 align:start position:0% which is 00:19:26.480 --> 00:19:28.310 align:start position:0% which is monotonic<00:19:27.200> that<00:19:27.440> is<00:19:27.520> there's<00:19:27.840> only<00:19:28.000> one 00:19:28.310 --> 00:19:28.320 align:start position:0% monotonic that is there's only one 00:19:28.320 --> 00:19:29.510 align:start position:0% monotonic that is there's only one valley<00:19:28.640> if<00:19:28.720> you're<00:19:28.799> looking<00:19:29.120> for<00:19:29.200> the<00:19:29.280> bottom 00:19:29.510 --> 00:19:29.520 align:start position:0% valley if you're looking for the bottom 00:19:29.520 --> 00:19:30.549 align:start position:0% valley if you're looking for the bottom of<00:19:29.600> a<00:19:29.760> valley 00:19:30.549 --> 00:19:30.559 align:start position:0% of a valley 00:19:30.559 --> 00:19:32.630 align:start position:0% of a valley you<00:19:30.799> could<00:19:30.960> use<00:19:31.440> steepest<00:19:31.919> to<00:19:32.080> sense<00:19:32.320> slide 00:19:32.630 --> 00:19:32.640 align:start position:0% you could use steepest to sense slide 00:19:32.640 --> 00:19:33.990 align:start position:0% you could use steepest to sense slide down<00:19:32.799> the<00:19:32.880> hills<00:19:33.280> and<00:19:33.360> so<00:19:33.520> on<00:19:33.600> but<00:19:33.760> as<00:19:33.760> soon<00:19:33.919> as 00:19:33.990 --> 00:19:34.000 align:start position:0% down the hills and so on but as soon as 00:19:34.000 --> 00:19:35.669 align:start position:0% down the hills and so on but as soon as you<00:19:34.080> had<00:19:34.320> multi<00:19:34.720> modality 00:19:35.669 --> 00:19:35.679 align:start position:0% you had multi modality 00:19:35.679 --> 00:19:37.110 align:start position:0% you had multi modality it<00:19:35.760> was<00:19:35.919> a<00:19:36.000> different<00:19:36.320> problem<00:19:36.559> so<00:19:36.720> i<00:19:36.880> was 00:19:37.110 --> 00:19:37.120 align:start position:0% it was a different problem so i was 00:19:37.120 --> 00:19:38.950 align:start position:0% it was a different problem so i was deliberately<00:19:37.760> trying<00:19:37.919> to<00:19:38.000> work<00:19:38.320> out 00:19:38.950 --> 00:19:38.960 align:start position:0% deliberately trying to work out 00:19:38.960 --> 00:19:40.630 align:start position:0% deliberately trying to work out what<00:19:39.200> happens<00:19:39.600> if<00:19:39.760> you<00:19:39.840> have<00:19:40.000> a<00:19:40.160> parameter 00:19:40.630 --> 00:19:40.640 align:start position:0% what happens if you have a parameter 00:19:40.640 --> 00:19:42.150 align:start position:0% what happens if you have a parameter space<00:19:41.039> which<00:19:41.280> has 00:19:42.150 --> 00:19:42.160 align:start position:0% space which has 00:19:42.160 --> 00:19:45.510 align:start position:0% space which has almost<00:19:42.640> chaotic<00:19:43.760> multimodality 00:19:45.510 --> 00:19:45.520 align:start position:0% almost chaotic multimodality 00:19:45.520 --> 00:19:48.230 align:start position:0% almost chaotic multimodality and<00:19:46.080> it<00:19:46.240> turns<00:19:46.640> out<00:19:46.799> that<00:19:46.960> you<00:19:47.600> have<00:19:47.840> to 00:19:48.230 --> 00:19:48.240 align:start position:0% and it turns out that you have to 00:19:48.240 --> 00:19:49.270 align:start position:0% and it turns out that you have to consider<00:19:48.720> how<00:19:48.960> to 00:19:49.270 --> 00:19:49.280 align:start position:0% consider how to 00:19:49.280 --> 00:19:51.190 align:start position:0% consider how to spread<00:19:49.840> your<00:19:50.080> testing<00:19:50.640> as<00:19:50.799> well<00:19:51.039> as 00:19:51.190 --> 00:19:51.200 align:start position:0% spread your testing as well as 00:19:51.200 --> 00:19:53.669 align:start position:0% spread your testing as well as concentrate<00:19:51.919> simultaneously 00:19:53.669 --> 00:19:53.679 align:start position:0% concentrate simultaneously 00:19:53.679 --> 00:19:54.950 align:start position:0% concentrate simultaneously and<00:19:53.840> so<00:19:54.000> that<00:19:54.160> was<00:19:54.320> called<00:19:54.480> global 00:19:54.950 --> 00:19:54.960 align:start position:0% and so that was called global 00:19:54.960 --> 00:19:56.870 align:start position:0% and so that was called global optimization<00:19:55.919> and<00:19:56.160> uh 00:19:56.870 --> 00:19:56.880 align:start position:0% optimization and uh 00:19:56.880 --> 00:19:58.789 align:start position:0% optimization and uh that's<00:19:57.120> where<00:19:57.360> i<00:19:57.520> first<00:19:57.840> got<00:19:58.000> to<00:19:58.160> know<00:19:58.320> about 00:19:58.789 --> 00:19:58.799 align:start position:0% that's where i first got to know about 00:19:58.799 --> 00:20:00.230 align:start position:0% that's where i first got to know about kingston<00:19:59.280> ferguson 00:20:00.230 --> 00:20:00.240 align:start position:0% kingston ferguson 00:20:00.240 --> 00:20:02.630 align:start position:0% kingston ferguson because<00:20:00.400> one<00:20:00.559> of<00:20:00.640> his<00:20:00.880> students<00:20:01.200> had<00:20:01.360> done<00:20:02.480> a 00:20:02.630 --> 00:20:02.640 align:start position:0% because one of his students had done a 00:20:02.640 --> 00:20:04.549 align:start position:0% because one of his students had done a version<00:20:02.960> of<00:20:03.039> this<00:20:03.280> using<00:20:03.679> a<00:20:03.840> probabilistic 00:20:04.549 --> 00:20:04.559 align:start position:0% version of this using a probabilistic 00:20:04.559 --> 00:20:05.110 align:start position:0% version of this using a probabilistic method 00:20:05.110 --> 00:20:05.120 align:start position:0% method 00:20:05.120 --> 00:20:08.390 align:start position:0% method so<00:20:06.159> what<00:20:06.400> you<00:20:06.640> try<00:20:06.799> and<00:20:06.960> do<00:20:07.280> is<00:20:07.440> have<00:20:07.679> a<00:20:08.000> method 00:20:08.390 --> 00:20:08.400 align:start position:0% so what you try and do is have a method 00:20:08.400 --> 00:20:09.909 align:start position:0% so what you try and do is have a method that<00:20:08.640> was<00:20:08.880> able<00:20:09.120> to 00:20:09.909 --> 00:20:09.919 align:start position:0% that was able to 00:20:09.919 --> 00:20:13.029 align:start position:0% that was able to randomly<00:20:10.640> select<00:20:11.280> where<00:20:11.520> to<00:20:11.919> sample 00:20:13.029 --> 00:20:13.039 align:start position:0% randomly select where to sample 00:20:13.039 --> 00:20:16.470 align:start position:0% randomly select where to sample but<00:20:13.280> also<00:20:13.919> possibly<00:20:14.400> had<00:20:14.640> some<00:20:15.039> local 00:20:16.470 --> 00:20:16.480 align:start position:0% but also possibly had some local 00:20:16.480 --> 00:20:18.470 align:start position:0% but also possibly had some local refinement<00:20:17.120> going<00:20:17.280> on<00:20:17.440> simultaneously<00:20:18.320> so 00:20:18.470 --> 00:20:18.480 align:start position:0% refinement going on simultaneously so 00:20:18.480 --> 00:20:20.630 align:start position:0% refinement going on simultaneously so that<00:20:18.799> was<00:20:19.039> the<00:20:19.200> idea<00:20:19.520> of<00:20:19.600> how<00:20:19.760> to 00:20:20.630 --> 00:20:20.640 align:start position:0% that was the idea of how to 00:20:20.640 --> 00:20:23.190 align:start position:0% that was the idea of how to work<00:20:20.880> on<00:20:21.039> two<00:20:21.280> levels<00:20:21.679> at<00:20:22.080> one<00:20:22.400> time<00:20:22.720> so<00:20:22.960> my 00:20:23.190 --> 00:20:23.200 align:start position:0% work on two levels at one time so my 00:20:23.200 --> 00:20:24.870 align:start position:0% work on two levels at one time so my thesis<00:20:23.679> came<00:20:23.919> out<00:20:24.080> with<00:20:24.320> this<00:20:24.480> sort<00:20:24.640> of 00:20:24.870 --> 00:20:24.880 align:start position:0% thesis came out with this sort of 00:20:24.880 --> 00:20:25.990 align:start position:0% thesis came out with this sort of randomized 00:20:25.990 --> 00:20:26.000 align:start position:0% randomized 00:20:26.000 --> 00:20:27.990 align:start position:0% randomized search<00:20:26.400> methodology<00:20:27.280> for<00:20:27.600> global 00:20:27.990 --> 00:20:28.000 align:start position:0% search methodology for global 00:20:28.000 --> 00:20:29.430 align:start position:0% search methodology for global optimization<00:20:28.559> it<00:20:28.559> was<00:20:28.720> still 00:20:29.430 --> 00:20:29.440 align:start position:0% optimization it was still 00:20:29.440 --> 00:20:32.549 align:start position:0% optimization it was still fairly 00:20:32.549 --> 00:20:32.559 align:start position:0% 00:20:32.559 --> 00:20:35.510 align:start position:0% theoretic<00:20:33.120> in<00:20:33.280> the<00:20:33.440> sense<00:20:33.679> that<00:20:34.000> the<00:20:34.480> types<00:20:34.880> of 00:20:35.510 --> 00:20:35.520 align:start position:0% theoretic in the sense that the types of 00:20:35.520 --> 00:20:36.070 align:start position:0% theoretic in the sense that the types of multiple 00:20:36.070 --> 00:20:36.080 align:start position:0% multiple 00:20:36.080 --> 00:20:39.750 align:start position:0% multiple modal<00:20:36.640> surfaces<00:20:37.200> i<00:20:37.360> was<00:20:38.880> working<00:20:39.200> on<00:20:39.360> were<00:20:39.520> not 00:20:39.750 --> 00:20:39.760 align:start position:0% modal surfaces i was working on were not 00:20:39.760 --> 00:20:41.029 align:start position:0% modal surfaces i was working on were not from<00:20:40.000> industry<00:20:40.400> they<00:20:40.559> were<00:20:40.720> just 00:20:41.029 --> 00:20:41.039 align:start position:0% from industry they were just 00:20:41.039 --> 00:20:44.230 align:start position:0% from industry they were just things<00:20:41.280> i<00:20:41.760> constructed<00:20:42.320> myself<00:20:43.120> and<00:20:43.520> then<00:20:43.760> the 00:20:44.230 --> 00:20:44.240 align:start position:0% things i constructed myself and then the 00:20:44.240 --> 00:20:47.669 align:start position:0% things i constructed myself and then the question<00:20:44.640> became<00:20:45.600> what<00:20:45.840> the<00:20:46.080> shapes<00:20:46.480> of<00:20:46.840> these 00:20:47.669 --> 00:20:47.679 align:start position:0% question became what the shapes of these 00:20:47.679 --> 00:20:48.950 align:start position:0% question became what the shapes of these valleys 00:20:48.950 --> 00:20:48.960 align:start position:0% valleys 00:20:48.960 --> 00:20:51.029 align:start position:0% valleys shifted<00:20:49.520> in<00:20:49.679> time<00:20:50.000> so<00:20:50.159> the<00:20:50.320> idea<00:20:50.559> was<00:20:50.720> how<00:20:50.880> to 00:20:51.029 --> 00:20:51.039 align:start position:0% shifted in time so the idea was how to 00:20:51.039 --> 00:20:53.270 align:start position:0% shifted in time so the idea was how to have<00:20:51.200> an<00:20:51.360> ongoing<00:20:52.000> real-time<00:20:52.559> process<00:20:53.039> that 00:20:53.270 --> 00:20:53.280 align:start position:0% have an ongoing real-time process that 00:20:53.280 --> 00:20:53.990 align:start position:0% have an ongoing real-time process that could 00:20:53.990 --> 00:20:54.000 align:start position:0% could 00:20:54.000 --> 00:20:56.549 align:start position:0% could track<00:20:54.720> shifts<00:20:55.600> and<00:20:55.919> particularly<00:20:56.320> those 00:20:56.549 --> 00:20:56.559 align:start position:0% track shifts and particularly those 00:20:56.559 --> 00:20:57.190 align:start position:0% track shifts and particularly those shifts 00:20:57.190 --> 00:20:57.200 align:start position:0% shifts 00:20:57.200 --> 00:20:59.029 align:start position:0% shifts meant<00:20:57.440> that<00:20:58.000> the<00:20:58.159> valley<00:20:58.480> that<00:20:58.640> was<00:20:58.880> the 00:20:59.029 --> 00:20:59.039 align:start position:0% meant that the valley that was the 00:20:59.039 --> 00:21:00.870 align:start position:0% meant that the valley that was the deepest<00:20:59.840> went<00:21:00.159> up<00:21:00.400> in<00:21:00.559> a 00:21:00.870 --> 00:21:00.880 align:start position:0% deepest went up in a 00:21:00.880 --> 00:21:02.870 align:start position:0% deepest went up in a valley<00:21:01.280> over<00:21:01.440> the<00:21:01.520> hill<00:21:01.760> went<00:21:02.000> down<00:21:02.400> you<00:21:02.559> don't 00:21:02.870 --> 00:21:02.880 align:start position:0% valley over the hill went down you don't 00:21:02.880 --> 00:21:04.310 align:start position:0% valley over the hill went down you don't have<00:21:03.039> a<00:21:03.120> direct<00:21:03.520> path 00:21:04.310 --> 00:21:04.320 align:start position:0% have a direct path 00:21:04.320 --> 00:21:06.070 align:start position:0% have a direct path how<00:21:04.480> do<00:21:04.640> you<00:21:04.799> keep<00:21:05.039> a<00:21:05.120> watching<00:21:05.520> brief<00:21:05.840> to 00:21:06.070 --> 00:21:06.080 align:start position:0% how do you keep a watching brief to 00:21:06.080 --> 00:21:07.990 align:start position:0% how do you keep a watching brief to continue<00:21:06.720> so<00:21:06.880> that<00:21:07.120> a<00:21:07.120> lot<00:21:07.280> of<00:21:07.440> it<00:21:07.600> had<00:21:07.760> to<00:21:07.840> do 00:21:07.990 --> 00:21:08.000 align:start position:0% continue so that a lot of it had to do 00:21:08.000 --> 00:21:08.710 align:start position:0% continue so that a lot of it had to do with 00:21:08.710 --> 00:21:08.720 align:start position:0% with 00:21:08.720 --> 00:21:10.870 align:start position:0% with strategies<00:21:09.440> for<00:21:09.679> keeping<00:21:10.080> a<00:21:10.159> watching<00:21:10.559> brief 00:21:10.870 --> 00:21:10.880 align:start position:0% strategies for keeping a watching brief 00:21:10.880 --> 00:21:11.990 align:start position:0% strategies for keeping a watching brief and<00:21:10.960> what<00:21:11.120> was<00:21:11.280> happening<00:21:11.600> in<00:21:11.679> different 00:21:11.990 --> 00:21:12.000 align:start position:0% and what was happening in different 00:21:12.000 --> 00:21:13.750 align:start position:0% and what was happening in different parts<00:21:12.320> of<00:21:12.400> space<00:21:12.799> and<00:21:12.880> then 00:21:13.750 --> 00:21:13.760 align:start position:0% parts of space and then 00:21:13.760 --> 00:21:17.270 align:start position:0% parts of space and then with<00:21:14.320> some<00:21:15.520> idea<00:21:16.000> of<00:21:16.320> not<00:21:16.480> wasting<00:21:16.960> time 00:21:17.270 --> 00:21:17.280 align:start position:0% with some idea of not wasting time 00:21:17.280 --> 00:21:18.710 align:start position:0% with some idea of not wasting time because<00:21:17.520> obviously<00:21:17.840> if<00:21:18.000> you've<00:21:18.159> spent<00:21:18.400> a<00:21:18.480> long 00:21:18.710 --> 00:21:18.720 align:start position:0% because obviously if you've spent a long 00:21:18.720 --> 00:21:19.350 align:start position:0% because obviously if you've spent a long time 00:21:19.350 --> 00:21:19.360 align:start position:0% time 00:21:19.360 --> 00:21:21.190 align:start position:0% time on<00:21:19.520> the<00:21:19.919> hilltops<00:21:20.480> looking<00:21:20.720> at<00:21:20.799> the<00:21:20.960> next 00:21:21.190 --> 00:21:21.200 align:start position:0% on the hilltops looking at the next 00:21:21.200 --> 00:21:23.669 align:start position:0% on the hilltops looking at the next valley<00:21:21.679> you're<00:21:21.840> not<00:21:22.000> going<00:21:22.240> to<00:21:22.480> overall 00:21:23.669 --> 00:21:23.679 align:start position:0% valley you're not going to overall 00:21:23.679 --> 00:21:26.070 align:start position:0% valley you're not going to overall minimize<00:21:24.240> so<00:21:24.559> that<00:21:24.799> that<00:21:24.960> was<00:21:25.120> my<00:21:25.360> thesis<00:21:25.840> work 00:21:26.070 --> 00:21:26.080 align:start position:0% minimize so that that was my thesis work 00:21:26.080 --> 00:21:26.789 align:start position:0% minimize so that that was my thesis work and<00:21:26.320> then 00:21:26.789 --> 00:21:26.799 align:start position:0% and then 00:21:26.799 --> 00:21:28.390 align:start position:0% and then that's<00:21:27.039> where<00:21:27.280> i<00:21:27.440> knew<00:21:27.600> about<00:21:27.919> the<00:21:28.000> work<00:21:28.320> of 00:21:28.390 --> 00:21:28.400 align:start position:0% that's where i knew about the work of 00:21:28.400 --> 00:21:30.070 align:start position:0% that's where i knew about the work of king<00:21:28.640> san<00:21:28.960> fer<00:21:29.360> so 00:21:30.070 --> 00:21:30.080 align:start position:0% king san fer so 00:21:30.080 --> 00:21:33.669 align:start position:0% king san fer so when<00:21:30.320> i<00:21:30.799> graduated<00:21:31.440> in<00:21:31.600> 68 00:21:33.669 --> 00:21:33.679 align:start position:0% when i graduated in 68 00:21:33.679 --> 00:21:35.990 align:start position:0% when i graduated in 68 i<00:21:33.760> was<00:21:34.000> attracted<00:21:34.640> to<00:21:34.960> go<00:21:35.200> overseas<00:21:35.760> and<00:21:35.919> it 00:21:35.990 --> 00:21:36.000 align:start position:0% i was attracted to go overseas and it 00:21:36.000 --> 00:21:38.549 align:start position:0% i was attracted to go overseas and it was<00:21:36.159> fairly<00:21:36.400> natural<00:21:36.960> for<00:21:37.120> me<00:21:37.280> to<00:21:37.440> say<00:21:37.679> okay 00:21:38.549 --> 00:21:38.559 align:start position:0% was fairly natural for me to say okay 00:21:38.559 --> 00:21:40.390 align:start position:0% was fairly natural for me to say okay purdue<00:21:38.960> is<00:21:39.039> a<00:21:39.120> good<00:21:39.280> place<00:21:39.520> to<00:21:39.679> go<00:21:40.000> i'd<00:21:40.159> never 00:21:40.390 --> 00:21:40.400 align:start position:0% purdue is a good place to go i'd never 00:21:40.400 --> 00:21:42.149 align:start position:0% purdue is a good place to go i'd never been<00:21:40.640> outside<00:21:41.120> australia<00:21:41.520> except<00:21:41.840> when<00:21:42.000> we 00:21:42.149 --> 00:21:42.159 align:start position:0% been outside australia except when we 00:21:42.159 --> 00:21:43.990 align:start position:0% been outside australia except when we migrated<00:21:42.840> initially 00:21:43.990 --> 00:21:44.000 align:start position:0% migrated initially 00:21:44.000 --> 00:21:47.430 align:start position:0% migrated initially and<00:21:44.559> so<00:21:44.720> it<00:21:44.799> was<00:21:44.960> a<00:21:45.120> great<00:21:45.520> uh<00:21:46.080> kind<00:21:46.320> of<00:21:46.480> excited 00:21:47.430 --> 00:21:47.440 align:start position:0% and so it was a great uh kind of excited 00:21:47.440 --> 00:21:50.070 align:start position:0% and so it was a great uh kind of excited exploration<00:21:48.159> to<00:21:48.320> go<00:21:48.559> to<00:21:48.799> the<00:21:49.280> united<00:21:49.760> states 00:21:50.070 --> 00:21:50.080 align:start position:0% exploration to go to the united states 00:21:50.080 --> 00:21:51.510 align:start position:0% exploration to go to the united states and<00:21:50.320> spend 00:21:51.510 --> 00:21:51.520 align:start position:0% and spend 00:21:51.520 --> 00:21:53.270 align:start position:0% and spend i<00:21:51.679> intended<00:21:52.159> initially<00:21:52.559> to<00:21:52.720> spend<00:21:52.960> a<00:21:53.039> year 00:21:53.270 --> 00:21:53.280 align:start position:0% i intended initially to spend a year 00:21:53.280 --> 00:21:54.789 align:start position:0% i intended initially to spend a year stay<00:21:53.679> two<00:21:53.919> years 00:21:54.789 --> 00:21:54.799 align:start position:0% stay two years 00:21:54.799 --> 00:21:56.870 align:start position:0% stay two years but<00:21:55.280> ironically<00:21:55.919> didn't<00:21:56.159> actually<00:21:56.480> work<00:21:56.640> with 00:21:56.870 --> 00:21:56.880 align:start position:0% but ironically didn't actually work with 00:21:56.880 --> 00:21:58.549 align:start position:0% but ironically didn't actually work with kings<00:21:57.200> unfair<00:21:57.600> work<00:21:57.840> with<00:21:58.000> ed<00:21:58.159> patrick 00:21:58.549 --> 00:21:58.559 align:start position:0% kings unfair work with ed patrick 00:21:58.559 --> 00:21:59.669 align:start position:0% kings unfair work with ed patrick instead 00:21:59.669 --> 00:21:59.679 align:start position:0% instead 00:21:59.679 --> 00:22:00.870 align:start position:0% instead and<00:21:59.760> that's<00:22:00.000> where<00:22:00.159> i<00:22:00.240> got<00:22:00.400> interested<00:22:00.799> in 00:22:00.870 --> 00:22:00.880 align:start position:0% and that's where i got interested in 00:22:00.880 --> 00:22:03.669 align:start position:0% and that's where i got interested in pattern<00:22:01.200> recognition<00:22:02.559> who<00:22:02.799> was<00:22:02.960> your<00:22:03.120> phd 00:22:03.669 --> 00:22:03.679 align:start position:0% pattern recognition who was your phd 00:22:03.679 --> 00:22:04.710 align:start position:0% pattern recognition who was your phd advisor 00:22:04.710 --> 00:22:04.720 align:start position:0% advisor 00:22:04.720 --> 00:22:08.390 align:start position:0% advisor i<00:22:04.960> was<00:22:06.799> dr 00:22:08.390 --> 00:22:08.400 align:start position:0% i was dr 00:22:08.400 --> 00:22:12.870 align:start position:0% i was dr brian<00:22:09.280> leary<00:22:09.760> leary<00:22:10.200> l-e-a-r-y<00:22:11.360> who 00:22:12.870 --> 00:22:12.880 align:start position:0% brian leary leary l-e-a-r-y who 00:22:12.880 --> 00:22:15.350 align:start position:0% brian leary leary l-e-a-r-y who did<00:22:13.120> not<00:22:13.360> have<00:22:13.520> a<00:22:13.760> strong<00:22:14.559> interest<00:22:14.960> in<00:22:15.120> my 00:22:15.350 --> 00:22:15.360 align:start position:0% did not have a strong interest in my 00:22:15.360 --> 00:22:16.149 align:start position:0% did not have a strong interest in my topic 00:22:16.149 --> 00:22:16.159 align:start position:0% topic 00:22:16.159 --> 00:22:19.029 align:start position:0% topic but<00:22:16.320> what<00:22:16.559> he<00:22:16.640> did<00:22:16.880> have<00:22:17.360> was<00:22:17.679> a<00:22:17.919> faith<00:22:18.720> that<00:22:18.960> i 00:22:19.029 --> 00:22:19.039 align:start position:0% but what he did have was a faith that i 00:22:19.039 --> 00:22:20.470 align:start position:0% but what he did have was a faith that i could<00:22:19.200> do<00:22:19.440> it<00:22:19.520> so<00:22:19.679> he<00:22:19.840> would<00:22:19.919> say<00:22:20.080> i'm<00:22:20.240> not 00:22:20.470 --> 00:22:20.480 align:start position:0% could do it so he would say i'm not 00:22:20.480 --> 00:22:21.669 align:start position:0% could do it so he would say i'm not quite<00:22:20.720> sure<00:22:20.960> what<00:22:21.120> you're<00:22:21.280> doing 00:22:21.669 --> 00:22:21.679 align:start position:0% quite sure what you're doing 00:22:21.679 --> 00:22:24.310 align:start position:0% quite sure what you're doing but<00:22:21.840> i<00:22:21.919> think<00:22:22.159> you<00:22:22.320> can<00:22:22.480> do<00:22:22.720> it<00:22:23.520> and<00:22:23.840> it<00:22:24.000> turned 00:22:24.310 --> 00:22:24.320 align:start position:0% but i think you can do it and it turned 00:22:24.320 --> 00:22:25.990 align:start position:0% but i think you can do it and it turned out<00:22:24.400> to<00:22:24.480> be<00:22:24.640> the<00:22:24.960> best<00:22:25.360> attitude 00:22:25.990 --> 00:22:26.000 align:start position:0% out to be the best attitude 00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:29.669 align:start position:0% out to be the best attitude because<00:22:26.799> i<00:22:26.960> didn't<00:22:27.200> want<00:22:27.520> too<00:22:27.760> much 00:22:29.669 --> 00:22:29.679 align:start position:0% because i didn't want too much 00:22:29.679 --> 00:22:32.630 align:start position:0% because i didn't want too much advice<00:22:30.720> quite<00:22:30.960> frankly<00:22:31.440> i<00:22:31.760> had<00:22:32.000> an<00:22:32.159> idea<00:22:32.480> and<00:22:32.559> i 00:22:32.630 --> 00:22:32.640 align:start position:0% advice quite frankly i had an idea and i 00:22:32.640 --> 00:22:33.270 align:start position:0% advice quite frankly i had an idea and i didn't<00:22:32.880> want 00:22:33.270 --> 00:22:33.280 align:start position:0% didn't want 00:22:33.280 --> 00:22:35.110 align:start position:0% didn't want someone<00:22:33.600> to<00:22:33.760> divert<00:22:34.240> me<00:22:34.400> from<00:22:34.559> what<00:22:34.720> i<00:22:34.799> wanted 00:22:35.110 --> 00:22:35.120 align:start position:0% someone to divert me from what i wanted 00:22:35.120 --> 00:22:36.710 align:start position:0% someone to divert me from what i wanted to<00:22:35.280> do 00:22:36.710 --> 00:22:36.720 align:start position:0% to do 00:22:36.720 --> 00:22:39.430 align:start position:0% to do so<00:22:37.120> that<00:22:38.000> that<00:22:38.240> part<00:22:38.640> worked<00:22:38.960> out<00:22:39.120> well 00:22:39.430 --> 00:22:39.440 align:start position:0% so that that part worked out well 00:22:39.440 --> 00:22:40.070 align:start position:0% so that that part worked out well because 00:22:40.070 --> 00:22:40.080 align:start position:0% because 00:22:40.080 --> 00:22:43.669 align:start position:0% because if<00:22:40.240> i<00:22:40.640> had<00:22:41.360> no<00:22:41.600> real<00:22:42.559> sort<00:22:42.720> of<00:22:42.880> drive 00:22:43.669 --> 00:22:43.679 align:start position:0% if i had no real sort of drive 00:22:43.679 --> 00:22:46.710 align:start position:0% if i had no real sort of drive then<00:22:45.360> the<00:22:45.600> supervisor 00:22:46.710 --> 00:22:46.720 align:start position:0% then the supervisor 00:22:46.720 --> 00:22:49.110 align:start position:0% then the supervisor not<00:22:47.520> being<00:22:47.760> specifically<00:22:48.400> interested<00:22:48.799> so<00:22:48.960> he 00:22:49.110 --> 00:22:49.120 align:start position:0% not being specifically interested so he 00:22:49.120 --> 00:22:50.470 align:start position:0% not being specifically interested so he was<00:22:49.280> generous<00:22:49.679> enough<00:22:49.919> to<00:22:50.080> say 00:22:50.470 --> 00:22:50.480 align:start position:0% was generous enough to say 00:22:50.480 --> 00:22:52.149 align:start position:0% was generous enough to say i'm<00:22:50.799> telling<00:22:51.120> you<00:22:51.200> now<00:22:51.440> i<00:22:51.520> don't<00:22:51.760> know<00:22:51.919> much 00:22:52.149 --> 00:22:52.159 align:start position:0% i'm telling you now i don't know much 00:22:52.159 --> 00:22:53.990 align:start position:0% i'm telling you now i don't know much about<00:22:52.480> it<00:22:53.440> i'm<00:22:53.600> willing 00:22:53.990 --> 00:22:54.000 align:start position:0% about it i'm willing 00:22:54.000 --> 00:22:56.070 align:start position:0% about it i'm willing to<00:22:54.320> act<00:22:54.559> as<00:22:54.720> a<00:22:54.799> supervisor<00:22:55.520> because<00:22:55.760> you<00:22:55.840> need 00:22:56.070 --> 00:22:56.080 align:start position:0% to act as a supervisor because you need 00:22:56.080 --> 00:22:57.270 align:start position:0% to act as a supervisor because you need one<00:22:56.320> formally 00:22:57.270 --> 00:22:57.280 align:start position:0% one formally 00:22:57.280 --> 00:22:58.710 align:start position:0% one formally i'll<00:22:57.520> help<00:22:57.679> you<00:22:57.840> where<00:22:58.000> you<00:22:58.159> can<00:22:58.400> to<00:22:58.559> get 00:22:58.710 --> 00:22:58.720 align:start position:0% i'll help you where you can to get 00:22:58.720 --> 00:23:01.350 align:start position:0% i'll help you where you can to get resources<00:22:59.440> but<00:22:59.919> don't<00:23:00.159> expect<00:23:00.640> that<00:23:00.880> and<00:23:01.120> i 00:23:01.350 --> 00:23:01.360 align:start position:0% resources but don't expect that and i 00:23:01.360 --> 00:23:04.310 align:start position:0% resources but don't expect that and i took<00:23:01.600> that<00:23:01.840> as<00:23:02.000> being<00:23:02.240> very<00:23:02.480> honest<00:23:02.880> and 00:23:04.310 --> 00:23:04.320 align:start position:0% took that as being very honest and 00:23:04.320 --> 00:23:06.870 align:start position:0% took that as being very honest and made<00:23:04.559> the<00:23:04.640> most<00:23:04.880> of<00:23:05.039> it<00:23:05.120> basically<00:23:06.559> so<00:23:06.720> that 00:23:06.870 --> 00:23:06.880 align:start position:0% made the most of it basically so that 00:23:06.880 --> 00:23:07.430 align:start position:0% made the most of it basically so that was<00:23:07.120> good 00:23:07.430 --> 00:23:07.440 align:start position:0% was good 00:23:07.440 --> 00:23:10.549 align:start position:0% was good so<00:23:08.640> he<00:23:08.880> would<00:23:09.520> not<00:23:09.679> be<00:23:09.840> embarrassed 00:23:10.549 --> 00:23:10.559 align:start position:0% so he would not be embarrassed 00:23:10.559 --> 00:23:14.510 align:start position:0% so he would not be embarrassed to<00:23:10.799> hear<00:23:11.039> that<00:23:11.360> uh<00:23:13.360> i<00:23:13.520> reported<00:23:14.000> his 00:23:14.510 --> 00:23:14.520 align:start position:0% to hear that uh i reported his 00:23:14.520 --> 00:23:16.390 align:start position:0% to hear that uh i reported his non-speciality<00:23:15.520> because<00:23:15.760> he<00:23:15.919> was<00:23:16.159> really 00:23:16.390 --> 00:23:16.400 align:start position:0% non-speciality because he was really 00:23:16.400 --> 00:23:17.750 align:start position:0% non-speciality because he was really upfront<00:23:16.799> about<00:23:17.120> that<00:23:17.280> and<00:23:17.440> i 00:23:17.750 --> 00:23:17.760 align:start position:0% upfront about that and i 00:23:17.760 --> 00:23:20.950 align:start position:0% upfront about that and i appreciated<00:23:18.400> that<00:23:18.640> at<00:23:18.720> the<00:23:18.880> time<00:23:20.400> because<00:23:20.640> i 00:23:20.950 --> 00:23:20.960 align:start position:0% appreciated that at the time because i 00:23:20.960 --> 00:23:21.350 align:start position:0% appreciated that at the time because i find 00:23:21.350 --> 00:23:21.360 align:start position:0% find 00:23:21.360 --> 00:23:23.990 align:start position:0% find sometimes<00:23:21.840> when<00:23:22.000> i<00:23:22.159> have<00:23:22.400> my<00:23:22.559> own<00:23:22.799> students 00:23:23.990 --> 00:23:24.000 align:start position:0% sometimes when i have my own students 00:23:24.000 --> 00:23:25.350 align:start position:0% sometimes when i have my own students and<00:23:24.159> they<00:23:24.400> start<00:23:24.640> drifting<00:23:25.120> in 00:23:25.350 --> 00:23:25.360 align:start position:0% and they start drifting in 00:23:25.360 --> 00:23:28.310 align:start position:0% and they start drifting in areas<00:23:25.760> that<00:23:25.919> i'm<00:23:26.080> not<00:23:26.320> familiar<00:23:26.720> with<00:23:27.840> i<00:23:28.080> tell 00:23:28.310 --> 00:23:28.320 align:start position:0% areas that i'm not familiar with i tell 00:23:28.320 --> 00:23:30.789 align:start position:0% areas that i'm not familiar with i tell them<00:23:28.559> outright<00:23:29.039> either<00:23:29.440> to 00:23:30.789 --> 00:23:30.799 align:start position:0% them outright either to 00:23:30.799 --> 00:23:32.470 align:start position:0% them outright either to get<00:23:31.039> advice<00:23:31.360> from<00:23:31.520> my<00:23:31.760> colleagues<00:23:32.159> who<00:23:32.320> are 00:23:32.470 --> 00:23:32.480 align:start position:0% get advice from my colleagues who are 00:23:32.480 --> 00:23:34.230 align:start position:0% get advice from my colleagues who are specialized<00:23:33.120> or<00:23:33.280> i<00:23:33.440> tell<00:23:33.679> them<00:23:33.840> look<00:23:34.080> if<00:23:34.159> you 00:23:34.230 --> 00:23:34.240 align:start position:0% specialized or i tell them look if you 00:23:34.240 --> 00:23:35.830 align:start position:0% specialized or i tell them look if you want<00:23:34.400> to<00:23:34.480> move<00:23:34.720> in<00:23:34.799> that<00:23:34.960> direction<00:23:35.440> i<00:23:35.600> can't 00:23:35.830 --> 00:23:35.840 align:start position:0% want to move in that direction i can't 00:23:35.840 --> 00:23:36.310 align:start position:0% want to move in that direction i can't help<00:23:36.080> you 00:23:36.310 --> 00:23:36.320 align:start position:0% help you 00:23:36.320 --> 00:23:37.909 align:start position:0% help you may<00:23:36.559> be<00:23:36.720> better<00:23:36.960> for<00:23:37.120> you<00:23:37.200> to<00:23:37.280> find<00:23:37.520> another 00:23:37.909 --> 00:23:37.919 align:start position:0% may be better for you to find another 00:23:37.919 --> 00:23:39.750 align:start position:0% may be better for you to find another advice<00:23:38.320> i<00:23:38.640> think<00:23:38.799> it's<00:23:38.960> good<00:23:39.120> to<00:23:39.120> be<00:23:39.280> up<00:23:39.440> front 00:23:39.750 --> 00:23:39.760 align:start position:0% advice i think it's good to be up front 00:23:39.760 --> 00:23:40.950 align:start position:0% advice i think it's good to be up front because 00:23:40.950 --> 00:23:40.960 align:start position:0% because 00:23:40.960 --> 00:23:42.789 align:start position:0% because it's<00:23:41.200> not<00:23:41.360> good<00:23:41.600> for<00:23:41.679> a<00:23:41.840> student<00:23:42.159> to<00:23:42.400> believe 00:23:42.789 --> 00:23:42.799 align:start position:0% it's not good for a student to believe 00:23:42.799 --> 00:23:44.230 align:start position:0% it's not good for a student to believe his<00:23:43.520> advisor 00:23:44.230 --> 00:23:44.240 align:start position:0% his advisor 00:23:44.240 --> 00:23:47.590 align:start position:0% his advisor is<00:23:44.320> an<00:23:44.480> expert<00:23:46.000> and<00:23:46.240> find<00:23:46.480> out<00:23:46.720> later<00:23:47.039> that<00:23:47.200> his 00:23:47.590 --> 00:23:47.600 align:start position:0% is an expert and find out later that his 00:23:47.600 --> 00:23:50.630 align:start position:0% is an expert and find out later that his suggestions<00:23:48.320> are<00:23:48.720> almost<00:23:49.200> wild<00:23:49.440> guesses 00:23:50.630 --> 00:23:50.640 align:start position:0% suggestions are almost wild guesses 00:23:50.640 --> 00:23:52.390 align:start position:0% suggestions are almost wild guesses and<00:23:50.799> don't<00:23:51.039> really<00:23:51.440> reflect<00:23:52.159> what's 00:23:52.390 --> 00:23:52.400 align:start position:0% and don't really reflect what's 00:23:52.400 --> 00:23:53.669 align:start position:0% and don't really reflect what's happening<00:23:52.720> on<00:23:52.960> the<00:23:53.039> field<00:23:53.360> and<00:23:53.440> i<00:23:53.520> think 00:23:53.669 --> 00:23:53.679 align:start position:0% happening on the field and i think 00:23:53.679 --> 00:23:56.070 align:start position:0% happening on the field and i think that's<00:23:53.840> dishonest<00:23:54.480> so<00:23:54.720> i<00:23:55.440> really<00:23:55.679> like<00:23:55.919> this 00:23:56.070 --> 00:23:56.080 align:start position:0% that's dishonest so i really like this 00:23:56.080 --> 00:23:56.470 align:start position:0% that's dishonest so i really like this straight 00:23:56.470 --> 00:23:56.480 align:start position:0% straight 00:23:56.480 --> 00:23:59.990 align:start position:0% straight forward<00:23:56.960> approach<00:23:58.720> so 00:23:59.990 --> 00:24:00.000 align:start position:0% forward approach so 00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:02.630 align:start position:0% forward approach so and<00:24:00.159> so<00:24:00.320> when<00:24:00.480> you<00:24:00.640> got<00:24:00.880> to<00:24:01.120> purdue<00:24:01.919> what<00:24:02.159> was 00:24:02.630 --> 00:24:02.640 align:start position:0% and so when you got to purdue what was 00:24:02.640 --> 00:24:04.230 align:start position:0% and so when you got to purdue what was what<00:24:02.799> was<00:24:02.960> the<00:24:03.120> situation<00:24:03.679> there<00:24:03.840> like<00:24:04.080> what 00:24:04.230 --> 00:24:04.240 align:start position:0% what was the situation there like what 00:24:04.240 --> 00:24:05.269 align:start position:0% what was the situation there like what kind<00:24:04.480> of 00:24:05.269 --> 00:24:05.279 align:start position:0% kind of 00:24:05.279 --> 00:24:08.470 align:start position:0% kind of okay<00:24:05.760> now<00:24:06.159> what<00:24:06.320> i<00:24:06.480> found<00:24:06.880> out<00:24:07.120> was<00:24:07.360> that<00:24:07.679> uh<00:24:08.240> ed 00:24:08.470 --> 00:24:08.480 align:start position:0% okay now what i found out was that uh ed 00:24:08.480 --> 00:24:10.310 align:start position:0% okay now what i found out was that uh ed patrick 00:24:10.310 --> 00:24:10.320 align:start position:0% patrick 00:24:10.320 --> 00:24:12.390 align:start position:0% patrick who<00:24:10.640> had<00:24:10.880> a<00:24:10.960> very<00:24:11.279> strong<00:24:11.840> theoretical 00:24:12.390 --> 00:24:12.400 align:start position:0% who had a very strong theoretical 00:24:12.400 --> 00:24:14.390 align:start position:0% who had a very strong theoretical background<00:24:12.880> in<00:24:13.039> pattern<00:24:13.360> recognition<00:24:14.080> had<00:24:14.320> a 00:24:14.390 --> 00:24:14.400 align:start position:0% background in pattern recognition had a 00:24:14.400 --> 00:24:16.549 align:start position:0% background in pattern recognition had a number<00:24:14.640> of<00:24:14.720> students<00:24:15.120> working<00:24:15.440> in<00:24:15.520> this<00:24:15.760> area 00:24:16.549 --> 00:24:16.559 align:start position:0% number of students working in this area 00:24:16.559 --> 00:24:20.070 align:start position:0% number of students working in this area i<00:24:16.799> got<00:24:17.919> friendly<00:24:18.240> with<00:24:18.480> one<00:24:18.720> of<00:24:18.880> his<00:24:19.520> students 00:24:20.070 --> 00:24:20.080 align:start position:0% i got friendly with one of his students 00:24:20.080 --> 00:24:22.070 align:start position:0% i got friendly with one of his students and<00:24:20.159> we<00:24:20.320> worked<00:24:20.559> together<00:24:20.960> on<00:24:21.120> a<00:24:21.279> project 00:24:22.070 --> 00:24:22.080 align:start position:0% and we worked together on a project 00:24:22.080 --> 00:24:25.990 align:start position:0% and we worked together on a project several<00:24:22.559> two<00:24:23.679> and<00:24:24.240> one<00:24:24.480> of<00:24:24.559> them<00:24:24.799> was<00:24:25.120> to 00:24:25.990 --> 00:24:26.000 align:start position:0% several two and one of them was to 00:24:26.000 --> 00:24:29.830 align:start position:0% several two and one of them was to build<00:24:26.320> an<00:24:26.640> interface<00:24:28.720> to<00:24:28.960> their<00:24:29.200> computer 00:24:29.830 --> 00:24:29.840 align:start position:0% build an interface to their computer 00:24:29.840 --> 00:24:31.990 align:start position:0% build an interface to their computer to<00:24:30.159> do<00:24:30.320> some<00:24:30.559> image<00:24:30.880> processing<00:24:31.600> in<00:24:31.760> those 00:24:31.990 --> 00:24:32.000 align:start position:0% to do some image processing in those 00:24:32.000 --> 00:24:34.070 align:start position:0% to do some image processing in those days<00:24:32.559> one<00:24:32.799> didn't<00:24:33.039> have<00:24:33.360> sort<00:24:33.520> of<00:24:33.600> standard 00:24:34.070 --> 00:24:34.080 align:start position:0% days one didn't have sort of standard 00:24:34.080 --> 00:24:34.870 align:start position:0% days one didn't have sort of standard cameras 00:24:34.870 --> 00:24:34.880 align:start position:0% cameras 00:24:34.880 --> 00:24:37.590 align:start position:0% cameras so<00:24:35.039> this<00:24:35.200> was<00:24:35.679> like<00:24:35.919> a<00:24:36.080> scanning<00:24:36.880> method<00:24:37.279> of 00:24:37.590 --> 00:24:37.600 align:start position:0% so this was like a scanning method of 00:24:37.600 --> 00:24:39.669 align:start position:0% so this was like a scanning method of collecting<00:24:38.159> data<00:24:38.559> and<00:24:38.640> analog<00:24:39.120> so<00:24:39.360> that<00:24:39.520> was 00:24:39.669 --> 00:24:39.679 align:start position:0% collecting data and analog so that was 00:24:39.679 --> 00:24:41.350 align:start position:0% collecting data and analog so that was my<00:24:39.919> first 00:24:41.350 --> 00:24:41.360 align:start position:0% my first 00:24:41.360 --> 00:24:43.430 align:start position:0% my first interest<00:24:41.840> in<00:24:41.919> the<00:24:42.080> image<00:24:42.400> processing<00:24:43.039> side 00:24:43.430 --> 00:24:43.440 align:start position:0% interest in the image processing side 00:24:43.440 --> 00:24:45.269 align:start position:0% interest in the image processing side and<00:24:43.600> i<00:24:43.840> also<00:24:44.159> was<00:24:44.400> very<00:24:44.559> interested<00:24:45.039> in 00:24:45.269 --> 00:24:45.279 align:start position:0% and i also was very interested in 00:24:45.279 --> 00:24:46.789 align:start position:0% and i also was very interested in various<00:24:45.679> pattern<00:24:46.000> recognition 00:24:46.789 --> 00:24:46.799 align:start position:0% various pattern recognition 00:24:46.799 --> 00:24:50.390 align:start position:0% various pattern recognition methodologies 00:24:50.390 --> 00:24:50.400 align:start position:0% 00:24:50.400 --> 00:24:54.149 align:start position:0% patrick<00:24:50.799> was<00:24:51.679> very<00:24:52.880> smart<00:24:53.279> in 00:24:54.149 --> 00:24:54.159 align:start position:0% patrick was very smart in 00:24:54.159 --> 00:24:57.830 align:start position:0% patrick was very smart in sort<00:24:54.320> of<00:24:54.480> high<00:24:54.799> level<00:24:55.840> mathematics<00:24:56.559> about 00:24:57.830 --> 00:24:57.840 align:start position:0% sort of high level mathematics about 00:24:57.840 --> 00:24:59.669 align:start position:0% sort of high level mathematics about probabilistic<00:24:58.640> structures<00:24:59.120> and<00:24:59.279> the<00:24:59.360> like 00:24:59.669 --> 00:24:59.679 align:start position:0% probabilistic structures and the like 00:24:59.679 --> 00:25:01.510 align:start position:0% probabilistic structures and the like and<00:24:59.840> he<00:25:00.080> happened<00:25:00.480> to<00:25:00.640> have<00:25:00.880> some<00:25:01.200> good 00:25:01.510 --> 00:25:01.520 align:start position:0% and he happened to have some good 00:25:01.520 --> 00:25:03.190 align:start position:0% and he happened to have some good external<00:25:02.000> grants<00:25:02.400> so<00:25:02.559> it<00:25:02.559> was<00:25:02.720> really<00:25:02.960> nice 00:25:03.190 --> 00:25:03.200 align:start position:0% external grants so it was really nice 00:25:03.200 --> 00:25:04.789 align:start position:0% external grants so it was really nice working<00:25:03.520> with<00:25:03.679> a<00:25:03.760> group<00:25:04.000> where 00:25:04.789 --> 00:25:04.799 align:start position:0% working with a group where 00:25:04.799 --> 00:25:06.470 align:start position:0% working with a group where there<00:25:04.960> was<00:25:05.200> funds<00:25:05.520> for<00:25:05.760> travel<00:25:06.159> and<00:25:06.240> there's 00:25:06.470 --> 00:25:06.480 align:start position:0% there was funds for travel and there's 00:25:06.480 --> 00:25:08.789 align:start position:0% there was funds for travel and there's no<00:25:06.720> concern<00:25:07.279> about<00:25:07.679> buying<00:25:08.000> components<00:25:08.720> and 00:25:08.789 --> 00:25:08.799 align:start position:0% no concern about buying components and 00:25:08.799 --> 00:25:10.549 align:start position:0% no concern about buying components and things<00:25:09.039> like<00:25:09.200> that<00:25:09.440> so<00:25:09.679> for<00:25:09.840> me<00:25:10.000> it<00:25:10.080> was<00:25:10.320> rather 00:25:10.549 --> 00:25:10.559 align:start position:0% things like that so for me it was rather 00:25:10.559 --> 00:25:12.070 align:start position:0% things like that so for me it was rather nice<00:25:10.880> i<00:25:10.960> did<00:25:11.120> a<00:25:11.200> little<00:25:11.360> bit<00:25:11.440> of<00:25:11.520> lecturing<00:25:11.919> as 00:25:12.070 --> 00:25:12.080 align:start position:0% nice i did a little bit of lecturing as 00:25:12.080 --> 00:25:13.110 align:start position:0% nice i did a little bit of lecturing as well 00:25:13.110 --> 00:25:13.120 align:start position:0% well 00:25:13.120 --> 00:25:16.870 align:start position:0% well in<00:25:14.880> computer<00:25:15.279> logic<00:25:16.000> theory<00:25:16.320> and<00:25:16.480> stuff<00:25:16.720> like 00:25:16.870 --> 00:25:16.880 align:start position:0% in computer logic theory and stuff like 00:25:16.880 --> 00:25:19.430 align:start position:0% in computer logic theory and stuff like that<00:25:17.120> so<00:25:17.279> it<00:25:17.279> was<00:25:17.520> a<00:25:17.600> pretty<00:25:17.919> nice<00:25:18.320> time 00:25:19.430 --> 00:25:19.440 align:start position:0% that so it was a pretty nice time 00:25:19.440 --> 00:25:22.710 align:start position:0% that so it was a pretty nice time um<00:25:19.919> we<00:25:20.159> wrote<00:25:20.400> a<00:25:20.480> couple<00:25:20.720> of<00:25:20.880> papers<00:25:21.279> together 00:25:22.710 --> 00:25:22.720 align:start position:0% um we wrote a couple of papers together 00:25:22.720 --> 00:25:24.870 align:start position:0% um we wrote a couple of papers together uh<00:25:23.039> i<00:25:23.200> got<00:25:23.360> registered<00:25:23.840> in<00:25:24.000> an<00:25:24.400> area<00:25:24.640> called 00:25:24.870 --> 00:25:24.880 align:start position:0% uh i got registered in an area called 00:25:24.880 --> 00:25:26.230 align:start position:0% uh i got registered in an area called clustering<00:25:25.360> which<00:25:25.600> is 00:25:26.230 --> 00:25:26.240 align:start position:0% clustering which is 00:25:26.240 --> 00:25:30.710 align:start position:0% clustering which is non-supervised<00:25:27.200> pattern<00:25:27.440> recognition<00:25:28.960> and 00:25:30.710 --> 00:25:30.720 align:start position:0% non-supervised pattern recognition and 00:25:30.720 --> 00:25:33.990 align:start position:0% non-supervised pattern recognition and i<00:25:31.360> authored<00:25:31.840> a<00:25:32.159> paper<00:25:32.720> which<00:25:33.200> i 00:25:33.990 --> 00:25:34.000 align:start position:0% i authored a paper which i 00:25:34.000 --> 00:25:35.990 align:start position:0% i authored a paper which i acknowledged<00:25:34.640> his<00:25:34.880> support<00:25:35.360> as<00:25:35.600> second 00:25:35.990 --> 00:25:36.000 align:start position:0% acknowledged his support as second 00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:37.350 align:start position:0% acknowledged his support as second author 00:25:37.350 --> 00:25:37.360 align:start position:0% author 00:25:37.360 --> 00:25:40.390 align:start position:0% author on<00:25:37.679> on<00:25:38.000> clustering<00:25:38.480> methodology<00:25:39.360> which 00:25:40.390 --> 00:25:40.400 align:start position:0% on on clustering methodology which 00:25:40.400 --> 00:25:42.789 align:start position:0% on on clustering methodology which turns<00:25:40.799> out<00:25:41.039> to<00:25:41.200> be<00:25:41.760> more<00:25:41.919> useful<00:25:42.240> than<00:25:42.400> i<00:25:42.559> ever 00:25:42.789 --> 00:25:42.799 align:start position:0% turns out to be more useful than i ever 00:25:42.799 --> 00:25:45.190 align:start position:0% turns out to be more useful than i ever imagined<00:25:43.279> because 00:25:45.190 --> 00:25:45.200 align:start position:0% imagined because 00:25:45.200 --> 00:25:47.669 align:start position:0% imagined because it<00:25:45.360> was<00:25:45.600> called<00:25:46.159> clustering<00:25:47.120> using<00:25:47.520> a 00:25:47.669 --> 00:25:47.679 align:start position:0% it was called clustering using a 00:25:47.679 --> 00:25:48.710 align:start position:0% it was called clustering using a similarity 00:25:48.710 --> 00:25:48.720 align:start position:0% similarity 00:25:48.720 --> 00:25:51.990 align:start position:0% similarity based<00:25:49.120> on<00:25:49.440> sharing<00:25:49.919> new<00:25:50.240> neighbours<00:25:51.279> now<00:25:51.679> the 00:25:51.990 --> 00:25:52.000 align:start position:0% based on sharing new neighbours now the 00:25:52.000 --> 00:25:55.269 align:start position:0% based on sharing new neighbours now the title<00:25:52.400> actually<00:25:52.720> tells<00:25:53.039> you<00:25:53.200> the<00:25:53.279> method<00:25:54.159> so 00:25:55.269 --> 00:25:55.279 align:start position:0% title actually tells you the method so 00:25:55.279 --> 00:25:57.350 align:start position:0% title actually tells you the method so the<00:25:55.440> method<00:25:55.840> was<00:25:56.000> just<00:25:56.320> super<00:25:56.720> simple<00:25:57.200> what 00:25:57.350 --> 00:25:57.360 align:start position:0% the method was just super simple what 00:25:57.360 --> 00:25:59.350 align:start position:0% the method was just super simple what you<00:25:57.520> did<00:25:57.760> is<00:25:58.000> imagine<00:25:58.400> all<00:25:58.559> these<00:25:58.799> points<00:25:59.200> in 00:25:59.350 --> 00:25:59.360 align:start position:0% you did is imagine all these points in 00:25:59.360 --> 00:25:59.830 align:start position:0% you did is imagine all these points in there 00:25:59.830 --> 00:25:59.840 align:start position:0% there 00:25:59.840 --> 00:26:03.909 align:start position:0% there so<00:26:00.000> you<00:26:00.159> click<00:26:00.480> in<00:26:00.559> space<00:26:01.760> you<00:26:02.000> found 00:26:03.909 --> 00:26:03.919 align:start position:0% so you click in space you found 00:26:03.919 --> 00:26:07.510 align:start position:0% so you click in space you found maybe<00:26:05.679> k<00:26:05.919> nearest<00:26:06.320> neighbors<00:26:06.799> okay<00:26:07.200> maybe 00:26:07.510 --> 00:26:07.520 align:start position:0% maybe k nearest neighbors okay maybe 00:26:07.520 --> 00:26:09.669 align:start position:0% maybe k nearest neighbors okay maybe seven<00:26:07.840> or<00:26:08.000> ten<00:26:08.240> for<00:26:08.480> each<00:26:08.799> point 00:26:09.669 --> 00:26:09.679 align:start position:0% seven or ten for each point 00:26:09.679 --> 00:26:11.510 align:start position:0% seven or ten for each point and<00:26:09.840> you<00:26:10.000> looked<00:26:10.320> at<00:26:10.480> the<00:26:10.640> neighborhood<00:26:11.120> list 00:26:11.510 --> 00:26:11.520 align:start position:0% and you looked at the neighborhood list 00:26:11.520 --> 00:26:13.190 align:start position:0% and you looked at the neighborhood list of<00:26:11.760> two<00:26:12.000> points<00:26:12.320> and<00:26:12.400> you<00:26:12.559> said 00:26:13.190 --> 00:26:13.200 align:start position:0% of two points and you said 00:26:13.200 --> 00:26:16.390 align:start position:0% of two points and you said these<00:26:13.440> two<00:26:13.679> points<00:26:14.159> could<00:26:14.320> be<00:26:14.960> considered 00:26:16.390 --> 00:26:16.400 align:start position:0% these two points could be considered 00:26:16.400 --> 00:26:18.710 align:start position:0% these two points could be considered put<00:26:16.640> together<00:26:17.679> if<00:26:17.840> they<00:26:18.159> shared<00:26:18.400> a<00:26:18.480> lot<00:26:18.640> of 00:26:18.710 --> 00:26:18.720 align:start position:0% put together if they shared a lot of 00:26:18.720 --> 00:26:20.470 align:start position:0% put together if they shared a lot of neighbours<00:26:19.120> it's<00:26:19.279> a<00:26:19.360> bit<00:26:19.520> like<00:26:19.760> saying 00:26:20.470 --> 00:26:20.480 align:start position:0% neighbours it's a bit like saying 00:26:20.480 --> 00:26:22.070 align:start position:0% neighbours it's a bit like saying tell<00:26:20.640> me<00:26:20.799> your<00:26:21.039> friends<00:26:21.360> you<00:26:21.520> tell<00:26:21.679> me<00:26:21.840> your 00:26:22.070 --> 00:26:22.080 align:start position:0% tell me your friends you tell me your 00:26:22.080 --> 00:26:23.590 align:start position:0% tell me your friends you tell me your friends<00:26:22.400> if<00:26:22.559> many<00:26:22.720> of<00:26:22.799> them<00:26:22.960> common<00:26:23.279> you<00:26:23.520> are 00:26:23.590 --> 00:26:23.600 align:start position:0% friends if many of them common you are 00:26:23.600 --> 00:26:23.990 align:start position:0% friends if many of them common you are probably 00:26:23.990 --> 00:26:24.000 align:start position:0% probably 00:26:24.000 --> 00:26:27.269 align:start position:0% probably friends<00:26:25.039> and<00:26:25.360> it's<00:26:25.679> a<00:26:25.760> very<00:26:26.000> very<00:26:26.320> simplistic 00:26:27.269 --> 00:26:27.279 align:start position:0% friends and it's a very very simplistic 00:26:27.279 --> 00:26:30.710 align:start position:0% friends and it's a very very simplistic computation<00:26:28.640> and<00:26:28.880> it<00:26:28.960> doesn't<00:26:30.080> make<00:26:30.400> any 00:26:30.710 --> 00:26:30.720 align:start position:0% computation and it doesn't make any 00:26:30.720 --> 00:26:31.990 align:start position:0% computation and it doesn't make any assumption<00:26:31.120> about<00:26:31.440> underlying 00:26:31.990 --> 00:26:32.000 align:start position:0% assumption about underlying 00:26:32.000 --> 00:26:33.269 align:start position:0% assumption about underlying probabilistic<00:26:32.640> so<00:26:32.799> it's 00:26:33.269 --> 00:26:33.279 align:start position:0% probabilistic so it's 00:26:33.279 --> 00:26:36.070 align:start position:0% probabilistic so it's totally<00:26:33.679> non-parametric<00:26:35.200> and<00:26:35.440> by<00:26:35.679> changing 00:26:36.070 --> 00:26:36.080 align:start position:0% totally non-parametric and by changing 00:26:36.080 --> 00:26:37.590 align:start position:0% totally non-parametric and by changing the<00:26:36.320> size<00:26:36.640> of<00:26:36.799> the<00:26:36.880> neighborhood<00:26:37.360> and<00:26:37.440> the 00:26:37.590 --> 00:26:37.600 align:start position:0% the size of the neighborhood and the 00:26:37.600 --> 00:26:39.269 align:start position:0% the size of the neighborhood and the thresholds<00:26:38.320> you<00:26:38.480> could 00:26:39.269 --> 00:26:39.279 align:start position:0% thresholds you could 00:26:39.279 --> 00:26:40.950 align:start position:0% thresholds you could adapt<00:26:39.679> to<00:26:39.840> many<00:26:40.159> different<00:26:40.559> sorts<00:26:40.880> of 00:26:40.950 --> 00:26:40.960 align:start position:0% adapt to many different sorts of 00:26:40.960 --> 00:26:42.710 align:start position:0% adapt to many different sorts of clusters<00:26:41.520> clusters<00:26:41.840> that<00:26:42.000> were<00:26:42.159> long 00:26:42.710 --> 00:26:42.720 align:start position:0% clusters clusters that were long 00:26:42.720 --> 00:26:44.390 align:start position:0% clusters clusters that were long strings<00:26:43.200> of<00:26:43.360> points<00:26:43.679> those<00:26:43.919> are<00:26:44.159> very 00:26:44.390 --> 00:26:44.400 align:start position:0% strings of points those are very 00:26:44.400 --> 00:26:45.750 align:start position:0% strings of points those are very globular<00:26:44.880> and<00:26:44.960> so<00:26:45.200> on 00:26:45.750 --> 00:26:45.760 align:start position:0% globular and so on 00:26:45.760 --> 00:26:48.950 align:start position:0% globular and so on and<00:26:45.919> then<00:26:46.159> 20<00:26:46.400> years<00:26:46.720> afterwards 00:26:48.950 --> 00:26:48.960 align:start position:0% and then 20 years afterwards 00:26:48.960 --> 00:26:52.710 align:start position:0% and then 20 years afterwards say<00:26:49.279> five<00:26:49.600> years<00:26:49.840> ago<00:26:50.880> i<00:26:51.039> just<00:26:51.279> looked<00:26:51.600> up 00:26:52.710 --> 00:26:52.720 align:start position:0% say five years ago i just looked up 00:26:52.720 --> 00:26:55.029 align:start position:0% say five years ago i just looked up clustering<00:26:53.840> and<00:26:54.080> i<00:26:54.159> found<00:26:54.480> everywhere 00:26:55.029 --> 00:26:55.039 align:start position:0% clustering and i found everywhere 00:26:55.039 --> 00:26:57.669 align:start position:0% clustering and i found everywhere they're<00:26:55.279> referring<00:26:55.679> to<00:26:55.840> this<00:26:56.159> jp<00:26:56.799> algorithm 00:26:57.669 --> 00:26:57.679 align:start position:0% they're referring to this jp algorithm 00:26:57.679 --> 00:26:59.990 align:start position:0% they're referring to this jp algorithm what<00:26:57.840> the<00:26:58.000> heck<00:26:58.240> is<00:26:58.400> the<00:26:58.480> jp<00:26:59.039> algorithm<00:26:59.600> it<00:26:59.760> was 00:26:59.990 --> 00:27:00.000 align:start position:0% what the heck is the jp algorithm it was 00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:01.830 align:start position:0% what the heck is the jp algorithm it was java's<00:27:00.400> patrick<00:27:00.880> algorithm<00:27:01.360> so<00:27:01.440> i<00:27:01.520> was<00:27:01.679> very 00:27:01.830 --> 00:27:01.840 align:start position:0% java's patrick algorithm so i was very 00:27:01.840 --> 00:27:02.870 align:start position:0% java's patrick algorithm so i was very pleased<00:27:02.080> to<00:27:02.240> find 00:27:02.870 --> 00:27:02.880 align:start position:0% pleased to find 00:27:02.880 --> 00:27:04.310 align:start position:0% pleased to find it<00:27:03.039> was<00:27:03.279> in<00:27:03.360> great<00:27:03.600> use<00:27:03.919> and<00:27:04.080> by 00:27:04.310 --> 00:27:04.320 align:start position:0% it was in great use and by 00:27:04.320 --> 00:27:07.269 align:start position:0% it was in great use and by pharmaceutical<00:27:05.120> and<00:27:05.279> molecular 00:27:07.269 --> 00:27:07.279 align:start position:0% pharmaceutical and molecular 00:27:07.279 --> 00:27:08.950 align:start position:0% pharmaceutical and molecular people<00:27:07.600> who<00:27:07.760> are<00:27:07.840> working<00:27:08.240> in<00:27:08.320> the<00:27:08.480> field<00:27:08.880> on 00:27:08.950 --> 00:27:08.960 align:start position:0% people who are working in the field on 00:27:08.960 --> 00:27:10.470 align:start position:0% people who are working in the field on the<00:27:09.120> edge<00:27:09.440> of<00:27:09.840> medicine 00:27:10.470 --> 00:27:10.480 align:start position:0% the edge of medicine 00:27:10.480 --> 00:27:13.590 align:start position:0% the edge of medicine and<00:27:11.440> molecular<00:27:12.159> chemistry<00:27:13.039> they're<00:27:13.279> using 00:27:13.590 --> 00:27:13.600 align:start position:0% and molecular chemistry they're using 00:27:13.600 --> 00:27:15.669 align:start position:0% and molecular chemistry they're using this<00:27:13.760> as<00:27:13.919> a<00:27:14.080> standard<00:27:14.480> method<00:27:14.880> for<00:27:15.120> clustering 00:27:15.669 --> 00:27:15.679 align:start position:0% this as a standard method for clustering 00:27:15.679 --> 00:27:17.909 align:start position:0% this as a standard method for clustering their<00:27:15.919> different<00:27:16.320> types<00:27:16.640> of<00:27:16.799> products<00:27:17.200> and 00:27:17.909 --> 00:27:17.919 align:start position:0% their different types of products and 00:27:17.919 --> 00:27:20.070 align:start position:0% their different types of products and and<00:27:18.159> making<00:27:18.480> this<00:27:18.799> clustering<00:27:19.440> available<00:27:19.919> to 00:27:20.070 --> 00:27:20.080 align:start position:0% and making this clustering available to 00:27:20.080 --> 00:27:22.470 align:start position:0% and making this clustering available to their<00:27:20.640> customers<00:27:21.200> and<00:27:21.360> the<00:27:21.440> like 00:27:22.470 --> 00:27:22.480 align:start position:0% their customers and the like 00:27:22.480 --> 00:27:24.630 align:start position:0% their customers and the like so<00:27:22.880> uh<00:27:23.200> video<00:27:23.520> didn't<00:27:23.760> patent<00:27:24.159> it<00:27:24.240> but<00:27:24.559> you 00:27:24.630 --> 00:27:24.640 align:start position:0% so uh video didn't patent it but you 00:27:24.640 --> 00:27:26.789 align:start position:0% so uh video didn't patent it but you know<00:27:24.799> i<00:27:24.799> was<00:27:24.960> pleased<00:27:25.200> to<00:27:25.279> see<00:27:25.440> it<00:27:25.440> was<00:27:25.679> used 00:27:26.789 --> 00:27:26.799 align:start position:0% know i was pleased to see it was used 00:27:26.799 --> 00:27:30.310 align:start position:0% know i was pleased to see it was used and<00:27:27.360> that's<00:27:27.760> where<00:27:28.320> the<00:27:28.720> kind<00:27:28.960> of<00:27:29.200> mix<00:27:29.520> came 00:27:30.310 --> 00:27:30.320 align:start position:0% and that's where the kind of mix came 00:27:30.320 --> 00:27:34.470 align:start position:0% and that's where the kind of mix came drifting<00:27:30.880> out<00:27:31.120> of<00:27:31.600> global<00:27:33.039> optimality<00:27:33.919> into 00:27:34.470 --> 00:27:34.480 align:start position:0% drifting out of global optimality into 00:27:34.480 --> 00:27:36.630 align:start position:0% drifting out of global optimality into pattern<00:27:34.799> recognition<00:27:35.520> and<00:27:35.760> image<00:27:36.080> processing 00:27:36.630 --> 00:27:36.640 align:start position:0% pattern recognition and image processing 00:27:36.640 --> 00:27:38.230 align:start position:0% pattern recognition and image processing that<00:27:36.960> finally<00:27:37.360> led<00:27:37.520> to<00:27:37.679> my<00:27:37.840> interest<00:27:38.159> in 00:27:38.230 --> 00:27:38.240 align:start position:0% that finally led to my interest in 00:27:38.240 --> 00:27:40.389 align:start position:0% that finally led to my interest in computer<00:27:38.640> vision<00:27:38.960> and<00:27:39.200> violence 00:27:40.389 --> 00:27:40.399 align:start position:0% computer vision and violence 00:27:40.399 --> 00:27:41.909 align:start position:0% computer vision and violence did<00:27:40.640> you<00:27:40.880> while<00:27:41.120> you<00:27:41.279> were<00:27:41.440> doing<00:27:41.679> the 00:27:41.909 --> 00:27:41.919 align:start position:0% did you while you were doing the 00:27:41.919 --> 00:27:43.110 align:start position:0% did you while you were doing the clustering<00:27:42.399> work<00:27:42.559> did<00:27:42.720> you<00:27:42.880> have<00:27:42.960> a 00:27:43.110 --> 00:27:43.120 align:start position:0% clustering work did you have a 00:27:43.120 --> 00:27:44.789 align:start position:0% clustering work did you have a particular<00:27:43.520> application<00:27:44.000> for<00:27:44.159> it<00:27:44.320> in<00:27:44.399> mind<00:27:44.720> or 00:27:44.789 --> 00:27:44.799 align:start position:0% particular application for it in mind or 00:27:44.799 --> 00:27:45.590 align:start position:0% particular application for it in mind or was<00:27:45.039> it 00:27:45.590 --> 00:27:45.600 align:start position:0% was it 00:27:45.600 --> 00:27:48.710 align:start position:0% was it uh<00:27:46.480> no<00:27:46.799> i<00:27:46.880> think<00:27:47.279> i<00:27:47.440> was<00:27:47.760> simply 00:27:48.710 --> 00:27:48.720 align:start position:0% uh no i think i was simply 00:27:48.720 --> 00:27:51.430 align:start position:0% uh no i think i was simply picking<00:27:49.120> up<00:27:49.440> the<00:27:50.000> interests<00:27:50.640> of<00:27:50.960> the<00:27:51.120> people 00:27:51.430 --> 00:27:51.440 align:start position:0% picking up the interests of the people 00:27:51.440 --> 00:27:52.149 align:start position:0% picking up the interests of the people around<00:27:51.840> me 00:27:52.149 --> 00:27:52.159 align:start position:0% around me 00:27:52.159 --> 00:27:55.269 align:start position:0% around me uh<00:27:52.480> patrick<00:27:52.960> king<00:27:53.200> saunders<00:27:53.919> was<00:27:54.159> a 00:27:55.269 --> 00:27:55.279 align:start position:0% uh patrick king saunders was a 00:27:55.279 --> 00:27:56.950 align:start position:0% uh patrick king saunders was a international<00:27:56.000> figure<00:27:56.399> in<00:27:56.640> the<00:27:56.720> pattern 00:27:56.950 --> 00:27:56.960 align:start position:0% international figure in the pattern 00:27:56.960 --> 00:27:58.870 align:start position:0% international figure in the pattern recognition<00:27:57.520> here<00:27:57.679> at<00:27:57.760> the<00:27:57.919> time 00:27:58.870 --> 00:27:58.880 align:start position:0% recognition here at the time 00:27:58.880 --> 00:28:00.549 align:start position:0% recognition here at the time so<00:27:59.039> i<00:27:59.120> think<00:27:59.279> i<00:27:59.360> was<00:27:59.520> just<00:27:59.760> trying<00:27:59.919> to<00:28:00.000> absorb 00:28:00.549 --> 00:28:00.559 align:start position:0% so i think i was just trying to absorb 00:28:00.559 --> 00:28:04.310 align:start position:0% so i think i was just trying to absorb the<00:28:00.720> local<00:28:01.360> specialities 00:28:04.310 --> 00:28:04.320 align:start position:0% 00:28:04.320 --> 00:28:07.549 align:start position:0% at<00:28:04.480> that<00:28:04.799> time<00:28:05.120> i<00:28:05.360> didn't<00:28:05.679> really<00:28:06.080> think<00:28:06.399> about 00:28:07.549 --> 00:28:07.559 align:start position:0% at that time i didn't really think about 00:28:07.559 --> 00:28:09.510 align:start position:0% at that time i didn't really think about a<00:28:08.640> slight<00:28:09.039> shift 00:28:09.510 --> 00:28:09.520 align:start position:0% a slight shift 00:28:09.520 --> 00:28:11.669 align:start position:0% a slight shift but<00:28:09.760> certainly<00:28:10.320> later<00:28:10.720> on<00:28:11.360> it<00:28:11.440> was 00:28:11.669 --> 00:28:11.679 align:start position:0% but certainly later on it was 00:28:11.679 --> 00:28:13.510 align:start position:0% but certainly later on it was interesting<00:28:12.080> because<00:28:12.399> that<00:28:12.640> my<00:28:12.880> old<00:28:13.120> interest 00:28:13.510 --> 00:28:13.520 align:start position:0% interesting because that my old interest 00:28:13.520 --> 00:28:14.070 align:start position:0% interesting because that my old interest in 00:28:14.070 --> 00:28:14.080 align:start position:0% in 00:28:14.080 --> 00:28:16.710 align:start position:0% in optimality<00:28:15.520> and<00:28:15.679> pattern<00:28:16.000> ignition<00:28:16.480> came 00:28:16.710 --> 00:28:16.720 align:start position:0% optimality and pattern ignition came 00:28:16.720 --> 00:28:17.669 align:start position:0% optimality and pattern ignition came together 00:28:17.669 --> 00:28:17.679 align:start position:0% together 00:28:17.679 --> 00:28:21.110 align:start position:0% together so<00:28:19.520> i<00:28:19.760> picked<00:28:20.080> up<00:28:20.399> some<00:28:20.559> of<00:28:20.720> my 00:28:21.110 --> 00:28:21.120 align:start position:0% so i picked up some of my 00:28:21.120 --> 00:28:23.190 align:start position:0% so i picked up some of my thesis<00:28:21.600> topics<00:28:22.000> again<00:28:22.480> when<00:28:22.640> i<00:28:22.720> went<00:28:22.880> to<00:28:23.039> the 00:28:23.190 --> 00:28:23.200 align:start position:0% thesis topics again when i went to the 00:28:23.200 --> 00:28:24.470 align:start position:0% thesis topics again when i went to the anu 00:28:24.470 --> 00:28:24.480 align:start position:0% anu 00:28:24.480 --> 00:28:27.669 align:start position:0% anu and<00:28:25.039> instead<00:28:25.440> of 00:28:27.669 --> 00:28:27.679 align:start position:0% 00:28:27.679 --> 00:28:31.029 align:start position:0% just<00:28:29.279> oh<00:28:29.520> i<00:28:29.600> guess<00:28:29.840> it<00:28:30.159> was<00:28:30.480> mixed 00:28:31.029 --> 00:28:31.039 align:start position:0% just oh i guess it was mixed 00:28:31.039 --> 00:28:33.110 align:start position:0% just oh i guess it was mixed so<00:28:31.200> instead<00:28:31.520> of<00:28:31.679> looking<00:28:32.000> at<00:28:32.240> at<00:28:32.559> the<00:28:32.799> question 00:28:33.110 --> 00:28:33.120 align:start position:0% so instead of looking at at the question 00:28:33.120 --> 00:28:36.070 align:start position:0% so instead of looking at at the question of<00:28:33.360> how<00:28:33.600> do<00:28:33.679> you<00:28:33.919> find<00:28:34.240> when<00:28:34.559> the 00:28:36.070 --> 00:28:36.080 align:start position:0% of how do you find when the 00:28:36.080 --> 00:28:38.149 align:start position:0% of how do you find when the minimum<00:28:36.559> points<00:28:36.880> have<00:28:37.039> shifted<00:28:37.600> in<00:28:37.760> a<00:28:37.919> way 00:28:38.149 --> 00:28:38.159 align:start position:0% minimum points have shifted in a way 00:28:38.159 --> 00:28:40.310 align:start position:0% minimum points have shifted in a way that<00:28:38.320> you<00:28:38.480> cannot<00:28:38.880> track<00:28:39.200> them 00:28:40.310 --> 00:28:40.320 align:start position:0% that you cannot track them 00:28:40.320 --> 00:28:42.310 align:start position:0% that you cannot track them i<00:28:40.559> developed<00:28:40.960> this<00:28:41.200> idea<00:28:41.600> that<00:28:41.760> you<00:28:42.159> could 00:28:42.310 --> 00:28:42.320 align:start position:0% i developed this idea that you could 00:28:42.320 --> 00:28:44.070 align:start position:0% i developed this idea that you could have<00:28:42.559> a<00:28:42.640> pattern<00:28:43.039> recognition<00:28:43.679> algorithm 00:28:44.070 --> 00:28:44.080 align:start position:0% have a pattern recognition algorithm 00:28:44.080 --> 00:28:45.830 align:start position:0% have a pattern recognition algorithm that<00:28:44.320> tried<00:28:44.559> to<00:28:44.720> detect<00:28:45.200> when<00:28:45.360> there<00:28:45.520> was<00:28:45.760> a 00:28:45.830 --> 00:28:45.840 align:start position:0% that tried to detect when there was a 00:28:45.840 --> 00:28:47.350 align:start position:0% that tried to detect when there was a sufficient<00:28:46.559> change 00:28:47.350 --> 00:28:47.360 align:start position:0% sufficient change 00:28:47.360 --> 00:28:49.669 align:start position:0% sufficient change to<00:28:47.600> warrant<00:28:48.000> a<00:28:48.399> re-exploration<00:28:49.279> so<00:28:49.440> that's 00:28:49.669 --> 00:28:49.679 align:start position:0% to warrant a re-exploration so that's 00:28:49.679 --> 00:28:50.870 align:start position:0% to warrant a re-exploration so that's where<00:28:49.840> the<00:28:50.000> patent<00:28:50.320> reaction 00:28:50.870 --> 00:28:50.880 align:start position:0% where the patent reaction 00:28:50.880 --> 00:28:54.310 align:start position:0% where the patent reaction and<00:28:52.159> and<00:28:52.320> the<00:28:52.480> optimality<00:28:53.200> came<00:28:53.440> together 00:28:54.310 --> 00:28:54.320 align:start position:0% and and the optimality came together 00:28:54.320 --> 00:28:56.149 align:start position:0% and and the optimality came together and<00:28:54.480> then<00:28:54.720> when<00:28:54.880> i<00:28:54.960> went<00:28:55.120> to<00:28:55.279> their<00:28:55.520> new<00:28:55.840> i<00:28:55.919> got 00:28:56.149 --> 00:28:56.159 align:start position:0% and then when i went to their new i got 00:28:56.159 --> 00:28:58.389 align:start position:0% and then when i went to their new i got more<00:28:56.480> interested<00:28:56.880> in 00:28:58.389 --> 00:28:58.399 align:start position:0% more interested in 00:28:58.399 --> 00:29:00.470 align:start position:0% more interested in collecting<00:28:58.880> image<00:28:59.120> data<00:28:59.440> and<00:28:59.600> analyzing<00:29:00.240> it 00:29:00.470 --> 00:29:00.480 align:start position:0% collecting image data and analyzing it 00:29:00.480 --> 00:29:02.230 align:start position:0% collecting image data and analyzing it so<00:29:00.720> i<00:29:00.960> drifted<00:29:01.440> away<00:29:01.679> from<00:29:01.840> the<00:29:02.000> pattern 00:29:02.230 --> 00:29:02.240 align:start position:0% so i drifted away from the pattern 00:29:02.240 --> 00:29:03.430 align:start position:0% so i drifted away from the pattern recognition<00:29:02.799> side 00:29:03.430 --> 00:29:03.440 align:start position:0% recognition side 00:29:03.440 --> 00:29:05.110 align:start position:0% recognition side but<00:29:03.679> i<00:29:03.760> did<00:29:04.080> find<00:29:04.399> applications<00:29:04.960> for 00:29:05.110 --> 00:29:05.120 align:start position:0% but i did find applications for 00:29:05.120 --> 00:29:07.029 align:start position:0% but i did find applications for clustering<00:29:05.600> and<00:29:05.760> image<00:29:06.080> processing 00:29:07.029 --> 00:29:07.039 align:start position:0% clustering and image processing 00:29:07.039 --> 00:29:10.230 align:start position:0% clustering and image processing on<00:29:07.360> several<00:29:07.679> different<00:29:08.000> occasions<00:29:08.559> so 00:29:10.230 --> 00:29:10.240 align:start position:0% on several different occasions so 00:29:10.240 --> 00:29:14.310 align:start position:0% on several different occasions so probably<00:29:10.960> uh<00:29:12.480> that<00:29:13.200> idea<00:29:13.520> of<00:29:13.600> mixing<00:29:14.080> it 00:29:14.310 --> 00:29:14.320 align:start position:0% probably uh that idea of mixing it 00:29:14.320 --> 00:29:16.789 align:start position:0% probably uh that idea of mixing it came<00:29:14.799> to<00:29:15.200> its<00:29:15.520> peak<00:29:15.760> when<00:29:15.919> i<00:29:16.080> went<00:29:16.399> back<00:29:16.640> to 00:29:16.789 --> 00:29:16.799 align:start position:0% came to its peak when i went back to 00:29:16.799 --> 00:29:17.990 align:start position:0% came to its peak when i went back to purdue<00:29:17.279> and<00:29:17.360> studied<00:29:17.760> it 00:29:17.990 --> 00:29:18.000 align:start position:0% purdue and studied it 00:29:18.000 --> 00:29:19.750 align:start position:0% purdue and studied it um<00:29:18.320> kind<00:29:18.480> of<00:29:18.640> felt<00:29:18.799> a<00:29:18.880> bit<00:29:19.120> guilty<00:29:19.440> going<00:29:19.600> back 00:29:19.750 --> 00:29:19.760 align:start position:0% um kind of felt a bit guilty going back 00:29:19.760 --> 00:29:21.590 align:start position:0% um kind of felt a bit guilty going back to<00:29:19.919> the<00:29:20.000> same<00:29:20.320> place<00:29:20.640> but 00:29:21.590 --> 00:29:21.600 align:start position:0% to the same place but 00:29:21.600 --> 00:29:23.510 align:start position:0% to the same place but um<00:29:21.919> there's<00:29:22.159> still<00:29:22.399> some<00:29:22.559> of<00:29:22.640> the<00:29:23.120> colleagues 00:29:23.510 --> 00:29:23.520 align:start position:0% um there's still some of the colleagues 00:29:23.520 --> 00:29:25.430 align:start position:0% um there's still some of the colleagues that<00:29:23.600> were<00:29:23.760> there<00:29:24.000> before<00:29:24.559> and 00:29:25.430 --> 00:29:25.440 align:start position:0% that were there before and 00:29:25.440 --> 00:29:27.510 align:start position:0% that were there before and that<00:29:25.600> was<00:29:25.760> just<00:29:26.000> a<00:29:26.080> one<00:29:26.320> year<00:29:26.640> stint<00:29:26.960> so<00:29:27.200> i<00:29:27.279> went 00:29:27.510 --> 00:29:27.520 align:start position:0% that was just a one year stint so i went 00:29:27.520 --> 00:29:29.190 align:start position:0% that was just a one year stint so i went back<00:29:27.760> and<00:29:27.919> this<00:29:28.080> time<00:29:28.320> did<00:29:28.559> work<00:29:28.799> a<00:29:28.880> little<00:29:28.960> bit 00:29:29.190 --> 00:29:29.200 align:start position:0% back and this time did work a little bit 00:29:29.200 --> 00:29:29.909 align:start position:0% back and this time did work a little bit more<00:29:29.360> with 00:29:29.909 --> 00:29:29.919 align:start position:0% more with 00:29:29.919 --> 00:29:32.630 align:start position:0% more with king<00:29:30.159> son<00:29:30.720> foo<00:29:31.039> and<00:29:31.120> some<00:29:31.279> of<00:29:31.360> his<00:29:31.600> students 00:29:32.630 --> 00:29:32.640 align:start position:0% king son foo and some of his students 00:29:32.640 --> 00:29:33.750 align:start position:0% king son foo and some of his students and<00:29:32.960> there 00:29:33.750 --> 00:29:33.760 align:start position:0% and there 00:29:33.760 --> 00:29:35.430 align:start position:0% and there the<00:29:33.919> image<00:29:34.240> processing<00:29:34.799> and<00:29:34.960> the<00:29:35.039> pattern 00:29:35.430 --> 00:29:35.440 align:start position:0% the image processing and the pattern 00:29:35.440 --> 00:29:37.909 align:start position:0% the image processing and the pattern recognition<00:29:36.000> came<00:29:36.240> together<00:29:36.640> quite<00:29:36.880> strongly 00:29:37.909 --> 00:29:37.919 align:start position:0% recognition came together quite strongly 00:29:37.919 --> 00:29:40.070 align:start position:0% recognition came together quite strongly and<00:29:38.080> what<00:29:38.240> i<00:29:38.320> was<00:29:38.480> interested<00:29:39.039> then<00:29:39.360> is<00:29:39.600> what 00:29:40.070 --> 00:29:40.080 align:start position:0% and what i was interested then is what 00:29:40.080 --> 00:29:42.789 align:start position:0% and what i was interested then is what is<00:29:40.240> now<00:29:40.480> called<00:29:40.799> image<00:29:41.039> segmentation 00:29:42.789 --> 00:29:42.799 align:start position:0% is now called image segmentation 00:29:42.799 --> 00:29:45.909 align:start position:0% is now called image segmentation so<00:29:43.039> someone<00:29:43.360> gives<00:29:43.600> you<00:29:43.679> a<00:29:43.760> photograph<00:29:45.600> and 00:29:45.909 --> 00:29:45.919 align:start position:0% so someone gives you a photograph and 00:29:45.919 --> 00:29:46.389 align:start position:0% so someone gives you a photograph and you 00:29:46.389 --> 00:29:46.399 align:start position:0% you 00:29:46.399 --> 00:29:48.230 align:start position:0% you show<00:29:46.559> it<00:29:46.720> to<00:29:46.960> someone<00:29:47.279> else<00:29:47.600> and<00:29:47.679> say<00:29:47.919> can<00:29:48.159> you 00:29:48.230 --> 00:29:48.240 align:start position:0% show it to someone else and say can you 00:29:48.240 --> 00:29:50.389 align:start position:0% show it to someone else and say can you take<00:29:48.480> a<00:29:48.640> pencil<00:29:49.120> and<00:29:49.200> draw<00:29:49.440> an<00:29:49.600> outline<00:29:50.159> of<00:29:50.240> the 00:29:50.389 --> 00:29:50.399 align:start position:0% take a pencil and draw an outline of the 00:29:50.399 --> 00:29:52.149 align:start position:0% take a pencil and draw an outline of the major<00:29:50.720> things<00:29:51.039> in<00:29:51.120> this 00:29:52.149 --> 00:29:52.159 align:start position:0% major things in this 00:29:52.159 --> 00:29:53.909 align:start position:0% major things in this then<00:29:52.320> say<00:29:52.640> can<00:29:52.799> you<00:29:52.960> get<00:29:53.039> a<00:29:53.200> computer<00:29:53.600> to<00:29:53.760> do 00:29:53.909 --> 00:29:53.919 align:start position:0% then say can you get a computer to do 00:29:53.919 --> 00:29:56.149 align:start position:0% then say can you get a computer to do that<00:29:54.240> it<00:29:54.399> turned<00:29:54.720> out<00:29:54.880> to<00:29:54.960> be<00:29:55.200> really 00:29:56.149 --> 00:29:56.159 align:start position:0% that it turned out to be really 00:29:56.159 --> 00:29:59.750 align:start position:0% that it turned out to be really difficult<00:29:57.200> in<00:29:57.360> those<00:29:57.600> days<00:29:58.960> partly<00:29:59.360> because 00:29:59.750 --> 00:29:59.760 align:start position:0% difficult in those days partly because 00:29:59.760 --> 00:30:01.590 align:start position:0% difficult in those days partly because they<00:29:59.919> were<00:30:00.159> computationally<00:30:00.880> intense 00:30:01.590 --> 00:30:01.600 align:start position:0% they were computationally intense 00:30:01.600 --> 00:30:04.230 align:start position:0% they were computationally intense took<00:30:01.760> a<00:30:01.840> long<00:30:02.159> time<00:30:02.480> to<00:30:02.640> do<00:30:02.960> and<00:30:03.600> i<00:30:03.840> tried<00:30:04.080> to 00:30:04.230 --> 00:30:04.240 align:start position:0% took a long time to do and i tried to 00:30:04.240 --> 00:30:05.990 align:start position:0% took a long time to do and i tried to use<00:30:04.480> the<00:30:04.640> idea<00:30:05.039> of<00:30:05.200> clustering 00:30:05.990 --> 00:30:06.000 align:start position:0% use the idea of clustering 00:30:06.000 --> 00:30:08.470 align:start position:0% use the idea of clustering to<00:30:06.240> group<00:30:06.640> the<00:30:06.880> pixels<00:30:07.440> in<00:30:07.520> the<00:30:07.600> image<00:30:08.000> into 00:30:08.470 --> 00:30:08.480 align:start position:0% to group the pixels in the image into 00:30:08.480 --> 00:30:10.470 align:start position:0% to group the pixels in the image into conglomerations<00:30:09.440> and<00:30:09.600> i<00:30:09.760> developed<00:30:10.159> a<00:30:10.240> number 00:30:10.470 --> 00:30:10.480 align:start position:0% conglomerations and i developed a number 00:30:10.480 --> 00:30:12.710 align:start position:0% conglomerations and i developed a number of<00:30:10.640> different<00:30:10.960> strategies 00:30:12.710 --> 00:30:12.720 align:start position:0% of different strategies 00:30:12.720 --> 00:30:15.750 align:start position:0% of different strategies that<00:30:12.880> were<00:30:13.039> based<00:30:13.440> on<00:30:14.720> graph<00:30:15.360> theory 00:30:15.750 --> 00:30:15.760 align:start position:0% that were based on graph theory 00:30:15.760 --> 00:30:18.549 align:start position:0% that were based on graph theory basically<00:30:16.399> saying<00:30:16.640> that 00:30:18.549 --> 00:30:18.559 align:start position:0% basically saying that 00:30:18.559 --> 00:30:20.389 align:start position:0% basically saying that you<00:30:18.640> could<00:30:18.799> imagine<00:30:19.279> every<00:30:19.600> pixel<00:30:20.080> in<00:30:20.159> this 00:30:20.389 --> 00:30:20.399 align:start position:0% you could imagine every pixel in this 00:30:20.399 --> 00:30:23.269 align:start position:0% you could imagine every pixel in this image<00:30:20.880> as<00:30:21.200> a<00:30:21.919> leaf<00:30:22.240> node<00:30:22.640> and<00:30:22.880> what<00:30:23.039> you're 00:30:23.269 --> 00:30:23.279 align:start position:0% image as a leaf node and what you're 00:30:23.279 --> 00:30:24.950 align:start position:0% image as a leaf node and what you're looking<00:30:23.600> for<00:30:23.840> is<00:30:24.000> how<00:30:24.240> to<00:30:24.399> get 00:30:24.950 --> 00:30:24.960 align:start position:0% looking for is how to get 00:30:24.960 --> 00:30:27.110 align:start position:0% looking for is how to get the<00:30:25.120> leaf<00:30:25.360> nodes<00:30:25.679> to<00:30:26.000> conglomerate<00:30:26.799> into 00:30:27.110 --> 00:30:27.120 align:start position:0% the leaf nodes to conglomerate into 00:30:27.120 --> 00:30:29.669 align:start position:0% the leaf nodes to conglomerate into large<00:30:27.440> and<00:30:27.520> larger<00:30:27.919> pieces<00:30:28.320> but<00:30:28.559> not<00:30:28.880> to 00:30:29.669 --> 00:30:29.679 align:start position:0% large and larger pieces but not to 00:30:29.679 --> 00:30:31.590 align:start position:0% large and larger pieces but not to cut<00:30:30.000> across<00:30:30.399> the<00:30:30.559> boundaries<00:30:31.120> of<00:30:31.279> different 00:30:31.590 --> 00:30:31.600 align:start position:0% cut across the boundaries of different 00:30:31.600 --> 00:30:33.430 align:start position:0% cut across the boundaries of different objects<00:30:32.159> and<00:30:32.240> the<00:30:32.399> clustering 00:30:33.430 --> 00:30:33.440 align:start position:0% objects and the clustering 00:30:33.440 --> 00:30:36.950 align:start position:0% objects and the clustering helped<00:30:33.840> there<00:30:34.960> so<00:30:35.919> by<00:30:36.080> the<00:30:36.240> time<00:30:36.399> i<00:30:36.480> went<00:30:36.720> back 00:30:36.950 --> 00:30:36.960 align:start position:0% helped there so by the time i went back 00:30:36.960 --> 00:30:39.590 align:start position:0% helped there so by the time i went back to<00:30:37.200> the<00:30:37.279> anu<00:30:37.760> after<00:30:38.000> that<00:30:38.240> i<00:30:38.399> had<00:30:38.640> this 00:30:39.590 --> 00:30:39.600 align:start position:0% to the anu after that i had this 00:30:39.600 --> 00:30:42.710 align:start position:0% to the anu after that i had this strong<00:30:40.000> interest<00:30:40.480> in<00:30:41.120> the<00:30:41.520> segmentation 00:30:42.710 --> 00:30:42.720 align:start position:0% strong interest in the segmentation 00:30:42.720 --> 00:30:45.510 align:start position:0% strong interest in the segmentation and<00:30:44.159> more<00:30:44.320> and<00:30:44.399> more<00:30:44.559> concerned<00:30:44.960> about<00:30:45.279> how<00:30:45.440> to 00:30:45.510 --> 00:30:45.520 align:start position:0% and more and more concerned about how to 00:30:45.520 --> 00:30:47.029 align:start position:0% and more and more concerned about how to do<00:30:45.679> it<00:30:45.919> faster 00:30:47.029 --> 00:30:47.039 align:start position:0% do it faster 00:30:47.039 --> 00:30:48.630 align:start position:0% do it faster and<00:30:47.200> you<00:30:47.360> need<00:30:47.520> to<00:30:47.679> do<00:30:47.840> it<00:30:48.000> faster<00:30:48.399> if<00:30:48.559> you 00:30:48.630 --> 00:30:48.640 align:start position:0% and you need to do it faster if you 00:30:48.640 --> 00:30:50.149 align:start position:0% and you need to do it faster if you wanted<00:30:48.880> to<00:30:48.960> use<00:30:49.200> a<00:30:49.279> robot<00:30:49.679> so<00:30:49.760> i<00:30:49.919> got 00:30:50.149 --> 00:30:50.159 align:start position:0% wanted to use a robot so i got 00:30:50.159 --> 00:30:51.350 align:start position:0% wanted to use a robot so i got interested<00:30:50.559> society<00:30:50.960> of 00:30:51.350 --> 00:30:51.360 align:start position:0% interested society of 00:30:51.360 --> 00:30:53.430 align:start position:0% interested society of robotics<00:30:52.000> as<00:30:52.159> a<00:30:52.240> means<00:30:52.559> of<00:30:52.720> testing<00:30:53.279> the 00:30:53.430 --> 00:30:53.440 align:start position:0% robotics as a means of testing the 00:30:53.440 --> 00:30:54.630 align:start position:0% robotics as a means of testing the validity<00:30:54.240> of 00:30:54.630 --> 00:30:54.640 align:start position:0% validity of 00:30:54.640 --> 00:30:57.669 align:start position:0% validity of the<00:30:54.799> computer<00:30:55.279> vision<00:30:56.559> and<00:30:57.039> so<00:30:57.279> about<00:30:57.519> that 00:30:57.669 --> 00:30:57.679 align:start position:0% the computer vision and so about that 00:30:57.679 --> 00:31:00.710 align:start position:0% the computer vision and so about that time<00:30:57.919> i<00:30:58.000> got<00:30:58.240> interested<00:30:58.640> in<00:30:58.720> the<00:30:58.880> 3d<00:30:59.279> aspects 00:31:00.710 --> 00:31:00.720 align:start position:0% time i got interested in the 3d aspects 00:31:00.720 --> 00:31:04.389 align:start position:0% time i got interested in the 3d aspects so<00:31:01.279> until<00:31:01.760> then<00:31:02.159> just<00:31:02.559> 2d<00:31:02.960> imagery 00:31:04.389 --> 00:31:04.399 align:start position:0% so until then just 2d imagery 00:31:04.399 --> 00:31:08.310 align:start position:0% so until then just 2d imagery now<00:31:04.799> i<00:31:05.039> visited<00:31:05.600> i<00:31:05.760> think<00:31:06.960> sri<00:31:07.600> and<00:31:07.760> bob<00:31:08.000> boles 00:31:08.310 --> 00:31:08.320 align:start position:0% now i visited i think sri and bob boles 00:31:08.320 --> 00:31:09.669 align:start position:0% now i visited i think sri and bob boles was<00:31:08.480> there<00:31:08.640> i<00:31:08.720> don't<00:31:08.880> know<00:31:08.960> if<00:31:09.039> i<00:31:09.120> met<00:31:09.360> him<00:31:09.519> that 00:31:09.669 --> 00:31:09.679 align:start position:0% was there i don't know if i met him that 00:31:09.679 --> 00:31:10.470 align:start position:0% was there i don't know if i met him that time 00:31:10.470 --> 00:31:10.480 align:start position:0% time 00:31:10.480 --> 00:31:12.789 align:start position:0% time but<00:31:10.640> he<00:31:10.720> had<00:31:10.880> some<00:31:11.039> colleagues<00:31:11.679> david<00:31:12.080> nitzan 00:31:12.789 --> 00:31:12.799 align:start position:0% but he had some colleagues david nitzan 00:31:12.799 --> 00:31:15.990 align:start position:0% but he had some colleagues david nitzan and<00:31:12.960> others<00:31:13.200> who<00:31:13.440> built<00:31:13.679> a<00:31:13.840> laser<00:31:14.159> rangefinder 00:31:15.990 --> 00:31:16.000 align:start position:0% and others who built a laser rangefinder 00:31:16.000 --> 00:31:17.830 align:start position:0% and others who built a laser rangefinder one<00:31:16.159> of<00:31:16.320> only<00:31:16.559> one<00:31:16.799> or<00:31:16.880> two<00:31:17.279> in<00:31:17.360> the<00:31:17.440> world<00:31:17.760> at 00:31:17.830 --> 00:31:17.840 align:start position:0% one of only one or two in the world at 00:31:17.840 --> 00:31:19.350 align:start position:0% one of only one or two in the world at that<00:31:18.080> stage 00:31:19.350 --> 00:31:19.360 align:start position:0% that stage 00:31:19.360 --> 00:31:21.830 align:start position:0% that stage and<00:31:19.600> i<00:31:19.679> was<00:31:19.840> fascinated<00:31:20.480> by<00:31:20.640> the<00:31:20.799> use<00:31:21.120> of<00:31:21.760> you 00:31:21.830 --> 00:31:21.840 align:start position:0% and i was fascinated by the use of you 00:31:21.840 --> 00:31:22.950 align:start position:0% and i was fascinated by the use of you know<00:31:22.000> time<00:31:22.320> of<00:31:22.399> flight 00:31:22.950 --> 00:31:22.960 align:start position:0% know time of flight 00:31:22.960 --> 00:31:26.149 align:start position:0% know time of flight laser<00:31:24.559> ranging 00:31:26.149 --> 00:31:26.159 align:start position:0% laser ranging 00:31:26.159 --> 00:31:28.950 align:start position:0% laser ranging and<00:31:26.799> when<00:31:27.039> i<00:31:27.120> went<00:31:27.360> back<00:31:28.000> after<00:31:28.320> that<00:31:28.559> visit<00:31:28.880> i 00:31:28.950 --> 00:31:28.960 align:start position:0% and when i went back after that visit i 00:31:28.960 --> 00:31:30.389 align:start position:0% and when i went back after that visit i was<00:31:29.039> determined<00:31:29.519> to<00:31:29.679> see<00:31:29.840> if<00:31:30.000> i<00:31:30.080> could<00:31:30.240> get 00:31:30.389 --> 00:31:30.399 align:start position:0% was determined to see if i could get 00:31:30.399 --> 00:31:31.669 align:start position:0% was determined to see if i could get some<00:31:30.559> funding<00:31:30.880> to<00:31:31.039> build<00:31:31.279> on 00:31:31.669 --> 00:31:31.679 align:start position:0% some funding to build on 00:31:31.679 --> 00:31:35.350 align:start position:0% some funding to build on in<00:31:31.919> my<00:31:32.159> lab<00:31:32.640> in<00:31:34.640> canberra 00:31:35.350 --> 00:31:35.360 align:start position:0% in my lab in canberra 00:31:35.360 --> 00:31:37.830 align:start position:0% in my lab in canberra the<00:31:35.600> australian<00:31:36.000> national<00:31:36.240> university<00:31:36.799> is 00:31:37.830 --> 00:31:37.840 align:start position:0% the australian national university is 00:31:37.840 --> 00:31:39.190 align:start position:0% the australian national university is and 00:31:39.190 --> 00:31:39.200 align:start position:0% and 00:31:39.200 --> 00:31:40.630 align:start position:0% and i<00:31:39.440> applied<00:31:39.840> for<00:31:40.000> what's<00:31:40.240> called<00:31:40.480> an 00:31:40.630 --> 00:31:40.640 align:start position:0% i applied for what's called an 00:31:40.640 --> 00:31:43.029 align:start position:0% i applied for what's called an australian<00:31:41.039> research<00:31:41.519> council<00:31:41.919> grant 00:31:43.029 --> 00:31:43.039 align:start position:0% australian research council grant 00:31:43.039 --> 00:31:46.070 align:start position:0% australian research council grant for<00:31:43.519> mainly<00:31:43.919> the<00:31:44.399> equipment<00:31:44.880> money<00:31:45.360> i<00:31:45.760> worked 00:31:46.070 --> 00:31:46.080 align:start position:0% for mainly the equipment money i worked 00:31:46.080 --> 00:31:47.830 align:start position:0% for mainly the equipment money i worked out<00:31:46.320> how<00:31:46.559> i<00:31:46.720> could<00:31:47.039> possibly 00:31:47.830 --> 00:31:47.840 align:start position:0% out how i could possibly 00:31:47.840 --> 00:31:51.029 align:start position:0% out how i could possibly buy<00:31:48.640> off<00:31:48.799> the<00:31:48.960> shelf<00:31:49.279> equipment<00:31:50.640> and 00:31:51.029 --> 00:31:51.039 align:start position:0% buy off the shelf equipment and 00:31:51.039 --> 00:31:52.950 align:start position:0% buy off the shelf equipment and put<00:31:51.279> together<00:31:51.679> a<00:31:51.760> budget<00:31:52.080> was<00:31:52.399> mainly<00:31:52.720> about 00:31:52.950 --> 00:31:52.960 align:start position:0% put together a budget was mainly about 00:31:52.960 --> 00:31:54.870 align:start position:0% put together a budget was mainly about the<00:31:53.120> cost<00:31:53.440> of<00:31:53.519> various<00:31:53.919> things 00:31:54.870 --> 00:31:54.880 align:start position:0% the cost of various things 00:31:54.880 --> 00:31:59.350 align:start position:0% the cost of various things and<00:31:55.120> in<00:31:55.279> those<00:31:55.600> days<00:31:57.279> the<00:31:57.600> australian 00:31:59.350 --> 00:31:59.360 align:start position:0% and in those days the australian 00:31:59.360 --> 00:32:01.509 align:start position:0% and in those days the australian granting<00:31:59.840> committee<00:32:00.320> was<00:32:00.480> split<00:32:00.799> into 00:32:01.509 --> 00:32:01.519 align:start position:0% granting committee was split into 00:32:01.519 --> 00:32:03.350 align:start position:0% granting committee was split into smaller<00:32:01.919> groups<00:32:02.240> and<00:32:02.399> they<00:32:02.559> often<00:32:02.880> visited 00:32:03.350 --> 00:32:03.360 align:start position:0% smaller groups and they often visited 00:32:03.360 --> 00:32:07.909 align:start position:0% smaller groups and they often visited laboratories<00:32:04.000> to<00:32:04.240> talk<00:32:04.480> to<00:32:04.720> the<00:32:04.880> applicants 00:32:07.909 --> 00:32:07.919 align:start position:0% 00:32:07.919 --> 00:32:10.310 align:start position:0% and<00:32:08.159> try<00:32:08.399> and<00:32:08.960> ferret<00:32:09.360> out<00:32:09.679> some<00:32:10.000> of<00:32:10.080> the 00:32:10.310 --> 00:32:10.320 align:start position:0% and try and ferret out some of the 00:32:10.320 --> 00:32:12.310 align:start position:0% and try and ferret out some of the background<00:32:10.880> information<00:32:11.440> and<00:32:11.600> whether<00:32:11.919> that 00:32:12.310 --> 00:32:12.320 align:start position:0% background information and whether that 00:32:12.320 --> 00:32:14.310 align:start position:0% background information and whether that was<00:32:12.880> in<00:32:13.039> fact<00:32:13.279> a<00:32:13.440> very<00:32:13.600> good<00:32:13.760> way<00:32:13.919> of<00:32:14.000> doing<00:32:14.240> it 00:32:14.310 --> 00:32:14.320 align:start position:0% was in fact a very good way of doing it 00:32:14.320 --> 00:32:15.430 align:start position:0% was in fact a very good way of doing it rather<00:32:14.559> than<00:32:14.640> just<00:32:14.799> looking<00:32:15.120> at<00:32:15.200> what's 00:32:15.430 --> 00:32:15.440 align:start position:0% rather than just looking at what's 00:32:15.440 --> 00:32:17.029 align:start position:0% rather than just looking at what's written<00:32:15.679> on<00:32:15.840> paper 00:32:17.029 --> 00:32:17.039 align:start position:0% written on paper 00:32:17.039 --> 00:32:20.070 align:start position:0% written on paper and<00:32:17.200> i<00:32:17.519> met<00:32:17.840> up<00:32:18.000> with<00:32:18.240> three<00:32:18.480> of<00:32:18.559> them<00:32:19.760> and<00:32:19.919> they 00:32:20.070 --> 00:32:20.080 align:start position:0% and i met up with three of them and they 00:32:20.080 --> 00:32:20.950 align:start position:0% and i met up with three of them and they spoke<00:32:20.399> to<00:32:20.559> me 00:32:20.950 --> 00:32:20.960 align:start position:0% spoke to me 00:32:20.960 --> 00:32:22.710 align:start position:0% spoke to me very<00:32:21.200> openly<00:32:21.600> and<00:32:21.679> said<00:32:21.840> oh<00:32:22.000> we<00:32:22.240> probably<00:32:22.559> came 00:32:22.710 --> 00:32:22.720 align:start position:0% very openly and said oh we probably came 00:32:22.720 --> 00:32:24.470 align:start position:0% very openly and said oh we probably came just<00:32:22.960> to<00:32:23.039> see<00:32:23.200> a<00:32:23.360> lab<00:32:23.600> but<00:32:23.760> we're<00:32:24.000> also<00:32:24.320> doing 00:32:24.470 --> 00:32:24.480 align:start position:0% just to see a lab but we're also doing 00:32:24.480 --> 00:32:25.909 align:start position:0% just to see a lab but we're also doing this<00:32:24.640> job<00:32:24.880> for<00:32:25.039> the<00:32:25.120> australian<00:32:25.519> research 00:32:25.909 --> 00:32:25.919 align:start position:0% this job for the australian research 00:32:25.919 --> 00:32:27.110 align:start position:0% this job for the australian research council 00:32:27.110 --> 00:32:27.120 align:start position:0% council 00:32:27.120 --> 00:32:29.830 align:start position:0% council and<00:32:27.360> we<00:32:27.840> only<00:32:28.320> think<00:32:28.559> it's<00:32:28.720> fair<00:32:29.440> to<00:32:29.519> let<00:32:29.679> you 00:32:29.830 --> 00:32:29.840 align:start position:0% and we only think it's fair to let you 00:32:29.840 --> 00:32:31.830 align:start position:0% and we only think it's fair to let you know<00:32:30.080> that<00:32:30.320> we 00:32:31.830 --> 00:32:31.840 align:start position:0% know that we 00:32:31.840 --> 00:32:34.389 align:start position:0% know that we have<00:32:32.159> uh<00:32:32.640> got<00:32:32.880> some<00:32:33.120> opinions<00:32:33.760> about<00:32:34.159> your 00:32:34.389 --> 00:32:34.399 align:start position:0% have uh got some opinions about your 00:32:34.399 --> 00:32:35.190 align:start position:0% have uh got some opinions about your plan 00:32:35.190 --> 00:32:35.200 align:start position:0% plan 00:32:35.200 --> 00:32:38.470 align:start position:0% plan by<00:32:35.440> some<00:32:35.679> experts<00:32:36.399> in<00:32:37.519> in<00:32:37.679> that<00:32:37.919> case<00:32:38.159> of<00:32:38.320> the 00:32:38.470 --> 00:32:38.480 align:start position:0% by some experts in in that case of the 00:32:38.480 --> 00:32:40.149 align:start position:0% by some experts in in that case of the csro<00:32:39.120> which<00:32:39.279> is<00:32:39.440> a<00:32:39.519> commonwealth 00:32:40.149 --> 00:32:40.159 align:start position:0% csro which is a commonwealth 00:32:40.159 --> 00:32:43.350 align:start position:0% csro which is a commonwealth research<00:32:41.039> organization<00:32:41.840> in<00:32:42.720> australia 00:32:43.350 --> 00:32:43.360 align:start position:0% research organization in australia 00:32:43.360 --> 00:32:45.430 align:start position:0% research organization in australia i<00:32:43.600> wasn't<00:32:43.919> given<00:32:44.159> any<00:32:44.399> specific<00:32:44.880> names<00:32:45.200> and<00:32:45.279> i 00:32:45.430 --> 00:32:45.440 align:start position:0% i wasn't given any specific names and i 00:32:45.440 --> 00:32:47.350 align:start position:0% i wasn't given any specific names and i said<00:32:45.600> well<00:32:45.840> the<00:32:46.000> experts<00:32:46.399> there<00:32:46.640> believe<00:32:47.039> that 00:32:47.350 --> 00:32:47.360 align:start position:0% said well the experts there believe that 00:32:47.360 --> 00:32:48.789 align:start position:0% said well the experts there believe that what<00:32:47.600> you 00:32:48.789 --> 00:32:48.799 align:start position:0% what you 00:32:48.799 --> 00:32:51.990 align:start position:0% what you want<00:32:49.120> to<00:32:49.279> build<00:32:49.840> is<00:32:50.000> not<00:32:50.240> possible<00:32:51.200> under<00:32:51.760> with 00:32:51.990 --> 00:32:52.000 align:start position:0% want to build is not possible under with 00:32:52.000 --> 00:32:53.190 align:start position:0% want to build is not possible under with this<00:32:52.320> kind<00:32:52.559> of<00:32:52.720> you<00:32:52.880> know 00:32:53.190 --> 00:32:53.200 align:start position:0% this kind of you know 00:32:53.200 --> 00:32:55.350 align:start position:0% this kind of you know under<00:32:53.600> under<00:32:53.919> plan<00:32:54.320> you've<00:32:54.559> got<00:32:54.880> i<00:32:54.960> thought<00:32:55.200> oh 00:32:55.350 --> 00:32:55.360 align:start position:0% under under plan you've got i thought oh 00:32:55.360 --> 00:32:57.190 align:start position:0% under under plan you've got i thought oh well<00:32:55.840> at<00:32:56.000> least<00:32:56.240> they're<00:32:56.399> decent<00:32:56.799> enough<00:32:57.039> to 00:32:57.190 --> 00:32:57.200 align:start position:0% well at least they're decent enough to 00:32:57.200 --> 00:32:59.350 align:start position:0% well at least they're decent enough to tell<00:32:57.440> me<00:32:57.600> don't<00:32:57.840> have<00:32:58.080> false<00:32:58.399> expectations<00:32:59.120> of 00:32:59.350 --> 00:32:59.360 align:start position:0% tell me don't have false expectations of 00:32:59.360 --> 00:33:01.990 align:start position:0% tell me don't have false expectations of getting<00:32:59.600> the<00:32:59.679> money<00:33:00.640> and<00:33:00.880> i<00:33:00.960> had<00:33:01.120> a<00:33:01.200> nice<00:33:01.519> chat 00:33:01.990 --> 00:33:02.000 align:start position:0% getting the money and i had a nice chat 00:33:02.000 --> 00:33:04.230 align:start position:0% getting the money and i had a nice chat and<00:33:02.240> they<00:33:02.480> thanked<00:33:02.720> me<00:33:02.880> for<00:33:03.039> the<00:33:03.120> visit 00:33:04.230 --> 00:33:04.240 align:start position:0% and they thanked me for the visit 00:33:04.240 --> 00:33:07.350 align:start position:0% and they thanked me for the visit and<00:33:04.399> then<00:33:04.559> they<00:33:04.720> gave<00:33:04.960> me<00:33:05.120> the<00:33:05.200> money<00:33:06.880> so<00:33:07.120> now<00:33:07.360> i 00:33:07.350 --> 00:33:07.360 align:start position:0% and then they gave me the money so now i 00:33:07.360 --> 00:33:08.149 align:start position:0% and then they gave me the money so now i was<00:33:07.519> really<00:33:07.760> under 00:33:08.149 --> 00:33:08.159 align:start position:0% was really under 00:33:08.159 --> 00:33:09.990 align:start position:0% was really under some<00:33:08.399> pressure<00:33:08.799> they<00:33:08.960> told<00:33:09.200> me<00:33:09.360> call<00:33:09.519> me<00:33:09.679> down 00:33:09.990 --> 00:33:10.000 align:start position:0% some pressure they told me call me down 00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:11.990 align:start position:0% some pressure they told me call me down they<00:33:10.240> said<00:33:10.720> have<00:33:10.960> a<00:33:11.039> go 00:33:11.990 --> 00:33:12.000 align:start position:0% they said have a go 00:33:12.000 --> 00:33:14.149 align:start position:0% they said have a go and<00:33:12.320> to<00:33:12.480> my<00:33:12.640> delight<00:33:13.039> i<00:33:13.200> managed<00:33:13.600> to<00:33:13.919> get 00:33:14.149 --> 00:33:14.159 align:start position:0% and to my delight i managed to get 00:33:14.159 --> 00:33:15.430 align:start position:0% and to my delight i managed to get working 00:33:15.430 --> 00:33:15.440 align:start position:0% working 00:33:15.440 --> 00:33:18.870 align:start position:0% working and<00:33:15.840> uh<00:33:16.080> stabosis<00:33:16.880> was<00:33:17.120> the<00:33:17.440> first<00:33:17.919> laser 00:33:18.870 --> 00:33:18.880 align:start position:0% and uh stabosis was the first laser 00:33:18.880 --> 00:33:20.389 align:start position:0% and uh stabosis was the first laser rangefinder<00:33:19.519> in<00:33:19.600> the<00:33:19.679> southern<00:33:19.919> hemisphere 00:33:20.389 --> 00:33:20.399 align:start position:0% rangefinder in the southern hemisphere 00:33:20.399 --> 00:33:22.070 align:start position:0% rangefinder in the southern hemisphere which<00:33:20.640> it<00:33:20.720> was<00:33:20.960> in<00:33:21.039> those<00:33:21.360> days<00:33:21.600> that<00:33:21.760> was<00:33:21.919> sort 00:33:22.070 --> 00:33:22.080 align:start position:0% which it was in those days that was sort 00:33:22.080 --> 00:33:25.669 align:start position:0% which it was in those days that was sort of<00:33:22.159> 1982<00:33:23.039> it's<00:33:23.200> very<00:33:23.440> early 00:33:25.669 --> 00:33:25.679 align:start position:0% of 1982 it's very early 00:33:25.679 --> 00:33:28.389 align:start position:0% of 1982 it's very early and<00:33:26.559> that's<00:33:26.960> where<00:33:27.279> i<00:33:27.519> really<00:33:27.760> got<00:33:28.000> interested 00:33:28.389 --> 00:33:28.399 align:start position:0% and that's where i really got interested 00:33:28.399 --> 00:33:29.430 align:start position:0% and that's where i really got interested in<00:33:28.480> the<00:33:28.559> third<00:33:28.799> dimension 00:33:29.430 --> 00:33:29.440 align:start position:0% in the third dimension 00:33:29.440 --> 00:33:31.110 align:start position:0% in the third dimension because<00:33:29.679> that<00:33:29.919> used<00:33:30.159> to<00:33:30.320> be<00:33:30.559> the<00:33:30.720> thing<00:33:30.880> that 00:33:31.110 --> 00:33:31.120 align:start position:0% because that used to be the thing that 00:33:31.120 --> 00:33:32.549 align:start position:0% because that used to be the thing that stopped<00:33:31.519> you<00:33:31.679> doing 00:33:32.549 --> 00:33:32.559 align:start position:0% stopped you doing 00:33:32.559 --> 00:33:34.389 align:start position:0% stopped you doing the<00:33:32.720> segmentation<00:33:33.679> and<00:33:33.840> the<00:33:34.000> handling 00:33:34.389 --> 00:33:34.399 align:start position:0% the segmentation and the handling 00:33:34.399 --> 00:33:36.389 align:start position:0% the segmentation and the handling probably<00:33:34.880> there<00:33:34.960> was<00:33:35.039> no<00:33:35.360> point<00:33:35.600> just 00:33:36.389 --> 00:33:36.399 align:start position:0% probably there was no point just 00:33:36.399 --> 00:33:38.549 align:start position:0% probably there was no point just outlining<00:33:37.279> figures<00:33:37.679> and<00:33:38.080> people<00:33:38.320> on<00:33:38.480> the 00:33:38.549 --> 00:33:38.559 align:start position:0% outlining figures and people on the 00:33:38.559 --> 00:33:41.110 align:start position:0% outlining figures and people on the photograph<00:33:39.120> what<00:33:39.279> you<00:33:39.440> really<00:33:39.679> want<00:33:39.919> to<00:33:40.000> know 00:33:41.110 --> 00:33:41.120 align:start position:0% photograph what you really want to know 00:33:41.120 --> 00:33:43.590 align:start position:0% photograph what you really want to know how<00:33:41.279> to<00:33:41.600> recognize<00:33:42.240> things<00:33:42.640> and<00:33:42.880> to<00:33:43.279> find 00:33:43.590 --> 00:33:43.600 align:start position:0% how to recognize things and to find 00:33:43.600 --> 00:33:45.750 align:start position:0% how to recognize things and to find where<00:33:43.760> they<00:33:43.919> were<00:33:44.159> in<00:33:44.320> space 00:33:45.750 --> 00:33:45.760 align:start position:0% where they were in space 00:33:45.760 --> 00:33:49.509 align:start position:0% where they were in space so<00:33:48.080> about<00:33:48.480> that<00:33:48.799> time 00:33:49.509 --> 00:33:49.519 align:start position:0% so about that time 00:33:49.519 --> 00:33:51.909 align:start position:0% so about that time i<00:33:49.679> had<00:33:49.919> this<00:33:50.159> notion<00:33:50.720> that<00:33:51.360> robotic 00:33:51.909 --> 00:33:51.919 align:start position:0% i had this notion that robotic 00:33:51.919 --> 00:33:53.590 align:start position:0% i had this notion that robotic manipulation<00:33:52.640> was<00:33:52.960> perhaps 00:33:53.590 --> 00:33:53.600 align:start position:0% manipulation was perhaps 00:33:53.600 --> 00:33:56.470 align:start position:0% manipulation was perhaps the<00:33:54.480> most<00:33:54.799> honest<00:33:55.200> way<00:33:55.519> of<00:33:55.679> testing<00:33:56.240> whether 00:33:56.470 --> 00:33:56.480 align:start position:0% the most honest way of testing whether 00:33:56.480 --> 00:33:58.789 align:start position:0% the most honest way of testing whether your<00:33:56.799> vision<00:33:57.120> was<00:33:57.279> operated<00:33:57.760> correctly 00:33:58.789 --> 00:33:58.799 align:start position:0% your vision was operated correctly 00:33:58.799 --> 00:34:01.750 align:start position:0% your vision was operated correctly anyone<00:33:59.279> could<00:33:59.519> look<00:33:59.760> at<00:34:00.080> your<00:34:01.120> sketches<00:34:01.679> and 00:34:01.750 --> 00:34:01.760 align:start position:0% anyone could look at your sketches and 00:34:01.760 --> 00:34:04.470 align:start position:0% anyone could look at your sketches and say<00:34:02.000> hey<00:34:02.159> that<00:34:02.480> looks<00:34:02.720> like<00:34:02.960> what<00:34:03.200> i<00:34:03.279> would<00:34:03.519> do 00:34:04.470 --> 00:34:04.480 align:start position:0% say hey that looks like what i would do 00:34:04.480 --> 00:34:07.590 align:start position:0% say hey that looks like what i would do but<00:34:04.720> how<00:34:04.880> do<00:34:05.039> i<00:34:05.120> know<00:34:05.440> that<00:34:06.720> that<00:34:06.960> schedule 00:34:07.590 --> 00:34:07.600 align:start position:0% but how do i know that that schedule 00:34:07.600 --> 00:34:08.869 align:start position:0% but how do i know that that schedule that 00:34:08.869 --> 00:34:08.879 align:start position:0% that 00:34:08.879 --> 00:34:12.149 align:start position:0% that segmentation<00:34:10.879> has<00:34:11.119> sufficient<00:34:11.679> information 00:34:12.149 --> 00:34:12.159 align:start position:0% segmentation has sufficient information 00:34:12.159 --> 00:34:13.190 align:start position:0% segmentation has sufficient information to<00:34:12.399> actually<00:34:12.720> permit 00:34:13.190 --> 00:34:13.200 align:start position:0% to actually permit 00:34:13.200 --> 00:34:14.710 align:start position:0% to actually permit manipulation<00:34:14.000> i<00:34:14.079> thought<00:34:14.320> if<00:34:14.399> you<00:34:14.480> could 00:34:14.710 --> 00:34:14.720 align:start position:0% manipulation i thought if you could 00:34:14.720 --> 00:34:16.230 align:start position:0% manipulation i thought if you could actually<00:34:14.960> show<00:34:15.200> that<00:34:15.359> manipulation<00:34:16.000> was 00:34:16.230 --> 00:34:16.240 align:start position:0% actually show that manipulation was 00:34:16.240 --> 00:34:17.510 align:start position:0% actually show that manipulation was supported<00:34:16.800> by<00:34:16.960> this 00:34:17.510 --> 00:34:17.520 align:start position:0% supported by this 00:34:17.520 --> 00:34:20.710 align:start position:0% supported by this analysis<00:34:18.800> you<00:34:19.040> then<00:34:19.280> had<00:34:19.440> a<00:34:19.520> way<00:34:19.679> of<00:34:19.839> saying 00:34:20.710 --> 00:34:20.720 align:start position:0% analysis you then had a way of saying 00:34:20.720 --> 00:34:23.349 align:start position:0% analysis you then had a way of saying uh<00:34:21.280> even<00:34:21.599> if<00:34:21.839> you<00:34:22.000> have<00:34:22.240> objections<00:34:22.960> to<00:34:23.119> some 00:34:23.349 --> 00:34:23.359 align:start position:0% uh even if you have objections to some 00:34:23.359 --> 00:34:24.869 align:start position:0% uh even if you have objections to some of<00:34:23.440> the<00:34:23.520> philosophic<00:34:24.320> ideas 00:34:24.869 --> 00:34:24.879 align:start position:0% of the philosophic ideas 00:34:24.879 --> 00:34:27.270 align:start position:0% of the philosophic ideas i<00:34:25.040> can<00:34:25.280> demonstrate<00:34:25.919> a<00:34:26.079> practical<00:34:26.560> outcome 00:34:27.270 --> 00:34:27.280 align:start position:0% i can demonstrate a practical outcome 00:34:27.280 --> 00:34:28.869 align:start position:0% i can demonstrate a practical outcome therefore<00:34:27.839> from<00:34:28.079> an<00:34:28.240> engineering<00:34:28.639> point<00:34:28.800> of 00:34:28.869 --> 00:34:28.879 align:start position:0% therefore from an engineering point of 00:34:28.879 --> 00:34:29.750 align:start position:0% therefore from an engineering point of view<00:34:29.119> that's<00:34:29.359> a<00:34:29.440> good 00:34:29.750 --> 00:34:29.760 align:start position:0% view that's a good 00:34:29.760 --> 00:34:32.710 align:start position:0% view that's a good solid<00:34:30.159> result<00:34:31.359> and<00:34:31.679> then<00:34:31.839> i<00:34:31.919> thought<00:34:32.159> what<00:34:32.480> i 00:34:32.710 --> 00:34:32.720 align:start position:0% solid result and then i thought what i 00:34:32.720 --> 00:34:34.710 align:start position:0% solid result and then i thought what i need<00:34:32.879> is<00:34:33.040> a<00:34:33.119> robot 00:34:34.710 --> 00:34:34.720 align:start position:0% need is a robot 00:34:34.720 --> 00:34:37.990 align:start position:0% need is a robot and<00:34:35.200> again<00:34:35.679> with<00:34:35.919> some<00:34:36.159> funding<00:34:37.679> i<00:34:37.839> had 00:34:37.990 --> 00:34:38.000 align:start position:0% and again with some funding i had 00:34:38.000 --> 00:34:39.430 align:start position:0% and again with some funding i had something<00:34:38.320> like<00:34:38.480> twenty<00:34:38.720> thousand<00:34:39.119> dollars 00:34:39.430 --> 00:34:39.440 align:start position:0% something like twenty thousand dollars 00:34:39.440 --> 00:34:41.030 align:start position:0% something like twenty thousand dollars for<00:34:39.599> a<00:34:39.679> robot 00:34:41.030 --> 00:34:41.040 align:start position:0% for a robot 00:34:41.040 --> 00:34:44.230 align:start position:0% for a robot and<00:34:41.280> in<00:34:41.440> those<00:34:41.679> days<00:34:42.079> a<00:34:42.159> decent<00:34:42.560> robot 00:34:44.230 --> 00:34:44.240 align:start position:0% and in those days a decent robot 00:34:44.240 --> 00:34:47.990 align:start position:0% and in those days a decent robot such<00:34:44.480> as<00:34:44.639> the<00:34:44.800> one<00:34:45.679> made<00:34:46.839> by 00:34:47.990 --> 00:34:48.000 align:start position:0% such as the one made by 00:34:48.000 --> 00:34:51.990 align:start position:0% such as the one made by joe<00:34:48.320> ingleburger's 00:34:51.990 --> 00:34:52.000 align:start position:0% 00:34:52.000 --> 00:34:54.230 align:start position:0% stuff<00:34:52.399> was<00:34:52.720> called<00:34:53.359> puma<00:34:53.760> and<00:34:53.839> this<00:34:54.000> one 00:34:54.230 --> 00:34:54.240 align:start position:0% stuff was called puma and this one 00:34:54.240 --> 00:34:55.669 align:start position:0% stuff was called puma and this one called<00:34:54.399> the<00:34:54.480> unimate<00:34:55.040> the<00:34:55.119> small<00:34:55.359> one<00:34:55.520> was 00:34:55.669 --> 00:34:55.679 align:start position:0% called the unimate the small one was 00:34:55.679 --> 00:34:57.910 align:start position:0% called the unimate the small one was called<00:34:55.919> a<00:34:56.000> unimate<00:34:56.480> 250 00:34:57.910 --> 00:34:57.920 align:start position:0% called a unimate 250 00:34:57.920 --> 00:35:02.790 align:start position:0% called a unimate 250 those<00:34:58.240> cost<00:34:58.560> about<00:34:59.040> 45<00:34:59.520> to<00:34:59.680> 50<00:35:00.160> 000 00:35:02.790 --> 00:35:02.800 align:start position:0% 00:35:02.800 --> 00:35:07.030 align:start position:0% the<00:35:02.960> local<00:35:03.520> agent<00:35:04.079> for<00:35:04.720> um<00:35:05.440> unimation 00:35:07.030 --> 00:35:07.040 align:start position:0% the local agent for um unimation 00:35:07.040 --> 00:35:08.710 align:start position:0% the local agent for um unimation i<00:35:07.200> think<00:35:07.359> what<00:35:07.599> animation<00:35:08.079> incorporated<00:35:08.640> in 00:35:08.710 --> 00:35:08.720 align:start position:0% i think what animation incorporated in 00:35:08.720 --> 00:35:10.069 align:start position:0% i think what animation incorporated in those<00:35:08.960> days 00:35:10.069 --> 00:35:10.079 align:start position:0% those days 00:35:10.079 --> 00:35:13.750 align:start position:0% those days said<00:35:10.320> why<00:35:10.560> don't<00:35:10.800> you<00:35:11.280> ring<00:35:11.520> joe<00:35:11.760> engelberg<00:35:13.040> so 00:35:13.750 --> 00:35:13.760 align:start position:0% said why don't you ring joe engelberg so 00:35:13.760 --> 00:35:15.750 align:start position:0% said why don't you ring joe engelberg so with<00:35:14.000> nothing<00:35:14.320> to<00:35:14.480> lose<00:35:14.880> i<00:35:14.960> remember<00:35:15.520> trying 00:35:15.750 --> 00:35:15.760 align:start position:0% with nothing to lose i remember trying 00:35:15.760 --> 00:35:17.349 align:start position:0% with nothing to lose i remember trying to<00:35:15.839> pick<00:35:16.079> my<00:35:16.320> time<00:35:16.560> so<00:35:16.800> it<00:35:16.800> was<00:35:17.040> sort<00:35:17.200> of 00:35:17.349 --> 00:35:17.359 align:start position:0% to pick my time so it was sort of 00:35:17.359 --> 00:35:18.310 align:start position:0% to pick my time so it was sort of mid-afternoon 00:35:18.310 --> 00:35:18.320 align:start position:0% mid-afternoon 00:35:18.320 --> 00:35:21.109 align:start position:0% mid-afternoon united<00:35:18.720> states<00:35:20.000> and<00:35:20.320> i<00:35:20.480> spoke<00:35:20.720> to<00:35:20.880> joe 00:35:21.109 --> 00:35:21.119 align:start position:0% united states and i spoke to joe 00:35:21.119 --> 00:35:23.270 align:start position:0% united states and i spoke to joe engelberger<00:35:21.760> you<00:35:21.920> know<00:35:22.079> the<00:35:22.240> great 00:35:23.270 --> 00:35:23.280 align:start position:0% engelberger you know the great 00:35:23.280 --> 00:35:25.190 align:start position:0% engelberger you know the great the<00:35:23.440> father<00:35:23.839> robotics<00:35:24.400> and<00:35:24.560> all<00:35:24.720> this<00:35:24.880> kind<00:35:25.040> of 00:35:25.190 --> 00:35:25.200 align:start position:0% the father robotics and all this kind of 00:35:25.200 --> 00:35:27.430 align:start position:0% the father robotics and all this kind of stuff<00:35:26.079> and<00:35:26.320> he<00:35:26.560> just<00:35:26.800> said<00:35:27.040> oh 00:35:27.430 --> 00:35:27.440 align:start position:0% stuff and he just said oh 00:35:27.440 --> 00:35:29.270 align:start position:0% stuff and he just said oh look<00:35:27.680> leave<00:35:27.920> it<00:35:28.000> with<00:35:28.160> me<00:35:28.400> maybe<00:35:28.640> i<00:35:28.800> would<00:35:29.040> find 00:35:29.270 --> 00:35:29.280 align:start position:0% look leave it with me maybe i would find 00:35:29.280 --> 00:35:31.589 align:start position:0% look leave it with me maybe i would find a<00:35:29.359> refurbished<00:35:30.240> unit<00:35:30.640> and<00:35:30.720> send<00:35:30.960> it<00:35:31.119> to 00:35:31.589 --> 00:35:31.599 align:start position:0% a refurbished unit and send it to 00:35:31.599 --> 00:35:34.870 align:start position:0% a refurbished unit and send it to and<00:35:31.839> indeed<00:35:33.520> good<00:35:33.680> to<00:35:33.839> his<00:35:34.000> word<00:35:34.320> this 00:35:34.870 --> 00:35:34.880 align:start position:0% and indeed good to his word this 00:35:34.880 --> 00:35:38.790 align:start position:0% and indeed good to his word this box<00:35:35.200> arrived<00:35:35.599> with<00:35:35.839> a<00:35:36.240> puma<00:35:36.560> 250<00:35:37.119> at<00:35:37.359> 20<00:35:37.599> 000 00:35:38.790 --> 00:35:38.800 align:start position:0% box arrived with a puma 250 at 20 000 00:35:38.800 --> 00:35:42.230 align:start position:0% box arrived with a puma 250 at 20 000 so<00:35:38.960> that<00:35:39.119> was<00:35:39.359> my<00:35:39.520> first<00:35:39.839> robot<00:35:40.480> and 00:35:42.230 --> 00:35:42.240 align:start position:0% so that was my first robot and 00:35:42.240 --> 00:35:45.829 align:start position:0% so that was my first robot and between<00:35:43.359> the<00:35:43.520> time<00:35:44.400> i<00:35:44.640> got<00:35:44.880> it<00:35:45.040> and<00:35:45.200> the<00:35:45.359> time<00:35:45.599> i 00:35:45.829 --> 00:35:45.839 align:start position:0% between the time i got it and the time i 00:35:45.839 --> 00:35:46.950 align:start position:0% between the time i got it and the time i finally 00:35:46.950 --> 00:35:46.960 align:start position:0% finally 00:35:46.960 --> 00:35:49.750 align:start position:0% finally shifted<00:35:47.440> to<00:35:47.920> monash<00:35:48.720> like<00:35:48.960> over<00:35:49.200> a<00:35:49.359> three<00:35:49.599> year 00:35:49.750 --> 00:35:49.760 align:start position:0% shifted to monash like over a three year 00:35:49.760 --> 00:35:51.190 align:start position:0% shifted to monash like over a three year period<00:35:50.160> i<00:35:50.320> started<00:35:50.640> doing<00:35:50.800> hand-eye 00:35:51.190 --> 00:35:51.200 align:start position:0% period i started doing hand-eye 00:35:51.200 --> 00:35:52.630 align:start position:0% period i started doing hand-eye coordination 00:35:52.630 --> 00:35:52.640 align:start position:0% coordination 00:35:52.640 --> 00:35:55.349 align:start position:0% coordination so<00:35:52.800> i<00:35:52.880> was<00:35:53.040> using<00:35:53.280> my<00:35:53.440> laser<00:35:53.760> rangefinder<00:35:55.200> and 00:35:55.349 --> 00:35:55.359 align:start position:0% so i was using my laser rangefinder and 00:35:55.359 --> 00:35:56.710 align:start position:0% so i was using my laser rangefinder and other<00:35:55.599> methods 00:35:56.710 --> 00:35:56.720 align:start position:0% other methods 00:35:56.720 --> 00:35:59.829 align:start position:0% other methods vision<00:35:57.200> methods<00:35:57.680> to<00:35:58.079> allow<00:35:58.480> robot<00:35:59.040> to<00:35:59.359> pick<00:35:59.599> up 00:35:59.829 --> 00:35:59.839 align:start position:0% vision methods to allow robot to pick up 00:35:59.839 --> 00:36:00.710 align:start position:0% vision methods to allow robot to pick up blocks 00:36:00.710 --> 00:36:00.720 align:start position:0% blocks 00:36:00.720 --> 00:36:02.550 align:start position:0% blocks so<00:36:00.880> i<00:36:01.040> scavenged<00:36:01.599> a<00:36:01.680> lot<00:36:01.839> of<00:36:02.079> the<00:36:02.240> building 00:36:02.550 --> 00:36:02.560 align:start position:0% so i scavenged a lot of the building 00:36:02.560 --> 00:36:04.470 align:start position:0% so i scavenged a lot of the building blocks<00:36:02.800> of<00:36:02.880> my<00:36:03.119> kids<00:36:03.440> play<00:36:03.760> pens<00:36:04.079> and<00:36:04.240> stuff 00:36:04.470 --> 00:36:04.480 align:start position:0% blocks of my kids play pens and stuff 00:36:04.480 --> 00:36:04.950 align:start position:0% blocks of my kids play pens and stuff like<00:36:04.640> that 00:36:04.950 --> 00:36:04.960 align:start position:0% like that 00:36:04.960 --> 00:36:06.870 align:start position:0% like that had<00:36:05.200> all<00:36:05.359> these<00:36:05.760> different<00:36:06.160> colored<00:36:06.480> blocks 00:36:06.870 --> 00:36:06.880 align:start position:0% had all these different colored blocks 00:36:06.880 --> 00:36:08.790 align:start position:0% had all these different colored blocks and<00:36:06.960> i<00:36:07.119> could<00:36:07.359> manipulate<00:36:08.000> them<00:36:08.240> and 00:36:08.790 --> 00:36:08.800 align:start position:0% and i could manipulate them and 00:36:08.800 --> 00:36:11.190 align:start position:0% and i could manipulate them and pick<00:36:08.960> them<00:36:09.200> off<00:36:09.359> a<00:36:09.520> table<00:36:09.920> and<00:36:10.240> put<00:36:10.480> it<00:36:10.800> into 00:36:11.190 --> 00:36:11.200 align:start position:0% pick them off a table and put it into 00:36:11.200 --> 00:36:12.790 align:start position:0% pick them off a table and put it into different<00:36:11.440> and<00:36:11.599> i<00:36:11.839> was<00:36:12.079> quite<00:36:12.400> pleased<00:36:12.640> with 00:36:12.790 --> 00:36:12.800 align:start position:0% different and i was quite pleased with 00:36:12.800 --> 00:36:13.190 align:start position:0% different and i was quite pleased with that 00:36:13.190 --> 00:36:13.200 align:start position:0% that 00:36:13.200 --> 00:36:17.109 align:start position:0% that again<00:36:14.079> the<00:36:14.240> experimental<00:36:15.280> side<00:36:15.599> was<00:36:15.839> seen<00:36:16.079> as 00:36:17.109 --> 00:36:17.119 align:start position:0% again the experimental side was seen as 00:36:17.119 --> 00:36:18.790 align:start position:0% again the experimental side was seen as critical<00:36:17.520> for<00:36:17.760> me<00:36:18.000> rather<00:36:18.320> than<00:36:18.640> more 00:36:18.790 --> 00:36:18.800 align:start position:0% critical for me rather than more 00:36:18.800 --> 00:36:20.710 align:start position:0% critical for me rather than more theoretical<00:36:19.440> science 00:36:20.710 --> 00:36:20.720 align:start position:0% theoretical science 00:36:20.720 --> 00:36:22.870 align:start position:0% theoretical science were<00:36:20.880> you<00:36:21.119> in<00:36:21.440> contact<00:36:22.160> with<00:36:22.480> some<00:36:22.640> of<00:36:22.800> the 00:36:22.870 --> 00:36:22.880 align:start position:0% were you in contact with some of the 00:36:22.880 --> 00:36:24.390 align:start position:0% were you in contact with some of the other<00:36:23.040> people<00:36:23.359> who<00:36:23.520> were<00:36:23.680> doing 00:36:24.390 --> 00:36:24.400 align:start position:0% other people who were doing 00:36:24.400 --> 00:36:26.790 align:start position:0% other people who were doing manipulation<00:36:25.280> and<00:36:25.359> block<00:36:25.680> world<00:36:26.000> at<00:36:26.160> the<00:36:26.320> time 00:36:26.790 --> 00:36:26.800 align:start position:0% manipulation and block world at the time 00:36:26.800 --> 00:36:27.910 align:start position:0% manipulation and block world at the time um<00:36:27.280> no<00:36:27.599> but 00:36:27.910 --> 00:36:27.920 align:start position:0% um no but 00:36:27.920 --> 00:36:30.310 align:start position:0% um no but i<00:36:28.079> certainly<00:36:29.040> i<00:36:29.280> knew<00:36:29.520> the<00:36:29.680> bloc's<00:36:30.000> world 00:36:30.310 --> 00:36:30.320 align:start position:0% i certainly i knew the bloc's world 00:36:30.320 --> 00:36:31.510 align:start position:0% i certainly i knew the bloc's world experiments 00:36:31.510 --> 00:36:31.520 align:start position:0% experiments 00:36:31.520 --> 00:36:33.829 align:start position:0% experiments in<00:36:31.839> great<00:36:32.079> detail<00:36:32.480> and<00:36:32.640> in<00:36:32.800> fact<00:36:33.200> taught<00:36:33.520> them 00:36:33.829 --> 00:36:33.839 align:start position:0% in great detail and in fact taught them 00:36:33.839 --> 00:36:35.750 align:start position:0% in great detail and in fact taught them in<00:36:33.920> my<00:36:34.160> classes<00:36:34.640> in<00:36:34.720> computer<00:36:35.200> vision<00:36:35.520> so<00:36:35.680> i 00:36:35.750 --> 00:36:35.760 align:start position:0% in my classes in computer vision so i 00:36:35.760 --> 00:36:37.109 align:start position:0% in my classes in computer vision so i knew<00:36:35.920> all<00:36:36.079> the<00:36:36.240> work 00:36:37.109 --> 00:36:37.119 align:start position:0% knew all the work 00:36:37.119 --> 00:36:39.829 align:start position:0% knew all the work of<00:36:37.359> winston<00:36:37.839> and<00:36:38.000> guzman<00:36:38.560> and<00:36:38.960> others<00:36:39.599> and 00:36:39.829 --> 00:36:39.839 align:start position:0% of winston and guzman and others and 00:36:39.839 --> 00:36:41.910 align:start position:0% of winston and guzman and others and also<00:36:40.079> some<00:36:40.320> work<00:36:40.560> that<00:36:40.720> was<00:36:40.880> happening<00:36:41.200> at<00:36:41.359> sri 00:36:41.910 --> 00:36:41.920 align:start position:0% also some work that was happening at sri 00:36:41.920 --> 00:36:43.510 align:start position:0% also some work that was happening at sri simultaneously<00:36:42.720> in<00:36:42.800> fact<00:36:42.960> there<00:36:43.119> were<00:36:43.280> two 00:36:43.510 --> 00:36:43.520 align:start position:0% simultaneously in fact there were two 00:36:43.520 --> 00:36:46.950 align:start position:0% simultaneously in fact there were two schools<00:36:43.920> of<00:36:44.079> thought<00:36:44.320> about<00:36:44.560> how<00:36:44.720> to<00:36:44.960> do<00:36:45.119> it 00:36:46.950 --> 00:36:46.960 align:start position:0% schools of thought about how to do it 00:36:46.960 --> 00:36:50.310 align:start position:0% schools of thought about how to do it the<00:36:47.520> sri<00:36:48.079> people<00:36:48.400> were 00:36:50.310 --> 00:36:50.320 align:start position:0% the sri people were 00:36:50.320 --> 00:36:52.470 align:start position:0% the sri people were dealing<00:36:50.640> with<00:36:50.800> one<00:36:51.040> aspect<00:36:51.440> and<00:36:51.680> mit<00:36:52.160> was 00:36:52.470 --> 00:36:52.480 align:start position:0% dealing with one aspect and mit was 00:36:52.480 --> 00:36:54.069 align:start position:0% dealing with one aspect and mit was going<00:36:52.720> the<00:36:52.880> other<00:36:53.040> direction<00:36:53.599> and<00:36:53.760> the 00:36:54.069 --> 00:36:54.079 align:start position:0% going the other direction and the 00:36:54.079 --> 00:36:56.310 align:start position:0% going the other direction and the two<00:36:54.400> actually<00:36:54.640> came<00:36:54.800> together<00:36:55.280> later<00:36:56.079> so<00:36:56.160> i 00:36:56.310 --> 00:36:56.320 align:start position:0% two actually came together later so i 00:36:56.320 --> 00:36:57.910 align:start position:0% two actually came together later so i was<00:36:56.400> very<00:36:56.640> intrigued<00:36:57.040> by<00:36:57.200> the<00:36:57.359> box<00:36:57.680> world 00:36:57.910 --> 00:36:57.920 align:start position:0% was very intrigued by the box world 00:36:57.920 --> 00:36:59.270 align:start position:0% was very intrigued by the box world experiments<00:36:58.560> but 00:36:59.270 --> 00:36:59.280 align:start position:0% experiments but 00:36:59.280 --> 00:37:01.910 align:start position:0% experiments but i<00:36:59.520> was<00:36:59.760> really<00:37:00.000> more<00:37:00.240> interested<00:37:00.800> in<00:37:01.760> trying 00:37:01.910 --> 00:37:01.920 align:start position:0% i was really more interested in trying 00:37:01.920 --> 00:37:03.030 align:start position:0% i was really more interested in trying to<00:37:02.079> exploit<00:37:02.640> the 00:37:03.030 --> 00:37:03.040 align:start position:0% to exploit the 00:37:03.040 --> 00:37:05.510 align:start position:0% to exploit the the<00:37:03.280> physicality<00:37:04.079> of<00:37:04.160> the<00:37:04.400> 3d<00:37:04.800> analysis 00:37:05.510 --> 00:37:05.520 align:start position:0% the physicality of the 3d analysis 00:37:05.520 --> 00:37:07.750 align:start position:0% the physicality of the 3d analysis rather<00:37:05.920> than<00:37:06.240> the 00:37:07.750 --> 00:37:07.760 align:start position:0% rather than the 00:37:07.760 --> 00:37:11.430 align:start position:0% rather than the notion<00:37:08.320> of<00:37:10.000> clustering<00:37:10.720> vertices 00:37:11.430 --> 00:37:11.440 align:start position:0% notion of clustering vertices 00:37:11.440 --> 00:37:15.270 align:start position:0% notion of clustering vertices which<00:37:11.680> is<00:37:11.839> the<00:37:12.000> guzman<00:37:12.880> approach<00:37:13.359> of 00:37:15.270 --> 00:37:15.280 align:start position:0% which is the guzman approach of 00:37:15.280 --> 00:37:19.990 align:start position:0% which is the guzman approach of sort<00:37:15.520> of<00:37:18.240> reasoning<00:37:18.720> about<00:37:19.119> block<00:37:19.440> structure 00:37:19.990 --> 00:37:20.000 align:start position:0% sort of reasoning about block structure 00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:21.750 align:start position:0% sort of reasoning about block structure from<00:37:20.400> the<00:37:20.560> appearance<00:37:21.280> of 00:37:21.750 --> 00:37:21.760 align:start position:0% from the appearance of 00:37:21.760 --> 00:37:24.950 align:start position:0% from the appearance of the<00:37:22.000> edge<00:37:22.320> data<00:37:23.040> i<00:37:23.119> said<00:37:23.359> if<00:37:23.440> i've<00:37:23.520> got<00:37:23.680> a<00:37:23.839> 3d 00:37:24.950 --> 00:37:24.960 align:start position:0% the edge data i said if i've got a 3d 00:37:24.960 --> 00:37:28.790 align:start position:0% the edge data i said if i've got a 3d analysis<00:37:25.839> of<00:37:26.480> things<00:37:26.880> physically<00:37:27.440> existing 00:37:28.790 --> 00:37:28.800 align:start position:0% analysis of things physically existing 00:37:28.800 --> 00:37:31.430 align:start position:0% analysis of things physically existing i<00:37:28.960> can<00:37:29.200> pick<00:37:29.440> them<00:37:29.680> up<00:37:29.839> even<00:37:30.079> before<00:37:30.560> i<00:37:30.720> know 00:37:31.430 --> 00:37:31.440 align:start position:0% i can pick them up even before i know 00:37:31.440 --> 00:37:32.950 align:start position:0% i can pick them up even before i know what<00:37:31.680> they<00:37:31.920> are 00:37:32.950 --> 00:37:32.960 align:start position:0% what they are 00:37:32.960 --> 00:37:34.790 align:start position:0% what they are and<00:37:33.119> what's<00:37:33.440> more<00:37:33.680> i<00:37:33.760> don't<00:37:34.079> need<00:37:34.320> to<00:37:34.480> know 00:37:34.790 --> 00:37:34.800 align:start position:0% and what's more i don't need to know 00:37:34.800 --> 00:37:35.990 align:start position:0% and what's more i don't need to know which<00:37:35.119> things<00:37:35.680> are 00:37:35.990 --> 00:37:36.000 align:start position:0% which things are 00:37:36.000 --> 00:37:37.750 align:start position:0% which things are attached<00:37:36.480> or<00:37:36.640> not<00:37:36.800> attached<00:37:37.200> to<00:37:37.280> other<00:37:37.520> things 00:37:37.750 --> 00:37:37.760 align:start position:0% attached or not attached to other things 00:37:37.760 --> 00:37:40.069 align:start position:0% attached or not attached to other things because<00:37:38.240> by<00:37:38.400> picking<00:37:38.720> them<00:37:38.960> up<00:37:39.040> i'll<00:37:39.280> find<00:37:39.599> out 00:37:40.069 --> 00:37:40.079 align:start position:0% because by picking them up i'll find out 00:37:40.079 --> 00:37:42.550 align:start position:0% because by picking them up i'll find out so<00:37:40.640> there<00:37:40.800> was<00:37:41.119> this<00:37:41.359> is<00:37:41.599> active<00:37:42.000> this<00:37:42.160> is<00:37:42.320> now 00:37:42.550 --> 00:37:42.560 align:start position:0% so there was this is active this is now 00:37:42.560 --> 00:37:44.069 align:start position:0% so there was this is active this is now called<00:37:42.800> active<00:37:43.040> vision<00:37:43.440> it's<00:37:43.599> how<00:37:43.839> to 00:37:44.069 --> 00:37:44.079 align:start position:0% called active vision it's how to 00:37:44.079 --> 00:37:44.870 align:start position:0% called active vision it's how to actually 00:37:44.870 --> 00:37:44.880 align:start position:0% actually 00:37:44.880 --> 00:37:47.109 align:start position:0% actually improve<00:37:45.359> your<00:37:45.520> quality<00:37:46.000> by<00:37:46.240> saying<00:37:46.960> the 00:37:47.109 --> 00:37:47.119 align:start position:0% improve your quality by saying the 00:37:47.119 --> 00:37:48.230 align:start position:0% improve your quality by saying the manipulator 00:37:48.230 --> 00:37:48.240 align:start position:0% manipulator 00:37:48.240 --> 00:37:50.470 align:start position:0% manipulator is<00:37:48.480> allowed<00:37:48.800> to<00:37:49.040> change<00:37:49.599> the<00:37:49.920> world<00:37:50.320> and 00:37:50.470 --> 00:37:50.480 align:start position:0% is allowed to change the world and 00:37:50.480 --> 00:37:52.390 align:start position:0% is allowed to change the world and therefore<00:37:50.800> the<00:37:51.040> change<00:37:51.359> can<00:37:51.599> expose<00:37:52.160> things 00:37:52.390 --> 00:37:52.400 align:start position:0% therefore the change can expose things 00:37:52.400 --> 00:37:53.670 align:start position:0% therefore the change can expose things that<00:37:52.560> you<00:37:52.720> may<00:37:52.880> not<00:37:53.040> have<00:37:53.200> known 00:37:53.670 --> 00:37:53.680 align:start position:0% that you may not have known 00:37:53.680 --> 00:37:56.630 align:start position:0% that you may not have known statically<00:37:54.720> so<00:37:54.880> i<00:37:54.960> was<00:37:55.119> very<00:37:56.000> keen<00:37:56.320> on<00:37:56.480> the 00:37:56.630 --> 00:37:56.640 align:start position:0% statically so i was very keen on the 00:37:56.640 --> 00:37:59.349 align:start position:0% statically so i was very keen on the idea<00:37:56.880> of<00:37:57.119> interacting 00:37:59.349 --> 00:37:59.359 align:start position:0% idea of interacting 00:37:59.359 --> 00:38:00.870 align:start position:0% idea of interacting so<00:37:59.599> a<00:37:59.680> number<00:37:59.920> of<00:38:00.079> other<00:38:00.320> projects<00:38:00.720> that 00:38:00.870 --> 00:38:00.880 align:start position:0% so a number of other projects that 00:38:00.880 --> 00:38:02.470 align:start position:0% so a number of other projects that followed<00:38:01.359> along<00:38:01.680> this<00:38:02.000> line 00:38:02.470 --> 00:38:02.480 align:start position:0% followed along this line 00:38:02.480 --> 00:38:07.109 align:start position:0% followed along this line is<00:38:02.800> all<00:38:02.960> about<00:38:04.079> what<00:38:04.320> i<00:38:04.480> called<00:38:04.880> uh 00:38:07.109 --> 00:38:07.119 align:start position:0% 00:38:07.119 --> 00:38:10.310 align:start position:0% post<00:38:07.520> recognition<00:38:09.200> manipulating<00:38:09.920> first<00:38:10.240> and 00:38:10.310 --> 00:38:10.320 align:start position:0% post recognition manipulating first and 00:38:10.320 --> 00:38:12.310 align:start position:0% post recognition manipulating first and then<00:38:10.560> recognize<00:38:11.200> for<00:38:11.359> example<00:38:11.760> picking<00:38:12.079> up<00:38:12.160> an 00:38:12.310 --> 00:38:12.320 align:start position:0% then recognize for example picking up an 00:38:12.320 --> 00:38:13.910 align:start position:0% then recognize for example picking up an object<00:38:12.640> so<00:38:12.800> i've<00:38:12.880> got<00:38:13.040> this<00:38:13.280> object 00:38:13.910 --> 00:38:13.920 align:start position:0% object so i've got this object 00:38:13.920 --> 00:38:16.230 align:start position:0% object so i've got this object now<00:38:14.160> let<00:38:14.320> me<00:38:14.480> look<00:38:14.720> at<00:38:14.880> it<00:38:15.440> and<00:38:15.599> now<00:38:15.839> decide 00:38:16.230 --> 00:38:16.240 align:start position:0% now let me look at it and now decide 00:38:16.240 --> 00:38:17.270 align:start position:0% now let me look at it and now decide what<00:38:16.400> it<00:38:16.560> is 00:38:17.270 --> 00:38:17.280 align:start position:0% what it is 00:38:17.280 --> 00:38:19.030 align:start position:0% what it is which<00:38:17.599> is<00:38:17.680> not<00:38:17.839> what<00:38:18.000> humans<00:38:18.400> do<00:38:18.640> but<00:38:18.880> from<00:38:19.040> a 00:38:19.030 --> 00:38:19.040 align:start position:0% which is not what humans do but from a 00:38:19.040 --> 00:38:20.310 align:start position:0% which is not what humans do but from a robotic<00:38:19.520> point<00:38:19.680> of<00:38:19.760> view 00:38:20.310 --> 00:38:20.320 align:start position:0% robotic point of view 00:38:20.320 --> 00:38:22.950 align:start position:0% robotic point of view much<00:38:20.560> simpler<00:38:21.040> because<00:38:21.760> once<00:38:22.000> you<00:38:22.240> separated 00:38:22.950 --> 00:38:22.960 align:start position:0% much simpler because once you separated 00:38:22.960 --> 00:38:25.190 align:start position:0% much simpler because once you separated a<00:38:23.040> physical<00:38:23.520> object<00:38:23.920> from<00:38:24.160> a<00:38:24.240> cluster 00:38:25.190 --> 00:38:25.200 align:start position:0% a physical object from a cluster 00:38:25.200 --> 00:38:26.950 align:start position:0% a physical object from a cluster you<00:38:25.359> now<00:38:25.599> had<00:38:25.839> it<00:38:25.920> in<00:38:26.079> isolation<00:38:26.720> and<00:38:26.800> you 00:38:26.950 --> 00:38:26.960 align:start position:0% you now had it in isolation and you 00:38:26.960 --> 00:38:28.470 align:start position:0% you now had it in isolation and you could<00:38:27.119> change<00:38:27.440> the<00:38:27.599> viewpoint 00:38:28.470 --> 00:38:28.480 align:start position:0% could change the viewpoint 00:38:28.480 --> 00:38:32.069 align:start position:0% could change the viewpoint so<00:38:28.720> one<00:38:28.880> of<00:38:28.960> the<00:38:29.119> projects<00:38:29.599> we<00:38:29.760> had<00:38:30.480> when<00:38:30.839> i 00:38:32.069 --> 00:38:32.079 align:start position:0% so one of the projects we had when i 00:38:32.079 --> 00:38:34.790 align:start position:0% so one of the projects we had when i had<00:38:32.400> just<00:38:33.280> established<00:38:33.920> the<00:38:34.400> intelligent 00:38:34.790 --> 00:38:34.800 align:start position:0% had just established the intelligent 00:38:34.800 --> 00:38:36.790 align:start position:0% had just established the intelligent robotics<00:38:35.200> research<00:38:35.599> center<00:38:35.920> was<00:38:36.160> in<00:38:36.320> fact 00:38:36.790 --> 00:38:36.800 align:start position:0% robotics research center was in fact 00:38:36.800 --> 00:38:41.589 align:start position:0% robotics research center was in fact a<00:38:36.880> hand-eye<00:38:39.280> process<00:38:39.839> by<00:38:40.160> which<00:38:40.480> we<00:38:40.720> had 00:38:41.589 --> 00:38:41.599 align:start position:0% a hand-eye process by which we had 00:38:41.599 --> 00:38:44.069 align:start position:0% a hand-eye process by which we had a<00:38:42.079> 3d<00:38:42.560> scanner<00:38:42.960> there's<00:38:43.119> not<00:38:43.280> a<00:38:43.359> laser<00:38:43.680> scanner 00:38:44.069 --> 00:38:44.079 align:start position:0% a 3d scanner there's not a laser scanner 00:38:44.079 --> 00:38:47.270 align:start position:0% a 3d scanner there's not a laser scanner but<00:38:44.240> a<00:38:44.400> stripe<00:38:44.839> scanner<00:38:45.920> collecting<00:38:46.400> 3d<00:38:46.800> data 00:38:47.270 --> 00:38:47.280 align:start position:0% but a stripe scanner collecting 3d data 00:38:47.280 --> 00:38:48.150 align:start position:0% but a stripe scanner collecting 3d data and<00:38:47.440> then 00:38:48.150 --> 00:38:48.160 align:start position:0% and then 00:38:48.160 --> 00:38:51.030 align:start position:0% and then picking<00:38:48.480> up<00:38:48.720> unknown<00:38:49.280> objects<00:38:50.400> holding<00:38:50.800> them 00:38:51.030 --> 00:38:51.040 align:start position:0% picking up unknown objects holding them 00:38:51.040 --> 00:38:52.950 align:start position:0% picking up unknown objects holding them up<00:38:51.119> to<00:38:51.280> the<00:38:51.440> camera<00:38:51.760> and<00:38:51.920> then<00:38:52.160> recognizing 00:38:52.950 --> 00:38:52.960 align:start position:0% up to the camera and then recognizing 00:38:52.960 --> 00:38:53.510 align:start position:0% up to the camera and then recognizing them 00:38:53.510 --> 00:38:53.520 align:start position:0% them 00:38:53.520 --> 00:38:57.430 align:start position:0% them and<00:38:53.839> that<00:38:54.000> was<00:38:54.240> pretty<00:38:54.480> successful 00:38:57.430 --> 00:38:57.440 align:start position:0% 00:38:57.440 --> 00:39:00.630 align:start position:0% that<00:38:57.760> project<00:38:59.599> about<00:38:59.920> three<00:39:00.079> years<00:39:00.400> with<00:39:00.560> a 00:39:00.630 --> 00:39:00.640 align:start position:0% that project about three years with a 00:39:00.640 --> 00:39:02.710 align:start position:0% that project about three years with a few<00:39:00.880> colleagues<00:39:01.359> and<00:39:01.440> so<00:39:01.599> on<00:39:01.680> with<00:39:01.920> one<00:39:02.160> that 00:39:02.710 --> 00:39:02.720 align:start position:0% few colleagues and so on with one that 00:39:02.720 --> 00:39:05.270 align:start position:0% few colleagues and so on with one that we<00:39:02.880> were<00:39:03.040> hoping<00:39:03.520> would<00:39:03.920> be<00:39:04.160> taken<00:39:04.800> into<00:39:05.119> an 00:39:05.270 --> 00:39:05.280 align:start position:0% we were hoping would be taken into an 00:39:05.280 --> 00:39:05.990 align:start position:0% we were hoping would be taken into an industrial 00:39:05.990 --> 00:39:06.000 align:start position:0% industrial 00:39:06.000 --> 00:39:09.430 align:start position:0% industrial application<00:39:06.640> with<00:39:06.880> a<00:39:08.160> very<00:39:08.480> large<00:39:08.800> company<00:39:09.119> we 00:39:09.430 --> 00:39:09.440 align:start position:0% application with a very large company we 00:39:09.440 --> 00:39:09.910 align:start position:0% application with a very large company we had 00:39:09.910 --> 00:39:09.920 align:start position:0% had 00:39:09.920 --> 00:39:13.670 align:start position:0% had as<00:39:10.079> an<00:39:10.240> industrial<00:39:10.800> partner<00:39:12.640> this<00:39:12.880> company<00:39:13.440> is 00:39:13.670 --> 00:39:13.680 align:start position:0% as an industrial partner this company is 00:39:13.680 --> 00:39:15.589 align:start position:0% as an industrial partner this company is uh 00:39:15.589 --> 00:39:15.599 align:start position:0% uh 00:39:15.599 --> 00:39:18.950 align:start position:0% uh bhp<00:39:16.800> which<00:39:17.119> is<00:39:17.760> one<00:39:18.000> of<00:39:18.079> the<00:39:18.240> largest 00:39:18.950 --> 00:39:18.960 align:start position:0% bhp which is one of the largest 00:39:18.960 --> 00:39:21.030 align:start position:0% bhp which is one of the largest mining<00:39:19.280> companies<00:39:19.680> in<00:39:19.839> the<00:39:19.920> world<00:39:20.560> combined 00:39:21.030 --> 00:39:21.040 align:start position:0% mining companies in the world combined 00:39:21.040 --> 00:39:22.790 align:start position:0% mining companies in the world combined with<00:39:21.200> the<00:39:21.440> company<00:39:21.760> called<00:39:22.000> built<00:39:22.320> and<00:39:22.480> built 00:39:22.790 --> 00:39:22.800 align:start position:0% with the company called built and built 00:39:22.800 --> 00:39:23.349 align:start position:0% with the company called built and built and 00:39:23.349 --> 00:39:23.359 align:start position:0% and 00:39:23.359 --> 00:39:26.310 align:start position:0% and php<00:39:23.920> bulletin<00:39:24.320> is<00:39:24.480> quite<00:39:24.800> huge<00:39:25.680> i<00:39:26.000> give<00:39:26.160> you 00:39:26.310 --> 00:39:26.320 align:start position:0% php bulletin is quite huge i give you 00:39:26.320 --> 00:39:27.990 align:start position:0% php bulletin is quite huge i give you some<00:39:26.480> idea<00:39:26.720> of<00:39:26.800> the<00:39:26.960> size<00:39:27.440> but<00:39:27.599> of<00:39:27.680> course<00:39:27.920> a 00:39:27.990 --> 00:39:28.000 align:start position:0% some idea of the size but of course a 00:39:28.000 --> 00:39:30.870 align:start position:0% some idea of the size but of course a great<00:39:28.320> sense<00:39:28.640> that<00:39:28.880> last<00:39:29.119> year<00:39:29.359> they 00:39:30.870 --> 00:39:30.880 align:start position:0% great sense that last year they 00:39:30.880 --> 00:39:33.829 align:start position:0% great sense that last year they posted<00:39:31.359> a<00:39:31.520> profit<00:39:31.920> of<00:39:32.000> 22<00:39:32.400> billion<00:39:32.800> dollars<00:39:33.599> so 00:39:33.829 --> 00:39:33.839 align:start position:0% posted a profit of 22 billion dollars so 00:39:33.839 --> 00:39:35.109 align:start position:0% posted a profit of 22 billion dollars so it's<00:39:34.000> big<00:39:34.240> stuff 00:39:35.109 --> 00:39:35.119 align:start position:0% it's big stuff 00:39:35.119 --> 00:39:37.270 align:start position:0% it's big stuff in<00:39:35.680> early<00:39:36.000> days<00:39:36.480> they<00:39:36.640> had<00:39:36.800> a<00:39:36.880> research 00:39:37.270 --> 00:39:37.280 align:start position:0% in early days they had a research 00:39:37.280 --> 00:39:38.390 align:start position:0% in early days they had a research laboratory<00:39:37.839> about 00:39:38.390 --> 00:39:38.400 align:start position:0% laboratory about 00:39:38.400 --> 00:39:40.630 align:start position:0% laboratory about one<00:39:38.640> and<00:39:38.720> a<00:39:38.720> half<00:39:38.960> kilometers<00:39:39.440> from<00:39:39.680> my<00:39:39.920> campus 00:39:40.630 --> 00:39:40.640 align:start position:0% one and a half kilometers from my campus 00:39:40.640 --> 00:39:42.630 align:start position:0% one and a half kilometers from my campus so<00:39:40.880> it's<00:39:41.040> quite<00:39:41.280> good<00:39:41.520> to 00:39:42.630 --> 00:39:42.640 align:start position:0% so it's quite good to 00:39:42.640 --> 00:39:44.470 align:start position:0% so it's quite good to work<00:39:42.880> with<00:39:43.040> them<00:39:43.359> so<00:39:43.520> we<00:39:43.680> got<00:39:43.920> interested<00:39:44.320> in 00:39:44.470 --> 00:39:44.480 align:start position:0% work with them so we got interested in 00:39:44.480 --> 00:39:45.990 align:start position:0% work with them so we got interested in the<00:39:44.560> hand-eye<00:39:44.960> coordination<00:39:45.599> stuff 00:39:45.990 --> 00:39:46.000 align:start position:0% the hand-eye coordination stuff 00:39:46.000 --> 00:39:49.430 align:start position:0% the hand-eye coordination stuff and<00:39:46.160> also<00:39:46.560> in<00:39:46.800> mobile<00:39:48.320> robotics 00:39:49.430 --> 00:39:49.440 align:start position:0% and also in mobile robotics 00:39:49.440 --> 00:39:50.710 align:start position:0% and also in mobile robotics so<00:39:49.680> they<00:39:49.839> were<00:39:50.000> talking<00:39:50.400> about<00:39:50.560> the 00:39:50.710 --> 00:39:50.720 align:start position:0% so they were talking about the 00:39:50.720 --> 00:39:52.950 align:start position:0% so they were talking about the possibility<00:39:51.119> of<00:39:51.200> using<00:39:51.520> mobile<00:39:51.920> robots<00:39:52.320> in<00:39:52.480> a 00:39:52.950 --> 00:39:52.960 align:start position:0% possibility of using mobile robots in a 00:39:52.960 --> 00:39:56.390 align:start position:0% possibility of using mobile robots in a steel<00:39:53.280> plant<00:39:54.400> and<00:39:55.200> mostly<00:39:55.599> the<00:39:55.839> sensors<00:39:56.320> that 00:39:56.390 --> 00:39:56.400 align:start position:0% steel plant and mostly the sensors that 00:39:56.400 --> 00:39:57.750 align:start position:0% steel plant and mostly the sensors that we're<00:39:56.640> developing<00:39:57.040> not<00:39:57.200> so<00:39:57.440> much 00:39:57.750 --> 00:39:57.760 align:start position:0% we're developing not so much 00:39:57.760 --> 00:39:59.430 align:start position:0% we're developing not so much either<00:39:58.000> the<00:39:58.160> demonstration<00:39:59.119> with<00:39:59.280> the 00:39:59.430 --> 00:39:59.440 align:start position:0% either the demonstration with the 00:39:59.440 --> 00:40:00.950 align:start position:0% either the demonstration with the hand-eye<00:39:59.839> coordination<00:40:00.560> or 00:40:00.950 --> 00:40:00.960 align:start position:0% hand-eye coordination or 00:40:00.960 --> 00:40:03.270 align:start position:0% hand-eye coordination or navigation<00:40:02.160> but<00:40:02.400> we<00:40:02.560> were<00:40:02.640> developing<00:40:03.200> a 00:40:03.270 --> 00:40:03.280 align:start position:0% navigation but we were developing a 00:40:03.280 --> 00:40:04.630 align:start position:0% navigation but we were developing a number<00:40:03.520> of 00:40:04.630 --> 00:40:04.640 align:start position:0% number of 00:40:04.640 --> 00:40:07.510 align:start position:0% number of 3d<00:40:05.040> sensors<00:40:05.599> striped<00:40:06.000> light<00:40:06.319> and<00:40:07.280> trying<00:40:07.440> to 00:40:07.510 --> 00:40:07.520 align:start position:0% 3d sensors striped light and trying to 00:40:07.520 --> 00:40:09.589 align:start position:0% 3d sensors striped light and trying to speed<00:40:07.760> things<00:40:08.079> up<00:40:08.240> and<00:40:08.319> get<00:40:08.560> quality 00:40:09.589 --> 00:40:09.599 align:start position:0% speed things up and get quality 00:40:09.599 --> 00:40:11.990 align:start position:0% speed things up and get quality and<00:40:09.760> in<00:40:09.839> fact<00:40:10.160> one<00:40:10.319> of<00:40:10.480> the<00:40:11.040> outcomes<00:40:11.599> of<00:40:11.760> this 00:40:11.990 --> 00:40:12.000 align:start position:0% and in fact one of the outcomes of this 00:40:12.000 --> 00:40:13.829 align:start position:0% and in fact one of the outcomes of this research<00:40:12.480> project<00:40:12.880> was<00:40:13.200> a 00:40:13.829 --> 00:40:13.839 align:start position:0% research project was a 00:40:13.839 --> 00:40:16.790 align:start position:0% research project was a a<00:40:14.079> strike<00:40:14.480> light<00:40:15.280> 3d<00:40:15.839> system<00:40:16.160> that<00:40:16.319> was<00:40:16.560> used 00:40:16.790 --> 00:40:16.800 align:start position:0% a strike light 3d system that was used 00:40:16.800 --> 00:40:17.670 align:start position:0% a strike light 3d system that was used in<00:40:16.960> the<00:40:17.040> steel<00:40:17.359> mill 00:40:17.670 --> 00:40:17.680 align:start position:0% in the steel mill 00:40:17.680 --> 00:40:21.750 align:start position:0% in the steel mill to<00:40:18.400> to<00:40:19.280> test<00:40:19.680> the<00:40:20.240> smoothness<00:40:20.880> of<00:40:21.040> the<00:40:21.280> surface 00:40:21.750 --> 00:40:21.760 align:start position:0% to to test the smoothness of the surface 00:40:21.760 --> 00:40:22.150 align:start position:0% to to test the smoothness of the surface of<00:40:21.920> a 00:40:22.150 --> 00:40:22.160 align:start position:0% of a 00:40:22.160 --> 00:40:25.589 align:start position:0% of a rolling<00:40:22.560> mill<00:40:22.880> sheet<00:40:23.280> coming<00:40:23.680> out<00:40:24.400> and<00:40:25.040> bhp 00:40:25.589 --> 00:40:25.599 align:start position:0% rolling mill sheet coming out and bhp 00:40:25.599 --> 00:40:29.109 align:start position:0% rolling mill sheet coming out and bhp claimed<00:40:26.000> that<00:40:26.880> that<00:40:28.160> application<00:40:28.720> alone 00:40:29.109 --> 00:40:29.119 align:start position:0% claimed that that application alone 00:40:29.119 --> 00:40:30.870 align:start position:0% claimed that that application alone justified<00:40:29.920> the 00:40:30.870 --> 00:40:30.880 align:start position:0% justified the 00:40:30.880 --> 00:40:32.390 align:start position:0% justified the the<00:40:31.040> money<00:40:31.280> that<00:40:31.440> went<00:40:31.680> into<00:40:31.839> the<00:40:31.920> research 00:40:32.390 --> 00:40:32.400 align:start position:0% the money that went into the research 00:40:32.400 --> 00:40:34.150 align:start position:0% the money that went into the research project<00:40:32.720> so<00:40:32.880> i<00:40:32.960> actually<00:40:33.200> took<00:40:33.520> one<00:40:33.680> of 00:40:34.150 --> 00:40:34.160 align:start position:0% project so i actually took one of 00:40:34.160 --> 00:40:36.710 align:start position:0% project so i actually took one of probably<00:40:34.480> about<00:40:34.800> five<00:40:35.280> ideas<00:40:35.760> and<00:40:36.240> at<00:40:36.480> least 00:40:36.710 --> 00:40:36.720 align:start position:0% probably about five ideas and at least 00:40:36.720 --> 00:40:37.670 align:start position:0% probably about five ideas and at least used<00:40:37.040> that 00:40:37.670 --> 00:40:37.680 align:start position:0% used that 00:40:37.680 --> 00:40:41.349 align:start position:0% used that within<00:40:38.400> in-house<00:40:39.520> uh<00:40:40.079> bhb<00:40:40.560> at<00:40:40.640> that<00:40:40.880> time<00:40:41.119> did 00:40:41.349 --> 00:40:41.359 align:start position:0% within in-house uh bhb at that time did 00:40:41.359 --> 00:40:42.069 align:start position:0% within in-house uh bhb at that time did have<00:40:41.680> a 00:40:42.069 --> 00:40:42.079 align:start position:0% have a 00:40:42.079 --> 00:40:43.670 align:start position:0% have a commercial<00:40:42.560> wing<00:40:42.800> that<00:40:42.880> was<00:40:43.119> meant<00:40:43.280> to<00:40:43.440> take 00:40:43.670 --> 00:40:43.680 align:start position:0% commercial wing that was meant to take 00:40:43.680 --> 00:40:45.430 align:start position:0% commercial wing that was meant to take good<00:40:43.839> ideas<00:40:44.160> to<00:40:44.240> commercialize 00:40:45.430 --> 00:40:45.440 align:start position:0% good ideas to commercialize 00:40:45.440 --> 00:40:50.630 align:start position:0% good ideas to commercialize outside<00:40:45.920> but<00:40:46.160> they<00:40:47.040> were<00:40:47.200> a<00:40:47.280> little<00:40:47.599> bit<00:40:47.920> uh 00:40:50.630 --> 00:40:50.640 align:start position:0% 00:40:50.640 --> 00:40:52.309 align:start position:0% hesitant<00:40:51.119> they<00:40:51.280> didn't<00:40:51.520> actually<00:40:51.839> take<00:40:52.079> this 00:40:52.309 --> 00:40:52.319 align:start position:0% hesitant they didn't actually take this 00:40:52.319 --> 00:40:54.470 align:start position:0% hesitant they didn't actually take this product<00:40:52.720> i<00:40:52.800> think<00:40:52.960> that<00:40:53.599> wing<00:40:53.839> of<00:40:54.000> bhp 00:40:54.470 --> 00:40:54.480 align:start position:0% product i think that wing of bhp 00:40:54.480 --> 00:40:56.069 align:start position:0% product i think that wing of bhp disappeared<00:40:55.040> anyway<00:40:55.440> so<00:40:55.680> we're<00:40:55.839> a<00:40:55.920> bit 00:40:56.069 --> 00:40:56.079 align:start position:0% disappeared anyway so we're a bit 00:40:56.079 --> 00:40:58.230 align:start position:0% disappeared anyway so we're a bit disappointed<00:40:56.720> that<00:40:56.960> what<00:40:57.200> we<00:40:57.359> thought<00:40:57.520> were 00:40:58.230 --> 00:40:58.240 align:start position:0% disappointed that what we thought were 00:40:58.240 --> 00:41:00.309 align:start position:0% disappointed that what we thought were uh<00:40:58.640> usable<00:40:59.119> industrial<00:40:59.680> ideas<00:41:00.000> were<00:41:00.160> not 00:41:00.309 --> 00:41:00.319 align:start position:0% uh usable industrial ideas were not 00:41:00.319 --> 00:41:01.910 align:start position:0% uh usable industrial ideas were not exploited<00:41:00.880> except<00:41:01.280> for<00:41:01.440> that 00:41:01.910 --> 00:41:01.920 align:start position:0% exploited except for that 00:41:01.920 --> 00:41:04.309 align:start position:0% exploited except for that particular<00:41:02.400> range<00:41:02.720> finance<00:41:03.359> building<00:41:04.160> how 00:41:04.309 --> 00:41:04.319 align:start position:0% particular range finance building how 00:41:04.319 --> 00:41:06.630 align:start position:0% particular range finance building how much<00:41:04.480> money<00:41:04.720> was<00:41:04.960> involved<00:41:05.359> if<00:41:05.520> you<00:41:05.680> remember 00:41:06.630 --> 00:41:06.640 align:start position:0% much money was involved if you remember 00:41:06.640 --> 00:41:09.670 align:start position:0% much money was involved if you remember uh<00:41:08.240> i<00:41:08.400> think<00:41:08.560> it<00:41:08.560> was<00:41:08.720> a<00:41:08.800> million<00:41:09.040> dollars<00:41:09.440> over 00:41:09.670 --> 00:41:09.680 align:start position:0% uh i think it was a million dollars over 00:41:09.680 --> 00:41:11.510 align:start position:0% uh i think it was a million dollars over three<00:41:09.920> years<00:41:10.319> so<00:41:10.480> it<00:41:10.480> was<00:41:10.640> enough<00:41:11.040> to<00:41:11.200> employ 00:41:11.510 --> 00:41:11.520 align:start position:0% three years so it was enough to employ 00:41:11.520 --> 00:41:14.150 align:start position:0% three years so it was enough to employ about<00:41:11.760> four<00:41:12.000> people 00:41:14.150 --> 00:41:14.160 align:start position:0% about four people 00:41:14.160 --> 00:41:16.470 align:start position:0% about four people um<00:41:15.200> in<00:41:15.280> the<00:41:15.440> australian<00:41:15.760> context<00:41:16.160> that<00:41:16.319> was 00:41:16.470 --> 00:41:16.480 align:start position:0% um in the australian context that was 00:41:16.480 --> 00:41:18.550 align:start position:0% um in the australian context that was considered<00:41:16.960> quite<00:41:17.200> large 00:41:18.550 --> 00:41:18.560 align:start position:0% considered quite large 00:41:18.560 --> 00:41:20.150 align:start position:0% considered quite large and<00:41:18.720> it<00:41:18.800> was<00:41:18.960> one<00:41:19.119> of<00:41:19.200> those<00:41:19.359> very<00:41:19.599> early<00:41:19.920> what 00:41:20.150 --> 00:41:20.160 align:start position:0% and it was one of those very early what 00:41:20.160 --> 00:41:22.069 align:start position:0% and it was one of those very early what was<00:41:20.480> called<00:41:21.040> a 00:41:22.069 --> 00:41:22.079 align:start position:0% was called a 00:41:22.079 --> 00:41:25.589 align:start position:0% was called a good<00:41:22.560> gird<00:41:23.520> was<00:41:23.760> government's<00:41:24.640> uh<00:41:24.960> industrial 00:41:25.589 --> 00:41:25.599 align:start position:0% good gird was government's uh industrial 00:41:25.599 --> 00:41:27.349 align:start position:0% good gird was government's uh industrial research<00:41:26.079> development 00:41:27.349 --> 00:41:27.359 align:start position:0% research development 00:41:27.359 --> 00:41:28.950 align:start position:0% research development so<00:41:27.599> it<00:41:27.680> wasn't<00:41:27.920> meant<00:41:28.079> to<00:41:28.160> be<00:41:28.319> pure<00:41:28.560> research 00:41:28.950 --> 00:41:28.960 align:start position:0% so it wasn't meant to be pure research 00:41:28.960 --> 00:41:30.309 align:start position:0% so it wasn't meant to be pure research was<00:41:29.119> meant<00:41:29.280> to<00:41:29.359> be<00:41:29.520> something<00:41:29.760> you<00:41:29.920> did<00:41:30.079> with 00:41:30.309 --> 00:41:30.319 align:start position:0% was meant to be something you did with 00:41:30.319 --> 00:41:30.630 align:start position:0% was meant to be something you did with an 00:41:30.630 --> 00:41:30.640 align:start position:0% an 00:41:30.640 --> 00:41:33.270 align:start position:0% an industrial<00:41:31.200> partner<00:41:32.160> and<00:41:32.400> the<00:41:32.480> hope<00:41:32.800> was<00:41:33.119> that 00:41:33.270 --> 00:41:33.280 align:start position:0% industrial partner and the hope was that 00:41:33.280 --> 00:41:34.069 align:start position:0% industrial partner and the hope was that by<00:41:33.520> using 00:41:34.069 --> 00:41:34.079 align:start position:0% by using 00:41:34.079 --> 00:41:37.270 align:start position:0% by using public<00:41:34.800> purse<00:41:35.359> funding<00:41:36.319> you<00:41:36.480> would<00:41:36.640> encourage 00:41:37.270 --> 00:41:37.280 align:start position:0% public purse funding you would encourage 00:41:37.280 --> 00:41:37.750 align:start position:0% public purse funding you would encourage the 00:41:37.750 --> 00:41:37.760 align:start position:0% the 00:41:37.760 --> 00:41:40.309 align:start position:0% the industrial<00:41:38.240> partner<00:41:38.720> to<00:41:39.280> exploit<00:41:39.760> the<00:41:39.920> market 00:41:40.309 --> 00:41:40.319 align:start position:0% industrial partner to exploit the market 00:41:40.319 --> 00:41:41.109 align:start position:0% industrial partner to exploit the market with<00:41:40.560> the 00:41:41.109 --> 00:41:41.119 align:start position:0% with the 00:41:41.119 --> 00:41:44.150 align:start position:0% with the the<00:41:41.359> outcomes<00:41:42.400> and<00:41:42.640> certainly<00:41:43.040> bhp<00:41:43.760> were 00:41:44.150 --> 00:41:44.160 align:start position:0% the outcomes and certainly bhp were 00:41:44.160 --> 00:41:46.069 align:start position:0% the outcomes and certainly bhp were one<00:41:44.400> of<00:41:44.480> the<00:41:44.640> key<00:41:45.040> industrial<00:41:45.520> partners<00:41:45.839> for 00:41:46.069 --> 00:41:46.079 align:start position:0% one of the key industrial partners for 00:41:46.079 --> 00:41:49.270 align:start position:0% one of the key industrial partners for quite<00:41:46.319> a<00:41:46.400> number<00:41:46.640> of<00:41:46.800> different<00:41:47.119> projects 00:41:49.270 --> 00:41:49.280 align:start position:0% quite a number of different projects 00:41:49.280 --> 00:41:50.400 align:start position:0% quite a number of different projects what<00:41:49.440> year<00:41:49.680> was<00:41:49.920> this 00:41:50.400 --> 00:41:50.410 align:start position:0% what year was this 00:41:50.410 --> 00:41:52.390 align:start position:0% what year was this [Music] 00:41:52.390 --> 00:41:52.400 align:start position:0% [Music] 00:41:52.400 --> 00:41:55.670 align:start position:0% [Music] now<00:41:52.720> that's<00:41:53.119> a<00:41:53.200> bit<00:41:53.440> harder<00:41:55.040> i<00:41:55.119> think<00:41:55.359> around 00:41:55.670 --> 00:41:55.680 align:start position:0% now that's a bit harder i think around 00:41:55.680 --> 00:42:00.550 align:start position:0% now that's a bit harder i think around 90<00:41:56.240> how<00:41:56.400> about 00:42:00.550 --> 00:42:00.560 align:start position:0% 00:42:00.560 --> 00:42:05.109 align:start position:0% i<00:42:00.800> think<00:42:00.960> i've<00:42:01.200> been<00:42:01.520> about<00:42:02.319> uh<00:42:03.880> 9192 00:42:05.109 --> 00:42:05.119 align:start position:0% i think i've been about uh 9192 00:42:05.119 --> 00:42:07.349 align:start position:0% i think i've been about uh 9192 i3<00:42:05.760> about<00:42:06.000> then<00:42:06.240> i<00:42:06.400> have<00:42:06.480> to<00:42:06.640> double<00:42:07.040> check<00:42:07.280> i'm 00:42:07.349 --> 00:42:07.359 align:start position:0% i3 about then i have to double check i'm 00:42:07.359 --> 00:42:09.589 align:start position:0% i3 about then i have to double check i'm not<00:42:07.520> sure<00:42:07.920> exactly 00:42:09.589 --> 00:42:09.599 align:start position:0% not sure exactly 00:42:09.599 --> 00:42:14.069 align:start position:0% not sure exactly yeah<00:42:09.760> it<00:42:09.839> would<00:42:10.079> be<00:42:10.240> about<00:42:10.560> then 00:42:14.069 --> 00:42:14.079 align:start position:0% 00:42:14.079 --> 00:42:17.109 align:start position:0% about<00:42:14.800> a<00:42:14.880> little<00:42:15.119> later<00:42:15.520> i<00:42:15.520> i<00:42:16.000> joined<00:42:16.560> uh<00:42:16.960> one 00:42:17.109 --> 00:42:17.119 align:start position:0% about a little later i i joined uh one 00:42:17.119 --> 00:42:18.390 align:start position:0% about a little later i i joined uh one of<00:42:17.280> the<00:42:17.520> uh 00:42:18.390 --> 00:42:18.400 align:start position:0% of the uh 00:42:18.400 --> 00:42:21.750 align:start position:0% of the uh um<00:42:20.079> panels<00:42:20.560> of<00:42:20.640> the<00:42:20.800> australian<00:42:21.280> research 00:42:21.750 --> 00:42:21.760 align:start position:0% um panels of the australian research 00:42:21.760 --> 00:42:22.630 align:start position:0% um panels of the australian research council 00:42:22.630 --> 00:42:22.640 align:start position:0% council 00:42:22.640 --> 00:42:26.790 align:start position:0% council i<00:42:22.800> think<00:42:23.040> that<00:42:23.200> was<00:42:23.440> about<00:42:24.240> 82<00:42:24.960> 92<00:42:25.440> to<00:42:25.599> 96. 00:42:26.790 --> 00:42:26.800 align:start position:0% i think that was about 82 92 to 96. 00:42:26.800 --> 00:42:28.470 align:start position:0% i think that was about 82 92 to 96. so<00:42:26.960> i<00:42:27.040> think<00:42:27.280> the<00:42:27.440> year<00:42:27.680> this<00:42:27.920> other<00:42:28.079> project 00:42:28.470 --> 00:42:28.480 align:start position:0% so i think the year this other project 00:42:28.480 --> 00:42:31.030 align:start position:0% so i think the year this other project was<00:42:28.880> before<00:42:29.280> then 00:42:31.030 --> 00:42:31.040 align:start position:0% was before then 00:42:31.040 --> 00:42:32.870 align:start position:0% was before then that<00:42:31.200> was<00:42:31.520> interesting<00:42:32.079> just<00:42:32.240> to<00:42:32.400> be<00:42:32.560> a<00:42:32.640> member 00:42:32.870 --> 00:42:32.880 align:start position:0% that was interesting just to be a member 00:42:32.880 --> 00:42:34.390 align:start position:0% that was interesting just to be a member of<00:42:32.960> the<00:42:33.040> panel<00:42:33.359> be<00:42:33.599> like<00:42:33.839> being<00:42:34.079> on<00:42:34.160> an 00:42:34.390 --> 00:42:34.400 align:start position:0% of the panel be like being on an 00:42:34.400 --> 00:42:38.950 align:start position:0% of the panel be like being on an nsf<00:42:34.880> panel<00:42:35.200> or<00:42:35.280> some<00:42:35.520> such<00:42:35.760> thing<00:42:36.160> in<00:42:36.240> america 00:42:38.950 --> 00:42:38.960 align:start position:0% 00:42:38.960 --> 00:42:43.109 align:start position:0% so<00:42:39.119> i<00:42:39.280> got<00:42:39.520> to<00:42:39.680> learn<00:42:41.599> i<00:42:41.839> guess 00:42:43.109 --> 00:42:43.119 align:start position:0% so i got to learn i guess 00:42:43.119 --> 00:42:46.470 align:start position:0% so i got to learn i guess what<00:42:43.280> you<00:42:43.440> could<00:42:43.680> call<00:42:45.280> the<00:42:45.520> the<00:42:46.000> outer 00:42:46.470 --> 00:42:46.480 align:start position:0% what you could call the the outer 00:42:46.480 --> 00:42:47.670 align:start position:0% what you could call the the outer writing 00:42:47.670 --> 00:42:47.680 align:start position:0% writing 00:42:47.680 --> 00:42:50.630 align:start position:0% writing submissions<00:42:48.800> and<00:42:49.200> how<00:42:49.599> to<00:42:49.760> do<00:42:49.920> it<00:42:50.079> and<00:42:50.160> how<00:42:50.480> not 00:42:50.630 --> 00:42:50.640 align:start position:0% submissions and how to do it and how not 00:42:50.640 --> 00:42:53.750 align:start position:0% submissions and how to do it and how not to<00:42:50.800> do<00:42:50.960> it<00:42:51.119> there's<00:42:51.280> many<00:42:51.520> many<00:42:51.839> examples<00:42:52.560> and 00:42:53.750 --> 00:42:53.760 align:start position:0% to do it there's many many examples and 00:42:53.760 --> 00:42:55.829 align:start position:0% to do it there's many many examples and i<00:42:53.920> got<00:42:54.160> good<00:42:54.400> write<00:42:54.640> i<00:42:54.800> got<00:42:55.119> good<00:42:55.359> at<00:42:55.440> writing 00:42:55.829 --> 00:42:55.839 align:start position:0% i got good write i got good at writing 00:42:55.839 --> 00:42:59.109 align:start position:0% i got good write i got good at writing proposals<00:42:56.400> i<00:42:56.480> think<00:42:56.720> about<00:42:57.040> that<00:42:57.359> time<00:42:57.920> and 00:42:59.109 --> 00:42:59.119 align:start position:0% proposals i think about that time and 00:42:59.119 --> 00:43:00.790 align:start position:0% proposals i think about that time and so<00:42:59.280> typically<00:42:59.760> what<00:42:59.920> this<00:43:00.160> committee<00:43:00.560> would 00:43:00.790 --> 00:43:00.800 align:start position:0% so typically what this committee would 00:43:00.800 --> 00:43:02.790 align:start position:0% so typically what this committee would do<00:43:01.119> is<00:43:01.280> collect<00:43:01.760> like<00:43:02.079> 300 00:43:02.790 --> 00:43:02.800 align:start position:0% do is collect like 300 00:43:02.800 --> 00:43:08.550 align:start position:0% do is collect like 300 applications<00:43:05.440> farm<00:43:05.760> them<00:43:06.000> out<00:43:06.160> to<00:43:06.400> assessors 00:43:08.550 --> 00:43:08.560 align:start position:0% applications farm them out to assessors 00:43:08.560 --> 00:43:10.790 align:start position:0% applications farm them out to assessors subdivide<00:43:09.200> it<00:43:09.359> into<00:43:09.599> the<00:43:09.760> panel<00:43:10.079> members<00:43:10.480> to 00:43:10.790 --> 00:43:10.800 align:start position:0% subdivide it into the panel members to 00:43:10.800 --> 00:43:13.190 align:start position:0% subdivide it into the panel members to act<00:43:11.119> as<00:43:11.280> the<00:43:11.520> lead<00:43:11.920> for<00:43:12.079> discussion<00:43:12.800> on 00:43:13.190 --> 00:43:13.200 align:start position:0% act as the lead for discussion on 00:43:13.200 --> 00:43:16.870 align:start position:0% act as the lead for discussion on maybe<00:43:13.520> 100<00:43:14.240> samples<00:43:14.800> each<00:43:15.760> and<00:43:16.000> then 00:43:16.870 --> 00:43:16.880 align:start position:0% maybe 100 samples each and then 00:43:16.880 --> 00:43:19.829 align:start position:0% maybe 100 samples each and then incorporate<00:43:17.680> our<00:43:17.920> own<00:43:18.319> responses<00:43:19.119> with<00:43:19.520> those 00:43:19.829 --> 00:43:19.839 align:start position:0% incorporate our own responses with those 00:43:19.839 --> 00:43:21.030 align:start position:0% incorporate our own responses with those of<00:43:20.000> the<00:43:20.240> referees 00:43:21.030 --> 00:43:21.040 align:start position:0% of the referees 00:43:21.040 --> 00:43:24.150 align:start position:0% of the referees and<00:43:21.200> come<00:43:21.520> to<00:43:21.760> a<00:43:22.560> common<00:43:23.359> idea<00:43:23.760> about<00:43:24.000> the 00:43:24.150 --> 00:43:24.160 align:start position:0% and come to a common idea about the 00:43:24.160 --> 00:43:25.430 align:start position:0% and come to a common idea about the quality<00:43:24.640> of<00:43:24.880> project 00:43:25.430 --> 00:43:25.440 align:start position:0% quality of project 00:43:25.440 --> 00:43:28.550 align:start position:0% quality of project and<00:43:25.520> then<00:43:27.359> more<00:43:27.520> or<00:43:27.520> less<00:43:27.760> democrat<00:43:28.400> would 00:43:28.550 --> 00:43:28.560 align:start position:0% and then more or less democrat would 00:43:28.560 --> 00:43:30.069 align:start position:0% and then more or less democrat would decide<00:43:28.960> who<00:43:29.119> was<00:43:29.200> going<00:43:29.359> to<00:43:29.440> get<00:43:29.599> the<00:43:29.680> money 00:43:30.069 --> 00:43:30.079 align:start position:0% decide who was going to get the money 00:43:30.079 --> 00:43:33.990 align:start position:0% decide who was going to get the money that<00:43:30.319> was<00:43:30.480> a<00:43:30.640> fairly<00:43:31.040> uh<00:43:31.359> intense<00:43:32.480> process 00:43:33.990 --> 00:43:34.000 align:start position:0% that was a fairly uh intense process 00:43:34.000 --> 00:43:35.910 align:start position:0% that was a fairly uh intense process so<00:43:34.160> the<00:43:34.319> pre-reading<00:43:34.960> maybe<00:43:35.200> took<00:43:35.440> a<00:43:35.520> week<00:43:35.760> or 00:43:35.910 --> 00:43:35.920 align:start position:0% so the pre-reading maybe took a week or 00:43:35.920 --> 00:43:37.190 align:start position:0% so the pre-reading maybe took a week or two<00:43:36.240> and<00:43:36.319> then<00:43:36.480> you'd<00:43:36.720> meet 00:43:37.190 --> 00:43:37.200 align:start position:0% two and then you'd meet 00:43:37.200 --> 00:43:39.190 align:start position:0% two and then you'd meet together<00:43:37.599> in<00:43:37.680> a<00:43:37.760> room<00:43:38.079> and<00:43:38.480> sit<00:43:38.720> in<00:43:38.800> that<00:43:38.960> room 00:43:39.190 --> 00:43:39.200 align:start position:0% together in a room and sit in that room 00:43:39.200 --> 00:43:40.550 align:start position:0% together in a room and sit in that room for<00:43:39.359> three<00:43:39.599> four<00:43:39.760> days 00:43:40.550 --> 00:43:40.560 align:start position:0% for three four days 00:43:40.560 --> 00:43:42.069 align:start position:0% for three four days and<00:43:40.720> then<00:43:40.880> take<00:43:41.119> the<00:43:41.200> results<00:43:41.680> off<00:43:41.839> to<00:43:42.000> the 00:43:42.069 --> 00:43:42.079 align:start position:0% and then take the results off to the 00:43:42.079 --> 00:43:43.589 align:start position:0% and then take the results off to the next<00:43:42.319> committee 00:43:43.589 --> 00:43:43.599 align:start position:0% next committee 00:43:43.599 --> 00:43:47.430 align:start position:0% next committee so<00:43:43.839> i<00:43:44.240> learned<00:43:46.079> i<00:43:46.240> guess<00:43:46.480> three<00:43:46.720> basic<00:43:47.119> things 00:43:47.430 --> 00:43:47.440 align:start position:0% so i learned i guess three basic things 00:43:47.440 --> 00:43:48.309 align:start position:0% so i learned i guess three basic things one<00:43:47.680> is 00:43:48.309 --> 00:43:48.319 align:start position:0% one is 00:43:48.319 --> 00:43:51.030 align:start position:0% one is is<00:43:49.200> how<00:43:49.359> to<00:43:49.520> write<00:43:49.760> a<00:43:49.839> grant<00:43:50.240> so<00:43:50.400> that<00:43:50.640> someone 00:43:51.030 --> 00:43:51.040 align:start position:0% is how to write a grant so that someone 00:43:51.040 --> 00:43:52.710 align:start position:0% is how to write a grant so that someone reading<00:43:51.359> it<00:43:51.520> gets<00:43:51.839> the 00:43:52.710 --> 00:43:52.720 align:start position:0% reading it gets the 00:43:52.720 --> 00:43:55.430 align:start position:0% reading it gets the impact<00:43:53.119> and<00:43:53.280> sense<00:43:53.599> of<00:43:53.760> it<00:43:53.920> in<00:43:54.000> the<00:43:54.079> first<00:43:54.319> page 00:43:55.430 --> 00:43:55.440 align:start position:0% impact and sense of it in the first page 00:43:55.440 --> 00:43:57.030 align:start position:0% impact and sense of it in the first page something<00:43:55.839> is<00:43:56.000> critical 00:43:57.030 --> 00:43:57.040 align:start position:0% something is critical 00:43:57.040 --> 00:43:59.270 align:start position:0% something is critical we<00:43:57.200> found<00:43:57.599> some<00:43:57.760> of<00:43:57.920> the<00:43:58.480> people<00:43:58.720> who<00:43:58.800> had<00:43:59.040> very 00:43:59.270 --> 00:43:59.280 align:start position:0% we found some of the people who had very 00:43:59.280 --> 00:44:00.230 align:start position:0% we found some of the people who had very deep<00:43:59.839> and 00:44:00.230 --> 00:44:00.240 align:start position:0% deep and 00:44:00.240 --> 00:44:03.270 align:start position:0% deep and narrow<00:44:00.800> fields<00:44:01.680> tended<00:44:02.000> to<00:44:02.480> carry<00:44:02.800> on 00:44:03.270 --> 00:44:03.280 align:start position:0% narrow fields tended to carry on 00:44:03.280 --> 00:44:06.069 align:start position:0% narrow fields tended to carry on about<00:44:03.760> some<00:44:04.000> theoretical<00:44:04.720> issue<00:44:05.040> that<00:44:05.839> very 00:44:06.069 --> 00:44:06.079 align:start position:0% about some theoretical issue that very 00:44:06.079 --> 00:44:07.589 align:start position:0% about some theoretical issue that very few<00:44:06.319> people<00:44:06.560> were<00:44:06.720> interested 00:44:07.589 --> 00:44:07.599 align:start position:0% few people were interested 00:44:07.599 --> 00:44:09.750 align:start position:0% few people were interested in<00:44:08.079> and<00:44:08.319> you'd<00:44:08.560> get<00:44:08.720> through<00:44:08.960> 20<00:44:09.200> pages<00:44:09.680> and 00:44:09.750 --> 00:44:09.760 align:start position:0% in and you'd get through 20 pages and 00:44:09.760 --> 00:44:11.190 align:start position:0% in and you'd get through 20 pages and you<00:44:09.839> come<00:44:10.079> out<00:44:10.160> of<00:44:10.240> that<00:44:10.400> saying 00:44:11.190 --> 00:44:11.200 align:start position:0% you come out of that saying 00:44:11.200 --> 00:44:12.390 align:start position:0% you come out of that saying sounded<00:44:11.599> right<00:44:11.760> but<00:44:11.920> i<00:44:12.000> still<00:44:12.160> don't 00:44:12.390 --> 00:44:12.400 align:start position:0% sounded right but i still don't 00:44:12.400 --> 00:44:14.790 align:start position:0% sounded right but i still don't understand<00:44:13.599> the<00:44:13.760> way<00:44:13.920> it<00:44:14.079> fits 00:44:14.790 --> 00:44:14.800 align:start position:0% understand the way it fits 00:44:14.800 --> 00:44:17.430 align:start position:0% understand the way it fits so<00:44:15.119> i<00:44:15.280> got<00:44:15.760> that<00:44:16.000> idea<00:44:16.319> that<00:44:16.480> when<00:44:16.720> i<00:44:16.880> read<00:44:17.119> many 00:44:17.430 --> 00:44:17.440 align:start position:0% so i got that idea that when i read many 00:44:17.440 --> 00:44:19.270 align:start position:0% so i got that idea that when i read many applications<00:44:18.000> and<00:44:18.160> people<00:44:18.480> make<00:44:18.720> good<00:44:18.960> points 00:44:19.270 --> 00:44:19.280 align:start position:0% applications and people make good points 00:44:19.280 --> 00:44:20.790 align:start position:0% applications and people make good points in<00:44:19.359> the<00:44:19.440> first<00:44:19.680> couple<00:44:19.920> pages<00:44:20.319> i<00:44:20.400> was<00:44:20.560> much 00:44:20.790 --> 00:44:20.800 align:start position:0% in the first couple pages i was much 00:44:20.800 --> 00:44:22.950 align:start position:0% in the first couple pages i was much more<00:44:21.040> positively<00:44:21.920> disposed<00:44:22.560> to 00:44:22.950 --> 00:44:22.960 align:start position:0% more positively disposed to 00:44:22.960 --> 00:44:24.470 align:start position:0% more positively disposed to reading<00:44:23.280> the<00:44:23.359> rest<00:44:23.520> of<00:44:23.599> the<00:44:23.680> detail<00:44:24.079> and<00:44:24.160> fully 00:44:24.470 --> 00:44:24.480 align:start position:0% reading the rest of the detail and fully 00:44:24.480 --> 00:44:27.190 align:start position:0% reading the rest of the detail and fully understanding<00:44:25.680> the<00:44:25.839> second<00:44:26.240> was<00:44:26.560> i<00:44:26.800> really 00:44:27.190 --> 00:44:27.200 align:start position:0% understanding the second was i really 00:44:27.200 --> 00:44:28.870 align:start position:0% understanding the second was i really enjoyed<00:44:27.760> working<00:44:28.079> with<00:44:28.319> those<00:44:28.560> people 00:44:28.870 --> 00:44:28.880 align:start position:0% enjoyed working with those people 00:44:28.880 --> 00:44:30.550 align:start position:0% enjoyed working with those people because<00:44:29.119> they<00:44:29.280> were<00:44:29.440> all<00:44:29.839> top<00:44:30.160> people<00:44:30.400> in 00:44:30.550 --> 00:44:30.560 align:start position:0% because they were all top people in 00:44:30.560 --> 00:44:33.109 align:start position:0% because they were all top people in their<00:44:30.720> own<00:44:30.880> field<00:44:31.280> and<00:44:31.440> you<00:44:31.520> got<00:44:31.839> to<00:44:32.079> know 00:44:33.109 --> 00:44:33.119 align:start position:0% their own field and you got to know 00:44:33.119 --> 00:44:34.790 align:start position:0% their own field and you got to know i<00:44:33.280> guess<00:44:33.440> their<00:44:33.599> mental<00:44:33.920> processes<00:44:34.480> how<00:44:34.640> they 00:44:34.790 --> 00:44:34.800 align:start position:0% i guess their mental processes how they 00:44:34.800 --> 00:44:36.390 align:start position:0% i guess their mental processes how they thought<00:44:35.040> about<00:44:35.359> things<00:44:35.599> how<00:44:35.760> they<00:44:36.000> approached 00:44:36.390 --> 00:44:36.400 align:start position:0% thought about things how they approached 00:44:36.400 --> 00:44:37.750 align:start position:0% thought about things how they approached things<00:44:36.640> that<00:44:36.800> was<00:44:36.960> very 00:44:37.750 --> 00:44:37.760 align:start position:0% things that was very 00:44:37.760 --> 00:44:39.270 align:start position:0% things that was very and<00:44:37.920> the<00:44:38.000> third<00:44:38.240> thing<00:44:38.400> was<00:44:38.640> i<00:44:38.720> got<00:44:38.960> to<00:44:39.040> know<00:44:39.200> a 00:44:39.270 --> 00:44:39.280 align:start position:0% and the third thing was i got to know a 00:44:39.280 --> 00:44:41.030 align:start position:0% and the third thing was i got to know a lot<00:44:39.440> about<00:44:39.680> the<00:44:39.760> research<00:44:40.160> community<00:44:40.720> because 00:44:41.030 --> 00:44:41.040 align:start position:0% lot about the research community because 00:44:41.040 --> 00:44:43.190 align:start position:0% lot about the research community because in<00:44:41.200> addition<00:44:41.520> to<00:44:41.760> seeing<00:44:42.079> the<00:44:42.319> proposals<00:44:42.960> we 00:44:43.190 --> 00:44:43.200 align:start position:0% in addition to seeing the proposals we 00:44:43.200 --> 00:44:44.790 align:start position:0% in addition to seeing the proposals we also<00:44:43.520> did<00:44:43.760> site<00:44:44.000> visits 00:44:44.790 --> 00:44:44.800 align:start position:0% also did site visits 00:44:44.800 --> 00:44:46.230 align:start position:0% also did site visits to<00:44:44.960> talk<00:44:45.200> to<00:44:45.359> people<00:44:45.680> saying<00:44:45.920> how's<00:44:46.160> your 00:44:46.230 --> 00:44:46.240 align:start position:0% to talk to people saying how's your 00:44:46.240 --> 00:44:47.910 align:start position:0% to talk to people saying how's your project<00:44:46.640> going<00:44:46.960> are<00:44:47.119> there<00:44:47.280> any 00:44:47.910 --> 00:44:47.920 align:start position:0% project going are there any 00:44:47.920 --> 00:44:50.710 align:start position:0% project going are there any bottlenecks<00:44:49.359> have<00:44:49.599> you<00:44:50.000> write<00:44:50.400> the<00:44:50.560> right 00:44:50.710 --> 00:44:50.720 align:start position:0% bottlenecks have you write the right 00:44:50.720 --> 00:44:53.510 align:start position:0% bottlenecks have you write the right sort<00:44:50.960> of<00:44:51.040> facilities<00:44:51.760> to<00:44:51.920> do<00:44:52.160> this<00:44:52.400> work 00:44:53.510 --> 00:44:53.520 align:start position:0% sort of facilities to do this work 00:44:53.520 --> 00:44:54.950 align:start position:0% sort of facilities to do this work i<00:44:53.680> found<00:44:53.839> that<00:44:54.000> useful<00:44:54.319> because<00:44:54.480> you<00:44:54.640> had<00:44:54.800> a 00:44:54.950 --> 00:44:54.960 align:start position:0% i found that useful because you had a 00:44:54.960 --> 00:44:56.630 align:start position:0% i found that useful because you had a feel<00:44:55.200> for<00:44:55.359> what<00:44:55.920> other<00:44:56.160> people<00:44:56.400> in<00:44:56.560> the 00:44:56.630 --> 00:44:56.640 align:start position:0% feel for what other people in the 00:44:56.640 --> 00:44:57.750 align:start position:0% feel for what other people in the country<00:44:57.040> doing 00:44:57.750 --> 00:44:57.760 align:start position:0% country doing 00:44:57.760 --> 00:45:00.470 align:start position:0% country doing were<00:44:57.920> your<00:44:58.160> own<00:44:58.319> research<00:44:58.800> fitted<00:44:59.280> and<00:44:59.599> how 00:45:00.470 --> 00:45:00.480 align:start position:0% were your own research fitted and how 00:45:00.480 --> 00:45:02.870 align:start position:0% were your own research fitted and how essentially<00:45:01.040> to<00:45:01.359> to 00:45:02.870 --> 00:45:02.880 align:start position:0% essentially to to 00:45:02.880 --> 00:45:06.150 align:start position:0% essentially to to tap<00:45:03.440> the<00:45:03.920> source<00:45:04.800> so<00:45:05.200> during<00:45:05.599> the<00:45:05.680> time<00:45:05.920> you're 00:45:06.150 --> 00:45:06.160 align:start position:0% tap the source so during the time you're 00:45:06.160 --> 00:45:07.510 align:start position:0% tap the source so during the time you're on<00:45:06.240> the<00:45:06.400> committee<00:45:06.720> of<00:45:06.720> course<00:45:06.960> it's<00:45:07.119> tricky 00:45:07.510 --> 00:45:07.520 align:start position:0% on the committee of course it's tricky 00:45:07.520 --> 00:45:08.150 align:start position:0% on the committee of course it's tricky because 00:45:08.150 --> 00:45:08.160 align:start position:0% because 00:45:08.160 --> 00:45:11.270 align:start position:0% because your<00:45:08.960> uh<00:45:09.440> projects<00:45:09.920> have<00:45:10.079> to<00:45:10.480> your<00:45:10.720> proposals 00:45:11.270 --> 00:45:11.280 align:start position:0% your uh projects have to your proposals 00:45:11.280 --> 00:45:11.990 align:start position:0% your uh projects have to your proposals have<00:45:11.359> to<00:45:11.440> be<00:45:11.599> sent 00:45:11.990 --> 00:45:12.000 align:start position:0% have to be sent 00:45:12.000 --> 00:45:13.510 align:start position:0% have to be sent to<00:45:12.160> another<00:45:12.480> committee<00:45:12.880> you<00:45:13.040> probably<00:45:13.280> don't 00:45:13.510 --> 00:45:13.520 align:start position:0% to another committee you probably don't 00:45:13.520 --> 00:45:15.589 align:start position:0% to another committee you probably don't understand<00:45:13.920> what's<00:45:14.079> happening<00:45:14.720> to<00:45:14.880> avoid 00:45:15.589 --> 00:45:15.599 align:start position:0% understand what's happening to avoid 00:45:15.599 --> 00:45:19.349 align:start position:0% understand what's happening to avoid that<00:45:15.839> kind<00:45:16.079> of<00:45:16.880> in-house 00:45:19.349 --> 00:45:19.359 align:start position:0% that kind of in-house 00:45:19.359 --> 00:45:21.990 align:start position:0% that kind of in-house inside<00:45:19.760> knowledge<00:45:20.319> aspect<00:45:20.800> so<00:45:21.680> that<00:45:21.839> was<00:45:22.000> a 00:45:21.990 --> 00:45:22.000 align:start position:0% inside knowledge aspect so that was a 00:45:22.000 --> 00:45:24.790 align:start position:0% inside knowledge aspect so that was a bit<00:45:22.160> tricky<00:45:22.560> but 00:45:24.790 --> 00:45:24.800 align:start position:0% bit tricky but 00:45:24.800 --> 00:45:28.790 align:start position:0% bit tricky but fortunately<00:45:27.359> through<00:45:27.599> that<00:45:27.839> process<00:45:28.319> the 00:45:28.790 --> 00:45:28.800 align:start position:0% fortunately through that process the 00:45:28.800 --> 00:45:31.190 align:start position:0% fortunately through that process the projects<00:45:29.119> didn't<00:45:29.359> get<00:45:29.599> lost<00:45:30.240> in<00:45:30.560> the<00:45:30.720> system 00:45:31.190 --> 00:45:31.200 align:start position:0% projects didn't get lost in the system 00:45:31.200 --> 00:45:32.230 align:start position:0% projects didn't get lost in the system and 00:45:32.230 --> 00:45:32.240 align:start position:0% and 00:45:32.240 --> 00:45:35.430 align:start position:0% and in<00:45:32.920> 1996<00:45:34.000> i<00:45:34.160> think 00:45:35.430 --> 00:45:35.440 align:start position:0% in 1996 i think 00:45:35.440 --> 00:45:40.550 align:start position:0% in 1996 i think uh<00:45:35.839> after<00:45:36.240> i'd<00:45:36.400> been 00:45:40.550 --> 00:45:40.560 align:start position:0% 00:45:40.560 --> 00:45:42.870 align:start position:0% yeah<00:45:40.800> so<00:45:41.040> i<00:45:41.119> think<00:45:41.280> i<00:45:41.440> must<00:45:41.680> have<00:45:41.839> started<00:45:42.240> in 00:45:42.870 --> 00:45:42.880 align:start position:0% yeah so i think i must have started in 00:45:42.880 --> 00:45:45.109 align:start position:0% yeah so i think i must have started in the<00:45:42.960> ask<00:45:43.280> giving<00:45:43.680> paid<00:45:43.920> perhaps 00:45:45.109 --> 00:45:45.119 align:start position:0% the ask giving paid perhaps 00:45:45.119 --> 00:45:47.750 align:start position:0% the ask giving paid perhaps four<00:45:45.359> nine<00:45:45.680> five<00:45:45.920> and<00:45:46.240> six<00:45:46.560> or<00:45:47.359> a<00:45:47.440> little<00:45:47.599> bit 00:45:47.750 --> 00:45:47.760 align:start position:0% four nine five and six or a little bit 00:45:47.760 --> 00:45:49.270 align:start position:0% four nine five and six or a little bit around<00:45:48.079> about<00:45:48.319> 96 00:45:49.270 --> 00:45:49.280 align:start position:0% around about 96 00:45:49.280 --> 00:45:51.030 align:start position:0% around about 96 i<00:45:49.440> was<00:45:49.680> given<00:45:49.920> a<00:45:50.079> special<00:45:50.400> grunt<00:45:50.720> which<00:45:50.880> is 00:45:51.030 --> 00:45:51.040 align:start position:0% i was given a special grunt which is 00:45:51.040 --> 00:45:52.550 align:start position:0% i was given a special grunt which is terrific<00:45:51.440> so<00:45:51.599> what<00:45:51.839> had<00:45:51.920> happened<00:45:52.240> is<00:45:52.319> i'd 00:45:52.550 --> 00:45:52.560 align:start position:0% terrific so what had happened is i'd 00:45:52.560 --> 00:45:54.150 align:start position:0% terrific so what had happened is i'd written<00:45:52.800> a<00:45:52.960> project 00:45:54.150 --> 00:45:54.160 align:start position:0% written a project 00:45:54.160 --> 00:45:57.270 align:start position:0% written a project the<00:45:54.400> project<00:45:54.720> was<00:45:54.960> regarded<00:45:55.440> as<00:45:55.680> good<00:45:56.800> and<00:45:57.040> so 00:45:57.270 --> 00:45:57.280 align:start position:0% the project was regarded as good and so 00:45:57.280 --> 00:45:58.069 align:start position:0% the project was regarded as good and so good<00:45:57.440> that<00:45:57.599> they<00:45:57.760> said 00:45:58.069 --> 00:45:58.079 align:start position:0% good that they said 00:45:58.079 --> 00:45:59.349 align:start position:0% good that they said here's<00:45:58.319> some<00:45:58.400> money<00:45:58.640> but<00:45:58.880> you<00:45:58.960> don't<00:45:59.200> have<00:45:59.280> to 00:45:59.349 --> 00:45:59.359 align:start position:0% here's some money but you don't have to 00:45:59.359 --> 00:46:01.349 align:start position:0% here's some money but you don't have to do<00:45:59.520> that<00:45:59.680> project<00:46:00.640> which<00:46:00.880> is<00:46:01.040> great 00:46:01.349 --> 00:46:01.359 align:start position:0% do that project which is great 00:46:01.359 --> 00:46:03.030 align:start position:0% do that project which is great because<00:46:02.079> you're<00:46:02.240> saying<00:46:02.480> hey<00:46:02.800> that's 00:46:03.030 --> 00:46:03.040 align:start position:0% because you're saying hey that's 00:46:03.040 --> 00:46:04.390 align:start position:0% because you're saying hey that's impressive<00:46:03.520> here's<00:46:03.680> some<00:46:03.839> money<00:46:04.079> do<00:46:04.240> whatever 00:46:04.390 --> 00:46:04.400 align:start position:0% impressive here's some money do whatever 00:46:04.400 --> 00:46:05.430 align:start position:0% impressive here's some money do whatever you<00:46:04.480> like<00:46:04.720> and<00:46:04.800> i<00:46:04.880> thought<00:46:05.040> well<00:46:05.200> i'm<00:46:05.359> not 00:46:05.430 --> 00:46:05.440 align:start position:0% you like and i thought well i'm not 00:46:05.440 --> 00:46:06.710 align:start position:0% you like and i thought well i'm not going<00:46:05.520> to<00:46:05.599> work<00:46:05.760> on<00:46:05.839> that<00:46:06.000> project 00:46:06.710 --> 00:46:06.720 align:start position:0% going to work on that project 00:46:06.720 --> 00:46:08.710 align:start position:0% going to work on that project i'll<00:46:06.960> keep<00:46:07.200> that<00:46:07.359> one<00:46:07.920> that's<00:46:08.160> a<00:46:08.240> good<00:46:08.400> one 00:46:08.710 --> 00:46:08.720 align:start position:0% i'll keep that one that's a good one 00:46:08.720 --> 00:46:10.309 align:start position:0% i'll keep that one that's a good one maybe<00:46:08.960> i<00:46:09.040> can<00:46:09.200> use<00:46:09.359> it<00:46:09.440> again 00:46:10.309 --> 00:46:10.319 align:start position:0% maybe i can use it again 00:46:10.319 --> 00:46:13.349 align:start position:0% maybe i can use it again and<00:46:11.119> i<00:46:11.520> use<00:46:11.760> the<00:46:11.920> funding<00:46:12.400> for<00:46:13.119> buying 00:46:13.349 --> 00:46:13.359 align:start position:0% and i use the funding for buying 00:46:13.359 --> 00:46:14.790 align:start position:0% and i use the funding for buying equipment<00:46:13.839> basically<00:46:14.319> because<00:46:14.480> i<00:46:14.560> thought 00:46:14.790 --> 00:46:14.800 align:start position:0% equipment basically because i thought 00:46:14.800 --> 00:46:16.790 align:start position:0% equipment basically because i thought i'll<00:46:14.880> never<00:46:15.040> have<00:46:15.280> this<00:46:15.440> opportunity<00:46:15.920> again 00:46:16.790 --> 00:46:16.800 align:start position:0% i'll never have this opportunity again 00:46:16.800 --> 00:46:18.790 align:start position:0% i'll never have this opportunity again so<00:46:17.040> i<00:46:17.119> had<00:46:17.280> that<00:46:17.520> flexibility<00:46:18.319> for<00:46:18.560> three 00:46:18.790 --> 00:46:18.800 align:start position:0% so i had that flexibility for three 00:46:18.800 --> 00:46:19.829 align:start position:0% so i had that flexibility for three years 00:46:19.829 --> 00:46:19.839 align:start position:0% years 00:46:19.839 --> 00:46:23.109 align:start position:0% years i<00:46:19.920> think<00:46:20.160> it<00:46:20.240> was<00:46:20.400> 96<00:46:20.880> 97<00:46:21.520> 98 00:46:23.109 --> 00:46:23.119 align:start position:0% i think it was 96 97 98 00:46:23.119 --> 00:46:26.470 align:start position:0% i think it was 96 97 98 again<00:46:23.520> the<00:46:23.599> dates<00:46:24.000> are<00:46:24.079> not<00:46:25.520> clear<00:46:26.000> so<00:46:26.160> i<00:46:26.240> had 00:46:26.470 --> 00:46:26.480 align:start position:0% again the dates are not clear so i had 00:46:26.480 --> 00:46:27.990 align:start position:0% again the dates are not clear so i had three<00:46:26.640> years<00:46:26.880> in<00:46:26.960> which<00:46:27.280> i<00:46:27.440> had<00:46:27.599> complete 00:46:27.990 --> 00:46:28.000 align:start position:0% three years in which i had complete 00:46:28.000 --> 00:46:30.710 align:start position:0% three years in which i had complete freedom<00:46:28.480> over<00:46:29.119> not<00:46:29.359> a<00:46:29.440> huge<00:46:29.760> sum<00:46:29.920> of<00:46:30.079> money<00:46:30.400> but 00:46:30.710 --> 00:46:30.720 align:start position:0% freedom over not a huge sum of money but 00:46:30.720 --> 00:46:31.910 align:start position:0% freedom over not a huge sum of money but probably<00:46:31.200> about 00:46:31.910 --> 00:46:31.920 align:start position:0% probably about 00:46:31.920 --> 00:46:34.309 align:start position:0% probably about quarter<00:46:32.319> million<00:46:32.560> dollars<00:46:33.119> buying<00:46:33.520> things<00:46:34.160> so 00:46:34.309 --> 00:46:34.319 align:start position:0% quarter million dollars buying things so 00:46:34.319 --> 00:46:35.910 align:start position:0% quarter million dollars buying things so i<00:46:34.480> tried<00:46:34.640> to<00:46:34.720> say<00:46:34.880> look<00:46:35.119> let<00:46:35.280> me<00:46:35.440> buy<00:46:35.760> things 00:46:35.910 --> 00:46:35.920 align:start position:0% i tried to say look let me buy things 00:46:35.920 --> 00:46:37.670 align:start position:0% i tried to say look let me buy things that<00:46:36.079> are<00:46:36.160> going<00:46:36.319> to<00:46:36.400> be<00:46:36.480> good<00:46:36.640> for<00:46:36.800> 10<00:46:37.040> years<00:46:37.359> i 00:46:37.670 --> 00:46:37.680 align:start position:0% that are going to be good for 10 years i 00:46:37.680 --> 00:46:37.990 align:start position:0% that are going to be good for 10 years i got 00:46:37.990 --> 00:46:38.000 align:start position:0% got 00:46:38.000 --> 00:46:39.349 align:start position:0% got lots<00:46:38.240> of<00:46:38.400> piece<00:46:38.560> of<00:46:38.640> equipment<00:46:38.960> that<00:46:39.119> i<00:46:39.200> use 00:46:39.349 --> 00:46:39.359 align:start position:0% lots of piece of equipment that i use 00:46:39.359 --> 00:46:41.750 align:start position:0% lots of piece of equipment that i use for<00:46:39.520> 10<00:46:39.680> or<00:46:39.839> 15<00:46:40.160> years<00:46:40.960> what<00:46:41.119> kind<00:46:41.359> of<00:46:41.520> things 00:46:41.750 --> 00:46:41.760 align:start position:0% for 10 or 15 years what kind of things 00:46:41.760 --> 00:46:43.190 align:start position:0% for 10 or 15 years what kind of things did<00:46:41.839> you<00:46:42.000> get 00:46:43.190 --> 00:46:43.200 align:start position:0% did you get 00:46:43.200 --> 00:46:47.510 align:start position:0% did you get robotic<00:46:43.680> manipulators<00:46:44.560> vehicles 00:46:47.510 --> 00:46:47.520 align:start position:0% 00:46:47.520 --> 00:46:50.230 align:start position:0% different<00:46:47.839> sensors<00:46:49.280> range<00:46:49.680> sensors<00:46:50.079> of 00:46:50.230 --> 00:46:50.240 align:start position:0% different sensors range sensors of 00:46:50.240 --> 00:46:51.670 align:start position:0% different sensors range sensors of various<00:46:50.640> kinds<00:46:51.040> and<00:46:51.200> so<00:46:51.359> on 00:46:51.670 --> 00:46:51.680 align:start position:0% various kinds and so on 00:46:51.680 --> 00:46:54.870 align:start position:0% various kinds and so on so<00:46:51.920> i<00:46:52.079> got<00:46:52.319> myself<00:46:53.440> kitted<00:46:53.839> up<00:46:54.079> essentially 00:46:54.870 --> 00:46:54.880 align:start position:0% so i got myself kitted up essentially 00:46:54.880 --> 00:46:56.390 align:start position:0% so i got myself kitted up essentially and<00:46:55.119> was<00:46:55.280> able<00:46:55.440> to<00:46:55.599> then<00:46:55.760> do<00:46:56.000> a<00:46:56.000> lot<00:46:56.160> of 00:46:56.390 --> 00:46:56.400 align:start position:0% and was able to then do a lot of 00:46:56.400 --> 00:46:58.630 align:start position:0% and was able to then do a lot of experiment<00:46:56.960> work<00:46:57.200> from<00:46:57.359> their<00:46:57.599> own<00:46:57.839> so 00:46:58.630 --> 00:46:58.640 align:start position:0% experiment work from their own so 00:46:58.640 --> 00:47:00.470 align:start position:0% experiment work from their own so so<00:46:58.800> that<00:46:59.040> was<00:46:59.280> extremely<00:46:59.839> valuable<00:47:00.240> to<00:47:00.319> have 00:47:00.470 --> 00:47:00.480 align:start position:0% so that was extremely valuable to have 00:47:00.480 --> 00:47:04.630 align:start position:0% so that was extremely valuable to have that<00:47:00.640> freedom 00:47:04.630 --> 00:47:04.640 align:start position:0% 00:47:04.640 --> 00:47:06.630 align:start position:0% i<00:47:04.800> was<00:47:05.040> curious<00:47:05.440> you<00:47:05.599> mentioned<00:47:05.920> that<00:47:06.079> you<00:47:06.240> got 00:47:06.630 --> 00:47:06.640 align:start position:0% i was curious you mentioned that you got 00:47:06.640 --> 00:47:08.870 align:start position:0% i was curious you mentioned that you got to<00:47:06.800> see<00:47:07.040> the<00:47:07.200> lay<00:47:07.440> of<00:47:07.520> the<00:47:07.599> land<00:47:08.000> of 00:47:08.870 --> 00:47:08.880 align:start position:0% to see the lay of the land of 00:47:08.880 --> 00:47:10.630 align:start position:0% to see the lay of the land of what<00:47:09.040> was<00:47:09.280> going<00:47:09.520> on<00:47:09.680> in<00:47:09.839> australian<00:47:10.319> research 00:47:10.630 --> 00:47:10.640 align:start position:0% what was going on in australian research 00:47:10.640 --> 00:47:12.150 align:start position:0% what was going on in australian research what<00:47:10.800> were<00:47:10.960> some<00:47:11.119> of<00:47:11.280> the<00:47:11.440> topics<00:47:11.839> and<00:47:12.000> things 00:47:12.150 --> 00:47:12.160 align:start position:0% what were some of the topics and things 00:47:12.160 --> 00:47:12.950 align:start position:0% what were some of the topics and things that<00:47:12.319> people<00:47:12.560> were 00:47:12.950 --> 00:47:12.960 align:start position:0% that people were 00:47:12.960 --> 00:47:16.470 align:start position:0% that people were very<00:47:13.200> interested<00:47:13.599> in<00:47:13.760> oh<00:47:14.000> okay<00:47:14.480> um 00:47:16.470 --> 00:47:16.480 align:start position:0% very interested in oh okay um 00:47:16.480 --> 00:47:18.630 align:start position:0% very interested in oh okay um because<00:47:17.200> the<00:47:17.359> particular<00:47:17.839> committee<00:47:18.240> i<00:47:18.400> was 00:47:18.630 --> 00:47:18.640 align:start position:0% because the particular committee i was 00:47:18.640 --> 00:47:20.069 align:start position:0% because the particular committee i was on<00:47:19.040> was<00:47:19.280> looking<00:47:19.599> at 00:47:20.069 --> 00:47:20.079 align:start position:0% on was looking at 00:47:20.079 --> 00:47:23.349 align:start position:0% on was looking at computer<00:47:20.559> science<00:47:21.839> uh<00:47:22.480> various 00:47:23.349 --> 00:47:23.359 align:start position:0% computer science uh various 00:47:23.359 --> 00:47:25.990 align:start position:0% computer science uh various parts<00:47:23.680> of<00:47:23.920> engineering<00:47:25.200> as<00:47:25.359> well<00:47:25.599> as<00:47:25.760> some<00:47:25.920> of 00:47:25.990 --> 00:47:26.000 align:start position:0% parts of engineering as well as some of 00:47:26.000 --> 00:47:27.829 align:start position:0% parts of engineering as well as some of the<00:47:26.160> physical<00:47:26.640> sciences 00:47:27.829 --> 00:47:27.839 align:start position:0% the physical sciences 00:47:27.839 --> 00:47:30.150 align:start position:0% the physical sciences you've<00:47:28.000> got<00:47:28.160> a<00:47:28.319> quite<00:47:28.640> a<00:47:28.880> wide<00:47:29.200> variety<00:47:29.760> so 00:47:30.150 --> 00:47:30.160 align:start position:0% you've got a quite a wide variety so 00:47:30.160 --> 00:47:32.390 align:start position:0% you've got a quite a wide variety so some<00:47:30.400> things<00:47:30.640> i<00:47:30.800> remember<00:47:31.280> was<00:47:31.520> a<00:47:31.680> very<00:47:31.920> strong 00:47:32.390 --> 00:47:32.400 align:start position:0% some things i remember was a very strong 00:47:32.400 --> 00:47:33.349 align:start position:0% some things i remember was a very strong interest<00:47:32.800> in 00:47:33.349 --> 00:47:33.359 align:start position:0% interest in 00:47:33.359 --> 00:47:35.270 align:start position:0% interest in one<00:47:33.680> universities<00:47:34.400> in<00:47:34.559> solar<00:47:34.960> cell 00:47:35.270 --> 00:47:35.280 align:start position:0% one universities in solar cell 00:47:35.280 --> 00:47:36.390 align:start position:0% one universities in solar cell manufacturing<00:47:36.000> very 00:47:36.390 --> 00:47:36.400 align:start position:0% manufacturing very 00:47:36.400 --> 00:47:39.750 align:start position:0% manufacturing very early<00:47:36.800> work<00:47:37.040> on<00:47:37.200> silicon<00:47:37.599> cells<00:47:38.400> and<00:47:39.200> they<00:47:39.440> had 00:47:39.750 --> 00:47:39.760 align:start position:0% early work on silicon cells and they had 00:47:39.760 --> 00:47:41.670 align:start position:0% early work on silicon cells and they had pretty<00:47:40.000> well<00:47:40.240> the<00:47:40.640> most<00:47:40.880> efficient<00:47:41.280> cells<00:47:41.599> in 00:47:41.670 --> 00:47:41.680 align:start position:0% pretty well the most efficient cells in 00:47:41.680 --> 00:47:42.950 align:start position:0% pretty well the most efficient cells in the<00:47:41.760> world<00:47:42.000> for<00:47:42.160> a<00:47:42.240> while 00:47:42.950 --> 00:47:42.960 align:start position:0% the world for a while 00:47:42.960 --> 00:47:45.430 align:start position:0% the world for a while and<00:47:43.119> i<00:47:43.280> remember<00:47:43.839> feeling<00:47:44.480> isn't<00:47:44.720> it<00:47:44.880> too<00:47:45.040> bad 00:47:45.430 --> 00:47:45.440 align:start position:0% and i remember feeling isn't it too bad 00:47:45.440 --> 00:47:46.870 align:start position:0% and i remember feeling isn't it too bad that<00:47:45.920> the<00:47:46.079> government<00:47:46.480> isn't 00:47:46.870 --> 00:47:46.880 align:start position:0% that the government isn't 00:47:46.880 --> 00:47:48.630 align:start position:0% that the government isn't exploiting<00:47:47.440> this<00:47:47.599> they're<00:47:47.760> not<00:47:48.000> just<00:47:48.319> early 00:47:48.630 --> 00:47:48.640 align:start position:0% exploiting this they're not just early 00:47:48.640 --> 00:47:50.630 align:start position:0% exploiting this they're not just early stuff<00:47:49.280> and<00:47:49.520> in<00:47:49.599> fact<00:47:49.839> i<00:47:49.920> think<00:47:50.079> they<00:47:50.240> sold<00:47:50.480> it 00:47:50.630 --> 00:47:50.640 align:start position:0% stuff and in fact i think they sold it 00:47:50.640 --> 00:47:51.829 align:start position:0% stuff and in fact i think they sold it overseas<00:47:51.040> eventually 00:47:51.829 --> 00:47:51.839 align:start position:0% overseas eventually 00:47:51.839 --> 00:47:53.270 align:start position:0% overseas eventually that's<00:47:52.079> the<00:47:52.160> sort<00:47:52.319> of<00:47:52.400> thing<00:47:52.960> there<00:47:53.119> were 00:47:53.270 --> 00:47:53.280 align:start position:0% that's the sort of thing there were 00:47:53.280 --> 00:47:55.430 align:start position:0% that's the sort of thing there were other<00:47:53.599> people<00:47:54.000> doing<00:47:54.400> a<00:47:54.559> pure<00:47:54.960> artificial 00:47:55.430 --> 00:47:55.440 align:start position:0% other people doing a pure artificial 00:47:55.440 --> 00:47:56.790 align:start position:0% other people doing a pure artificial intelligence<00:47:56.000> you<00:47:56.079> know<00:47:56.240> this<00:47:56.480> sort<00:47:56.640> of 00:47:56.790 --> 00:47:56.800 align:start position:0% intelligence you know this sort of 00:47:56.800 --> 00:47:58.390 align:start position:0% intelligence you know this sort of reasoning<00:47:57.280> thing 00:47:58.390 --> 00:47:58.400 align:start position:0% reasoning thing 00:47:58.400 --> 00:48:01.670 align:start position:0% reasoning thing uh<00:47:59.280> i<00:47:59.440> don't<00:47:59.599> think<00:47:59.839> the<00:48:00.160> the<00:48:00.319> idea<00:48:00.640> of<00:48:01.359> bayes 00:48:01.670 --> 00:48:01.680 align:start position:0% uh i don't think the the idea of bayes 00:48:01.680 --> 00:48:03.190 align:start position:0% uh i don't think the the idea of bayes networks<00:48:02.160> was<00:48:02.319> there<00:48:02.559> but<00:48:02.800> certainly<00:48:03.119> there 00:48:03.190 --> 00:48:03.200 align:start position:0% networks was there but certainly there 00:48:03.200 --> 00:48:04.549 align:start position:0% networks was there but certainly there were<00:48:03.359> people<00:48:03.680> talking<00:48:04.079> about<00:48:04.319> more<00:48:04.559> discreet 00:48:04.549 --> 00:48:04.559 align:start position:0% were people talking about more discreet 00:48:04.559 --> 00:48:05.990 align:start position:0% were people talking about more discreet discrete 00:48:05.990 --> 00:48:06.000 align:start position:0% discrete 00:48:06.000 --> 00:48:07.910 align:start position:0% discrete maybe<00:48:06.400> extensions<00:48:07.119> of<00:48:07.200> the<00:48:07.359> sort<00:48:07.599> of<00:48:07.680> stuff 00:48:07.910 --> 00:48:07.920 align:start position:0% maybe extensions of the sort of stuff 00:48:07.920 --> 00:48:09.670 align:start position:0% maybe extensions of the sort of stuff you<00:48:08.079> saw<00:48:08.240> in<00:48:08.319> the<00:48:08.480> blocked<00:48:08.720> world<00:48:08.960> but<00:48:09.119> then 00:48:09.670 --> 00:48:09.680 align:start position:0% you saw in the blocked world but then 00:48:09.680 --> 00:48:11.990 align:start position:0% you saw in the blocked world but then lisp<00:48:10.000> was<00:48:10.240> the<00:48:10.400> big<00:48:10.800> language<00:48:11.200> at<00:48:11.359> the<00:48:11.520> time<00:48:11.760> so 00:48:11.990 --> 00:48:12.000 align:start position:0% lisp was the big language at the time so 00:48:12.000 --> 00:48:15.349 align:start position:0% lisp was the big language at the time so it was<00:48:12.160> all<00:48:12.319> about<00:48:12.559> reasoning<00:48:13.040> about 00:48:15.349 --> 00:48:15.359 align:start position:0% it was all about reasoning about 00:48:15.359 --> 00:48:17.430 align:start position:0% it was all about reasoning about spaces<00:48:15.839> that<00:48:16.079> might<00:48:16.240> have<00:48:16.400> been<00:48:17.040> involved 00:48:17.430 --> 00:48:17.440 align:start position:0% spaces that might have been involved 00:48:17.440 --> 00:48:19.589 align:start position:0% spaces that might have been involved with<00:48:17.680> making<00:48:18.000> decisions<00:48:18.559> in<00:48:18.720> industry<00:48:19.280> or 00:48:19.589 --> 00:48:19.599 align:start position:0% with making decisions in industry or 00:48:19.599 --> 00:48:20.950 align:start position:0% with making decisions in industry or selecting 00:48:20.950 --> 00:48:20.960 align:start position:0% selecting 00:48:20.960 --> 00:48:23.510 align:start position:0% selecting diagnostic<00:48:21.680> stuff<00:48:22.000> of<00:48:22.160> drugs<00:48:22.480> and<00:48:22.640> the<00:48:22.720> like 00:48:23.510 --> 00:48:23.520 align:start position:0% diagnostic stuff of drugs and the like 00:48:23.520 --> 00:48:25.109 align:start position:0% diagnostic stuff of drugs and the like remember<00:48:24.000> that<00:48:24.240> aspect 00:48:25.109 --> 00:48:25.119 align:start position:0% remember that aspect 00:48:25.119 --> 00:48:30.309 align:start position:0% remember that aspect there<00:48:25.359> are<00:48:25.440> also<00:48:26.400> people<00:48:26.880> working<00:48:27.440> on 00:48:30.309 --> 00:48:30.319 align:start position:0% 00:48:30.319 --> 00:48:34.309 align:start position:0% microscale<00:48:31.440> i<00:48:31.599> suppose<00:48:32.839> vlsi 00:48:34.309 --> 00:48:34.319 align:start position:0% microscale i suppose vlsi 00:48:34.319 --> 00:48:36.069 align:start position:0% microscale i suppose vlsi circuitry<00:48:34.880> at<00:48:34.960> that<00:48:35.200> time<00:48:35.440> that<00:48:35.599> was<00:48:35.760> big 00:48:36.069 --> 00:48:36.079 align:start position:0% circuitry at that time that was big 00:48:36.079 --> 00:48:37.829 align:start position:0% circuitry at that time that was big everyone<00:48:36.400> was<00:48:36.640> walking<00:48:36.960> around 00:48:37.829 --> 00:48:37.839 align:start position:0% everyone was walking around 00:48:37.839 --> 00:48:39.589 align:start position:0% everyone was walking around had<00:48:38.160> been<00:48:38.400> already<00:48:38.720> walking<00:48:39.119> around<00:48:39.359> with<00:48:39.520> the 00:48:39.589 --> 00:48:39.599 align:start position:0% had been already walking around with the 00:48:39.599 --> 00:48:41.030 align:start position:0% had been already walking around with the textbook<00:48:40.240> carver 00:48:41.030 --> 00:48:41.040 align:start position:0% textbook carver 00:48:41.040 --> 00:48:43.910 align:start position:0% textbook carver carver<00:48:41.440> me<00:48:41.680> textbook<00:48:42.160> was<00:48:42.400> the<00:48:42.720> bible<00:48:43.280> for 00:48:43.910 --> 00:48:43.920 align:start position:0% carver me textbook was the bible for 00:48:43.920 --> 00:48:46.829 align:start position:0% carver me textbook was the bible for vlsi<00:48:44.480> designs<00:48:45.040> a<00:48:45.760> number<00:48:46.000> of<00:48:46.160> different 00:48:46.829 --> 00:48:46.839 align:start position:0% vlsi designs a number of different 00:48:46.839 --> 00:48:48.069 align:start position:0% vlsi designs a number of different projects 00:48:48.069 --> 00:48:48.079 align:start position:0% projects 00:48:48.079 --> 00:48:49.750 align:start position:0% projects building<00:48:48.480> up<00:48:48.559> in<00:48:48.720> australia<00:48:49.119> and<00:48:49.200> that<00:48:49.359> was 00:48:49.750 --> 00:48:49.760 align:start position:0% building up in australia and that was 00:48:49.760 --> 00:48:51.670 align:start position:0% building up in australia and that was expensive<00:48:50.319> exercise<00:48:50.880> because<00:48:51.200> unless<00:48:51.520> you 00:48:51.670 --> 00:48:51.680 align:start position:0% expensive exercise because unless you 00:48:51.680 --> 00:48:52.150 align:start position:0% expensive exercise because unless you were 00:48:52.150 --> 00:48:52.160 align:start position:0% were 00:48:52.160 --> 00:48:54.390 align:start position:0% were getting<00:48:52.480> your<00:48:53.440> chips<00:48:53.680> manufactured 00:48:54.390 --> 00:48:54.400 align:start position:0% getting your chips manufactured 00:48:54.400 --> 00:48:55.829 align:start position:0% getting your chips manufactured somewhere<00:48:54.800> else<00:48:54.960> you<00:48:55.040> had<00:48:55.200> to<00:48:55.280> have<00:48:55.359> clean 00:48:55.829 --> 00:48:55.839 align:start position:0% somewhere else you had to have clean 00:48:55.839 --> 00:48:57.510 align:start position:0% somewhere else you had to have clean room<00:48:56.079> facilities<00:48:56.720> and<00:48:56.800> it<00:48:56.880> took<00:48:57.119> a<00:48:57.200> lot<00:48:57.359> of 00:48:57.510 --> 00:48:57.520 align:start position:0% room facilities and it took a lot of 00:48:57.520 --> 00:48:59.270 align:start position:0% room facilities and it took a lot of expense<00:48:57.839> i<00:48:57.920> remember<00:48:58.319> that<00:48:58.559> being<00:48:58.720> one<00:48:58.880> of<00:48:59.040> the 00:48:59.270 --> 00:48:59.280 align:start position:0% expense i remember that being one of the 00:48:59.280 --> 00:49:02.309 align:start position:0% expense i remember that being one of the things<00:48:59.520> i<00:48:59.680> was<00:49:00.000> quite<00:49:01.200> uh<00:49:01.520> impressed<00:49:01.920> with<00:49:02.160> at 00:49:02.309 --> 00:49:02.319 align:start position:0% things i was quite uh impressed with at 00:49:02.319 --> 00:49:04.309 align:start position:0% things i was quite uh impressed with at the<00:49:02.480> time 00:49:04.309 --> 00:49:04.319 align:start position:0% the time 00:49:04.319 --> 00:49:07.990 align:start position:0% the time and<00:49:04.880> i<00:49:05.040> suppose<00:49:05.359> there<00:49:05.520> are<00:49:05.680> also<00:49:06.319> uh 00:49:07.990 --> 00:49:08.000 align:start position:0% and i suppose there are also uh 00:49:08.000 --> 00:49:11.109 align:start position:0% and i suppose there are also uh let<00:49:08.160> me<00:49:08.319> think<00:49:09.520> yeah<00:49:09.760> i<00:49:09.920> i<00:49:10.160> guess<00:49:10.480> the<00:49:10.720> solar 00:49:11.109 --> 00:49:11.119 align:start position:0% let me think yeah i i guess the solar 00:49:11.119 --> 00:49:12.870 align:start position:0% let me think yeah i i guess the solar work<00:49:11.359> and<00:49:11.440> the<00:49:11.599> vlsi<00:49:12.240> work 00:49:12.870 --> 00:49:12.880 align:start position:0% work and the vlsi work 00:49:12.880 --> 00:49:14.549 align:start position:0% work and the vlsi work apart<00:49:13.200> from<00:49:13.440> robotics<00:49:14.000> are<00:49:14.079> the<00:49:14.160> ones<00:49:14.480> that 00:49:14.549 --> 00:49:14.559 align:start position:0% apart from robotics are the ones that 00:49:14.559 --> 00:49:16.230 align:start position:0% apart from robotics are the ones that really<00:49:14.880> impressed<00:49:15.200> me<00:49:15.359> there's<00:49:15.520> not<00:49:15.839> wasn't<00:49:16.160> a 00:49:16.230 --> 00:49:16.240 align:start position:0% really impressed me there's not wasn't a 00:49:16.240 --> 00:49:17.589 align:start position:0% really impressed me there's not wasn't a huge<00:49:16.400> amount<00:49:16.640> of<00:49:16.720> robotics<00:49:17.119> happening<00:49:17.440> in 00:49:17.589 --> 00:49:17.599 align:start position:0% huge amount of robotics happening in 00:49:17.599 --> 00:49:19.270 align:start position:0% huge amount of robotics happening in australia<00:49:18.000> in<00:49:18.079> those<00:49:18.319> days 00:49:19.270 --> 00:49:19.280 align:start position:0% australia in those days 00:49:19.280 --> 00:49:20.870 align:start position:0% australia in those days what<00:49:19.520> kind<00:49:19.760> of<00:49:19.839> things<00:49:20.079> were<00:49:20.319> people<00:49:20.559> doing<00:49:20.800> in 00:49:20.870 --> 00:49:20.880 align:start position:0% what kind of things were people doing in 00:49:20.880 --> 00:49:22.630 align:start position:0% what kind of things were people doing in robotics 00:49:22.630 --> 00:49:22.640 align:start position:0% robotics 00:49:22.640 --> 00:49:25.910 align:start position:0% robotics um<00:49:23.680> the<00:49:23.839> best<00:49:24.160> known<00:49:24.880> research<00:49:25.359> project<00:49:25.760> in 00:49:25.910 --> 00:49:25.920 align:start position:0% um the best known research project in 00:49:25.920 --> 00:49:27.829 align:start position:0% um the best known research project in robotics<00:49:26.559> in<00:49:26.640> those<00:49:26.960> days<00:49:27.200> was<00:49:27.440> a<00:49:27.599> sheep 00:49:27.829 --> 00:49:27.839 align:start position:0% robotics in those days was a sheep 00:49:27.839 --> 00:49:30.790 align:start position:0% robotics in those days was a sheep sharing<00:49:28.839> project 00:49:30.790 --> 00:49:30.800 align:start position:0% sharing project 00:49:30.800 --> 00:49:35.470 align:start position:0% sharing project run<00:49:31.040> by<00:49:31.280> a<00:49:32.160> friend<00:49:32.319> of<00:49:32.480> mine<00:49:33.040> james<00:49:33.440> trevelyan 00:49:35.470 --> 00:49:35.480 align:start position:0% run by a friend of mine james trevelyan 00:49:35.480 --> 00:49:39.109 align:start position:0% run by a friend of mine james trevelyan t-r-e-v-y-l-a-n 00:49:39.109 --> 00:49:39.119 align:start position:0% 00:49:39.119 --> 00:49:41.670 align:start position:0% and<00:49:39.280> in<00:49:39.440> fact<00:49:40.160> rather<00:49:40.480> annoyingly<00:49:41.200> for<00:49:41.440> about 00:49:41.670 --> 00:49:41.680 align:start position:0% and in fact rather annoyingly for about 00:49:41.680 --> 00:49:43.510 align:start position:0% and in fact rather annoyingly for about 10<00:49:41.920> years<00:49:42.160> whenever<00:49:42.559> i<00:49:42.640> was<00:49:42.800> at<00:49:42.960> an<00:49:43.119> overseas 00:49:43.510 --> 00:49:43.520 align:start position:0% 10 years whenever i was at an overseas 00:49:43.520 --> 00:49:44.069 align:start position:0% 10 years whenever i was at an overseas conference 00:49:44.069 --> 00:49:44.079 align:start position:0% conference 00:49:44.079 --> 00:49:45.750 align:start position:0% conference and<00:49:44.240> that<00:49:44.400> someone<00:49:44.720> picked<00:49:44.960> up<00:49:45.119> my<00:49:45.280> australian 00:49:45.750 --> 00:49:45.760 align:start position:0% and that someone picked up my australian 00:49:45.760 --> 00:49:47.109 align:start position:0% and that someone picked up my australian accent<00:49:46.160> they<00:49:46.480> say 00:49:47.109 --> 00:49:47.119 align:start position:0% accent they say 00:49:47.119 --> 00:49:50.870 align:start position:0% accent they say are<00:49:47.359> you<00:49:47.599> james<00:49:47.920> trevelyan 00:49:50.870 --> 00:49:50.880 align:start position:0% 00:49:50.880 --> 00:49:53.910 align:start position:0% and<00:49:51.359> you<00:49:51.520> did<00:49:51.760> it 00:49:53.910 --> 00:49:53.920 align:start position:0% 00:49:53.920 --> 00:49:56.470 align:start position:0% so<00:49:54.160> james<00:49:54.800> was<00:49:54.960> doing<00:49:55.280> this<00:49:55.520> sheep<00:49:55.839> sharing 00:49:56.470 --> 00:49:56.480 align:start position:0% so james was doing this sheep sharing 00:49:56.480 --> 00:49:57.109 align:start position:0% so james was doing this sheep sharing project 00:49:57.109 --> 00:49:57.119 align:start position:0% project 00:49:57.119 --> 00:49:59.829 align:start position:0% project and<00:49:57.359> whilst<00:49:57.680> this<00:49:57.839> may<00:49:58.559> sound<00:49:59.119> very 00:49:59.829 --> 00:49:59.839 align:start position:0% and whilst this may sound very 00:49:59.839 --> 00:50:01.510 align:start position:0% and whilst this may sound very agricultural<00:50:00.640> it<00:50:00.800> turns<00:50:01.200> out 00:50:01.510 --> 00:50:01.520 align:start position:0% agricultural it turns out 00:50:01.520 --> 00:50:04.549 align:start position:0% agricultural it turns out he<00:50:02.400> was<00:50:02.640> a<00:50:02.880> master<00:50:03.440> mechanical<00:50:04.000> design<00:50:04.480> in 00:50:04.549 --> 00:50:04.559 align:start position:0% he was a master mechanical design in 00:50:04.559 --> 00:50:06.390 align:start position:0% he was a master mechanical design in fact<00:50:04.800> you<00:50:04.960> can<00:50:05.119> ask<00:50:05.359> any<00:50:05.680> people<00:50:06.079> like 00:50:06.390 --> 00:50:06.400 align:start position:0% fact you can ask any people like 00:50:06.400 --> 00:50:10.150 align:start position:0% fact you can ask any people like osama<00:50:06.960> khatib<00:50:07.520> and<00:50:07.760> others<00:50:08.559> and<00:50:08.960> people<00:50:09.359> know 00:50:10.150 --> 00:50:10.160 align:start position:0% osama khatib and others and people know 00:50:10.160 --> 00:50:12.870 align:start position:0% osama khatib and others and people know james<00:50:10.720> as<00:50:11.040> a<00:50:11.440> very<00:50:11.760> elegant<00:50:12.160> designer<00:50:12.720> of 00:50:12.870 --> 00:50:12.880 align:start position:0% james as a very elegant designer of 00:50:12.880 --> 00:50:14.549 align:start position:0% james as a very elegant designer of mechanisms 00:50:14.549 --> 00:50:14.559 align:start position:0% mechanisms 00:50:14.559 --> 00:50:17.109 align:start position:0% mechanisms and<00:50:14.960> so<00:50:15.280> some<00:50:15.440> of<00:50:15.520> the<00:50:15.599> things<00:50:16.000> he<00:50:16.400> designed 00:50:17.109 --> 00:50:17.119 align:start position:0% and so some of the things he designed 00:50:17.119 --> 00:50:19.270 align:start position:0% and so some of the things he designed for<00:50:17.359> the<00:50:17.599> shearing<00:50:18.079> head<00:50:18.400> on<00:50:18.640> the<00:50:18.720> robot 00:50:19.270 --> 00:50:19.280 align:start position:0% for the shearing head on the robot 00:50:19.280 --> 00:50:22.309 align:start position:0% for the shearing head on the robot arm<00:50:19.760> were<00:50:20.240> exquisite<00:50:20.960> and<00:50:21.200> still<00:50:21.440> have 00:50:22.309 --> 00:50:22.319 align:start position:0% arm were exquisite and still have 00:50:22.319 --> 00:50:26.069 align:start position:0% arm were exquisite and still have a<00:50:22.960> fair<00:50:24.000> huge<00:50:24.319> respect<00:50:24.720> for<00:50:24.880> that<00:50:25.119> work 00:50:26.069 --> 00:50:26.079 align:start position:0% a fair huge respect for that work 00:50:26.079 --> 00:50:27.990 align:start position:0% a fair huge respect for that work uh<00:50:26.319> and<00:50:26.480> he<00:50:26.640> wrote<00:50:26.800> a<00:50:26.880> book<00:50:27.040> about<00:50:27.359> this<00:50:27.599> called 00:50:27.990 --> 00:50:28.000 align:start position:0% uh and he wrote a book about this called 00:50:28.000 --> 00:50:29.910 align:start position:0% uh and he wrote a book about this called sheer<00:50:28.319> magic 00:50:29.910 --> 00:50:29.920 align:start position:0% sheer magic 00:50:29.920 --> 00:50:33.190 align:start position:0% sheer magic so<00:50:30.400> so<00:50:30.640> that<00:50:30.960> was<00:50:31.440> what<00:50:31.680> people<00:50:32.559> understood<00:50:33.040> to 00:50:33.190 --> 00:50:33.200 align:start position:0% so so that was what people understood to 00:50:33.200 --> 00:50:33.589 align:start position:0% so so that was what people understood to be 00:50:33.589 --> 00:50:33.599 align:start position:0% be 00:50:33.599 --> 00:50:36.150 align:start position:0% be the<00:50:33.760> robotics<00:50:34.400> impact<00:50:35.359> uh<00:50:35.599> in<00:50:35.760> australia 00:50:36.150 --> 00:50:36.160 align:start position:0% the robotics impact uh in australia 00:50:36.160 --> 00:50:38.309 align:start position:0% the robotics impact uh in australia about<00:50:36.400> that<00:50:36.640> time<00:50:36.960> that<00:50:37.200> there<00:50:37.359> was 00:50:38.309 --> 00:50:38.319 align:start position:0% about that time that there was 00:50:38.319 --> 00:50:41.750 align:start position:0% about that time that there was so<00:50:39.200> my<00:50:39.440> group<00:50:39.680> start<00:50:40.240> started<00:50:40.720> up<00:50:40.880> at<00:50:41.119> monash 00:50:41.750 --> 00:50:41.760 align:start position:0% so my group start started up at monash 00:50:41.760 --> 00:50:45.589 align:start position:0% so my group start started up at monash there<00:50:41.920> was<00:50:42.079> a<00:50:42.160> little<00:50:42.319> bit<00:50:42.720> uh<00:50:44.160> going<00:50:44.640> on 00:50:45.589 --> 00:50:45.599 align:start position:0% there was a little bit uh going on 00:50:45.599 --> 00:50:50.710 align:start position:0% there was a little bit uh going on with<00:50:47.280> i<00:50:47.760> guess<00:50:48.160> a<00:50:49.119> little<00:50:49.440> later<00:50:49.760> on<00:50:50.000> anyway 00:50:50.710 --> 00:50:50.720 align:start position:0% with i guess a little later on anyway 00:50:50.720 --> 00:50:54.549 align:start position:0% with i guess a little later on anyway peter<00:50:51.119> corke<00:50:51.440> was<00:50:51.680> in<00:50:53.280> csiro<00:50:53.920> in<00:50:54.000> queensland 00:50:54.549 --> 00:50:54.559 align:start position:0% peter corke was in csiro in queensland 00:50:54.559 --> 00:50:56.390 align:start position:0% peter corke was in csiro in queensland so<00:50:54.720> that<00:50:55.040> group<00:50:55.359> is<00:50:55.520> growing 00:50:56.390 --> 00:50:56.400 align:start position:0% so that group is growing 00:50:56.400 --> 00:51:01.349 align:start position:0% so that group is growing a<00:50:56.480> little<00:50:56.800> bit<00:50:56.960> of<00:50:57.040> work<00:50:57.359> happening<00:50:58.000> in 00:51:01.349 --> 00:51:01.359 align:start position:0% 00:51:01.359 --> 00:51:03.109 align:start position:0% new<00:51:01.599> south<00:51:01.920> university<00:51:02.640> so<00:51:02.880> but<00:51:02.960> they're 00:51:03.109 --> 00:51:03.119 align:start position:0% new south university so but they're 00:51:03.119 --> 00:51:04.870 align:start position:0% new south university so but they're really<00:51:03.359> only<00:51:03.520> about<00:51:03.839> five<00:51:04.240> groups<00:51:04.559> you<00:51:04.720> could 00:51:04.870 --> 00:51:04.880 align:start position:0% really only about five groups you could 00:51:04.880 --> 00:51:06.630 align:start position:0% really only about five groups you could identify<00:51:05.440> each<00:51:05.680> with<00:51:05.839> three<00:51:06.000> or<00:51:06.079> four<00:51:06.319> people 00:51:06.630 --> 00:51:06.640 align:start position:0% identify each with three or four people 00:51:06.640 --> 00:51:08.710 align:start position:0% identify each with three or four people and<00:51:06.800> then<00:51:06.960> doing<00:51:07.200> any<00:51:07.359> robotics<00:51:07.920> work 00:51:08.710 --> 00:51:08.720 align:start position:0% and then doing any robotics work 00:51:08.720 --> 00:51:12.069 align:start position:0% and then doing any robotics work and<00:51:08.880> then<00:51:09.359> the<00:51:09.599> big<00:51:09.920> impact<00:51:10.400> was<00:51:10.800> uh<00:51:11.520> when<00:51:11.760> huda 00:51:12.069 --> 00:51:12.079 align:start position:0% and then the big impact was uh when huda 00:51:12.079 --> 00:51:13.109 align:start position:0% and then the big impact was uh when huda and<00:51:12.240> white 00:51:13.109 --> 00:51:13.119 align:start position:0% and white 00:51:13.119 --> 00:51:16.470 align:start position:0% and white you<00:51:13.200> know<00:51:13.359> if<00:51:13.839> darren<00:51:14.160> white<00:51:15.440> took<00:51:15.680> up<00:51:15.920> his 00:51:16.470 --> 00:51:16.480 align:start position:0% you know if darren white took up his 00:51:16.480 --> 00:51:18.870 align:start position:0% you know if darren white took up his chair<00:51:16.880> in<00:51:17.680> sydney<00:51:18.000> university<00:51:18.720> and 00:51:18.870 --> 00:51:18.880 align:start position:0% chair in sydney university and 00:51:18.880 --> 00:51:21.030 align:start position:0% chair in sydney university and established<00:51:19.520> the<00:51:19.599> australian 00:51:21.030 --> 00:51:21.040 align:start position:0% established the australian 00:51:21.040 --> 00:51:26.069 align:start position:0% established the australian field<00:51:21.440> a<00:51:21.760> fee<00:51:23.760> field<00:51:24.000> research<00:51:24.480> center 00:51:26.069 --> 00:51:26.079 align:start position:0% field a fee field research center 00:51:26.079 --> 00:51:29.430 align:start position:0% field a fee field research center that<00:51:26.319> was<00:51:27.280> momentous<00:51:28.000> because 00:51:29.430 --> 00:51:29.440 align:start position:0% that was momentous because 00:51:29.440 --> 00:51:31.910 align:start position:0% that was momentous because hugh<00:51:29.760> came<00:51:30.160> with<00:51:30.480> a<00:51:30.880> lot<00:51:31.040> of<00:51:31.280> very<00:51:31.520> strong 00:51:31.910 --> 00:51:31.920 align:start position:0% hugh came with a lot of very strong 00:51:31.920 --> 00:51:32.710 align:start position:0% hugh came with a lot of very strong ideas 00:51:32.710 --> 00:51:32.720 align:start position:0% ideas 00:51:32.720 --> 00:51:35.829 align:start position:0% ideas very<00:51:32.960> very<00:51:33.280> strong<00:51:34.079> industrial<00:51:34.640> links<00:51:34.960> to 00:51:35.829 --> 00:51:35.839 align:start position:0% very very strong industrial links to 00:51:35.839 --> 00:51:36.230 align:start position:0% very very strong industrial links to people 00:51:36.230 --> 00:51:36.240 align:start position:0% people 00:51:36.240 --> 00:51:39.589 align:start position:0% people doing<00:51:36.480> port<00:51:36.800> automation<00:51:37.520> mining<00:51:38.720> and 00:51:39.589 --> 00:51:39.599 align:start position:0% doing port automation mining and 00:51:39.599 --> 00:51:44.069 align:start position:0% doing port automation mining and built<00:51:39.839> up<00:51:40.000> his<00:51:40.240> group<00:51:40.559> to<00:51:42.480> 40<00:51:42.880> or<00:51:42.960> 50<00:51:43.359> 60<00:51:43.680> 70 00:51:44.069 --> 00:51:44.079 align:start position:0% built up his group to 40 or 50 60 70 00:51:44.079 --> 00:51:45.670 align:start position:0% built up his group to 40 or 50 60 70 people<00:51:44.400> in<00:51:44.559> the<00:51:44.720> end 00:51:45.670 --> 00:51:45.680 align:start position:0% people in the end 00:51:45.680 --> 00:51:48.950 align:start position:0% people in the end and<00:51:46.880> absorbed<00:51:47.599> a<00:51:47.760> huge<00:51:48.079> amount<00:51:48.400> of<00:51:48.480> funding 00:51:48.950 --> 00:51:48.960 align:start position:0% and absorbed a huge amount of funding 00:51:48.960 --> 00:51:49.589 align:start position:0% and absorbed a huge amount of funding from 00:51:49.589 --> 00:51:49.599 align:start position:0% from 00:51:49.599 --> 00:51:53.030 align:start position:0% from both<00:51:50.240> governments<00:51:51.280> and<00:51:51.599> from 00:51:53.030 --> 00:51:53.040 align:start position:0% both governments and from 00:51:53.040 --> 00:51:56.549 align:start position:0% both governments and from industry<00:51:53.680> in<00:51:53.839> fact<00:51:54.800> in<00:51:55.040> a<00:51:55.119> way<00:51:55.760> other<00:51:55.920> robotics 00:51:56.549 --> 00:51:56.559 align:start position:0% industry in fact in a way other robotics 00:51:56.559 --> 00:51:57.750 align:start position:0% industry in fact in a way other robotics uh 00:51:57.750 --> 00:51:57.760 align:start position:0% uh 00:51:57.760 --> 00:51:59.670 align:start position:0% uh groups<00:51:58.079> even<00:51:58.319> mine<00:51:58.800> really<00:51:59.040> didn't<00:51:59.280> get<00:51:59.440> a<00:51:59.520> lot 00:51:59.670 --> 00:51:59.680 align:start position:0% groups even mine really didn't get a lot 00:51:59.680 --> 00:52:01.109 align:start position:0% groups even mine really didn't get a lot of<00:51:59.839> looking<00:52:00.240> because<00:52:00.480> he<00:52:00.640> was 00:52:01.109 --> 00:52:01.119 align:start position:0% of looking because he was 00:52:01.119 --> 00:52:03.349 align:start position:0% of looking because he was so<00:52:01.440> powerful<00:52:02.000> in<00:52:02.400> attracting<00:52:02.880> the<00:52:03.040> funding 00:52:03.349 --> 00:52:03.359 align:start position:0% so powerful in attracting the funding 00:52:03.359 --> 00:52:04.230 align:start position:0% so powerful in attracting the funding and 00:52:04.230 --> 00:52:04.240 align:start position:0% and 00:52:04.240 --> 00:52:07.349 align:start position:0% and legitimately<00:52:05.520> competing<00:52:06.079> so<00:52:06.720> you<00:52:06.880> and<00:52:07.040> i<00:52:07.200> were 00:52:07.349 --> 00:52:07.359 align:start position:0% legitimately competing so you and i were 00:52:07.359 --> 00:52:08.790 align:start position:0% legitimately competing so you and i were hopefully<00:52:07.839> going<00:52:08.000> to<00:52:08.160> set<00:52:08.319> up<00:52:08.559> a 00:52:08.790 --> 00:52:08.800 align:start position:0% hopefully going to set up a 00:52:08.800 --> 00:52:10.870 align:start position:0% hopefully going to set up a field<00:52:09.040> research<00:52:09.359> center<00:52:09.760> together<00:52:10.480> but<00:52:10.720> our 00:52:10.870 --> 00:52:10.880 align:start position:0% field research center together but our 00:52:10.880 --> 00:52:12.150 align:start position:0% field research center together but our first<00:52:11.119> attempt<00:52:11.520> to<00:52:11.680> fail 00:52:12.150 --> 00:52:12.160 align:start position:0% first attempt to fail 00:52:12.160 --> 00:52:13.910 align:start position:0% first attempt to fail because<00:52:12.720> most<00:52:12.880> of<00:52:12.960> the<00:52:13.040> money<00:52:13.359> was<00:52:13.520> going<00:52:13.680> to 00:52:13.910 --> 00:52:13.920 align:start position:0% because most of the money was going to 00:52:13.920 --> 00:52:15.430 align:start position:0% because most of the money was going to big<00:52:14.160> science 00:52:15.430 --> 00:52:15.440 align:start position:0% big science 00:52:15.440 --> 00:52:17.750 align:start position:0% big science uh<00:52:15.760> our<00:52:16.240> projects<00:52:16.640> were<00:52:16.800> not<00:52:17.119> monolithic 00:52:17.750 --> 00:52:17.760 align:start position:0% uh our projects were not monolithic 00:52:17.760 --> 00:52:19.109 align:start position:0% uh our projects were not monolithic enough<00:52:18.079> right<00:52:18.319> so<00:52:18.480> if<00:52:18.559> you're<00:52:18.640> going<00:52:18.800> to<00:52:18.880> spend 00:52:19.109 --> 00:52:19.119 align:start position:0% enough right so if you're going to spend 00:52:19.119 --> 00:52:20.549 align:start position:0% enough right so if you're going to spend 10<00:52:19.359> million<00:52:19.680> dollars 00:52:20.549 --> 00:52:20.559 align:start position:0% 10 million dollars 00:52:20.559 --> 00:52:22.470 align:start position:0% 10 million dollars and<00:52:20.720> you<00:52:21.040> could<00:52:21.280> buy<00:52:21.599> one<00:52:21.839> instrument<00:52:22.240> for 00:52:22.470 --> 00:52:22.480 align:start position:0% and you could buy one instrument for 00:52:22.480 --> 00:52:23.829 align:start position:0% and you could buy one instrument for people<00:52:22.800> doing 00:52:23.829 --> 00:52:23.839 align:start position:0% people doing 00:52:23.839 --> 00:52:26.309 align:start position:0% people doing uh<00:52:24.319> gravity<00:52:24.880> waves<00:52:25.200> or<00:52:25.359> something<00:52:26.000> then<00:52:26.160> you 00:52:26.309 --> 00:52:26.319 align:start position:0% uh gravity waves or something then you 00:52:26.319 --> 00:52:27.750 align:start position:0% uh gravity waves or something then you couldn't<00:52:26.559> say<00:52:26.720> well<00:52:26.960> i<00:52:27.040> could<00:52:27.280> use<00:52:27.440> it<00:52:27.599> in 00:52:27.750 --> 00:52:27.760 align:start position:0% couldn't say well i could use it in 00:52:27.760 --> 00:52:29.349 align:start position:0% couldn't say well i could use it in small<00:52:28.079> pieces<00:52:28.480> because<00:52:28.720> then<00:52:28.960> those<00:52:29.200> other 00:52:29.349 --> 00:52:29.359 align:start position:0% small pieces because then those other 00:52:29.359 --> 00:52:30.790 align:start position:0% small pieces because then those other people<00:52:29.599> would<00:52:29.680> never<00:52:29.920> get<00:52:30.000> a<00:52:30.079> look<00:52:30.319> in 00:52:30.790 --> 00:52:30.800 align:start position:0% people would never get a look in 00:52:30.800 --> 00:52:32.549 align:start position:0% people would never get a look in so<00:52:30.960> you<00:52:31.200> and<00:52:31.280> i<00:52:31.359> were<00:52:31.520> interested<00:52:32.000> in<00:52:32.240> writing 00:52:32.549 --> 00:52:32.559 align:start position:0% so you and i were interested in writing 00:52:32.559 --> 00:52:34.230 align:start position:0% so you and i were interested in writing that<00:52:32.800> up<00:52:33.040> and<00:52:33.119> we<00:52:33.359> failed 00:52:34.230 --> 00:52:34.240 align:start position:0% that up and we failed 00:52:34.240 --> 00:52:37.030 align:start position:0% that up and we failed and<00:52:34.480> subsequently<00:52:36.000> when<00:52:36.240> the<00:52:36.400> call<00:52:36.640> went<00:52:36.880> out 00:52:37.030 --> 00:52:37.040 align:start position:0% and subsequently when the call went out 00:52:37.040 --> 00:52:39.829 align:start position:0% and subsequently when the call went out for<00:52:37.280> special<00:52:37.680> research<00:52:38.160> centers 00:52:39.829 --> 00:52:39.839 align:start position:0% for special research centers 00:52:39.839 --> 00:52:42.069 align:start position:0% for special research centers the<00:52:40.000> money<00:52:40.319> was<00:52:40.480> relatively<00:52:41.040> small<00:52:41.440> and<00:52:41.599> i 00:52:42.069 --> 00:52:42.079 align:start position:0% the money was relatively small and i 00:52:42.079 --> 00:52:43.910 align:start position:0% the money was relatively small and i rang<00:52:42.480> you<00:52:42.720> and<00:52:42.800> said<00:52:43.040> should<00:52:43.200> we<00:52:43.359> go<00:52:43.520> together 00:52:43.910 --> 00:52:43.920 align:start position:0% rang you and said should we go together 00:52:43.920 --> 00:52:45.030 align:start position:0% rang you and said should we go together and he<00:52:44.000> said<00:52:44.160> no<00:52:44.319> the<00:52:44.400> money<00:52:44.559> is<00:52:44.640> too<00:52:44.800> small 00:52:45.030 --> 00:52:45.040 align:start position:0% and he said no the money is too small 00:52:45.040 --> 00:52:46.309 align:start position:0% and he said no the money is too small and<00:52:45.119> we<00:52:45.280> split 00:52:46.309 --> 00:52:46.319 align:start position:0% and we split 00:52:46.319 --> 00:52:50.710 align:start position:0% and we split and<00:52:46.800> what<00:52:47.040> happened<00:52:47.440> was<00:52:47.680> that<00:52:48.880> his<00:52:49.200> group 00:52:50.710 --> 00:52:50.720 align:start position:0% and what happened was that his group 00:52:50.720 --> 00:52:53.030 align:start position:0% and what happened was that his group got<00:52:50.960> the<00:52:51.119> centre<00:52:51.440> for<00:52:51.520> autonomous<00:52:52.000> systems 00:52:53.030 --> 00:52:53.040 align:start position:0% got the centre for autonomous systems 00:52:53.040 --> 00:52:55.270 align:start position:0% got the centre for autonomous systems and<00:52:53.280> we<00:52:53.440> got<00:52:53.680> a<00:52:53.839> second<00:52:54.240> ranking 00:52:55.270 --> 00:52:55.280 align:start position:0% and we got a second ranking 00:52:55.280 --> 00:52:57.990 align:start position:0% and we got a second ranking support<00:52:55.680> for<00:52:55.839> a<00:52:55.920> center<00:52:56.800> at<00:52:57.040> half<00:52:57.359> the<00:52:57.520> funding 00:52:57.990 --> 00:52:58.000 align:start position:0% support for a center at half the funding 00:52:58.000 --> 00:52:59.349 align:start position:0% support for a center at half the funding so<00:52:58.160> we<00:52:58.240> were<00:52:58.400> called<00:52:58.640> to<00:52:58.720> sort<00:52:58.880> of<00:52:58.960> half 00:52:59.349 --> 00:52:59.359 align:start position:0% so we were called to sort of half 00:52:59.359 --> 00:53:01.430 align:start position:0% so we were called to sort of half center<00:53:00.160> but<00:53:00.319> we<00:53:00.480> did<00:53:00.640> different<00:53:01.040> sorts<00:53:01.359> of 00:53:01.430 --> 00:53:01.440 align:start position:0% center but we did different sorts of 00:53:01.440 --> 00:53:02.390 align:start position:0% center but we did different sorts of things<00:53:01.760> so<00:53:02.079> here 00:53:02.390 --> 00:53:02.400 align:start position:0% things so here 00:53:02.400 --> 00:53:06.390 align:start position:0% things so here center<00:53:02.720> was<00:53:03.200> big<00:53:03.440> scale<00:53:03.920> stuff<00:53:04.960> mining 00:53:06.390 --> 00:53:06.400 align:start position:0% center was big scale stuff mining 00:53:06.400 --> 00:53:08.870 align:start position:0% center was big scale stuff mining ported<00:53:07.359> automation<00:53:08.000> and<00:53:08.079> eventually<00:53:08.559> into 00:53:08.870 --> 00:53:08.880 align:start position:0% ported automation and eventually into 00:53:08.880 --> 00:53:10.230 align:start position:0% ported automation and eventually into underwater 00:53:10.230 --> 00:53:10.240 align:start position:0% underwater 00:53:10.240 --> 00:53:13.510 align:start position:0% underwater and<00:53:10.640> aerial<00:53:12.000> on<00:53:12.240> the<00:53:12.319> big<00:53:12.480> scale 00:53:13.510 --> 00:53:13.520 align:start position:0% and aerial on the big scale 00:53:13.520 --> 00:53:16.710 align:start position:0% and aerial on the big scale our<00:53:13.839> stuff<00:53:14.160> tended<00:53:14.400> to<00:53:14.480> be<00:53:15.839> gadgets<00:53:16.400> small 00:53:16.710 --> 00:53:16.720 align:start position:0% our stuff tended to be gadgets small 00:53:16.720 --> 00:53:19.510 align:start position:0% our stuff tended to be gadgets small sensors<00:53:17.200> of<00:53:17.280> various<00:53:17.680> kinds 00:53:19.510 --> 00:53:19.520 align:start position:0% sensors of various kinds 00:53:19.520 --> 00:53:21.109 align:start position:0% sensors of various kinds my<00:53:19.680> colleague<00:53:20.079> was<00:53:20.240> interested<00:53:20.640> in<00:53:20.800> touch 00:53:21.109 --> 00:53:21.119 align:start position:0% my colleague was interested in touch 00:53:21.119 --> 00:53:23.510 align:start position:0% my colleague was interested in touch sensing<00:53:21.839> and<00:53:22.000> thermal<00:53:22.400> sensing<00:53:22.960> others<00:53:23.280> were 00:53:23.510 --> 00:53:23.520 align:start position:0% sensing and thermal sensing others were 00:53:23.520 --> 00:53:23.750 align:start position:0% sensing and thermal sensing others were in 00:53:23.750 --> 00:53:23.760 align:start position:0% in 00:53:23.760 --> 00:53:27.430 align:start position:0% in ultrasonics<00:53:24.559> and<00:53:24.720> i<00:53:24.880> was<00:53:25.040> working<00:53:25.440> in<00:53:25.599> vision 00:53:27.430 --> 00:53:27.440 align:start position:0% ultrasonics and i was working in vision 00:53:27.440 --> 00:53:29.430 align:start position:0% ultrasonics and i was working in vision so<00:53:27.680> the<00:53:27.839> things<00:53:28.079> we<00:53:28.240> did<00:53:28.480> were<00:53:28.640> a<00:53:28.720> really<00:53:28.960> small 00:53:29.430 --> 00:53:29.440 align:start position:0% so the things we did were a really small 00:53:29.440 --> 00:53:31.349 align:start position:0% so the things we did were a really small scale<00:53:29.839> and<00:53:30.160> he<00:53:30.319> was<00:53:30.480> doing<00:53:30.720> the<00:53:30.800> big<00:53:30.960> scale 00:53:31.349 --> 00:53:31.359 align:start position:0% scale and he was doing the big scale 00:53:31.359 --> 00:53:32.950 align:start position:0% scale and he was doing the big scale stuff<00:53:31.599> in<00:53:31.680> the<00:53:31.760> meanwhile<00:53:32.160> peter<00:53:32.480> cook<00:53:32.720> was 00:53:32.950 --> 00:53:32.960 align:start position:0% stuff in the meanwhile peter cook was 00:53:32.960 --> 00:53:35.270 align:start position:0% stuff in the meanwhile peter cook was starting<00:53:33.359> to<00:53:33.440> do<00:53:33.680> big<00:53:33.839> scale<00:53:34.240> stuff<00:53:34.559> as<00:53:34.720> well 00:53:35.270 --> 00:53:35.280 align:start position:0% starting to do big scale stuff as well 00:53:35.280 --> 00:53:36.950 align:start position:0% starting to do big scale stuff as well so<00:53:35.440> i<00:53:35.520> think<00:53:35.760> peter<00:53:36.079> and<00:53:36.240> you<00:53:36.400> worked<00:53:36.640> together 00:53:36.950 --> 00:53:36.960 align:start position:0% so i think peter and you worked together 00:53:36.960 --> 00:53:38.790 align:start position:0% so i think peter and you worked together for<00:53:37.040> a<00:53:37.119> while 00:53:38.790 --> 00:53:38.800 align:start position:0% for a while 00:53:38.800 --> 00:53:41.510 align:start position:0% for a while so<00:53:39.119> the<00:53:39.440> landscape<00:53:40.079> changed<00:53:40.400> quite<00:53:40.640> a<00:53:40.720> lot<00:53:41.200> to 00:53:41.510 --> 00:53:41.520 align:start position:0% so the landscape changed quite a lot to 00:53:41.520 --> 00:53:44.870 align:start position:0% so the landscape changed quite a lot to to<00:53:41.920> go<00:53:42.160> towards<00:53:42.800> the<00:53:42.960> group<00:53:43.200> that<00:53:43.440> hugh<00:53:43.680> set<00:53:44.000> up 00:53:44.870 --> 00:53:44.880 align:start position:0% to go towards the group that hugh set up 00:53:44.880 --> 00:53:46.870 align:start position:0% to go towards the group that hugh set up there's<00:53:45.119> still<00:53:45.359> some<00:53:45.599> work<00:53:45.839> happening<00:53:46.240> in<00:53:46.319> wa 00:53:46.870 --> 00:53:46.880 align:start position:0% there's still some work happening in wa 00:53:46.880 --> 00:53:48.390 align:start position:0% there's still some work happening in wa and<00:53:46.960> summer 00:53:48.390 --> 00:53:48.400 align:start position:0% and summer 00:53:48.400 --> 00:53:50.870 align:start position:0% and summer university<00:53:49.040> new<00:53:49.280> south<00:53:49.520> wales<00:53:50.480> and<00:53:50.720> our 00:53:50.870 --> 00:53:50.880 align:start position:0% university new south wales and our 00:53:50.880 --> 00:53:51.750 align:start position:0% university new south wales and our monash<00:53:51.359> group 00:53:51.750 --> 00:53:51.760 align:start position:0% monash group 00:53:51.760 --> 00:53:55.190 align:start position:0% monash group had<00:53:52.000> a<00:53:52.079> reputation<00:53:52.800> but<00:53:53.520> in<00:53:53.760> sort<00:53:54.000> of<00:53:54.160> limited 00:53:55.190 --> 00:53:55.200 align:start position:0% had a reputation but in sort of limited 00:53:55.200 --> 00:53:58.710 align:start position:0% had a reputation but in sort of limited size<00:53:55.760> of<00:53:56.000> moderation<00:53:57.760> so<00:53:58.160> so 00:53:58.710 --> 00:53:58.720 align:start position:0% size of moderation so so 00:53:58.720 --> 00:54:02.549 align:start position:0% size of moderation so so hugh<00:53:59.200> was<00:54:00.000> keen<00:54:00.400> to<00:54:00.559> use<00:54:00.960> the<00:54:01.200> phrase<00:54:01.680> that 00:54:02.549 --> 00:54:02.559 align:start position:0% hugh was keen to use the phrase that 00:54:02.559 --> 00:54:04.470 align:start position:0% hugh was keen to use the phrase that the<00:54:02.640> australian<00:54:03.280> academic<00:54:04.079> research 00:54:04.470 --> 00:54:04.480 align:start position:0% the australian academic research 00:54:04.480 --> 00:54:05.910 align:start position:0% the australian academic research committee<00:54:04.960> was 00:54:05.910 --> 00:54:05.920 align:start position:0% committee was 00:54:05.920 --> 00:54:08.790 align:start position:0% committee was punching<00:54:06.400> beyond<00:54:06.800> its<00:54:07.040> weight<00:54:08.319> you<00:54:08.480> know<00:54:08.640> the 00:54:08.790 --> 00:54:08.800 align:start position:0% punching beyond its weight you know the 00:54:08.800 --> 00:54:09.589 align:start position:0% punching beyond its weight you know the term 00:54:09.589 --> 00:54:09.599 align:start position:0% term 00:54:09.599 --> 00:54:11.270 align:start position:0% term so<00:54:09.760> it<00:54:09.839> means<00:54:10.160> where<00:54:10.480> you<00:54:10.559> know<00:54:10.800> featherweight 00:54:11.270 --> 00:54:11.280 align:start position:0% so it means where you know featherweight 00:54:11.280 --> 00:54:13.910 align:start position:0% so it means where you know featherweight has<00:54:12.319> moved<00:54:12.640> up<00:54:12.800> the<00:54:12.880> scale<00:54:13.200> so<00:54:13.359> it<00:54:13.440> was<00:54:13.680> true 00:54:13.910 --> 00:54:13.920 align:start position:0% has moved up the scale so it was true 00:54:13.920 --> 00:54:15.829 align:start position:0% has moved up the scale so it was true because<00:54:14.160> if<00:54:14.319> he<00:54:14.400> took<00:54:14.720> the<00:54:14.880> population 00:54:15.829 --> 00:54:15.839 align:start position:0% because if he took the population 00:54:15.839 --> 00:54:18.950 align:start position:0% because if he took the population and<00:54:16.000> the<00:54:16.079> small<00:54:16.480> number<00:54:17.680> uh<00:54:18.240> we<00:54:18.400> were<00:54:18.559> making 00:54:18.950 --> 00:54:18.960 align:start position:0% and the small number uh we were making 00:54:18.960 --> 00:54:20.710 align:start position:0% and the small number uh we were making quite<00:54:19.200> a<00:54:19.280> good<00:54:19.599> impact<00:54:20.000> you<00:54:20.160> know<00:54:20.240> we'd<00:54:20.480> find 00:54:20.710 --> 00:54:20.720 align:start position:0% quite a good impact you know we'd find 00:54:20.720 --> 00:54:22.230 align:start position:0% quite a good impact you know we'd find lots<00:54:20.960> of<00:54:21.040> australians<00:54:21.520> at<00:54:21.680> international 00:54:22.230 --> 00:54:22.240 align:start position:0% lots of australians at international 00:54:22.240 --> 00:54:23.109 align:start position:0% lots of australians at international conferences 00:54:23.109 --> 00:54:23.119 align:start position:0% conferences 00:54:23.119 --> 00:54:26.069 align:start position:0% conferences much<00:54:24.000> higher<00:54:24.400> than<00:54:24.559> the<00:54:25.200> proportionality 00:54:26.069 --> 00:54:26.079 align:start position:0% much higher than the proportionality 00:54:26.079 --> 00:54:27.510 align:start position:0% much higher than the proportionality would<00:54:26.240> suggest 00:54:27.510 --> 00:54:27.520 align:start position:0% would suggest 00:54:27.520 --> 00:54:30.069 align:start position:0% would suggest but<00:54:27.760> nevertheless<00:54:29.040> we<00:54:29.200> never<00:54:29.520> got<00:54:29.839> very 00:54:30.069 --> 00:54:30.079 align:start position:0% but nevertheless we never got very 00:54:30.079 --> 00:54:31.190 align:start position:0% but nevertheless we never got very strong<00:54:30.400> recognition 00:54:31.190 --> 00:54:31.200 align:start position:0% strong recognition 00:54:31.200 --> 00:54:34.069 align:start position:0% strong recognition robotics<00:54:31.760> has<00:54:31.920> never<00:54:32.240> been<00:54:33.599> you<00:54:33.680> know<00:54:33.839> a 00:54:34.069 --> 00:54:34.079 align:start position:0% robotics has never been you know a 00:54:34.079 --> 00:54:34.790 align:start position:0% robotics has never been you know a national 00:54:34.790 --> 00:54:34.800 align:start position:0% national 00:54:34.800 --> 00:54:38.710 align:start position:0% national national<00:54:35.280> project<00:54:36.720> in<00:54:36.839> australia 00:54:38.710 --> 00:54:38.720 align:start position:0% national project in australia 00:54:38.720 --> 00:54:40.470 align:start position:0% national project in australia they've<00:54:38.960> been<00:54:39.280> funding<00:54:39.680> for<00:54:39.920> various 00:54:40.470 --> 00:54:40.480 align:start position:0% they've been funding for various 00:54:40.480 --> 00:54:42.710 align:start position:0% they've been funding for various particular<00:54:41.040> things<00:54:41.280> but<00:54:41.680> no<00:54:41.839> one's<00:54:42.160> ever<00:54:42.480> come 00:54:42.710 --> 00:54:42.720 align:start position:0% particular things but no one's ever come 00:54:42.720 --> 00:54:44.150 align:start position:0% particular things but no one's ever come up<00:54:42.880> and<00:54:43.040> saying<00:54:43.280> hey<00:54:43.520> this<00:54:43.680> is<00:54:43.839> where<00:54:44.000> we 00:54:44.150 --> 00:54:44.160 align:start position:0% up and saying hey this is where we 00:54:44.160 --> 00:54:45.510 align:start position:0% up and saying hey this is where we really<00:54:44.400> need<00:54:44.640> to<00:54:44.720> have 00:54:45.510 --> 00:54:45.520 align:start position:0% really need to have 00:54:45.520 --> 00:54:48.069 align:start position:0% really need to have certainly<00:54:45.839> there<00:54:46.079> has<00:54:46.319> been<00:54:46.720> a<00:54:47.680> strong 00:54:48.069 --> 00:54:48.079 align:start position:0% certainly there has been a strong 00:54:48.079 --> 00:54:50.789 align:start position:0% certainly there has been a strong emphasis<00:54:48.640> on<00:54:48.880> alternative 00:54:50.789 --> 00:54:50.799 align:start position:0% emphasis on alternative 00:54:50.799 --> 00:54:55.109 align:start position:0% emphasis on alternative energy<00:54:51.280> sources<00:54:51.920> on<00:54:52.160> things<00:54:52.480> like<00:54:52.799> uh 00:54:55.109 --> 00:54:55.119 align:start position:0% 00:54:55.119 --> 00:54:58.870 align:start position:0% medical<00:54:55.599> issues<00:54:57.040> and 00:54:58.870 --> 00:54:58.880 align:start position:0% medical issues and 00:54:58.880 --> 00:55:00.630 align:start position:0% medical issues and mining<00:54:59.520> and<00:54:59.760> all<00:54:59.920> this<00:55:00.079> kind<00:55:00.240> of<00:55:00.319> stuff<00:55:00.480> but 00:55:00.630 --> 00:55:00.640 align:start position:0% mining and all this kind of stuff but 00:55:00.640 --> 00:55:01.990 align:start position:0% mining and all this kind of stuff but not<00:55:00.799> specifically 00:55:01.990 --> 00:55:02.000 align:start position:0% not specifically 00:55:02.000 --> 00:55:03.910 align:start position:0% not specifically robotics<00:55:02.559> so<00:55:02.880> given<00:55:03.200> that<00:55:03.359> we<00:55:03.520> were<00:55:03.680> all 00:55:03.910 --> 00:55:03.920 align:start position:0% robotics so given that we were all 00:55:03.920 --> 00:55:06.230 align:start position:0% robotics so given that we were all scrabbling<00:55:04.400> for<00:55:04.559> our<00:55:04.839> funding 00:55:06.230 --> 00:55:06.240 align:start position:0% scrabbling for our funding 00:55:06.240 --> 00:55:10.789 align:start position:0% scrabbling for our funding from<00:55:07.440> a<00:55:07.520> bigger<00:55:07.920> pool<00:55:08.559> having<00:55:08.880> to 00:55:10.789 --> 00:55:10.799 align:start position:0% from a bigger pool having to 00:55:10.799 --> 00:55:13.430 align:start position:0% from a bigger pool having to compete<00:55:11.200> against<00:55:11.520> a<00:55:11.599> bigger<00:55:11.920> pool<00:55:12.240> of 00:55:13.430 --> 00:55:13.440 align:start position:0% compete against a bigger pool of 00:55:13.440 --> 00:55:14.950 align:start position:0% compete against a bigger pool of relatively<00:55:14.000> unrelated 00:55:14.950 --> 00:55:14.960 align:start position:0% relatively unrelated 00:55:14.960 --> 00:55:16.870 align:start position:0% relatively unrelated engineering<00:55:15.520> and<00:55:15.680> science<00:55:16.480> we're<00:55:16.640> doing 00:55:16.870 --> 00:55:16.880 align:start position:0% engineering and science we're doing 00:55:16.880 --> 00:55:19.510 align:start position:0% engineering and science we're doing reasoning 00:55:19.510 --> 00:55:19.520 align:start position:0% 00:55:19.520 --> 00:55:21.670 align:start position:0% so<00:55:19.760> what<00:55:20.000> kind<00:55:20.240> of<00:55:20.400> research<00:55:20.880> did<00:55:21.040> you<00:55:21.359> end<00:55:21.520> up 00:55:21.670 --> 00:55:21.680 align:start position:0% so what kind of research did you end up 00:55:21.680 --> 00:55:23.270 align:start position:0% so what kind of research did you end up doing<00:55:22.000> with<00:55:22.160> here<00:55:22.400> you<00:55:22.559> mentioned<00:55:22.960> you<00:55:23.119> had 00:55:23.270 --> 00:55:23.280 align:start position:0% doing with here you mentioned you had 00:55:23.280 --> 00:55:24.789 align:start position:0% doing with here you mentioned you had kitted<00:55:23.680> yourself 00:55:24.789 --> 00:55:24.799 align:start position:0% kitted yourself 00:55:24.799 --> 00:55:28.549 align:start position:0% kitted yourself um<00:55:25.599> up 00:55:28.549 --> 00:55:28.559 align:start position:0% 00:55:28.559 --> 00:55:31.030 align:start position:0% uh<00:55:28.960> um<00:55:29.359> and<00:55:29.520> that<00:55:29.680> was<00:55:29.920> it<00:55:30.079> monash<00:55:30.640> yeah 00:55:31.030 --> 00:55:31.040 align:start position:0% uh um and that was it monash yeah 00:55:31.040 --> 00:55:31.750 align:start position:0% uh um and that was it monash yeah already<00:55:31.359> there 00:55:31.750 --> 00:55:31.760 align:start position:0% already there 00:55:31.760 --> 00:55:35.109 align:start position:0% already there yeah<00:55:31.920> that's<00:55:32.160> right<00:55:32.559> we<00:55:32.720> already<00:55:33.040> there<00:55:33.839> um 00:55:35.109 --> 00:55:35.119 align:start position:0% yeah that's right we already there um 00:55:35.119 --> 00:55:38.710 align:start position:0% yeah that's right we already there um so<00:55:37.440> i<00:55:37.760> started 00:55:38.710 --> 00:55:38.720 align:start position:0% so i started 00:55:38.720 --> 00:55:41.430 align:start position:0% so i started well<00:55:38.960> because<00:55:39.359> i<00:55:39.599> i<00:55:39.760> was<00:55:40.000> able<00:55:40.160> to<00:55:40.319> buy<00:55:41.040> bigger 00:55:41.430 --> 00:55:41.440 align:start position:0% well because i i was able to buy bigger 00:55:41.440 --> 00:55:43.109 align:start position:0% well because i i was able to buy bigger pieces<00:55:41.760> of<00:55:41.839> equipment<00:55:42.319> i<00:55:42.559> started<00:55:42.799> to<00:55:42.880> get 00:55:43.109 --> 00:55:43.119 align:start position:0% pieces of equipment i started to get 00:55:43.119 --> 00:55:43.990 align:start position:0% pieces of equipment i started to get interested<00:55:43.599> in 00:55:43.990 --> 00:55:44.000 align:start position:0% interested in 00:55:44.000 --> 00:55:48.230 align:start position:0% interested in a<00:55:44.240> lot<00:55:44.400> of<00:55:44.559> outdoor<00:55:45.559> robotics<00:55:46.839> um 00:55:48.230 --> 00:55:48.240 align:start position:0% a lot of outdoor robotics um 00:55:48.240 --> 00:55:51.349 align:start position:0% a lot of outdoor robotics um so<00:55:49.520> two<00:55:49.680> of<00:55:49.760> the<00:55:49.920> big<00:55:50.160> things<00:55:50.799> i<00:55:50.960> bought 00:55:51.349 --> 00:55:51.359 align:start position:0% so two of the big things i bought 00:55:51.359 --> 00:55:55.030 align:start position:0% so two of the big things i bought both<00:55:52.240> related<00:55:52.960> to<00:55:53.280> my<00:55:53.520> visit<00:55:53.920> to<00:55:54.160> a 00:55:55.030 --> 00:55:55.040 align:start position:0% both related to my visit to a 00:55:55.040 --> 00:55:58.470 align:start position:0% both related to my visit to a laboratory<00:55:55.680> in<00:55:55.920> finland<00:55:57.200> i<00:55:57.520> can't<00:55:57.760> begin 00:55:58.470 --> 00:55:58.480 align:start position:0% laboratory in finland i can't begin 00:55:58.480 --> 00:56:01.430 align:start position:0% laboratory in finland i can't begin the<00:55:58.559> exact<00:55:58.960> date<00:56:00.400> what<00:56:00.720> had<00:56:00.799> happened<00:56:01.119> was 00:56:01.430 --> 00:56:01.440 align:start position:0% the exact date what had happened was 00:56:01.440 --> 00:56:02.630 align:start position:0% the exact date what had happened was that<00:56:01.760> a 00:56:02.630 --> 00:56:02.640 align:start position:0% that a 00:56:02.640 --> 00:56:06.230 align:start position:0% that a colleague<00:56:02.960> of<00:56:03.119> mine<00:56:03.680> professor<00:56:04.160> ann<00:56:04.640> halm 00:56:06.230 --> 00:56:06.240 align:start position:0% colleague of mine professor ann halm 00:56:06.240 --> 00:56:09.829 align:start position:0% colleague of mine professor ann halm who<00:56:06.480> was<00:56:08.240> running<00:56:08.640> quite<00:56:08.799> a<00:56:08.880> big<00:56:09.200> laboratory 00:56:09.829 --> 00:56:09.839 align:start position:0% who was running quite a big laboratory 00:56:09.839 --> 00:56:11.750 align:start position:0% who was running quite a big laboratory in<00:56:10.079> the<00:56:10.160> university<00:56:10.480> of<00:56:10.640> helsinki 00:56:11.750 --> 00:56:11.760 align:start position:0% in the university of helsinki 00:56:11.760 --> 00:56:14.950 align:start position:0% in the university of helsinki had<00:56:12.000> a<00:56:12.079> conference<00:56:12.640> that<00:56:12.880> i<00:56:13.119> helped<00:56:13.760> with<00:56:14.079> by 00:56:14.950 --> 00:56:14.960 align:start position:0% had a conference that i helped with by 00:56:14.960 --> 00:56:17.190 align:start position:0% had a conference that i helped with by reading<00:56:15.280> some<00:56:15.520> papers<00:56:16.000> and<00:56:16.400> became<00:56:16.960> good 00:56:17.190 --> 00:56:17.200 align:start position:0% reading some papers and became good 00:56:17.200 --> 00:56:19.349 align:start position:0% reading some papers and became good friends<00:56:17.839> and 00:56:19.349 --> 00:56:19.359 align:start position:0% friends and 00:56:19.359 --> 00:56:21.030 align:start position:0% friends and he<00:56:19.680> introduced<00:56:20.160> me<00:56:20.319> to<00:56:20.480> some<00:56:20.720> russian 00:56:21.030 --> 00:56:21.040 align:start position:0% he introduced me to some russian 00:56:21.040 --> 00:56:22.710 align:start position:0% he introduced me to some russian engineers 00:56:22.710 --> 00:56:22.720 align:start position:0% engineers 00:56:22.720 --> 00:56:26.549 align:start position:0% engineers who<00:56:24.799> had<00:56:25.040> been<00:56:25.359> part<00:56:25.760> of 00:56:26.549 --> 00:56:26.559 align:start position:0% who had been part of 00:56:26.559 --> 00:56:31.030 align:start position:0% who had been part of the<00:56:27.599> russian<00:56:28.960> space<00:56:29.440> effort 00:56:31.030 --> 00:56:31.040 align:start position:0% the russian space effort 00:56:31.040 --> 00:56:33.190 align:start position:0% the russian space effort they<00:56:31.200> had<00:56:31.440> a<00:56:31.599> large<00:56:31.920> laboratory<00:56:32.559> just<00:56:32.799> outside 00:56:33.190 --> 00:56:33.200 align:start position:0% they had a large laboratory just outside 00:56:33.200 --> 00:56:36.230 align:start position:0% they had a large laboratory just outside of<00:56:33.359> saint<00:56:33.599> petersburg 00:56:36.230 --> 00:56:36.240 align:start position:0% 00:56:36.240 --> 00:56:39.270 align:start position:0% on<00:56:36.400> this<00:56:36.880> first<00:56:37.200> visit<00:56:37.520> anyway<00:56:38.000> to<00:56:38.400> uh<00:56:38.880> on<00:56:39.119> home 00:56:39.270 --> 00:56:39.280 align:start position:0% on this first visit anyway to uh on home 00:56:39.280 --> 00:56:40.309 align:start position:0% on this first visit anyway to uh on home there<00:56:39.440> was<00:56:39.599> a<00:56:39.680> swedish 00:56:40.309 --> 00:56:40.319 align:start position:0% there was a swedish 00:56:40.319 --> 00:56:42.390 align:start position:0% there was a swedish no<00:56:40.559> no<00:56:40.720> there<00:56:40.880> was<00:56:40.960> a<00:56:41.359> finnish<00:56:41.760> company<00:56:42.160> that 00:56:42.390 --> 00:56:42.400 align:start position:0% no no there was a finnish company that 00:56:42.400 --> 00:56:43.990 align:start position:0% no no there was a finnish company that built<00:56:42.720> a<00:56:42.960> big<00:56:43.200> tractor-like 00:56:43.990 --> 00:56:44.000 align:start position:0% built a big tractor-like 00:56:44.000 --> 00:56:47.030 align:start position:0% built a big tractor-like vehicle<00:56:44.480> that<00:56:44.720> was<00:56:44.960> incredibly<00:56:46.400> powerful 00:56:47.030 --> 00:56:47.040 align:start position:0% vehicle that was incredibly powerful 00:56:47.040 --> 00:56:49.430 align:start position:0% vehicle that was incredibly powerful and<00:56:47.440> had<00:56:47.599> a<00:56:47.760> very<00:56:48.000> low<00:56:48.319> impact<00:56:48.720> on<00:56:48.880> the<00:56:49.040> soil 00:56:49.430 --> 00:56:49.440 align:start position:0% and had a very low impact on the soil 00:56:49.440 --> 00:56:51.510 align:start position:0% and had a very low impact on the soil and<00:56:49.520> they<00:56:49.680> were<00:56:50.000> presented<00:56:50.640> as<00:56:50.799> a 00:56:51.510 --> 00:56:51.520 align:start position:0% and they were presented as a 00:56:51.520 --> 00:56:54.069 align:start position:0% and they were presented as a potential<00:56:52.640> vehicle<00:56:53.040> for<00:56:53.280> robotic 00:56:54.069 --> 00:56:54.079 align:start position:0% potential vehicle for robotic 00:56:54.079 --> 00:56:55.910 align:start position:0% potential vehicle for robotic agriculture<00:56:54.720> because<00:56:55.040> it<00:56:55.119> didn't<00:56:55.359> dig<00:56:55.599> up<00:56:55.760> the 00:56:55.910 --> 00:56:55.920 align:start position:0% agriculture because it didn't dig up the 00:56:55.920 --> 00:56:56.549 align:start position:0% agriculture because it didn't dig up the earth 00:56:56.549 --> 00:56:56.559 align:start position:0% earth 00:56:56.559 --> 00:56:57.910 align:start position:0% earth and<00:56:56.720> they<00:56:56.880> were<00:56:57.040> able<00:56:57.200> to<00:56:57.280> show<00:56:57.520> that<00:56:57.680> this 00:56:57.910 --> 00:56:57.920 align:start position:0% and they were able to show that this 00:56:57.920 --> 00:56:59.430 align:start position:0% and they were able to show that this thing<00:56:58.160> could<00:56:58.319> be<00:56:58.640> driven<00:56:58.960> with<00:56:59.200> high 00:56:59.430 --> 00:56:59.440 align:start position:0% thing could be driven with high 00:56:59.440 --> 00:57:02.789 align:start position:0% thing could be driven with high precision<00:57:00.000> and<00:57:00.079> did<00:57:00.319> lots<00:57:00.559> of<00:57:00.640> nice<00:57:00.960> things 00:57:02.789 --> 00:57:02.799 align:start position:0% precision and did lots of nice things 00:57:02.799 --> 00:57:04.549 align:start position:0% precision and did lots of nice things and<00:57:02.880> i<00:57:02.960> got<00:57:03.200> interested<00:57:03.599> in<00:57:03.760> that<00:57:04.000> machine 00:57:04.549 --> 00:57:04.559 align:start position:0% and i got interested in that machine 00:57:04.559 --> 00:57:06.390 align:start position:0% and i got interested in that machine finished<00:57:04.960> up<00:57:05.200> having<00:57:05.520> one<00:57:05.760> bought 00:57:06.390 --> 00:57:06.400 align:start position:0% finished up having one bought 00:57:06.400 --> 00:57:09.990 align:start position:0% finished up having one bought at<00:57:06.880> slightly<00:57:07.280> reduced<00:57:07.680> price<00:57:08.559> around 00:57:09.990 --> 00:57:10.000 align:start position:0% at slightly reduced price around 00:57:10.000 --> 00:57:12.230 align:start position:0% at slightly reduced price around fifty<00:57:10.400> thousand<00:57:10.839> dollars<00:57:11.119> of<00:57:11.200> their<00:57:11.359> perhaps 00:57:12.230 --> 00:57:12.240 align:start position:0% fifty thousand dollars of their perhaps 00:57:12.240 --> 00:57:13.910 align:start position:0% fifty thousand dollars of their perhaps and<00:57:12.480> also<00:57:12.799> i<00:57:13.040> have<00:57:13.280> visited 00:57:13.910 --> 00:57:13.920 align:start position:0% and also i have visited 00:57:13.920 --> 00:57:17.109 align:start position:0% and also i have visited the<00:57:14.400> um<00:57:15.200> laboratory<00:57:16.000> in<00:57:16.240> saint<00:57:16.480> petersburg<00:57:17.040> it 00:57:17.109 --> 00:57:17.119 align:start position:0% the um laboratory in saint petersburg it 00:57:17.119 --> 00:57:19.109 align:start position:0% the um laboratory in saint petersburg it was<00:57:17.200> just<00:57:17.440> a<00:57:18.079> few<00:57:18.319> hundred<00:57:18.640> miles 00:57:19.109 --> 00:57:19.119 align:start position:0% was just a few hundred miles 00:57:19.119 --> 00:57:20.950 align:start position:0% was just a few hundred miles train<00:57:19.359> trip<00:57:19.599> between<00:57:20.000> helsinki<00:57:20.799> and 00:57:20.950 --> 00:57:20.960 align:start position:0% train trip between helsinki and 00:57:20.960 --> 00:57:22.309 align:start position:0% train trip between helsinki and petersburg 00:57:22.309 --> 00:57:22.319 align:start position:0% petersburg 00:57:22.319 --> 00:57:24.829 align:start position:0% petersburg and<00:57:22.720> uh<00:57:23.040> spoke<00:57:23.359> with<00:57:23.680> these<00:57:24.000> uh<00:57:24.400> russian 00:57:24.829 --> 00:57:24.839 align:start position:0% and uh spoke with these uh russian 00:57:24.839 --> 00:57:26.710 align:start position:0% and uh spoke with these uh russian engineers 00:57:26.710 --> 00:57:26.720 align:start position:0% engineers 00:57:26.720 --> 00:57:30.069 align:start position:0% engineers and<00:57:26.960> my<00:57:27.520> wife<00:57:27.920> who<00:57:28.160> is<00:57:28.559> half<00:57:28.880> russian<00:57:29.359> could 00:57:30.069 --> 00:57:30.079 align:start position:0% and my wife who is half russian could 00:57:30.079 --> 00:57:31.910 align:start position:0% and my wife who is half russian could speak<00:57:30.640> russian<00:57:30.960> with<00:57:31.200> them<00:57:31.520> she<00:57:31.680> thought<00:57:31.839> it 00:57:31.910 --> 00:57:31.920 align:start position:0% speak russian with them she thought it 00:57:31.920 --> 00:57:34.150 align:start position:0% speak russian with them she thought it was<00:57:32.079> wonderful<00:57:33.040> so<00:57:33.280> we<00:57:33.440> did<00:57:33.599> a<00:57:33.760> deal 00:57:34.150 --> 00:57:34.160 align:start position:0% was wonderful so we did a deal 00:57:34.160 --> 00:57:37.510 align:start position:0% was wonderful so we did a deal over<00:57:34.400> the<00:57:34.640> making<00:57:34.960> of<00:57:35.119> a<00:57:35.760> small<00:57:36.160> scale 00:57:37.510 --> 00:57:37.520 align:start position:0% over the making of a small scale 00:57:37.520 --> 00:57:48.390 align:start position:0% over the making of a small scale martian<00:57:37.920> robot<00:57:38.640> causing 00:57:48.390 --> 00:57:48.400 align:start position:0% 00:57:48.400 --> 00:57:51.430 align:start position:0% so<00:57:50.559> i 00:57:51.430 --> 00:57:51.440 align:start position:0% so i 00:57:51.440 --> 00:57:53.349 align:start position:0% so i went<00:57:51.760> there<00:57:52.079> i<00:57:52.319> did<00:57:52.559> a<00:57:52.640> deal<00:57:52.960> with<00:57:53.119> these 00:57:53.349 --> 00:57:53.359 align:start position:0% went there i did a deal with these 00:57:53.359 --> 00:57:55.430 align:start position:0% went there i did a deal with these engineers<00:57:54.079> and<00:57:54.240> we<00:57:54.480> finished<00:57:54.880> up 00:57:55.430 --> 00:57:55.440 align:start position:0% engineers and we finished up 00:57:55.440 --> 00:57:58.390 align:start position:0% engineers and we finished up drinking<00:57:55.839> vodka<00:57:56.240> and<00:57:56.400> eating<00:57:56.720> sausages<00:57:58.160> about 00:57:58.390 --> 00:57:58.400 align:start position:0% drinking vodka and eating sausages about 00:57:58.400 --> 00:58:00.150 align:start position:0% drinking vodka and eating sausages about 10<00:57:58.640> o'clock<00:57:58.960> at<00:57:59.040> night<00:57:59.359> in 00:58:00.150 --> 00:58:00.160 align:start position:0% 10 o'clock at night in 00:58:00.160 --> 00:58:03.750 align:start position:0% 10 o'clock at night in the<00:58:00.960> european<00:58:01.760> uh 00:58:03.750 --> 00:58:03.760 align:start position:0% the european uh 00:58:03.760 --> 00:58:05.910 align:start position:0% the european uh white<00:58:04.079> nights<00:58:04.400> area<00:58:04.640> it<00:58:04.640> was<00:58:04.880> light<00:58:05.200> until<00:58:05.520> 11 00:58:05.910 --> 00:58:05.920 align:start position:0% white nights area it was light until 11 00:58:05.920 --> 00:58:07.109 align:start position:0% white nights area it was light until 11 or<00:58:06.000> something 00:58:07.109 --> 00:58:07.119 align:start position:0% or something 00:58:07.119 --> 00:58:09.030 align:start position:0% or something and<00:58:07.359> my<00:58:07.599> wife<00:58:07.839> had<00:58:07.920> a<00:58:08.000> wonderful<00:58:08.400> time<00:58:08.640> talking 00:58:09.030 --> 00:58:09.040 align:start position:0% and my wife had a wonderful time talking 00:58:09.040 --> 00:58:10.549 align:start position:0% and my wife had a wonderful time talking religion<00:58:09.680> russian 00:58:10.549 --> 00:58:10.559 align:start position:0% religion russian 00:58:10.559 --> 00:58:12.069 align:start position:0% religion russian it's<00:58:10.720> always<00:58:10.960> a<00:58:11.040> lovely<00:58:11.440> sort<00:58:11.599> of<00:58:11.680> feeling<00:58:12.000> and 00:58:12.069 --> 00:58:12.079 align:start position:0% it's always a lovely sort of feeling and 00:58:12.079 --> 00:58:14.150 align:start position:0% it's always a lovely sort of feeling and then<00:58:12.240> subsequently<00:58:12.960> this 00:58:14.150 --> 00:58:14.160 align:start position:0% then subsequently this 00:58:14.160 --> 00:58:17.670 align:start position:0% then subsequently this robot<00:58:15.200> was<00:58:15.599> delivered<00:58:16.319> without 00:58:17.670 --> 00:58:17.680 align:start position:0% robot was delivered without 00:58:17.680 --> 00:58:20.789 align:start position:0% robot was delivered without the<00:58:17.839> motorism<00:58:19.200> to<00:58:19.440> helsinki 00:58:20.789 --> 00:58:20.799 align:start position:0% the motorism to helsinki 00:58:20.799 --> 00:58:23.270 align:start position:0% the motorism to helsinki where<00:58:21.040> my<00:58:21.520> colleague<00:58:22.079> arn<00:58:22.400> hall<00:58:22.799> fitted<00:58:23.119> it 00:58:23.270 --> 00:58:23.280 align:start position:0% where my colleague arn hall fitted it 00:58:23.280 --> 00:58:24.150 align:start position:0% where my colleague arn hall fitted it out<00:58:23.440> with 00:58:24.150 --> 00:58:24.160 align:start position:0% out with 00:58:24.160 --> 00:58:26.309 align:start position:0% out with maxon<00:58:24.720> motors<00:58:25.119> which<00:58:25.280> was<00:58:25.520> seen<00:58:25.760> as<00:58:26.000> the<00:58:26.079> best 00:58:26.309 --> 00:58:26.319 align:start position:0% maxon motors which was seen as the best 00:58:26.319 --> 00:58:27.270 align:start position:0% maxon motors which was seen as the best of<00:58:26.400> the<00:58:26.559> time 00:58:27.270 --> 00:58:27.280 align:start position:0% of the time 00:58:27.280 --> 00:58:29.829 align:start position:0% of the time and<00:58:27.520> he<00:58:27.839> then<00:58:28.079> brought<00:58:28.400> it<00:58:28.559> as<00:58:28.720> excess<00:58:29.200> baggage 00:58:29.829 --> 00:58:29.839 align:start position:0% and he then brought it as excess baggage 00:58:29.839 --> 00:58:31.270 align:start position:0% and he then brought it as excess baggage to<00:58:30.079> a<00:58:30.160> conference<00:58:30.559> he<00:58:30.640> was<00:58:30.799> attending 00:58:31.270 --> 00:58:31.280 align:start position:0% to a conference he was attending 00:58:31.280 --> 00:58:34.230 align:start position:0% to a conference he was attending straight<00:58:31.520> at<00:58:31.680> my<00:58:31.839> invitation<00:58:33.200> so<00:58:33.440> in<00:58:33.839> not<00:58:34.000> that 00:58:34.230 --> 00:58:34.240 align:start position:0% straight at my invitation so in not that 00:58:34.240 --> 00:58:35.589 align:start position:0% straight at my invitation so in not that big<00:58:34.480> was<00:58:34.720> this<00:58:34.960> big 00:58:35.589 --> 00:58:35.599 align:start position:0% big was this big 00:58:35.599 --> 00:58:38.870 align:start position:0% big was this big so<00:58:35.839> this<00:58:36.079> thing<00:58:36.319> was<00:58:38.079> something 00:58:38.870 --> 00:58:38.880 align:start position:0% so this thing was something 00:58:38.880 --> 00:58:41.910 align:start position:0% so this thing was something that<00:58:39.119> was<00:58:39.359> just<00:58:39.599> fabulous<00:58:40.160> because<00:58:41.119> it<00:58:41.280> had<00:58:41.520> a 00:58:41.910 --> 00:58:41.920 align:start position:0% that was just fabulous because it had a 00:58:41.920 --> 00:58:43.910 align:start position:0% that was just fabulous because it had a articulated<00:58:42.720> body<00:58:43.119> that<00:58:43.280> was<00:58:43.440> made<00:58:43.680> of 00:58:43.910 --> 00:58:43.920 align:start position:0% articulated body that was made of 00:58:43.920 --> 00:58:45.109 align:start position:0% articulated body that was made of aluminium 00:58:45.109 --> 00:58:45.119 align:start position:0% aluminium 00:58:45.119 --> 00:58:48.470 align:start position:0% aluminium and<00:58:45.280> had<00:58:46.079> slightly<00:58:47.599> conic 00:58:48.470 --> 00:58:48.480 align:start position:0% and had slightly conic 00:58:48.480 --> 00:58:53.510 align:start position:0% and had slightly conic wheels<00:58:48.960> that<00:58:49.119> had<00:58:50.240> special<00:58:51.200> serrated 00:58:53.510 --> 00:58:53.520 align:start position:0% wheels that had special serrated 00:58:53.520 --> 00:58:55.829 align:start position:0% wheels that had special serrated sort<00:58:53.680> of<00:58:53.920> fins<00:58:54.240> on<00:58:54.400> it<00:58:54.559> and<00:58:54.720> this<00:58:54.880> was<00:58:55.119> made<00:58:55.599> out 00:58:55.829 --> 00:58:55.839 align:start position:0% sort of fins on it and this was made out 00:58:55.839 --> 00:58:57.910 align:start position:0% sort of fins on it and this was made out of<00:58:56.079> titanium 00:58:57.910 --> 00:58:57.920 align:start position:0% of titanium 00:58:57.920 --> 00:59:01.030 align:start position:0% of titanium titanium<00:58:58.640> cannot<00:58:59.040> be<00:58:59.200> welded<00:58:59.680> so<00:59:00.160> every 00:59:01.030 --> 00:59:01.040 align:start position:0% titanium cannot be welded so every 00:59:01.040 --> 00:59:04.789 align:start position:0% titanium cannot be welded so every connection<00:59:01.520> was<00:59:01.839> a<00:59:02.480> rivet<00:59:03.359> man-made<00:59:03.839> river 00:59:04.789 --> 00:59:04.799 align:start position:0% connection was a rivet man-made river 00:59:04.799 --> 00:59:07.910 align:start position:0% connection was a rivet man-made river and<00:59:06.160> and<00:59:06.480> i<00:59:06.640> was<00:59:06.960> told<00:59:07.280> that<00:59:07.359> the<00:59:07.520> russians 00:59:07.910 --> 00:59:07.920 align:start position:0% and and i was told that the russians 00:59:07.920 --> 00:59:08.309 align:start position:0% and and i was told that the russians were 00:59:08.309 --> 00:59:08.319 align:start position:0% were 00:59:08.319 --> 00:59:10.470 align:start position:0% were really<00:59:08.559> good<00:59:08.799> at<00:59:08.960> mechanical<00:59:09.680> design<00:59:10.240> but<00:59:10.400> it 00:59:10.470 --> 00:59:10.480 align:start position:0% really good at mechanical design but it 00:59:10.480 --> 00:59:11.910 align:start position:0% really good at mechanical design but it was<00:59:10.640> better<00:59:10.960> to<00:59:11.040> get<00:59:11.200> the<00:59:11.280> instrumentation 00:59:11.910 --> 00:59:11.920 align:start position:0% was better to get the instrumentation 00:59:11.920 --> 00:59:13.670 align:start position:0% was better to get the instrumentation than<00:59:12.160> elsewhere<00:59:12.480> so<00:59:12.640> the<00:59:12.720> combination<00:59:13.280> was 00:59:13.670 --> 00:59:13.680 align:start position:0% than elsewhere so the combination was 00:59:13.680 --> 00:59:17.670 align:start position:0% than elsewhere so the combination was russian<00:59:14.079> equipment<00:59:15.280> and<00:59:16.079> and 00:59:17.670 --> 00:59:17.680 align:start position:0% russian equipment and and 00:59:17.680 --> 00:59:20.789 align:start position:0% russian equipment and and finish<00:59:18.319> setting<00:59:19.119> setting<00:59:19.359> up<00:59:19.680> the<00:59:20.319> motors<00:59:20.720> and 00:59:20.789 --> 00:59:20.799 align:start position:0% finish setting setting up the motors and 00:59:20.799 --> 00:59:21.510 align:start position:0% finish setting setting up the motors and the<00:59:20.960> light 00:59:21.510 --> 00:59:21.520 align:start position:0% the light 00:59:21.520 --> 00:59:23.349 align:start position:0% the light so<00:59:21.760> that<00:59:22.000> arrived<00:59:22.400> and<00:59:22.480> then<00:59:22.640> i<00:59:22.799> did<00:59:23.040> a<00:59:23.119> lot<00:59:23.280> of 00:59:23.349 --> 00:59:23.359 align:start position:0% so that arrived and then i did a lot of 00:59:23.359 --> 00:59:25.030 align:start position:0% so that arrived and then i did a lot of work<00:59:23.760> on<00:59:24.079> that<00:59:24.319> machine 00:59:25.030 --> 00:59:25.040 align:start position:0% work on that machine 00:59:25.040 --> 00:59:26.549 align:start position:0% work on that machine in<00:59:25.200> a<00:59:25.280> rough<00:59:25.599> environment<00:59:26.079> this<00:59:26.160> thing<00:59:26.319> could 00:59:26.549 --> 00:59:26.559 align:start position:0% in a rough environment this thing could 00:59:26.559 --> 00:59:28.549 align:start position:0% in a rough environment this thing could climb<00:59:27.680> objects 00:59:28.549 --> 00:59:28.559 align:start position:0% climb objects 00:59:28.559 --> 00:59:30.309 align:start position:0% climb objects as<00:59:28.720> big<00:59:28.880> as<00:59:29.040> its<00:59:29.280> own<00:59:29.440> wheels<00:59:29.839> just<00:59:30.000> go<00:59:30.160> over 00:59:30.309 --> 00:59:30.319 align:start position:0% as big as its own wheels just go over 00:59:30.319 --> 00:59:32.230 align:start position:0% as big as its own wheels just go over the<00:59:30.400> top<00:59:30.640> because<00:59:30.799> it<00:59:31.200> was<00:59:31.359> like<00:59:31.839> being<00:59:32.079> able 00:59:32.230 --> 00:59:32.240 align:start position:0% the top because it was like being able 00:59:32.240 --> 00:59:34.069 align:start position:0% the top because it was like being able to<00:59:32.319> articulate<00:59:32.960> over<00:59:33.200> the<00:59:33.280> body 00:59:34.069 --> 00:59:34.079 align:start position:0% to articulate over the body 00:59:34.079 --> 00:59:38.710 align:start position:0% to articulate over the body and<00:59:35.119> i<00:59:35.280> don't<00:59:35.440> know<00:59:35.520> if<00:59:35.680> he<00:59:35.760> spoke<00:59:36.079> to 00:59:38.710 --> 00:59:38.720 align:start position:0% 00:59:38.720 --> 00:59:42.150 align:start position:0% raja<00:59:39.200> chatilla<00:59:40.400> but<00:59:40.640> he<00:59:40.880> had<00:59:41.440> full<00:59:41.680> scale<00:59:42.000> one 00:59:42.150 --> 00:59:42.160 align:start position:0% raja chatilla but he had full scale one 00:59:42.160 --> 00:59:43.589 align:start position:0% raja chatilla but he had full scale one of<00:59:42.240> these<00:59:42.400> for<00:59:42.559> many<00:59:42.799> years<00:59:43.119> in<00:59:43.200> a<00:59:43.280> project 00:59:43.589 --> 00:59:43.599 align:start position:0% of these for many years in a project 00:59:43.599 --> 00:59:44.150 align:start position:0% of these for many years in a project they<00:59:43.839> had 00:59:44.150 --> 00:59:44.160 align:start position:0% they had 00:59:44.160 --> 00:59:46.549 align:start position:0% they had called<00:59:44.480> eden<00:59:45.599> and<00:59:45.760> he<00:59:46.000> will<00:59:46.079> tell<00:59:46.240> you<00:59:46.400> how 00:59:46.549 --> 00:59:46.559 align:start position:0% called eden and he will tell you how 00:59:46.559 --> 00:59:48.309 align:start position:0% called eden and he will tell you how wonderful<00:59:46.960> this<00:59:47.200> design<00:59:47.599> was<00:59:47.760> he<00:59:47.920> had<00:59:48.000> a<00:59:48.079> more 00:59:48.309 --> 00:59:48.319 align:start position:0% wonderful this design was he had a more 00:59:48.319 --> 00:59:49.910 align:start position:0% wonderful this design was he had a more sophisticated<00:59:48.960> one<00:59:49.119> that<00:59:49.280> could<00:59:49.440> extend 00:59:49.910 --> 00:59:49.920 align:start position:0% sophisticated one that could extend 00:59:49.920 --> 00:59:52.069 align:start position:0% sophisticated one that could extend the<00:59:50.400> wheels<00:59:50.720> as<00:59:50.799> well<00:59:51.040> but<00:59:51.520> i<00:59:51.760> had<00:59:51.839> a<00:59:51.839> lot<00:59:52.000> of 00:59:52.069 --> 00:59:52.079 align:start position:0% the wheels as well but i had a lot of 00:59:52.079 --> 00:59:53.670 align:start position:0% the wheels as well but i had a lot of fun<00:59:52.319> with<00:59:52.480> that<00:59:52.720> over<00:59:52.960> a<00:59:53.040> number<00:59:53.280> of<00:59:53.280> years<00:59:53.520> so 00:59:53.670 --> 00:59:53.680 align:start position:0% fun with that over a number of years so 00:59:53.680 --> 00:59:55.030 align:start position:0% fun with that over a number of years so that<00:59:53.920> so<00:59:54.160> the 00:59:55.030 --> 00:59:55.040 align:start position:0% that so the 00:59:55.040 --> 00:59:57.270 align:start position:0% that so the the<00:59:55.200> big<00:59:55.440> track<00:59:55.760> machine<00:59:56.319> and<00:59:56.640> and<00:59:56.960> the 00:59:57.270 --> 00:59:57.280 align:start position:0% the big track machine and and the 00:59:57.280 --> 00:59:58.470 align:start position:0% the big track machine and and the martian 00:59:58.470 --> 00:59:58.480 align:start position:0% martian 00:59:58.480 --> 01:00:02.470 align:start position:0% martian rover<00:59:58.960> with<00:59:59.280> two<00:59:59.440> of<00:59:59.599> my<01:00:00.319> key<01:00:01.440> experiments<01:00:02.160> and 01:00:02.470 --> 01:00:02.480 align:start position:0% rover with two of my key experiments and 01:00:02.480 --> 01:00:04.549 align:start position:0% rover with two of my key experiments and a<01:00:02.559> lot<01:00:02.720> of<01:00:02.880> sensory<01:00:03.680> stuff<01:00:04.079> and<01:00:04.240> then<01:00:04.400> trying 01:00:04.549 --> 01:00:04.559 align:start position:0% a lot of sensory stuff and then trying 01:00:04.559 --> 01:00:06.390 align:start position:0% a lot of sensory stuff and then trying to<01:00:04.640> work<01:00:04.880> out<01:00:05.040> how<01:00:05.200> to<01:00:05.280> navigate<01:00:05.839> how<01:00:06.000> to 01:00:06.390 --> 01:00:06.400 align:start position:0% to work out how to navigate how to 01:00:06.400 --> 01:00:09.270 align:start position:0% to work out how to navigate how to climb<01:00:06.799> things<01:00:07.040> how<01:00:07.280> to<01:00:08.480> build<01:00:08.720> models<01:00:09.119> the 01:00:09.270 --> 01:00:09.280 align:start position:0% climb things how to build models the 01:00:09.280 --> 01:00:11.109 align:start position:0% climb things how to build models the environment 01:00:11.109 --> 01:00:11.119 align:start position:0% environment 01:00:11.119 --> 01:00:15.589 align:start position:0% environment and<01:00:11.520> i<01:00:13.520> extended<01:00:14.079> some<01:00:14.319> ideas<01:00:14.799> i<01:00:14.880> had<01:00:15.119> on<01:00:15.280> path 01:00:15.589 --> 01:00:15.599 align:start position:0% and i extended some ideas i had on path 01:00:15.599 --> 01:00:17.190 align:start position:0% and i extended some ideas i had on path planning 01:00:17.190 --> 01:00:17.200 align:start position:0% planning 01:00:17.200 --> 01:00:20.309 align:start position:0% planning originally<01:00:17.760> in<01:00:17.920> about<01:00:18.359> 1984<01:00:19.599> and<01:00:19.760> used<01:00:20.079> it 01:00:20.309 --> 01:00:20.319 align:start position:0% originally in about 1984 and used it 01:00:20.319 --> 01:00:21.750 align:start position:0% originally in about 1984 and used it over<01:00:20.640> and<01:00:20.720> over<01:00:20.960> again<01:00:21.280> in<01:00:21.359> different 01:00:21.750 --> 01:00:21.760 align:start position:0% over and over again in different 01:00:21.760 --> 01:00:23.270 align:start position:0% over and over again in different circumstances<01:00:22.400> america<01:00:22.799> and<01:00:22.880> talk<01:00:23.119> about 01:00:23.270 --> 01:00:23.280 align:start position:0% circumstances america and talk about 01:00:23.280 --> 01:00:24.549 align:start position:0% circumstances america and talk about that 01:00:24.549 --> 01:00:24.559 align:start position:0% that 01:00:24.559 --> 01:00:27.270 align:start position:0% that this<01:00:24.799> methodology<01:00:25.760> is<01:00:26.400> based<01:00:26.720> on<01:00:26.880> an<01:00:27.040> idea 01:00:27.270 --> 01:00:27.280 align:start position:0% this methodology is based on an idea 01:00:27.280 --> 01:00:27.990 align:start position:0% this methodology is based on an idea called<01:00:27.520> distance 01:00:27.990 --> 01:00:28.000 align:start position:0% called distance 01:00:28.000 --> 01:00:31.829 align:start position:0% called distance transforms<01:00:30.160> distance<01:00:30.640> transform<01:00:31.280> started 01:00:31.829 --> 01:00:31.839 align:start position:0% transforms distance transform started 01:00:31.839 --> 01:00:32.150 align:start position:0% transforms distance transform started out 01:00:32.150 --> 01:00:32.160 align:start position:0% out 01:00:32.160 --> 01:00:35.510 align:start position:0% out as<01:00:32.400> a<01:00:32.480> way<01:00:32.640> of<01:00:32.799> analyzing<01:00:33.599> binary<01:00:34.160> images 01:00:35.510 --> 01:00:35.520 align:start position:0% as a way of analyzing binary images 01:00:35.520 --> 01:00:38.630 align:start position:0% as a way of analyzing binary images and<01:00:36.240> the<01:00:36.480> two<01:00:36.960> key<01:00:37.200> people<01:00:37.520> were 01:00:38.630 --> 01:00:38.640 align:start position:0% and the two key people were 01:00:38.640 --> 01:00:42.390 align:start position:0% and the two key people were asleep<01:00:39.200> rosenfeld<01:00:40.160> and<01:00:41.359> john<01:00:41.760> phelps<01:00:42.079> i<01:00:42.160> think 01:00:42.390 --> 01:00:42.400 align:start position:0% asleep rosenfeld and john phelps i think 01:00:42.400 --> 01:00:44.150 align:start position:0% asleep rosenfeld and john phelps i think with<01:00:42.559> the<01:00:42.559> university<01:00:42.960> of<01:00:43.040> maryland 01:00:44.150 --> 01:00:44.160 align:start position:0% with the university of maryland 01:00:44.160 --> 01:00:46.390 align:start position:0% with the university of maryland identified<01:00:44.960> the<01:00:45.119> time<01:00:45.359> but<01:00:45.520> this<01:00:45.760> became 01:00:46.390 --> 01:00:46.400 align:start position:0% identified the time but this became 01:00:46.400 --> 01:00:47.349 align:start position:0% identified the time but this became famous 01:00:47.349 --> 01:00:47.359 align:start position:0% famous 01:00:47.359 --> 01:00:52.069 align:start position:0% famous stuff<01:00:47.839> on<01:00:48.079> how<01:00:48.240> to<01:00:48.480> analyze<01:00:49.040> binary<01:00:49.599> images 01:00:52.069 --> 01:00:52.079 align:start position:0% 01:00:52.079 --> 01:00:55.030 align:start position:0% and<01:00:52.640> their<01:00:53.520> interest<01:00:53.920> was<01:00:54.480> if<01:00:54.640> you're<01:00:54.799> looking 01:00:55.030 --> 01:00:55.040 align:start position:0% and their interest was if you're looking 01:00:55.040 --> 01:00:56.069 align:start position:0% and their interest was if you're looking into<01:00:55.280> a<01:00:55.359> microscope 01:00:56.069 --> 01:00:56.079 align:start position:0% into a microscope 01:00:56.079 --> 01:00:57.670 align:start position:0% into a microscope and<01:00:56.240> you<01:00:56.319> could<01:00:56.480> see<01:00:56.640> the<01:00:56.799> outline<01:00:57.280> of<01:00:57.359> the 01:00:57.670 --> 01:00:57.680 align:start position:0% and you could see the outline of the 01:00:57.680 --> 01:00:59.510 align:start position:0% and you could see the outline of the cell<01:00:58.640> how<01:00:58.880> would<01:00:59.119> you 01:00:59.510 --> 01:00:59.520 align:start position:0% cell how would you 01:00:59.520 --> 01:01:01.270 align:start position:0% cell how would you make<01:00:59.760> some<01:00:59.920> measurements<01:01:00.400> about<01:01:00.799> the<01:01:01.040> shape 01:01:01.270 --> 01:01:01.280 align:start position:0% make some measurements about the shape 01:01:01.280 --> 01:01:03.349 align:start position:0% make some measurements about the shape of<01:01:01.440> that<01:01:01.680> cell<01:01:02.079> and<01:01:02.319> its<01:01:02.640> volume<01:01:03.040> and<01:01:03.119> so<01:01:03.280> on 01:01:03.349 --> 01:01:03.359 align:start position:0% of that cell and its volume and so on 01:01:03.359 --> 01:01:05.349 align:start position:0% of that cell and its volume and so on one<01:01:03.599> of<01:01:03.760> the<01:01:04.000> ideas<01:01:04.400> was<01:01:04.559> to 01:01:05.349 --> 01:01:05.359 align:start position:0% one of the ideas was to 01:01:05.359 --> 01:01:07.430 align:start position:0% one of the ideas was to use<01:01:05.599> what's<01:01:05.839> called<01:01:06.160> a<01:01:06.240> grass<01:01:06.640> fire<01:01:07.119> gonna 01:01:07.430 --> 01:01:07.440 align:start position:0% use what's called a grass fire gonna 01:01:07.440 --> 01:01:08.470 align:start position:0% use what's called a grass fire gonna bring<01:01:07.680> light 01:01:08.470 --> 01:01:08.480 align:start position:0% bring light 01:01:08.480 --> 01:01:10.069 align:start position:0% bring light fire<01:01:08.720> around<01:01:08.960> the<01:01:09.040> proof<01:01:09.280> or<01:01:09.359> you<01:01:09.440> let<01:01:09.599> it<01:01:09.760> grow 01:01:10.069 --> 01:01:10.079 align:start position:0% fire around the proof or you let it grow 01:01:10.079 --> 01:01:12.230 align:start position:0% fire around the proof or you let it grow inwards<01:01:10.559> and<01:01:10.720> you<01:01:10.960> mark 01:01:12.230 --> 01:01:12.240 align:start position:0% inwards and you mark 01:01:12.240 --> 01:01:16.309 align:start position:0% inwards and you mark the<01:01:12.559> path<01:01:13.040> of<01:01:13.200> this<01:01:14.960> trajectory<01:01:15.680> towards<01:01:16.160> the 01:01:16.309 --> 01:01:16.319 align:start position:0% the path of this trajectory towards the 01:01:16.319 --> 01:01:17.750 align:start position:0% the path of this trajectory towards the inside<01:01:16.640> that<01:01:16.799> was<01:01:16.960> called<01:01:17.119> a<01:01:17.280> distance 01:01:17.750 --> 01:01:17.760 align:start position:0% inside that was called a distance 01:01:17.760 --> 01:01:18.870 align:start position:0% inside that was called a distance transform<01:01:18.319> because 01:01:18.870 --> 01:01:18.880 align:start position:0% transform because 01:01:18.880 --> 01:01:20.870 align:start position:0% transform because the<01:01:19.040> outer<01:01:19.359> layer<01:01:19.599> was<01:01:19.839> zero<01:01:20.240> the<01:01:20.400> next<01:01:20.640> layer 01:01:20.870 --> 01:01:20.880 align:start position:0% the outer layer was zero the next layer 01:01:20.880 --> 01:01:22.150 align:start position:0% the outer layer was zero the next layer would<01:01:21.040> call<01:01:21.599> one 01:01:22.150 --> 01:01:22.160 align:start position:0% would call one 01:01:22.160 --> 01:01:24.150 align:start position:0% would call one two<01:01:22.480> three<01:01:22.720> and<01:01:22.880> you<01:01:22.960> got<01:01:23.200> into<01:01:23.359> the<01:01:23.520> center 01:01:24.150 --> 01:01:24.160 align:start position:0% two three and you got into the center 01:01:24.160 --> 01:01:26.230 align:start position:0% two three and you got into the center and<01:01:24.480> you<01:01:24.640> could<01:01:24.880> do<01:01:25.040> a<01:01:25.119> lot<01:01:25.280> of<01:01:25.440> computation 01:01:26.230 --> 01:01:26.240 align:start position:0% and you could do a lot of computation 01:01:26.240 --> 01:01:28.789 align:start position:0% and you could do a lot of computation on<01:01:26.480> those<01:01:26.720> numbers<01:01:27.599> to<01:01:27.760> work<01:01:28.079> out<01:01:28.319> things<01:01:28.640> like 01:01:28.789 --> 01:01:28.799 align:start position:0% on those numbers to work out things like 01:01:28.799 --> 01:01:29.990 align:start position:0% on those numbers to work out things like the<01:01:29.040> area 01:01:29.990 --> 01:01:30.000 align:start position:0% the area 01:01:30.000 --> 01:01:33.430 align:start position:0% the area uh<01:01:30.319> the<01:01:30.559> the<01:01:30.799> uh<01:01:32.480> amount<01:01:32.960> of 01:01:33.430 --> 01:01:33.440 align:start position:0% uh the the uh amount of 01:01:33.440 --> 01:01:36.069 align:start position:0% uh the the uh amount of the<01:01:34.400> the<01:01:34.640> ratio<01:01:35.040> of<01:01:35.119> the<01:01:35.280> perimeter<01:01:35.760> to<01:01:35.920> the 01:01:36.069 --> 01:01:36.079 align:start position:0% the the ratio of the perimeter to the 01:01:36.079 --> 01:01:37.750 align:start position:0% the the ratio of the perimeter to the area<01:01:36.400> and<01:01:36.559> these<01:01:36.720> sorts<01:01:36.960> of<01:01:37.040> things 01:01:37.750 --> 01:01:37.760 align:start position:0% area and these sorts of things 01:01:37.760 --> 01:01:40.150 align:start position:0% area and these sorts of things and<01:01:38.000> general<01:01:38.480> shape<01:01:38.799> and<01:01:39.040> you<01:01:39.280> could<01:01:39.599> actually 01:01:40.150 --> 01:01:40.160 align:start position:0% and general shape and you could actually 01:01:40.160 --> 01:01:41.829 align:start position:0% and general shape and you could actually take<01:01:40.319> the<01:01:40.559> skeleton<01:01:41.200> so 01:01:41.829 --> 01:01:41.839 align:start position:0% take the skeleton so 01:01:41.839 --> 01:01:44.150 align:start position:0% take the skeleton so a<01:01:42.400> kind<01:01:42.640> of<01:01:42.799> compressed<01:01:43.359> version<01:01:43.680> of<01:01:43.760> this<01:01:44.000> and 01:01:44.150 --> 01:01:44.160 align:start position:0% a kind of compressed version of this and 01:01:44.160 --> 01:01:46.150 align:start position:0% a kind of compressed version of this and recreate<01:01:44.720> the<01:01:44.880> original<01:01:45.280> song 01:01:46.150 --> 01:01:46.160 align:start position:0% recreate the original song 01:01:46.160 --> 01:01:48.870 align:start position:0% recreate the original song so<01:01:46.400> my<01:01:46.640> idea<01:01:47.040> was<01:01:47.280> to<01:01:47.599> turn<01:01:48.000> the<01:01:48.319> algorithm 01:01:48.870 --> 01:01:48.880 align:start position:0% so my idea was to turn the algorithm 01:01:48.880 --> 01:01:50.789 align:start position:0% so my idea was to turn the algorithm inside<01:01:49.359> out<01:01:49.680> and<01:01:49.839> say 01:01:50.789 --> 01:01:50.799 align:start position:0% inside out and say 01:01:50.799 --> 01:01:55.190 align:start position:0% inside out and say how<01:01:50.960> do<01:01:51.119> i<01:01:51.359> get<01:01:51.599> this<01:01:52.319> same<01:01:52.960> type<01:01:53.359> of 01:01:55.190 --> 01:01:55.200 align:start position:0% how do i get this same type of 01:01:55.200 --> 01:01:58.630 align:start position:0% how do i get this same type of propagation<01:01:55.920> arrow<01:01:56.400> to<01:01:57.119> work<01:01:57.599> on<01:01:57.680> the<01:01:57.920> outside 01:01:58.630 --> 01:01:58.640 align:start position:0% propagation arrow to work on the outside 01:01:58.640 --> 01:02:01.029 align:start position:0% propagation arrow to work on the outside of<01:01:58.799> things<01:01:59.119> which<01:01:59.359> i<01:01:59.520> call<01:01:59.760> obstacles 01:02:01.029 --> 01:02:01.039 align:start position:0% of things which i call obstacles 01:02:01.039 --> 01:02:03.510 align:start position:0% of things which i call obstacles so<01:02:01.280> my<01:02:01.599> breakthrough<01:02:02.240> was<01:02:02.960> turning<01:02:03.280> that 01:02:03.510 --> 01:02:03.520 align:start position:0% so my breakthrough was turning that 01:02:03.520 --> 01:02:04.950 align:start position:0% so my breakthrough was turning that algorithm<01:02:03.920> inside<01:02:04.319> out 01:02:04.950 --> 01:02:04.960 align:start position:0% algorithm inside out 01:02:04.960 --> 01:02:06.630 align:start position:0% algorithm inside out and<01:02:05.119> having<01:02:05.440> something<01:02:05.760> that<01:02:06.000> propagated 01:02:06.630 --> 01:02:06.640 align:start position:0% and having something that propagated 01:02:06.640 --> 01:02:08.710 align:start position:0% and having something that propagated distance<01:02:07.440> in<01:02:07.520> such<01:02:07.760> a<01:02:07.839> way<01:02:08.000> that<01:02:08.319> flowed 01:02:08.710 --> 01:02:08.720 align:start position:0% distance in such a way that flowed 01:02:08.720 --> 01:02:09.109 align:start position:0% distance in such a way that flowed around 01:02:09.109 --> 01:02:09.119 align:start position:0% around 01:02:09.119 --> 01:02:12.710 align:start position:0% around obstacles<01:02:10.640> and<01:02:11.119> it<01:02:11.440> gave<01:02:11.760> you<01:02:12.000> a<01:02:12.160> very<01:02:12.400> very 01:02:12.710 --> 01:02:12.720 align:start position:0% obstacles and it gave you a very very 01:02:12.720 --> 01:02:13.750 align:start position:0% obstacles and it gave you a very very simple<01:02:13.039> way<01:02:13.359> of 01:02:13.750 --> 01:02:13.760 align:start position:0% simple way of 01:02:13.760 --> 01:02:16.789 align:start position:0% simple way of global<01:02:14.720> path<01:02:14.960> planning<01:02:16.000> because<01:02:16.400> after<01:02:16.640> you 01:02:16.789 --> 01:02:16.799 align:start position:0% global path planning because after you 01:02:16.799 --> 01:02:17.349 align:start position:0% global path planning because after you sort<01:02:17.039> of 01:02:17.349 --> 01:02:17.359 align:start position:0% sort of 01:02:17.359 --> 01:02:20.789 align:start position:0% sort of had<01:02:17.599> a<01:02:17.839> start<01:02:18.240> point<01:02:19.119> and<01:02:19.359> grew<01:02:20.000> distance<01:02:20.480> out 01:02:20.789 --> 01:02:20.799 align:start position:0% had a start point and grew distance out 01:02:20.799 --> 01:02:22.390 align:start position:0% had a start point and grew distance out from<01:02:20.960> that<01:02:21.200> all<01:02:21.440> around<01:02:21.599> the<01:02:21.760> obstacles<01:02:22.319> you 01:02:22.390 --> 01:02:22.400 align:start position:0% from that all around the obstacles you 01:02:22.400 --> 01:02:24.069 align:start position:0% from that all around the obstacles you now<01:02:22.559> had<01:02:22.880> all<01:02:22.960> this<01:02:23.200> free<01:02:23.440> space<01:02:23.839> all<01:02:24.000> the 01:02:24.069 --> 01:02:24.079 align:start position:0% now had all this free space all the 01:02:24.079 --> 01:02:25.190 align:start position:0% now had all this free space all the places<01:02:24.400> the<01:02:24.559> robot 01:02:25.190 --> 01:02:25.200 align:start position:0% places the robot 01:02:25.200 --> 01:02:27.270 align:start position:0% places the robot could<01:02:25.440> go<01:02:26.000> with<01:02:26.240> a<01:02:26.400> number<01:02:26.720> on<01:02:26.880> it<01:02:27.039> saying 01:02:27.270 --> 01:02:27.280 align:start position:0% could go with a number on it saying 01:02:27.280 --> 01:02:29.829 align:start position:0% could go with a number on it saying precisely<01:02:27.920> how<01:02:28.079> many<01:02:28.240> steps<01:02:28.640> to<01:02:28.720> the<01:02:28.880> gulf 01:02:29.829 --> 01:02:29.839 align:start position:0% precisely how many steps to the gulf 01:02:29.839 --> 01:02:32.150 align:start position:0% precisely how many steps to the gulf and<01:02:30.000> if<01:02:30.160> you<01:02:30.240> went<01:02:30.480> down<01:02:31.359> the<01:02:31.520> quickest<01:02:31.920> way 01:02:32.150 --> 01:02:32.160 align:start position:0% and if you went down the quickest way 01:02:32.160 --> 01:02:34.549 align:start position:0% and if you went down the quickest way you<01:02:32.319> will<01:02:32.480> guarantee<01:02:33.039> a<01:02:33.119> global<01:02:33.920> solution 01:02:34.549 --> 01:02:34.559 align:start position:0% you will guarantee a global solution 01:02:34.559 --> 01:02:37.510 align:start position:0% you will guarantee a global solution so<01:02:34.799> that<01:02:34.960> was<01:02:35.119> mighty<01:02:35.440> in<01:02:35.520> 1984<01:02:36.880> and<01:02:37.119> i<01:02:37.280> found 01:02:37.510 --> 01:02:37.520 align:start position:0% so that was mighty in 1984 and i found 01:02:37.520 --> 01:02:39.109 align:start position:0% so that was mighty in 1984 and i found you<01:02:37.680> could<01:02:37.839> extend<01:02:38.160> it<01:02:38.240> to<01:02:38.319> any<01:02:38.559> dimension<01:02:38.960> so 01:02:39.109 --> 01:02:39.119 align:start position:0% you could extend it to any dimension so 01:02:39.119 --> 01:02:40.390 align:start position:0% you could extend it to any dimension so i<01:02:39.200> actually<01:02:39.359> had<01:02:39.520> a<01:02:39.599> three-dimensional<01:02:40.319> in 01:02:40.390 --> 01:02:40.400 align:start position:0% i actually had a three-dimensional in 01:02:40.400 --> 01:02:40.950 align:start position:0% i actually had a three-dimensional in fact 01:02:40.950 --> 01:02:40.960 align:start position:0% fact 01:02:40.960 --> 01:02:43.430 align:start position:0% fact one<01:02:41.200> of<01:02:41.280> the<01:02:41.440> very<01:02:41.760> i<01:02:41.839> think<01:02:42.079> the<01:02:42.160> first<01:02:42.480> isr<01:02:43.280> i 01:02:43.430 --> 01:02:43.440 align:start position:0% one of the very i think the first isr i 01:02:43.440 --> 01:02:45.109 align:start position:0% one of the very i think the first isr i came<01:02:43.760> and<01:02:43.839> presented<01:02:44.319> the<01:02:44.480> three-dimensional 01:02:45.109 --> 01:02:45.119 align:start position:0% came and presented the three-dimensional 01:02:45.119 --> 01:02:46.950 align:start position:0% came and presented the three-dimensional version<01:02:45.440> of<01:02:45.520> that 01:02:46.950 --> 01:02:46.960 align:start position:0% version of that 01:02:46.960 --> 01:02:49.349 align:start position:0% version of that uh<01:02:47.280> and<01:02:47.599> this<01:02:48.160> algorithm<01:02:48.720> has<01:02:48.960> been 01:02:49.349 --> 01:02:49.359 align:start position:0% uh and this algorithm has been 01:02:49.359 --> 01:02:50.549 align:start position:0% uh and this algorithm has been reinvented 01:02:50.549 --> 01:02:50.559 align:start position:0% reinvented 01:02:50.559 --> 01:02:53.109 align:start position:0% reinvented several<01:02:50.960> times<01:02:51.920> uh<01:02:52.160> once<01:02:52.400> or<01:02:52.480> twice<01:02:52.799> even<01:02:53.039> in 01:02:53.109 --> 01:02:53.119 align:start position:0% several times uh once or twice even in 01:02:53.119 --> 01:02:54.390 align:start position:0% several times uh once or twice even in my<01:02:53.359> presence<01:02:53.680> you<01:02:53.760> know<01:02:53.839> i've<01:02:54.000> actually<01:02:54.240> been 01:02:54.390 --> 01:02:54.400 align:start position:0% my presence you know i've actually been 01:02:54.400 --> 01:02:56.069 align:start position:0% my presence you know i've actually been in<01:02:54.559> a<01:02:54.640> room<01:02:54.960> where<01:02:55.119> someone<01:02:55.520> said<01:02:55.760> i've 01:02:56.069 --> 01:02:56.079 align:start position:0% in a room where someone said i've 01:02:56.079 --> 01:02:57.270 align:start position:0% in a room where someone said i've discovered<01:02:56.559> this<01:02:56.799> and 01:02:57.270 --> 01:02:57.280 align:start position:0% discovered this and 01:02:57.280 --> 01:03:00.390 align:start position:0% discovered this and fortunately<01:02:57.760> some<01:02:59.359> you<01:02:59.520> know<01:02:59.839> gallant 01:03:00.390 --> 01:03:00.400 align:start position:0% fortunately some you know gallant 01:03:00.400 --> 01:03:02.870 align:start position:0% fortunately some you know gallant uh<01:03:00.720> colleague<01:03:01.119> has<01:03:01.200> gone<01:03:01.440> up<01:03:01.599> and<01:03:01.760> said<01:03:01.920> hey<01:03:02.720> it 01:03:02.870 --> 01:03:02.880 align:start position:0% uh colleague has gone up and said hey it 01:03:02.880 --> 01:03:04.630 align:start position:0% uh colleague has gone up and said hey it was<01:03:03.039> done<01:03:03.280> 10<01:03:03.520> years<01:03:03.680> ago 01:03:04.630 --> 01:03:04.640 align:start position:0% was done 10 years ago 01:03:04.640 --> 01:03:07.750 align:start position:0% was done 10 years ago so<01:03:04.880> this<01:03:05.680> algorithm<01:03:06.720> turns<01:03:07.039> out<01:03:07.280> that<01:03:07.440> you<01:03:07.520> can 01:03:07.750 --> 01:03:07.760 align:start position:0% so this algorithm turns out that you can 01:03:07.760 --> 01:03:08.950 align:start position:0% so this algorithm turns out that you can extend<01:03:08.160> it<01:03:08.240> so 01:03:08.950 --> 01:03:08.960 align:start position:0% extend it so 01:03:08.960 --> 01:03:10.870 align:start position:0% extend it so one<01:03:09.119> of<01:03:09.200> the<01:03:09.359> extensions<01:03:09.920> i<01:03:10.079> did<01:03:10.480> was<01:03:10.640> with<01:03:10.799> a 01:03:10.870 --> 01:03:10.880 align:start position:0% one of the extensions i did was with a 01:03:10.880 --> 01:03:12.549 align:start position:0% one of the extensions i did was with a student<01:03:11.200> of<01:03:11.280> mine<01:03:11.440> about<01:03:11.760> five<01:03:12.000> years<01:03:12.240> ago 01:03:12.549 --> 01:03:12.559 align:start position:0% student of mine about five years ago 01:03:12.559 --> 01:03:13.510 align:start position:0% student of mine about five years ago where<01:03:12.799> i<01:03:12.960> said 01:03:13.510 --> 01:03:13.520 align:start position:0% where i said 01:03:13.520 --> 01:03:16.630 align:start position:0% where i said instead<01:03:13.839> of<01:03:14.000> finding<01:03:14.480> paths<01:03:15.359> simply<01:03:15.839> from 01:03:16.630 --> 01:03:16.640 align:start position:0% instead of finding paths simply from 01:03:16.640 --> 01:03:20.390 align:start position:0% instead of finding paths simply from a<01:03:16.799> to<01:03:16.960> b<01:03:18.319> what<01:03:18.559> if<01:03:18.720> you<01:03:18.799> had<01:03:18.960> to<01:03:19.200> go<01:03:19.520> from<01:03:19.680> a<01:03:19.839> to<01:03:20.000> b 01:03:20.390 --> 01:03:20.400 align:start position:0% a to b what if you had to go from a to b 01:03:20.400 --> 01:03:23.750 align:start position:0% a to b what if you had to go from a to b but<01:03:21.200> be<01:03:22.640> unseen 01:03:23.750 --> 01:03:23.760 align:start position:0% but be unseen 01:03:23.760 --> 01:03:26.150 align:start position:0% but be unseen from<01:03:24.000> most<01:03:24.400> positions<01:03:24.960> most<01:03:25.200> of<01:03:25.280> the<01:03:25.440> time<01:03:25.920> so 01:03:26.150 --> 01:03:26.160 align:start position:0% from most positions most of the time so 01:03:26.160 --> 01:03:28.309 align:start position:0% from most positions most of the time so what<01:03:26.319> i<01:03:26.480> call<01:03:26.720> covert<01:03:27.359> paths 01:03:28.309 --> 01:03:28.319 align:start position:0% what i call covert paths 01:03:28.319 --> 01:03:30.870 align:start position:0% what i call covert paths so<01:03:28.720> had<01:03:29.039> applications<01:03:29.760> in<01:03:30.000> in<01:03:30.160> security<01:03:30.720> how 01:03:30.870 --> 01:03:30.880 align:start position:0% so had applications in in security how 01:03:30.880 --> 01:03:31.829 align:start position:0% so had applications in in security how to<01:03:31.039> get<01:03:31.119> from<01:03:31.359> a<01:03:31.440> to<01:03:31.599> b 01:03:31.829 --> 01:03:31.839 align:start position:0% to get from a to b 01:03:31.839 --> 01:03:35.430 align:start position:0% to get from a to b to<01:03:32.000> be<01:03:32.319> the<01:03:32.559> least<01:03:33.520> detectable<01:03:34.799> and<01:03:34.960> then 01:03:35.430 --> 01:03:35.440 align:start position:0% to be the least detectable and then 01:03:35.440 --> 01:03:38.630 align:start position:0% to be the least detectable and then how<01:03:35.599> to<01:03:35.760> go<01:03:36.079> to<01:03:36.240> a<01:03:36.319> for<01:03:36.480> b<01:03:36.720> if<01:03:36.880> you<01:03:36.960> knew<01:03:37.520> uh 01:03:38.630 --> 01:03:38.640 align:start position:0% how to go to a for b if you knew uh 01:03:38.640 --> 01:03:40.390 align:start position:0% how to go to a for b if you knew uh a<01:03:38.799> century<01:03:39.359> looking<01:03:39.599> for<01:03:39.760> you<01:03:40.000> has<01:03:40.160> entered 01:03:40.390 --> 01:03:40.400 align:start position:0% a century looking for you has entered 01:03:40.400 --> 01:03:42.150 align:start position:0% a century looking for you has entered that<01:03:40.720> door<01:03:41.039> and<01:03:41.200> it's<01:03:41.359> going<01:03:41.599> to<01:03:41.839> move 01:03:42.150 --> 01:03:42.160 align:start position:0% that door and it's going to move 01:03:42.160 --> 01:03:43.829 align:start position:0% that door and it's going to move probabilistically<01:03:43.039> through<01:03:43.200> the<01:03:43.359> space 01:03:43.829 --> 01:03:43.839 align:start position:0% probabilistically through the space 01:03:43.839 --> 01:03:44.789 align:start position:0% probabilistically through the space where<01:03:44.079> should<01:03:44.319> you<01:03:44.480> go 01:03:44.789 --> 01:03:44.799 align:start position:0% where should you go 01:03:44.799 --> 01:03:47.349 align:start position:0% where should you go to<01:03:45.200> find<01:03:45.359> a<01:03:45.440> hiding<01:03:46.160> place<01:03:46.799> where<01:03:47.039> should<01:03:47.280> you 01:03:47.349 --> 01:03:47.359 align:start position:0% to find a hiding place where should you 01:03:47.359 --> 01:03:49.190 align:start position:0% to find a hiding place where should you go<01:03:47.599> if<01:03:47.680> you<01:03:47.760> need<01:03:47.920> to<01:03:48.160> escape<01:03:48.559> from<01:03:48.799> hiding 01:03:49.190 --> 01:03:49.200 align:start position:0% go if you need to escape from hiding 01:03:49.200 --> 01:03:50.069 align:start position:0% go if you need to escape from hiding place 01:03:50.069 --> 01:03:50.079 align:start position:0% place 01:03:50.079 --> 01:03:53.190 align:start position:0% place and<01:03:50.240> then<01:03:50.400> that<01:03:50.640> extended<01:03:51.200> onto<01:03:52.559> you<01:03:52.799> are<01:03:52.960> in<01:03:53.119> a 01:03:53.190 --> 01:03:53.200 align:start position:0% and then that extended onto you are in a 01:03:53.200 --> 01:03:54.630 align:start position:0% and then that extended onto you are in a disaster<01:03:53.920> zone 01:03:54.630 --> 01:03:54.640 align:start position:0% disaster zone 01:03:54.640 --> 01:03:58.549 align:start position:0% disaster zone where<01:03:55.119> should<01:03:55.359> you<01:03:55.520> look<01:03:55.839> for<01:03:56.559> victims<01:03:57.359> of<01:03:57.599> a 01:03:58.549 --> 01:03:58.559 align:start position:0% where should you look for victims of a 01:03:58.559 --> 01:04:00.789 align:start position:0% where should you look for victims of a earthquake<01:03:59.760> and<01:03:59.920> again<01:04:00.240> how<01:04:00.400> do<01:04:00.480> you<01:04:00.559> find 01:04:00.789 --> 01:04:00.799 align:start position:0% earthquake and again how do you find 01:04:00.799 --> 01:04:02.230 align:start position:0% earthquake and again how do you find paths<01:04:01.119> that<01:04:01.280> are<01:04:01.440> weighted<01:04:01.920> by<01:04:02.160> the 01:04:02.230 --> 01:04:02.240 align:start position:0% paths that are weighted by the 01:04:02.240 --> 01:04:03.829 align:start position:0% paths that are weighted by the expectation<01:04:02.960> of<01:04:03.119> certain<01:04:03.440> things<01:04:03.599> so<01:04:03.760> it 01:04:03.829 --> 01:04:03.839 align:start position:0% expectation of certain things so it 01:04:03.839 --> 01:04:05.670 align:start position:0% expectation of certain things so it turns<01:04:04.160> out<01:04:04.319> that<01:04:04.400> these<01:04:04.720> paths<01:04:05.119> can 01:04:05.670 --> 01:04:05.680 align:start position:0% turns out that these paths can 01:04:05.680 --> 01:04:07.589 align:start position:0% turns out that these paths can incorporate<01:04:06.240> all<01:04:06.480> sorts<01:04:06.799> of<01:04:06.960> other<01:04:07.200> factors 01:04:07.589 --> 01:04:07.599 align:start position:0% incorporate all sorts of other factors 01:04:07.599 --> 01:04:09.990 align:start position:0% incorporate all sorts of other factors about<01:04:08.240> being<01:04:08.559> seen<01:04:08.799> or<01:04:08.960> not<01:04:09.200> seeing 01:04:09.990 --> 01:04:10.000 align:start position:0% about being seen or not seeing 01:04:10.000 --> 01:04:12.069 align:start position:0% about being seen or not seeing potential<01:04:10.480> for<01:04:10.640> discovering<01:04:11.359> things<01:04:11.680> and<01:04:11.920> it 01:04:12.069 --> 01:04:12.079 align:start position:0% potential for discovering things and it 01:04:12.079 --> 01:04:13.270 align:start position:0% potential for discovering things and it also<01:04:12.400> worked<01:04:12.640> when<01:04:12.799> you<01:04:12.880> didn't<01:04:13.119> know 01:04:13.270 --> 01:04:13.280 align:start position:0% also worked when you didn't know 01:04:13.280 --> 01:04:14.390 align:start position:0% also worked when you didn't know everything<01:04:13.599> you<01:04:13.760> could<01:04:13.920> say 01:04:14.390 --> 01:04:14.400 align:start position:0% everything you could say 01:04:14.400 --> 01:04:15.990 align:start position:0% everything you could say for<01:04:14.559> the<01:04:14.720> time<01:04:14.960> being<01:04:15.119> i'll<01:04:15.280> do<01:04:15.520> this<01:04:15.760> and<01:04:15.839> then 01:04:15.990 --> 01:04:16.000 align:start position:0% for the time being i'll do this and then 01:04:16.000 --> 01:04:17.510 align:start position:0% for the time being i'll do this and then i'll<01:04:16.160> get<01:04:16.319> a<01:04:16.400> little<01:04:16.559> bit<01:04:16.720> more<01:04:16.960> and<01:04:17.039> i<01:04:17.119> can<01:04:17.280> do 01:04:17.510 --> 01:04:17.520 align:start position:0% i'll get a little bit more and i can do 01:04:17.520 --> 01:04:17.910 align:start position:0% i'll get a little bit more and i can do that 01:04:17.910 --> 01:04:17.920 align:start position:0% that 01:04:17.920 --> 01:04:19.990 align:start position:0% that shift<01:04:18.559> a<01:04:18.720> little<01:04:18.799> bit<01:04:18.960> so<01:04:19.119> it's<01:04:19.280> fast<01:04:19.680> enough 01:04:19.990 --> 01:04:20.000 align:start position:0% shift a little bit so it's fast enough 01:04:20.000 --> 01:04:22.230 align:start position:0% shift a little bit so it's fast enough to<01:04:20.160> keep<01:04:20.400> on<01:04:20.559> applying<01:04:20.880> so<01:04:21.039> this<01:04:21.280> idea 01:04:22.230 --> 01:04:22.240 align:start position:0% to keep on applying so this idea 01:04:22.240 --> 01:04:26.470 align:start position:0% to keep on applying so this idea um<01:04:23.760> i<01:04:23.920> use<01:04:24.160> for<01:04:24.559> quite<01:04:24.799> a<01:04:24.880> few<01:04:25.039> of<01:04:25.119> my<01:04:25.440> projects 01:04:26.470 --> 01:04:26.480 align:start position:0% um i use for quite a few of my projects 01:04:26.480 --> 01:04:28.390 align:start position:0% um i use for quite a few of my projects and<01:04:26.720> the<01:04:26.960> simplicity<01:04:27.599> i<01:04:27.760> guess<01:04:28.000> i<01:04:28.160> found 01:04:28.390 --> 01:04:28.400 align:start position:0% and the simplicity i guess i found 01:04:28.400 --> 01:04:29.829 align:start position:0% and the simplicity i guess i found appealing<01:04:28.799> i<01:04:28.880> didn't<01:04:29.039> really<01:04:29.280> want<01:04:29.520> to<01:04:29.680> get 01:04:29.829 --> 01:04:29.839 align:start position:0% appealing i didn't really want to get 01:04:29.839 --> 01:04:30.390 align:start position:0% appealing i didn't really want to get into 01:04:30.390 --> 01:04:30.400 align:start position:0% into 01:04:30.400 --> 01:04:32.150 align:start position:0% into very<01:04:30.720> very<01:04:30.960> complicated<01:04:31.520> methods<01:04:32.000> this 01:04:32.150 --> 01:04:32.160 align:start position:0% very very complicated methods this 01:04:32.160 --> 01:04:34.069 align:start position:0% very very complicated methods this suited<01:04:32.559> what<01:04:32.720> i<01:04:32.880> wanted<01:04:33.200> so<01:04:33.359> even<01:04:33.599> my<01:04:33.760> after 01:04:34.069 --> 01:04:34.079 align:start position:0% suited what i wanted so even my after 01:04:34.079 --> 01:04:34.630 align:start position:0% suited what i wanted so even my after work 01:04:34.630 --> 01:04:34.640 align:start position:0% work 01:04:34.640 --> 01:04:36.309 align:start position:0% work this<01:04:34.880> distance<01:04:35.280> transform<01:04:35.760> was<01:04:35.920> one<01:04:36.079> of<01:04:36.160> the 01:04:36.309 --> 01:04:36.319 align:start position:0% this distance transform was one of the 01:04:36.319 --> 01:04:37.750 align:start position:0% this distance transform was one of the key 01:04:37.750 --> 01:04:37.760 align:start position:0% key 01:04:37.760 --> 01:04:42.309 align:start position:0% key underpinning<01:04:38.799> path<01:04:39.119> planners<01:04:39.520> i<01:04:39.599> was<01:04:39.839> using 01:04:42.309 --> 01:04:42.319 align:start position:0% 01:04:42.319 --> 01:04:44.069 align:start position:0% and<01:04:42.480> i<01:04:42.640> had<01:04:42.799> some<01:04:43.039> students<01:04:43.440> working<01:04:43.760> on 01:04:44.069 --> 01:04:44.079 align:start position:0% and i had some students working on 01:04:44.079 --> 01:04:45.670 align:start position:0% and i had some students working on rather<01:04:44.480> related<01:04:45.039> projects 01:04:45.670 --> 01:04:45.680 align:start position:0% rather related projects 01:04:45.680 --> 01:04:48.710 align:start position:0% rather related projects on<01:04:45.839> this<01:04:46.799> so<01:04:47.119> i'm<01:04:47.359> still<01:04:47.680> interested<01:04:48.319> in 01:04:48.710 --> 01:04:48.720 align:start position:0% on this so i'm still interested in 01:04:48.720 --> 01:04:51.750 align:start position:0% on this so i'm still interested in the<01:04:50.400> visual<01:04:50.799> side<01:04:51.119> but 01:04:51.750 --> 01:04:51.760 align:start position:0% the visual side but 01:04:51.760 --> 01:04:54.069 align:start position:0% the visual side but for<01:04:51.920> the<01:04:52.079> outdoor<01:04:52.559> projects<01:04:53.039> more<01:04:53.359> in<01:04:53.760> laser 01:04:54.069 --> 01:04:54.079 align:start position:0% for the outdoor projects more in laser 01:04:54.079 --> 01:04:56.309 align:start position:0% for the outdoor projects more in laser range<01:04:54.400> findings<01:04:54.880> and<01:04:55.039> cameras 01:04:56.309 --> 01:04:56.319 align:start position:0% range findings and cameras 01:04:56.319 --> 01:05:00.150 align:start position:0% range findings and cameras and<01:04:56.960> the<01:04:57.119> combination<01:04:57.920> of<01:04:58.319> how<01:04:58.480> to<01:04:58.880> build<01:04:59.200> maps 01:05:00.150 --> 01:05:00.160 align:start position:0% and the combination of how to build maps 01:05:00.160 --> 01:05:03.589 align:start position:0% and the combination of how to build maps to<01:05:00.400> plan<01:05:01.280> how<01:05:01.440> to<01:05:01.680> move<01:05:02.640> that<01:05:02.799> was<01:05:02.960> before<01:05:03.359> this 01:05:03.589 --> 01:05:03.599 align:start position:0% to plan how to move that was before this 01:05:03.599 --> 01:05:04.630 align:start position:0% to plan how to move that was before this idea<01:05:03.839> of<01:05:03.920> slam 01:05:04.630 --> 01:05:04.640 align:start position:0% idea of slam 01:05:04.640 --> 01:05:08.630 align:start position:0% idea of slam had<01:05:05.440> got<01:05:05.920> any<01:05:06.880> strength 01:05:08.630 --> 01:05:08.640 align:start position:0% had got any strength 01:05:08.640 --> 01:05:11.829 align:start position:0% had got any strength the<01:05:08.799> slam<01:05:09.599> idea 01:05:11.829 --> 01:05:11.839 align:start position:0% the slam idea 01:05:11.839 --> 01:05:14.710 align:start position:0% the slam idea grew<01:05:12.160> out<01:05:12.400> of<01:05:12.799> the<01:05:13.200> need<01:05:13.599> to<01:05:13.920> go<01:05:14.079> and<01:05:14.240> explore 01:05:14.710 --> 01:05:14.720 align:start position:0% grew out of the need to go and explore 01:05:14.720 --> 01:05:15.670 align:start position:0% grew out of the need to go and explore new<01:05:14.880> areas 01:05:15.670 --> 01:05:15.680 align:start position:0% new areas 01:05:15.680 --> 01:05:19.430 align:start position:0% new areas and<01:05:15.839> how<01:05:16.079> to<01:05:16.319> develop<01:05:16.799> maps<01:05:17.760> of<01:05:17.920> new<01:05:18.160> areas 01:05:19.430 --> 01:05:19.440 align:start position:0% and how to develop maps of new areas 01:05:19.440 --> 01:05:20.710 align:start position:0% and how to develop maps of new areas and<01:05:19.599> the<01:05:19.760> only<01:05:19.920> way<01:05:20.079> you<01:05:20.160> could<01:05:20.319> do<01:05:20.480> that 01:05:20.710 --> 01:05:20.720 align:start position:0% and the only way you could do that 01:05:20.720 --> 01:05:23.270 align:start position:0% and the only way you could do that effectively<01:05:21.760> before<01:05:22.160> that<01:05:22.400> point<01:05:22.720> was<01:05:22.960> to<01:05:23.039> get 01:05:23.270 --> 01:05:23.280 align:start position:0% effectively before that point was to get 01:05:23.280 --> 01:05:25.670 align:start position:0% effectively before that point was to get out<01:05:23.440> of<01:05:23.599> the<01:05:23.760> other<01:05:24.000> lights 01:05:25.670 --> 01:05:25.680 align:start position:0% out of the other lights 01:05:25.680 --> 01:05:30.870 align:start position:0% out of the other lights do<01:05:25.920> a<01:05:26.160> survey<01:05:27.119> using<01:05:28.240> standard<01:05:28.720> equipment 01:05:30.870 --> 01:05:30.880 align:start position:0% do a survey using standard equipment 01:05:30.880 --> 01:05:32.710 align:start position:0% do a survey using standard equipment moving<01:05:31.280> very<01:05:31.520> accurately<01:05:32.079> from<01:05:32.319> point<01:05:32.559> to 01:05:32.710 --> 01:05:32.720 align:start position:0% moving very accurately from point to 01:05:32.720 --> 01:05:33.910 align:start position:0% moving very accurately from point to point<01:05:33.119> and<01:05:33.280> taking 01:05:33.910 --> 01:05:33.920 align:start position:0% point and taking 01:05:33.920 --> 01:05:36.150 align:start position:0% point and taking readings<01:05:34.319> of<01:05:34.480> angles<01:05:34.880> back<01:05:35.119> to<01:05:35.680> edges<01:05:36.079> of 01:05:36.150 --> 01:05:36.160 align:start position:0% readings of angles back to edges of 01:05:36.160 --> 01:05:37.829 align:start position:0% readings of angles back to edges of buildings<01:05:36.720> and<01:05:36.960> objects<01:05:37.440> and 01:05:37.829 --> 01:05:37.839 align:start position:0% buildings and objects and 01:05:37.839 --> 01:05:40.390 align:start position:0% buildings and objects and slowly<01:05:38.319> but<01:05:38.880> meticulously<01:05:39.920> putting<01:05:40.240> that 01:05:40.390 --> 01:05:40.400 align:start position:0% slowly but meticulously putting that 01:05:40.400 --> 01:05:41.270 align:start position:0% slowly but meticulously putting that together<01:05:40.720> and<01:05:40.799> even 01:05:41.270 --> 01:05:41.280 align:start position:0% together and even 01:05:41.280 --> 01:05:43.670 align:start position:0% together and even in<01:05:41.680> early<01:05:42.000> surveying<01:05:42.559> this<01:05:42.799> idea<01:05:43.119> of<01:05:43.280> closing 01:05:43.670 --> 01:05:43.680 align:start position:0% in early surveying this idea of closing 01:05:43.680 --> 01:05:44.309 align:start position:0% in early surveying this idea of closing the<01:05:43.839> loop 01:05:44.309 --> 01:05:44.319 align:start position:0% the loop 01:05:44.319 --> 01:05:47.589 align:start position:0% the loop existed<01:05:45.599> so<01:05:45.920> i<01:05:46.160> remember<01:05:46.720> i<01:05:47.039> mentioned<01:05:47.359> doing 01:05:47.589 --> 01:05:47.599 align:start position:0% existed so i remember i mentioned doing 01:05:47.599 --> 01:05:49.910 align:start position:0% existed so i remember i mentioned doing surveying<01:05:48.240> and<01:05:48.319> stuff<01:05:48.720> in<01:05:48.880> my<01:05:49.039> undergrad 01:05:49.910 --> 01:05:49.920 align:start position:0% surveying and stuff in my undergrad 01:05:49.920 --> 01:05:51.750 align:start position:0% surveying and stuff in my undergrad i<01:05:50.160> remember<01:05:50.480> there<01:05:50.720> being<01:05:50.960> a<01:05:51.119> technique<01:05:51.599> by 01:05:51.750 --> 01:05:51.760 align:start position:0% i remember there being a technique by 01:05:51.760 --> 01:05:53.510 align:start position:0% i remember there being a technique by which<01:05:52.640> you 01:05:53.510 --> 01:05:53.520 align:start position:0% which you 01:05:53.520 --> 01:05:55.910 align:start position:0% which you started<01:05:54.079> somewhere<01:05:54.799> you<01:05:55.039> started<01:05:55.359> to<01:05:55.520> measure 01:05:55.910 --> 01:05:55.920 align:start position:0% started somewhere you started to measure 01:05:55.920 --> 01:05:57.910 align:start position:0% started somewhere you started to measure angles<01:05:56.400> and<01:05:56.559> distances 01:05:57.910 --> 01:05:57.920 align:start position:0% angles and distances 01:05:57.920 --> 01:05:59.670 align:start position:0% angles and distances and<01:05:58.160> when<01:05:58.400> you<01:05:58.559> went<01:05:58.880> further<01:05:59.200> and<01:05:59.359> further 01:05:59.670 --> 01:05:59.680 align:start position:0% and when you went further and further 01:05:59.680 --> 01:06:01.670 align:start position:0% and when you went further and further around<01:06:00.000> the<01:06:00.319> tendency<01:06:00.799> would<01:06:01.039> be<01:06:01.280> small 01:06:01.670 --> 01:06:01.680 align:start position:0% around the tendency would be small 01:06:01.680 --> 01:06:03.510 align:start position:0% around the tendency would be small accumulations<01:06:02.480> of<01:06:02.640> error 01:06:03.510 --> 01:06:03.520 align:start position:0% accumulations of error 01:06:03.520 --> 01:06:05.349 align:start position:0% accumulations of error with<01:06:03.760> each<01:06:04.000> dependent<01:06:04.480> on<01:06:04.559> what<01:06:04.799> you<01:06:05.039> thought 01:06:05.349 --> 01:06:05.359 align:start position:0% with each dependent on what you thought 01:06:05.359 --> 01:06:07.430 align:start position:0% with each dependent on what you thought was<01:06:05.520> your<01:06:05.760> current<01:06:06.079> location<01:06:06.720> that<01:06:06.880> depended 01:06:07.430 --> 01:06:07.440 align:start position:0% was your current location that depended 01:06:07.440 --> 01:06:09.349 align:start position:0% was your current location that depended on<01:06:07.520> your<01:06:07.839> previous<01:06:08.240> measurements 01:06:09.349 --> 01:06:09.359 align:start position:0% on your previous measurements 01:06:09.359 --> 01:06:11.029 align:start position:0% on your previous measurements and<01:06:09.520> the<01:06:09.680> idea<01:06:10.079> in<01:06:10.240> surveying<01:06:10.640> had<01:06:10.799> always 01:06:11.029 --> 01:06:11.039 align:start position:0% and the idea in surveying had always 01:06:11.039 --> 01:06:12.549 align:start position:0% and the idea in surveying had always been<01:06:11.280> that<01:06:11.520> when<01:06:11.680> you<01:06:11.839> came<01:06:12.079> back<01:06:12.240> to<01:06:12.319> where 01:06:12.549 --> 01:06:12.559 align:start position:0% been that when you came back to where 01:06:12.559 --> 01:06:13.910 align:start position:0% been that when you came back to where you<01:06:12.720> started<01:06:13.280> you'd<01:06:13.520> say 01:06:13.910 --> 01:06:13.920 align:start position:0% you started you'd say 01:06:13.920 --> 01:06:16.789 align:start position:0% you started you'd say this<01:06:14.160> is<01:06:14.240> meant<01:06:14.400> to<01:06:14.480> be<01:06:14.640> zero<01:06:15.039> zero<01:06:16.000> but<01:06:16.480> all<01:06:16.640> my 01:06:16.789 --> 01:06:16.799 align:start position:0% this is meant to be zero zero but all my 01:06:16.799 --> 01:06:19.589 align:start position:0% this is meant to be zero zero but all my things<01:06:17.039> are<01:06:17.119> saying<01:06:17.440> minus<01:06:17.839> five<01:06:18.160> plus<01:06:18.480> ten 01:06:19.589 --> 01:06:19.599 align:start position:0% things are saying minus five plus ten 01:06:19.599 --> 01:06:21.349 align:start position:0% things are saying minus five plus ten so<01:06:19.760> you<01:06:19.920> knew<01:06:20.160> you<01:06:20.240> were<01:06:20.400> an<01:06:20.559> error<01:06:21.039> and<01:06:21.200> then 01:06:21.349 --> 01:06:21.359 align:start position:0% so you knew you were an error and then 01:06:21.359 --> 01:06:22.870 align:start position:0% so you knew you were an error and then there<01:06:21.520> was<01:06:21.920> quite<01:06:22.240> simple<01:06:22.559> ways<01:06:22.799> of 01:06:22.870 --> 01:06:22.880 align:start position:0% there was quite simple ways of 01:06:22.880 --> 01:06:24.549 align:start position:0% there was quite simple ways of distributing<01:06:23.680> the<01:06:23.839> error<01:06:24.079> to<01:06:24.240> make<01:06:24.400> the 01:06:24.549 --> 01:06:24.559 align:start position:0% distributing the error to make the 01:06:24.559 --> 01:06:25.349 align:start position:0% distributing the error to make the corrections 01:06:25.349 --> 01:06:25.359 align:start position:0% corrections 01:06:25.359 --> 01:06:28.630 align:start position:0% corrections all<01:06:25.520> the<01:06:25.599> way<01:06:25.760> along<01:06:26.720> now<01:06:27.760> the<01:06:27.920> current 01:06:28.630 --> 01:06:28.640 align:start position:0% all the way along now the current 01:06:28.640 --> 01:06:31.109 align:start position:0% all the way along now the current slam<01:06:29.200> is<01:06:29.359> really<01:06:29.680> that<01:06:30.000> technique<01:06:30.559> but<01:06:30.880> in<01:06:31.039> a 01:06:31.109 --> 01:06:31.119 align:start position:0% slam is really that technique but in a 01:06:31.119 --> 01:06:32.870 align:start position:0% slam is really that technique but in a much<01:06:31.359> more<01:06:31.520> sophisticated<01:06:32.400> level 01:06:32.870 --> 01:06:32.880 align:start position:0% much more sophisticated level 01:06:32.880 --> 01:06:35.029 align:start position:0% much more sophisticated level and<01:06:33.359> probabilistic<01:06:34.160> the<01:06:34.240> use<01:06:34.480> of<01:06:34.640> common 01:06:35.029 --> 01:06:35.039 align:start position:0% and probabilistic the use of common 01:06:35.039 --> 01:06:36.230 align:start position:0% and probabilistic the use of common filters<01:06:35.440> and<01:06:35.520> extended 01:06:36.230 --> 01:06:36.240 align:start position:0% filters and extended 01:06:36.240 --> 01:06:38.390 align:start position:0% filters and extended it's<01:06:36.480> all<01:06:36.640> about<01:06:37.119> how<01:06:37.359> to<01:06:37.520> distribute<01:06:38.240> and 01:06:38.390 --> 01:06:38.400 align:start position:0% it's all about how to distribute and 01:06:38.400 --> 01:06:40.470 align:start position:0% it's all about how to distribute and propagate<01:06:38.880> the<01:06:39.039> area<01:06:39.280> to<01:06:39.440> minimize<01:06:40.000> the<01:06:40.160> cliff 01:06:40.470 --> 01:06:40.480 align:start position:0% propagate the area to minimize the cliff 01:06:40.480 --> 01:06:41.670 align:start position:0% propagate the area to minimize the cliff but<01:06:40.640> you<01:06:40.720> still<01:06:40.960> have<01:06:41.039> to<01:06:41.200> complete<01:06:41.520> the 01:06:41.670 --> 01:06:41.680 align:start position:0% but you still have to complete the 01:06:41.680 --> 01:06:42.309 align:start position:0% but you still have to complete the closure 01:06:42.309 --> 01:06:42.319 align:start position:0% closure 01:06:42.319 --> 01:06:43.829 align:start position:0% closure because<01:06:42.559> i<01:06:42.559> mean<01:06:42.720> a<01:06:42.720> lot<01:06:42.960> of<01:06:43.039> controversy<01:06:43.680> is 01:06:43.829 --> 01:06:43.839 align:start position:0% because i mean a lot of controversy is 01:06:43.839 --> 01:06:45.349 align:start position:0% because i mean a lot of controversy is how<01:06:44.000> do<01:06:44.079> you<01:06:44.319> absolutely<01:06:44.720> know<01:06:44.880> for<01:06:45.119> certain 01:06:45.349 --> 01:06:45.359 align:start position:0% how do you absolutely know for certain 01:06:45.359 --> 01:06:46.789 align:start position:0% how do you absolutely know for certain you're<01:06:45.520> back<01:06:45.760> where<01:06:45.920> you<01:06:46.079> started 01:06:46.789 --> 01:06:46.799 align:start position:0% you're back where you started 01:06:46.799 --> 01:06:48.710 align:start position:0% you're back where you started you<01:06:46.960> make<01:06:47.280> that<01:06:47.440> mistake<01:06:47.920> everything<01:06:48.319> blows 01:06:48.710 --> 01:06:48.720 align:start position:0% you make that mistake everything blows 01:06:48.720 --> 01:06:51.589 align:start position:0% you make that mistake everything blows up<01:06:49.359> a<01:06:49.520> lot<01:06:49.760> of<01:06:49.839> work<01:06:50.160> in<01:06:50.319> slams<01:06:50.720> about<01:06:50.960> that 01:06:51.589 --> 01:06:51.599 align:start position:0% up a lot of work in slams about that 01:06:51.599 --> 01:06:55.589 align:start position:0% up a lot of work in slams about that now<01:06:52.160> by<01:06:52.319> the<01:06:52.559> time<01:06:54.400> i<01:06:54.559> sort<01:06:54.799> of<01:06:54.880> realized<01:06:55.359> how 01:06:55.589 --> 01:06:55.599 align:start position:0% now by the time i sort of realized how 01:06:55.599 --> 01:06:58.230 align:start position:0% now by the time i sort of realized how important<01:06:55.920> this<01:06:56.160> area<01:06:56.480> was<01:06:56.880> there<01:06:57.119> are 01:06:58.230 --> 01:06:58.240 align:start position:0% important this area was there are 01:06:58.240 --> 01:06:59.990 align:start position:0% important this area was there are hundreds<01:06:58.640> of<01:06:58.799> people<01:06:58.960> already<01:06:59.359> doing<01:06:59.599> it<01:06:59.760> so<01:06:59.839> i 01:06:59.990 --> 01:07:00.000 align:start position:0% hundreds of people already doing it so i 01:07:00.000 --> 01:07:03.109 align:start position:0% hundreds of people already doing it so i decided<01:07:00.400> not<01:07:00.559> to<01:07:00.720> do<01:07:00.880> it 01:07:03.109 --> 01:07:03.119 align:start position:0% 01:07:03.119 --> 01:07:05.829 align:start position:0% so<01:07:03.280> i<01:07:03.359> went<01:07:03.599> in<01:07:03.680> the<01:07:03.760> opposite<01:07:04.160> direction<01:07:05.440> so 01:07:05.829 --> 01:07:05.839 align:start position:0% so i went in the opposite direction so 01:07:05.839 --> 01:07:06.470 align:start position:0% so i went in the opposite direction so um 01:07:06.470 --> 01:07:06.480 align:start position:0% um 01:07:06.480 --> 01:07:08.309 align:start position:0% um i<01:07:06.720> started<01:07:07.119> doing<01:07:07.440> what<01:07:07.839> you<01:07:07.920> could<01:07:08.000> call<01:07:08.240> the 01:07:08.309 --> 01:07:08.319 align:start position:0% i started doing what you could call the 01:07:08.319 --> 01:07:09.510 align:start position:0% i started doing what you could call the opposite<01:07:08.640> of<01:07:08.799> slam<01:07:09.200> so 01:07:09.510 --> 01:07:09.520 align:start position:0% opposite of slam so 01:07:09.520 --> 01:07:11.510 align:start position:0% opposite of slam so i<01:07:09.680> bought<01:07:09.920> a<01:07:10.079> very<01:07:10.559> uh<01:07:10.799> with<01:07:10.960> a<01:07:11.039> colleague<01:07:11.359> we 01:07:11.510 --> 01:07:11.520 align:start position:0% i bought a very uh with a colleague we 01:07:11.520 --> 01:07:13.190 align:start position:0% i bought a very uh with a colleague we bought<01:07:11.760> a<01:07:11.839> very<01:07:12.000> expensive<01:07:12.480> laser 01:07:13.190 --> 01:07:13.200 align:start position:0% bought a very expensive laser 01:07:13.200 --> 01:07:16.069 align:start position:0% bought a very expensive laser finder<01:07:14.799> which<01:07:15.039> you<01:07:15.200> could<01:07:15.359> put<01:07:15.680> in<01:07:15.760> the<01:07:15.839> middle 01:07:16.069 --> 01:07:16.079 align:start position:0% finder which you could put in the middle 01:07:16.079 --> 01:07:17.510 align:start position:0% finder which you could put in the middle of<01:07:16.160> a<01:07:16.240> city<01:07:16.559> square 01:07:17.510 --> 01:07:17.520 align:start position:0% of a city square 01:07:17.520 --> 01:07:19.430 align:start position:0% of a city square and<01:07:17.839> over<01:07:18.000> a<01:07:18.079> period<01:07:18.319> of<01:07:18.400> two<01:07:18.640> hours<01:07:18.960> collect 01:07:19.430 --> 01:07:19.440 align:start position:0% and over a period of two hours collect 01:07:19.440 --> 01:07:21.510 align:start position:0% and over a period of two hours collect every<01:07:19.680> detail<01:07:20.079> up<01:07:20.160> to<01:07:20.319> 800<01:07:20.720> meters<01:07:21.039> away 01:07:21.510 --> 01:07:21.520 align:start position:0% every detail up to 800 meters away 01:07:21.520 --> 01:07:24.069 align:start position:0% every detail up to 800 meters away right<01:07:21.760> so<01:07:21.839> you<01:07:21.920> can<01:07:22.079> just<01:07:22.720> the<01:07:22.799> whole<01:07:23.039> volume 01:07:24.069 --> 01:07:24.079 align:start position:0% right so you can just the whole volume 01:07:24.079 --> 01:07:25.190 align:start position:0% right so you can just the whole volume high<01:07:24.240> precision 01:07:25.190 --> 01:07:25.200 align:start position:0% high precision 01:07:25.200 --> 01:07:29.029 align:start position:0% high precision fractions<01:07:25.839> of<01:07:26.720> maybe<01:07:27.039> half<01:07:27.280> a<01:07:27.680> centimeter 01:07:29.029 --> 01:07:29.039 align:start position:0% fractions of maybe half a centimeter 01:07:29.039 --> 01:07:31.589 align:start position:0% fractions of maybe half a centimeter and<01:07:29.440> with<01:07:29.680> a<01:07:29.760> high<01:07:30.160> resolution<01:07:30.720> camera<01:07:31.280> get<01:07:31.440> it 01:07:31.589 --> 01:07:31.599 align:start position:0% and with a high resolution camera get it 01:07:31.599 --> 01:07:33.109 align:start position:0% and with a high resolution camera get it all<01:07:31.680> painted<01:07:32.079> as<01:07:32.240> well 01:07:33.109 --> 01:07:33.119 align:start position:0% all painted as well 01:07:33.119 --> 01:07:35.510 align:start position:0% all painted as well so<01:07:33.920> instead<01:07:34.319> of<01:07:34.559> building<01:07:34.880> your<01:07:35.119> maps 01:07:35.510 --> 01:07:35.520 align:start position:0% so instead of building your maps 01:07:35.520 --> 01:07:36.870 align:start position:0% so instead of building your maps incrementally<01:07:36.240> i<01:07:36.400> said<01:07:36.559> well 01:07:36.870 --> 01:07:36.880 align:start position:0% incrementally i said well 01:07:36.880 --> 01:07:38.150 align:start position:0% incrementally i said well you<01:07:36.960> just<01:07:37.200> put<01:07:37.359> this<01:07:37.520> down<01:07:37.760> you<01:07:37.839> collect 01:07:38.150 --> 01:07:38.160 align:start position:0% you just put this down you collect 01:07:38.160 --> 01:07:39.829 align:start position:0% you just put this down you collect everything<01:07:38.480> at<01:07:38.559> once<01:07:38.880> and<01:07:39.039> now<01:07:39.200> you<01:07:39.359> now<01:07:39.599> have 01:07:39.829 --> 01:07:39.839 align:start position:0% everything at once and now you now have 01:07:39.839 --> 01:07:40.230 align:start position:0% everything at once and now you now have a 01:07:40.230 --> 01:07:40.240 align:start position:0% a 01:07:40.240 --> 01:07:43.670 align:start position:0% a sort<01:07:40.400> of<01:07:40.640> cyber<01:07:41.119> model<01:07:41.520> of<01:07:41.599> that<01:07:41.760> whole<01:07:42.079> space 01:07:43.670 --> 01:07:43.680 align:start position:0% sort of cyber model of that whole space 01:07:43.680 --> 01:07:46.230 align:start position:0% sort of cyber model of that whole space and<01:07:44.319> if<01:07:44.640> you<01:07:44.880> could<01:07:45.119> not<01:07:45.359> see<01:07:45.599> everything<01:07:46.000> from 01:07:46.230 --> 01:07:46.240 align:start position:0% and if you could not see everything from 01:07:46.240 --> 01:07:46.710 align:start position:0% and if you could not see everything from one 01:07:46.710 --> 01:07:46.720 align:start position:0% one 01:07:46.720 --> 01:07:48.710 align:start position:0% one position<01:07:47.520> you<01:07:47.680> could<01:07:47.839> pick<01:07:48.160> three<01:07:48.400> or<01:07:48.480> four 01:07:48.710 --> 01:07:48.720 align:start position:0% position you could pick three or four 01:07:48.720 --> 01:07:50.710 align:start position:0% position you could pick three or four positions<01:07:49.280> and<01:07:49.440> then<01:07:49.599> you<01:07:49.760> can<01:07:50.000> with<01:07:50.240> a 01:07:50.710 --> 01:07:50.720 align:start position:0% positions and then you can with a 01:07:50.720 --> 01:07:52.470 align:start position:0% positions and then you can with a can<01:07:51.039> automatically<01:07:51.680> but<01:07:51.839> with<01:07:52.000> a<01:07:52.079> little<01:07:52.319> bit 01:07:52.470 --> 01:07:52.480 align:start position:0% can automatically but with a little bit 01:07:52.480 --> 01:07:54.870 align:start position:0% can automatically but with a little bit of<01:07:52.720> hand<01:07:53.119> help<01:07:53.520> you<01:07:53.680> can<01:07:53.839> get<01:07:54.079> the<01:07:54.319> stitch 01:07:54.870 --> 01:07:54.880 align:start position:0% of hand help you can get the stitch 01:07:54.880 --> 01:07:57.190 align:start position:0% of hand help you can get the stitch together<01:07:55.280> of<01:07:55.440> all<01:07:55.520> these<01:07:55.760> things<01:07:56.720> so<01:07:56.960> we<01:07:57.039> did 01:07:57.190 --> 01:07:57.200 align:start position:0% together of all these things so we did 01:07:57.200 --> 01:07:58.950 align:start position:0% together of all these things so we did this<01:07:57.440> over<01:07:57.599> a<01:07:57.760> number<01:07:58.000> of<01:07:58.079> spaces<01:07:58.559> around<01:07:58.880> the 01:07:58.950 --> 01:07:58.960 align:start position:0% this over a number of spaces around the 01:07:58.960 --> 01:08:00.549 align:start position:0% this over a number of spaces around the campus<01:07:59.520> and<01:07:59.680> also<01:08:00.079> a 01:08:00.549 --> 01:08:00.559 align:start position:0% campus and also a 01:08:00.559 --> 01:08:03.029 align:start position:0% campus and also a sort<01:08:00.720> of<01:08:00.880> a<01:08:01.119> property<01:08:01.520> i<01:08:01.760> finished<01:08:02.079> up<01:08:02.240> buying 01:08:03.029 --> 01:08:03.039 align:start position:0% sort of a property i finished up buying 01:08:03.039 --> 01:08:03.910 align:start position:0% sort of a property i finished up buying out<01:08:03.280> of 01:08:03.910 --> 01:08:03.920 align:start position:0% out of 01:08:03.920 --> 01:08:05.990 align:start position:0% out of out<01:08:04.160> of<01:08:04.480> melbourne<01:08:04.880> to<01:08:04.960> do<01:08:05.119> some<01:08:05.280> of<01:08:05.359> this<01:08:05.520> big 01:08:05.990 --> 01:08:06.000 align:start position:0% out of melbourne to do some of this big 01:08:06.000 --> 01:08:07.750 align:start position:0% out of melbourne to do some of this big field<01:08:06.319> work 01:08:07.750 --> 01:08:07.760 align:start position:0% field work 01:08:07.760 --> 01:08:09.750 align:start position:0% field work and<01:08:07.920> so<01:08:08.079> i<01:08:08.240> sort<01:08:08.480> of<01:08:08.640> argued<01:08:08.960> that<01:08:09.359> in<01:08:09.520> some 01:08:09.750 --> 01:08:09.760 align:start position:0% and so i sort of argued that in some 01:08:09.760 --> 01:08:11.589 align:start position:0% and so i sort of argued that in some circumstances<01:08:10.720> where<01:08:10.880> you<01:08:11.039> have<01:08:11.280> either 01:08:11.589 --> 01:08:11.599 align:start position:0% circumstances where you have either 01:08:11.599 --> 01:08:12.710 align:start position:0% circumstances where you have either access<01:08:12.079> to 01:08:12.710 --> 01:08:12.720 align:start position:0% access to 01:08:12.720 --> 01:08:14.470 align:start position:0% access to existing<01:08:13.200> plans<01:08:13.599> or<01:08:13.680> buildings<01:08:14.160> or<01:08:14.319> you're 01:08:14.470 --> 01:08:14.480 align:start position:0% existing plans or buildings or you're 01:08:14.480 --> 01:08:16.309 align:start position:0% existing plans or buildings or you're prepared<01:08:14.880> to<01:08:15.039> spend<01:08:15.359> half<01:08:15.599> a<01:08:15.680> day<01:08:15.839> collecting 01:08:16.309 --> 01:08:16.319 align:start position:0% prepared to spend half a day collecting 01:08:16.319 --> 01:08:17.829 align:start position:0% prepared to spend half a day collecting this<01:08:16.560> information 01:08:17.829 --> 01:08:17.839 align:start position:0% this information 01:08:17.839 --> 01:08:19.189 align:start position:0% this information if<01:08:18.000> you're<01:08:18.080> going<01:08:18.239> to<01:08:18.319> have<01:08:18.480> a<01:08:18.640> robot<01:08:18.960> working 01:08:19.189 --> 01:08:19.199 align:start position:0% if you're going to have a robot working 01:08:19.199 --> 01:08:21.110 align:start position:0% if you're going to have a robot working there<01:08:19.359> for<01:08:19.520> 10<01:08:19.759> years<01:08:20.480> the<01:08:20.719> cost<01:08:20.960> of 01:08:21.110 --> 01:08:21.120 align:start position:0% there for 10 years the cost of 01:08:21.120 --> 01:08:22.070 align:start position:0% there for 10 years the cost of collecting<01:08:21.600> this 01:08:22.070 --> 01:08:22.080 align:start position:0% collecting this 01:08:22.080 --> 01:08:24.789 align:start position:0% collecting this is<01:08:22.239> of<01:08:22.400> no<01:08:22.640> significance<01:08:23.759> so<01:08:24.000> why<01:08:24.239> do<01:08:24.480> i<01:08:24.560> need 01:08:24.789 --> 01:08:24.799 align:start position:0% is of no significance so why do i need 01:08:24.799 --> 01:08:26.950 align:start position:0% is of no significance so why do i need this<01:08:25.120> complexity<01:08:25.759> of<01:08:25.920> a<01:08:26.000> moving<01:08:26.400> robot<01:08:26.799> that's 01:08:26.950 --> 01:08:26.960 align:start position:0% this complexity of a moving robot that's 01:08:26.960 --> 01:08:28.390 align:start position:0% this complexity of a moving robot that's doing<01:08:27.199> all<01:08:27.279> this<01:08:27.520> high 01:08:28.390 --> 01:08:28.400 align:start position:0% doing all this high 01:08:28.400 --> 01:08:31.030 align:start position:0% doing all this high uh<01:08:28.719> calculations<01:08:29.600> of<01:08:29.839> uh<01:08:30.239> common<01:08:30.560> filters<01:08:30.960> i 01:08:31.030 --> 01:08:31.040 align:start position:0% uh calculations of uh common filters i 01:08:31.040 --> 01:08:32.630 align:start position:0% uh calculations of uh common filters i just<01:08:31.199> said<01:08:31.440> if<01:08:31.600> you<01:08:31.759> were<01:08:31.920> prepared<01:08:32.319> to<01:08:32.480> do 01:08:32.630 --> 01:08:32.640 align:start position:0% just said if you were prepared to do 01:08:32.640 --> 01:08:34.070 align:start position:0% just said if you were prepared to do this<01:08:32.880> once<01:08:33.279> and<01:08:33.359> do<01:08:33.520> it 01:08:34.070 --> 01:08:34.080 align:start position:0% this once and do it 01:08:34.080 --> 01:08:36.630 align:start position:0% this once and do it accurately<01:08:34.719> there<01:08:34.880> was<01:08:35.040> no<01:08:35.199> need<01:08:35.440> for<01:08:35.600> that<01:08:35.839> so 01:08:36.630 --> 01:08:36.640 align:start position:0% accurately there was no need for that so 01:08:36.640 --> 01:08:38.070 align:start position:0% accurately there was no need for that so so<01:08:36.799> i'm<01:08:37.040> sort<01:08:37.199> of<01:08:37.359> saying<01:08:37.520> there<01:08:37.679> was 01:08:38.070 --> 01:08:38.080 align:start position:0% so i'm sort of saying there was 01:08:38.080 --> 01:08:40.229 align:start position:0% so i'm sort of saying there was room<01:08:38.319> for<01:08:38.480> slam<01:08:38.960> you<01:08:39.120> could<01:08:39.279> do<01:08:39.359> it<01:08:39.520> this<01:08:39.679> way 01:08:40.229 --> 01:08:40.239 align:start position:0% room for slam you could do it this way 01:08:40.239 --> 01:08:41.910 align:start position:0% room for slam you could do it this way if<01:08:40.480> you<01:08:40.640> were<01:08:40.799> being<01:08:41.040> practical<01:08:41.520> about 01:08:41.910 --> 01:08:41.920 align:start position:0% if you were being practical about 01:08:41.920 --> 01:08:47.590 align:start position:0% if you were being practical about an<01:08:42.080> existing<01:08:43.120> relatively<01:08:43.679> organized<01:08:44.239> space 01:08:47.590 --> 01:08:47.600 align:start position:0% 01:08:47.600 --> 01:08:50.229 align:start position:0% and<01:08:47.759> then<01:08:48.560> the<01:08:48.719> notion<01:08:49.120> was<01:08:49.520> okay<01:08:49.759> you've<01:08:50.000> got 01:08:50.229 --> 01:08:50.239 align:start position:0% and then the notion was okay you've got 01:08:50.239 --> 01:08:50.950 align:start position:0% and then the notion was okay you've got this<01:08:50.480> very 01:08:50.950 --> 01:08:50.960 align:start position:0% this very 01:08:50.960 --> 01:08:54.470 align:start position:0% this very exact<01:08:52.239> map<01:08:52.560> of<01:08:52.719> things 01:08:54.470 --> 01:08:54.480 align:start position:0% exact map of things 01:08:54.480 --> 01:08:56.390 align:start position:0% exact map of things could<01:08:54.719> you<01:08:54.960> now<01:08:55.199> put<01:08:55.359> a<01:08:55.440> robot<01:08:55.920> in<01:08:56.080> that<01:08:56.159> could 01:08:56.390 --> 01:08:56.400 align:start position:0% could you now put a robot in that could 01:08:56.400 --> 01:08:57.510 align:start position:0% could you now put a robot in that could find<01:08:56.640> its<01:08:56.799> way<01:08:57.040> easily 01:08:57.510 --> 01:08:57.520 align:start position:0% find its way easily 01:08:57.520 --> 01:09:00.149 align:start position:0% find its way easily around<01:08:57.839> this<01:08:58.880> and<01:08:59.040> one<01:08:59.199> of<01:08:59.279> my<01:08:59.520> students 01:09:00.149 --> 01:09:00.159 align:start position:0% around this and one of my students 01:09:00.159 --> 01:09:01.749 align:start position:0% around this and one of my students worked<01:09:00.480> on<01:09:00.560> the<01:09:00.799> idea 01:09:01.749 --> 01:09:01.759 align:start position:0% worked on the idea 01:09:01.759 --> 01:09:03.910 align:start position:0% worked on the idea you<01:09:01.920> have<01:09:02.319> a<01:09:02.640> camera<01:09:03.199> pointing<01:09:03.520> up<01:09:03.679> at<01:09:03.759> a 01:09:03.910 --> 01:09:03.920 align:start position:0% you have a camera pointing up at a 01:09:03.920 --> 01:09:05.030 align:start position:0% you have a camera pointing up at a panoramic<01:09:04.560> mirror 01:09:05.030 --> 01:09:05.040 align:start position:0% panoramic mirror 01:09:05.040 --> 01:09:07.349 align:start position:0% panoramic mirror and<01:09:05.199> you<01:09:05.279> could<01:09:05.440> see<01:09:06.640> right<01:09:06.799> around<01:09:07.120> all<01:09:07.279> in 01:09:07.349 --> 01:09:07.359 align:start position:0% and you could see right around all in 01:09:07.359 --> 01:09:08.309 align:start position:0% and you could see right around all in one<01:09:07.600> hit 01:09:08.309 --> 01:09:08.319 align:start position:0% one hit 01:09:08.319 --> 01:09:10.870 align:start position:0% one hit you<01:09:08.480> could<01:09:08.640> collect<01:09:08.960> that<01:09:09.279> image<01:09:10.480> and<01:09:10.640> then 01:09:10.870 --> 01:09:10.880 align:start position:0% you could collect that image and then 01:09:10.880 --> 01:09:12.950 align:start position:0% you could collect that image and then you<01:09:10.960> could<01:09:11.279> hypothesize 01:09:12.950 --> 01:09:12.960 align:start position:0% you could hypothesize 01:09:12.960 --> 01:09:16.950 align:start position:0% you could hypothesize where<01:09:13.199> should<01:09:13.520> i<01:09:13.759> be<01:09:15.040> to<01:09:15.359> recreate<01:09:16.159> that<01:09:16.480> image 01:09:16.950 --> 01:09:16.960 align:start position:0% where should i be to recreate that image 01:09:16.960 --> 01:09:17.590 align:start position:0% where should i be to recreate that image from 01:09:17.590 --> 01:09:17.600 align:start position:0% from 01:09:17.600 --> 01:09:20.390 align:start position:0% from the<01:09:17.839> cyber<01:09:18.239> model<01:09:19.279> right<01:09:19.839> so<01:09:20.080> what<01:09:20.239> you're 01:09:20.390 --> 01:09:20.400 align:start position:0% the cyber model right so what you're 01:09:20.400 --> 01:09:22.070 align:start position:0% the cyber model right so what you're really<01:09:20.640> doing<01:09:20.960> is<01:09:21.040> saying<01:09:21.279> i've<01:09:21.520> got 01:09:22.070 --> 01:09:22.080 align:start position:0% really doing is saying i've got 01:09:22.080 --> 01:09:24.870 align:start position:0% really doing is saying i've got an<01:09:22.319> idea<01:09:22.560> what's<01:09:22.880> there<01:09:23.359> where<01:09:23.679> must<01:09:23.920> i<01:09:24.080> be<01:09:24.480> to 01:09:24.870 --> 01:09:24.880 align:start position:0% an idea what's there where must i be to 01:09:24.880 --> 01:09:26.470 align:start position:0% an idea what's there where must i be to get<01:09:25.040> that<01:09:25.199> same<01:09:25.440> so<01:09:25.600> that<01:09:25.759> was<01:09:26.000> not<01:09:26.239> so<01:09:26.400> you 01:09:26.470 --> 01:09:26.480 align:start position:0% get that same so that was not so you 01:09:26.480 --> 01:09:27.829 align:start position:0% get that same so that was not so you could<01:09:26.640> actually<01:09:26.880> say<01:09:27.040> i'm<01:09:27.199> collecting<01:09:27.600> this 01:09:27.829 --> 01:09:27.839 align:start position:0% could actually say i'm collecting this 01:09:27.839 --> 01:09:29.269 align:start position:0% could actually say i'm collecting this live<01:09:28.159> data 01:09:29.269 --> 01:09:29.279 align:start position:0% live data 01:09:29.279 --> 01:09:31.430 align:start position:0% live data and<01:09:29.440> i<01:09:29.520> could<01:09:29.759> do<01:09:29.920> a<01:09:30.080> search<01:09:30.400> using<01:09:31.040> particle 01:09:31.430 --> 01:09:31.440 align:start position:0% and i could do a search using particle 01:09:31.440 --> 01:09:33.430 align:start position:0% and i could do a search using particle filters<01:09:31.920> to<01:09:32.000> work<01:09:32.239> out<01:09:32.480> where<01:09:32.719> must<01:09:32.960> i<01:09:33.120> be<01:09:33.279> in 01:09:33.430 --> 01:09:33.440 align:start position:0% filters to work out where must i be in 01:09:33.440 --> 01:09:35.189 align:start position:0% filters to work out where must i be in the<01:09:33.600> cyber<01:09:34.159> space 01:09:35.189 --> 01:09:35.199 align:start position:0% the cyber space 01:09:35.199 --> 01:09:37.669 align:start position:0% the cyber space for<01:09:35.440> this<01:09:36.000> same<01:09:36.239> data<01:09:36.640> to<01:09:36.799> be<01:09:36.960> visible<01:09:37.520> and 01:09:37.669 --> 01:09:37.679 align:start position:0% for this same data to be visible and 01:09:37.679 --> 01:09:39.110 align:start position:0% for this same data to be visible and that's<01:09:37.920> where<01:09:38.080> you<01:09:38.239> are<01:09:38.480> and<01:09:38.560> that<01:09:38.799> worked 01:09:39.110 --> 01:09:39.120 align:start position:0% that's where you are and that worked 01:09:39.120 --> 01:09:40.149 align:start position:0% that's where you are and that worked pretty<01:09:39.359> well 01:09:40.149 --> 01:09:40.159 align:start position:0% pretty well 01:09:40.159 --> 01:09:41.829 align:start position:0% pretty well so<01:09:40.319> you<01:09:40.400> could<01:09:40.560> just<01:09:40.880> move<01:09:41.040> this<01:09:41.279> robot<01:09:41.600> around 01:09:41.829 --> 01:09:41.839 align:start position:0% so you could just move this robot around 01:09:41.839 --> 01:09:43.749 align:start position:0% so you could just move this robot around with<01:09:42.000> its<01:09:42.239> mirror<01:09:42.640> and<01:09:42.799> camera 01:09:43.749 --> 01:09:43.759 align:start position:0% with its mirror and camera 01:09:43.759 --> 01:09:46.229 align:start position:0% with its mirror and camera and<01:09:44.000> it<01:09:44.159> could<01:09:44.880> almost<01:09:45.359> real<01:09:45.600> time<01:09:45.920> tell<01:09:46.080> you 01:09:46.229 --> 01:09:46.239 align:start position:0% and it could almost real time tell you 01:09:46.239 --> 01:09:47.030 align:start position:0% and it could almost real time tell you where<01:09:46.400> it<01:09:46.480> was 01:09:47.030 --> 01:09:47.040 align:start position:0% where it was 01:09:47.040 --> 01:09:49.829 align:start position:0% where it was and<01:09:47.199> plot<01:09:47.520> it<01:09:47.920> fairly<01:09:48.239> accurately<01:09:49.440> and<01:09:49.679> it 01:09:49.829 --> 01:09:49.839 align:start position:0% and plot it fairly accurately and it 01:09:49.839 --> 01:09:52.470 align:start position:0% and plot it fairly accurately and it wasn't<01:09:50.159> necessary<01:09:50.799> in<01:09:50.960> fact<01:09:51.199> to<01:09:51.440> have<01:09:51.679> a 01:09:52.470 --> 01:09:52.480 align:start position:0% wasn't necessary in fact to have a 01:09:52.480 --> 01:09:53.910 align:start position:0% wasn't necessary in fact to have a robot<01:09:52.880> you<01:09:52.960> could<01:09:53.120> actually<01:09:53.359> put<01:09:53.600> it<01:09:53.679> on<01:09:53.839> a 01:09:53.910 --> 01:09:53.920 align:start position:0% robot you could actually put it on a 01:09:53.920 --> 01:09:56.310 align:start position:0% robot you could actually put it on a walking<01:09:54.320> frame<01:09:54.640> so<01:09:55.040> this<01:09:55.280> student<01:09:55.600> actually 01:09:56.310 --> 01:09:56.320 align:start position:0% walking frame so this student actually 01:09:56.320 --> 01:09:57.750 align:start position:0% walking frame so this student actually bolted<01:09:56.719> on<01:09:56.800> a<01:09:56.880> walking<01:09:57.199> ground<01:09:57.440> and<01:09:57.520> walked 01:09:57.750 --> 01:09:57.760 align:start position:0% bolted on a walking ground and walked 01:09:57.760 --> 01:09:59.189 align:start position:0% bolted on a walking ground and walked around<01:09:58.000> like<01:09:58.159> this<01:09:58.320> and<01:09:58.400> you<01:09:58.480> could<01:09:58.640> see<01:09:58.800> a<01:09:58.880> map 01:09:59.189 --> 01:09:59.199 align:start position:0% around like this and you could see a map 01:09:59.199 --> 01:10:00.630 align:start position:0% around like this and you could see a map of<01:09:59.280> where<01:09:59.520> he'd<01:09:59.760> been<01:10:00.000> and<01:10:00.080> so<01:10:00.239> on<01:10:00.400> i<01:10:00.480> thought 01:10:00.630 --> 01:10:00.640 align:start position:0% of where he'd been and so on i thought 01:10:00.640 --> 01:10:03.590 align:start position:0% of where he'd been and so on i thought this<01:10:00.800> is<01:10:00.960> good<01:10:01.840> so<01:10:02.080> later<01:10:02.400> on<01:10:02.560> i<01:10:02.800> got<01:10:03.120> a<01:10:03.280> second 01:10:03.590 --> 01:10:03.600 align:start position:0% this is good so later on i got a second 01:10:03.600 --> 01:10:05.669 align:start position:0% this is good so later on i got a second laser<01:10:03.920> rangefinder 01:10:05.669 --> 01:10:05.679 align:start position:0% laser rangefinder 01:10:05.679 --> 01:10:07.910 align:start position:0% laser rangefinder called<01:10:06.000> velodyne<01:10:06.640> which<01:10:06.880> is<01:10:07.199> about<01:10:07.440> the<01:10:07.600> size 01:10:07.910 --> 01:10:07.920 align:start position:0% called velodyne which is about the size 01:10:07.920 --> 01:10:08.790 align:start position:0% called velodyne which is about the size of<01:10:08.000> a<01:10:08.080> human<01:10:08.400> head 01:10:08.790 --> 01:10:08.800 align:start position:0% of a human head 01:10:08.800 --> 01:10:10.709 align:start position:0% of a human head and<01:10:09.040> can<01:10:09.199> be<01:10:09.679> bolted<01:10:10.080> on<01:10:10.159> the<01:10:10.239> top<01:10:10.480> of<01:10:10.560> the 01:10:10.709 --> 01:10:10.719 align:start position:0% and can be bolted on the top of the 01:10:10.719 --> 01:10:11.830 align:start position:0% and can be bolted on the top of the vehicle 01:10:11.830 --> 01:10:11.840 align:start position:0% vehicle 01:10:11.840 --> 01:10:14.229 align:start position:0% vehicle and<01:10:12.080> that<01:10:12.239> wasn't<01:10:12.640> as<01:10:12.880> accurate<01:10:13.360> as<01:10:13.600> the<01:10:14.000> first 01:10:14.229 --> 01:10:14.239 align:start position:0% and that wasn't as accurate as the first 01:10:14.239 --> 01:10:15.750 align:start position:0% and that wasn't as accurate as the first one<01:10:14.400> which<01:10:14.640> is<01:10:14.719> called<01:10:15.040> the<01:10:15.120> regal<01:10:15.600> if<01:10:15.679> you 01:10:15.750 --> 01:10:15.760 align:start position:0% one which is called the regal if you 01:10:15.760 --> 01:10:16.470 align:start position:0% one which is called the regal if you want<01:10:16.000> any 01:10:16.470 --> 01:10:16.480 align:start position:0% want any 01:10:16.480 --> 01:10:17.830 align:start position:0% want any details<01:10:16.880> a<01:10:16.880> lot<01:10:17.040> of<01:10:17.120> people<01:10:17.360> bought<01:10:17.600> these 01:10:17.830 --> 01:10:17.840 align:start position:0% details a lot of people bought these 01:10:17.840 --> 01:10:19.910 align:start position:0% details a lot of people bought these things<01:10:18.320> so<01:10:18.640> what<01:10:18.800> that<01:10:19.040> could<01:10:19.199> do<01:10:19.360> is<01:10:19.520> collect 01:10:19.910 --> 01:10:19.920 align:start position:0% things so what that could do is collect 01:10:19.920 --> 01:10:22.709 align:start position:0% things so what that could do is collect range<01:10:20.239> data<01:10:20.560> very<01:10:20.800> very<01:10:21.040> quickly<01:10:21.600> up<01:10:21.760> to<01:10:21.840> 120 01:10:22.709 --> 01:10:22.719 align:start position:0% range data very very quickly up to 120 01:10:22.719 --> 01:10:24.070 align:start position:0% range data very very quickly up to 120 meters<01:10:23.120> away 01:10:24.070 --> 01:10:24.080 align:start position:0% meters away 01:10:24.080 --> 01:10:26.310 align:start position:0% meters away so<01:10:24.239> it<01:10:24.400> could<01:10:24.640> collect<01:10:25.600> one<01:10:25.840> and<01:10:25.920> a<01:10:26.000> half 01:10:26.310 --> 01:10:26.320 align:start position:0% so it could collect one and a half 01:10:26.320 --> 01:10:28.149 align:start position:0% so it could collect one and a half million<01:10:26.800> samples<01:10:27.199> per<01:10:27.440> second 01:10:28.149 --> 01:10:28.159 align:start position:0% million samples per second 01:10:28.159 --> 01:10:29.590 align:start position:0% million samples per second so<01:10:28.320> that<01:10:28.560> gave<01:10:28.719> the<01:10:28.880> opportunity<01:10:29.360> knowing 01:10:29.590 --> 01:10:29.600 align:start position:0% so that gave the opportunity knowing 01:10:29.600 --> 01:10:32.229 align:start position:0% so that gave the opportunity knowing what's<01:10:29.920> around<01:10:30.320> you<01:10:30.800> uh 01:10:32.229 --> 01:10:32.239 align:start position:0% what's around you uh 01:10:32.239 --> 01:10:33.990 align:start position:0% what's around you uh quite<01:10:32.480> accurately<01:10:33.120> you<01:10:33.199> know<01:10:33.440> 10<01:10:33.679> times<01:10:33.920> a 01:10:33.990 --> 01:10:34.000 align:start position:0% quite accurately you know 10 times a 01:10:34.000 --> 01:10:35.910 align:start position:0% quite accurately you know 10 times a second<01:10:34.320> or<01:10:34.400> something<01:10:35.120> you<01:10:35.199> could<01:10:35.360> spin<01:10:35.600> it<01:10:35.760> at 01:10:35.910 --> 01:10:35.920 align:start position:0% second or something you could spin it at 01:10:35.920 --> 01:10:37.350 align:start position:0% second or something you could spin it at about<01:10:36.080> 10<01:10:36.320> hertz 01:10:37.350 --> 01:10:37.360 align:start position:0% about 10 hertz 01:10:37.360 --> 01:10:39.590 align:start position:0% about 10 hertz so<01:10:37.520> it<01:10:37.679> meant<01:10:37.920> that<01:10:38.080> you<01:10:38.239> had<01:10:38.640> live<01:10:38.960> data<01:10:39.440> from 01:10:39.590 --> 01:10:39.600 align:start position:0% so it meant that you had live data from 01:10:39.600 --> 01:10:40.630 align:start position:0% so it meant that you had live data from your<01:10:39.840> vehicle 01:10:40.630 --> 01:10:40.640 align:start position:0% your vehicle 01:10:40.640 --> 01:10:42.630 align:start position:0% your vehicle and<01:10:40.800> it<01:10:40.960> covered<01:10:41.360> from<01:10:41.679> about<01:10:42.080> plus<01:10:42.400> two 01:10:42.630 --> 01:10:42.640 align:start position:0% and it covered from about plus two 01:10:42.640 --> 01:10:44.709 align:start position:0% and it covered from about plus two degrees<01:10:43.040> to<01:10:43.199> minus<01:10:43.679> 24<01:10:44.239> so<01:10:44.320> it<01:10:44.480> actually 01:10:44.709 --> 01:10:44.719 align:start position:0% degrees to minus 24 so it actually 01:10:44.719 --> 01:10:45.189 align:start position:0% degrees to minus 24 so it actually covered 01:10:45.189 --> 01:10:45.199 align:start position:0% covered 01:10:45.199 --> 01:10:47.110 align:start position:0% covered the<01:10:45.360> volume<01:10:45.840> that<01:10:46.000> the<01:10:46.159> vehicle<01:10:46.480> may<01:10:46.640> be 01:10:47.110 --> 01:10:47.120 align:start position:0% the volume that the vehicle may be 01:10:47.120 --> 01:10:48.229 align:start position:0% the volume that the vehicle may be running<01:10:47.440> through<01:10:47.600> because<01:10:47.760> you're<01:10:47.920> not 01:10:48.229 --> 01:10:48.239 align:start position:0% running through because you're not 01:10:48.239 --> 01:10:50.149 align:start position:0% running through because you're not worried<01:10:48.560> about<01:10:48.800> overhanging<01:10:49.360> branches<01:10:49.840> above 01:10:50.149 --> 01:10:50.159 align:start position:0% worried about overhanging branches above 01:10:50.159 --> 01:10:52.310 align:start position:0% worried about overhanging branches above that<01:10:50.960> north<01:10:51.360> things<01:10:51.600> of<01:10:51.679> course<01:10:51.920> under<01:10:52.159> the 01:10:52.310 --> 01:10:52.320 align:start position:0% that north things of course under the 01:10:52.320 --> 01:10:53.030 align:start position:0% that north things of course under the ground 01:10:53.030 --> 01:10:53.040 align:start position:0% ground 01:10:53.040 --> 01:10:56.149 align:start position:0% ground so<01:10:53.840> it<01:10:54.320> allowed<01:10:54.640> you<01:10:54.880> to<01:10:55.120> not<01:10:55.280> only<01:10:55.600> avoid 01:10:56.149 --> 01:10:56.159 align:start position:0% so it allowed you to not only avoid 01:10:56.159 --> 01:10:56.950 align:start position:0% so it allowed you to not only avoid things 01:10:56.950 --> 01:10:56.960 align:start position:0% things 01:10:56.960 --> 01:10:59.750 align:start position:0% things but<01:10:57.120> we<01:10:57.280> use<01:10:57.520> that<01:10:57.840> range<01:10:58.239> data<01:10:58.640> to<01:10:58.960> now 01:10:59.750 --> 01:10:59.760 align:start position:0% but we use that range data to now 01:10:59.760 --> 01:11:01.110 align:start position:0% but we use that range data to now hypothesize 01:11:01.110 --> 01:11:01.120 align:start position:0% hypothesize 01:11:01.120 --> 01:11:03.110 align:start position:0% hypothesize where<01:11:01.360> must<01:11:01.679> i<01:11:01.840> be<01:11:02.000> in<01:11:02.080> the<01:11:02.239> cyber<01:11:02.719> knowledge 01:11:03.110 --> 01:11:03.120 align:start position:0% where must i be in the cyber knowledge 01:11:03.120 --> 01:11:05.590 align:start position:0% where must i be in the cyber knowledge to<01:11:03.280> get<01:11:03.520> this<01:11:04.000> set<01:11:04.320> of<01:11:04.480> range<01:11:04.880> measures 01:11:05.590 --> 01:11:05.600 align:start position:0% to get this set of range measures 01:11:05.600 --> 01:11:07.270 align:start position:0% to get this set of range measures and<01:11:05.760> you<01:11:05.920> didn't<01:11:06.080> really<01:11:06.320> have<01:11:06.400> to<01:11:06.480> use<01:11:06.719> the<01:11:06.880> 3d 01:11:07.270 --> 01:11:07.280 align:start position:0% and you didn't really have to use the 3d 01:11:07.280 --> 01:11:09.350 align:start position:0% and you didn't really have to use the 3d you<01:11:07.440> just<01:11:07.679> use<01:11:07.920> a<01:11:08.080> slice 01:11:09.350 --> 01:11:09.360 align:start position:0% you just use a slice 01:11:09.360 --> 01:11:11.030 align:start position:0% you just use a slice so<01:11:09.520> you've<01:11:09.840> got<01:11:10.000> the<01:11:10.239> nice<01:11:10.480> way<01:11:10.640> of<01:11:10.719> saying<01:11:10.960> i 01:11:11.030 --> 01:11:11.040 align:start position:0% so you've got the nice way of saying i 01:11:11.040 --> 01:11:13.110 align:start position:0% so you've got the nice way of saying i can<01:11:11.199> avoid<01:11:11.520> obstacles<01:11:12.000> but<01:11:12.159> i<01:11:12.239> can<01:11:12.400> also 01:11:13.110 --> 01:11:13.120 align:start position:0% can avoid obstacles but i can also 01:11:13.120 --> 01:11:16.229 align:start position:0% can avoid obstacles but i can also and<01:11:13.360> we<01:11:13.520> found<01:11:13.840> that<01:11:14.080> in<01:11:14.239> an<01:11:14.560> area<01:11:14.800> of<01:11:14.960> about 01:11:16.229 --> 01:11:16.239 align:start position:0% and we found that in an area of about 01:11:16.239 --> 01:11:19.030 align:start position:0% and we found that in an area of about 150<01:11:17.040> meters<01:11:17.360> by<01:11:17.520> 150<01:11:18.080> meters<01:11:18.480> you<01:11:18.560> could<01:11:18.719> find 01:11:19.030 --> 01:11:19.040 align:start position:0% 150 meters by 150 meters you could find 01:11:19.040 --> 01:11:21.270 align:start position:0% 150 meters by 150 meters you could find out<01:11:19.120> where<01:11:19.280> you<01:11:19.440> were<01:11:19.679> to<01:11:19.920> 13<01:11:20.320> centimeters 01:11:21.270 --> 01:11:21.280 align:start position:0% out where you were to 13 centimeters 01:11:21.280 --> 01:11:24.790 align:start position:0% out where you were to 13 centimeters in<01:11:21.520> rails<01:11:21.840> i'll<01:11:22.080> make<01:11:22.239> 10<01:11:22.480> times<01:11:22.800> a<01:11:22.880> second<01:11:24.080> so 01:11:24.790 --> 01:11:24.800 align:start position:0% in rails i'll make 10 times a second so 01:11:24.800 --> 01:11:26.390 align:start position:0% in rails i'll make 10 times a second so i'm<01:11:25.040> still<01:11:25.280> working<01:11:25.600> on<01:11:25.760> that<01:11:26.080> because<01:11:26.320> i 01:11:26.390 --> 01:11:26.400 align:start position:0% i'm still working on that because i 01:11:26.400 --> 01:11:27.990 align:start position:0% i'm still working on that because i think<01:11:26.640> well<01:11:26.960> okay<01:11:27.199> if<01:11:27.360> i<01:11:27.520> have 01:11:27.990 --> 01:11:28.000 align:start position:0% think well okay if i have 01:11:28.000 --> 01:11:30.229 align:start position:0% think well okay if i have a<01:11:28.159> vehicle<01:11:28.560> in<01:11:28.640> the<01:11:28.719> bushland<01:11:29.280> setting<01:11:29.760> and 01:11:30.229 --> 01:11:30.239 align:start position:0% a vehicle in the bushland setting and 01:11:30.239 --> 01:11:32.229 align:start position:0% a vehicle in the bushland setting and i'm<01:11:30.480> prepared<01:11:30.880> to 01:11:32.229 --> 01:11:32.239 align:start position:0% i'm prepared to 01:11:32.239 --> 01:11:33.830 align:start position:0% i'm prepared to say<01:11:32.480> nothing<01:11:32.719> much<01:11:32.960> is<01:11:33.120> changing<01:11:33.600> of<01:11:33.679> course 01:11:33.830 --> 01:11:33.840 align:start position:0% say nothing much is changing of course 01:11:33.840 --> 01:11:35.910 align:start position:0% say nothing much is changing of course one<01:11:34.000> of<01:11:34.159> the<01:11:34.320> problems<01:11:34.719> are<01:11:34.880> the<01:11:34.960> trees<01:11:35.280> grow 01:11:35.910 --> 01:11:35.920 align:start position:0% one of the problems are the trees grow 01:11:35.920 --> 01:11:38.149 align:start position:0% one of the problems are the trees grow so<01:11:36.159> but<01:11:36.400> if<01:11:36.480> you<01:11:36.640> use<01:11:36.800> your<01:11:36.960> scan<01:11:37.360> about<01:11:38.000> where 01:11:38.149 --> 01:11:38.159 align:start position:0% so but if you use your scan about where 01:11:38.159 --> 01:11:39.270 align:start position:0% so but if you use your scan about where the<01:11:38.400> trunks<01:11:38.880> are 01:11:39.270 --> 01:11:39.280 align:start position:0% the trunks are 01:11:39.280 --> 01:11:41.990 align:start position:0% the trunks are coming<01:11:39.679> out<01:11:39.920> of<01:11:40.000> the<01:11:40.560> brush<01:11:41.440> that's<01:11:41.679> not<01:11:41.840> going 01:11:41.990 --> 01:11:42.000 align:start position:0% coming out of the brush that's not going 01:11:42.000 --> 01:11:44.070 align:start position:0% coming out of the brush that's not going to<01:11:42.159> change<01:11:42.400> that<01:11:42.560> much<01:11:42.800> as<01:11:43.280> the<01:11:43.360> growth<01:11:43.760> above 01:11:44.070 --> 01:11:44.080 align:start position:0% to change that much as the growth above 01:11:44.080 --> 01:11:46.149 align:start position:0% to change that much as the growth above that<01:11:44.320> point<01:11:44.560> so<01:11:44.800> we<01:11:44.960> found<01:11:45.199> out<01:11:45.360> if<01:11:45.520> you<01:11:45.679> take 01:11:46.149 --> 01:11:46.159 align:start position:0% that point so we found out if you take 01:11:46.159 --> 01:11:47.510 align:start position:0% that point so we found out if you take something<01:11:46.480> about<01:11:46.640> a<01:11:46.719> meter<01:11:46.960> above<01:11:47.199> the<01:11:47.280> ground 01:11:47.510 --> 01:11:47.520 align:start position:0% something about a meter above the ground 01:11:47.520 --> 01:11:49.510 align:start position:0% something about a meter above the ground that's<01:11:47.679> reasonably<01:11:48.080> stable<01:11:48.960> and<01:11:49.120> i've<01:11:49.360> been 01:11:49.510 --> 01:11:49.520 align:start position:0% that's reasonably stable and i've been 01:11:49.520 --> 01:11:51.110 align:start position:0% that's reasonably stable and i've been back<01:11:49.840> for<01:11:50.000> the<01:11:50.080> same<01:11:50.400> site 01:11:51.110 --> 01:11:51.120 align:start position:0% back for the same site 01:11:51.120 --> 01:11:52.950 align:start position:0% back for the same site six<01:11:51.360> months<01:11:51.600> apart<01:11:52.000> and<01:11:52.159> still<01:11:52.400> work<01:11:52.640> so<01:11:52.800> this 01:11:52.950 --> 01:11:52.960 align:start position:0% six months apart and still work so this 01:11:52.960 --> 01:11:54.790 align:start position:0% six months apart and still work so this sort<01:11:53.120> of<01:11:53.280> thing 01:11:54.790 --> 01:11:54.800 align:start position:0% sort of thing 01:11:54.800 --> 01:11:56.709 align:start position:0% sort of thing so<01:11:55.040> i'm<01:11:55.440> still<01:11:55.760> keen<01:11:56.080> to<01:11:56.239> use<01:11:56.480> this 01:11:56.709 --> 01:11:56.719 align:start position:0% so i'm still keen to use this 01:11:56.719 --> 01:11:58.390 align:start position:0% so i'm still keen to use this combination<01:11:57.280> of<01:11:57.360> pre-scan<01:11:57.920> data 01:11:58.390 --> 01:11:58.400 align:start position:0% combination of pre-scan data 01:11:58.400 --> 01:12:01.430 align:start position:0% combination of pre-scan data and<01:11:58.560> this<01:11:59.120> fast<01:11:59.440> scanner<01:12:00.400> for<01:12:00.719> localizing 01:12:01.430 --> 01:12:01.440 align:start position:0% and this fast scanner for localizing 01:12:01.440 --> 01:12:02.470 align:start position:0% and this fast scanner for localizing robots<01:12:01.920> so<01:12:02.080> i'm 01:12:02.470 --> 01:12:02.480 align:start position:0% robots so i'm 01:12:02.480 --> 01:12:04.790 align:start position:0% robots so i'm going<01:12:02.719> back<01:12:03.199> out<01:12:03.360> to<01:12:03.520> this<01:12:04.000> property<01:12:04.480> to<01:12:04.640> do 01:12:04.790 --> 01:12:04.800 align:start position:0% going back out to this property to do 01:12:04.800 --> 01:12:06.709 align:start position:0% going back out to this property to do this<01:12:04.960> sort<01:12:05.120> of<01:12:05.280> work 01:12:06.709 --> 01:12:06.719 align:start position:0% this sort of work 01:12:06.719 --> 01:12:08.950 align:start position:0% this sort of work i<01:12:06.800> guess<01:12:07.040> that's<01:12:07.280> probably<01:12:07.520> a<01:12:07.920> good<01:12:08.159> story<01:12:08.560> too 01:12:08.950 --> 01:12:08.960 align:start position:0% i guess that's probably a good story too 01:12:08.960 --> 01:12:10.790 align:start position:0% i guess that's probably a good story too i<01:12:09.120> bought<01:12:09.360> this<01:12:09.600> property<01:12:10.000> when<01:12:10.239> i<01:12:10.400> knew<01:12:10.640> that 01:12:10.790 --> 01:12:10.800 align:start position:0% i bought this property when i knew that 01:12:10.800 --> 01:12:12.390 align:start position:0% i bought this property when i knew that i<01:12:10.880> couldn't<01:12:11.120> do<01:12:11.360> this<01:12:11.520> work<01:12:11.840> on<01:12:12.000> campus<01:12:12.320> so 01:12:12.390 --> 01:12:12.400 align:start position:0% i couldn't do this work on campus so 01:12:12.400 --> 01:12:13.430 align:start position:0% i couldn't do this work on campus so there<01:12:12.560> weren't<01:12:12.800> enough 01:12:13.430 --> 01:12:13.440 align:start position:0% there weren't enough 01:12:13.440 --> 01:12:15.750 align:start position:0% there weren't enough playing<01:12:13.760> fields<01:12:14.239> and<01:12:14.400> stuff<01:12:15.280> and<01:12:15.440> then 01:12:15.750 --> 01:12:15.760 align:start position:0% playing fields and stuff and then 01:12:15.760 --> 01:12:17.590 align:start position:0% playing fields and stuff and then students<01:12:16.080> always<01:12:16.400> come<01:12:16.640> and<01:12:16.800> gawk<01:12:17.199> and<01:12:17.360> then 01:12:17.590 --> 01:12:17.600 align:start position:0% students always come and gawk and then 01:12:17.600 --> 01:12:19.030 align:start position:0% students always come and gawk and then it's<01:12:17.760> dangerous<01:12:18.159> because<01:12:18.560> this<01:12:18.719> is<01:12:18.719> a<01:12:18.800> big 01:12:19.030 --> 01:12:19.040 align:start position:0% it's dangerous because this is a big 01:12:19.040 --> 01:12:20.790 align:start position:0% it's dangerous because this is a big robot<01:12:19.360> they<01:12:19.520> could<01:12:19.600> run<01:12:19.840> over<01:12:20.000> their<01:12:20.159> feet<01:12:20.480> so 01:12:20.790 --> 01:12:20.800 align:start position:0% robot they could run over their feet so 01:12:20.800 --> 01:12:23.270 align:start position:0% robot they could run over their feet so and<01:12:21.199> there<01:12:21.360> are<01:12:21.440> all<01:12:21.600> sorts<01:12:21.840> of<01:12:22.000> risk<01:12:22.320> issues 01:12:23.270 --> 01:12:23.280 align:start position:0% and there are all sorts of risk issues 01:12:23.280 --> 01:12:25.669 align:start position:0% and there are all sorts of risk issues so<01:12:23.760> i<01:12:24.000> got<01:12:24.159> a<01:12:24.239> bit<01:12:24.400> frustrated<01:12:24.960> so<01:12:25.120> i<01:12:25.280> finished 01:12:25.669 --> 01:12:25.679 align:start position:0% so i got a bit frustrated so i finished 01:12:25.679 --> 01:12:27.430 align:start position:0% so i got a bit frustrated so i finished up<01:12:25.840> buying<01:12:26.080> a<01:12:26.159> 20<01:12:26.400> acre<01:12:26.719> property 01:12:27.430 --> 01:12:27.440 align:start position:0% up buying a 20 acre property 01:12:27.440 --> 01:12:29.270 align:start position:0% up buying a 20 acre property after<01:12:27.760> about<01:12:28.239> three<01:12:28.480> hours<01:12:28.800> drive<01:12:29.120> from 01:12:29.270 --> 01:12:29.280 align:start position:0% after about three hours drive from 01:12:29.280 --> 01:12:31.030 align:start position:0% after about three hours drive from melbourne<01:12:30.400> it<01:12:30.560> happened 01:12:31.030 --> 01:12:31.040 align:start position:0% melbourne it happened 01:12:31.040 --> 01:12:33.110 align:start position:0% melbourne it happened near<01:12:31.360> some<01:12:31.840> sort<01:12:32.000> of<01:12:32.159> foothills<01:12:32.640> of<01:12:32.719> some 01:12:33.110 --> 01:12:33.120 align:start position:0% near some sort of foothills of some 01:12:33.120 --> 01:12:34.390 align:start position:0% near some sort of foothills of some reason<01:12:33.520> looking<01:12:33.840> mountain 01:12:34.390 --> 01:12:34.400 align:start position:0% reason looking mountain 01:12:34.400 --> 01:12:37.030 align:start position:0% reason looking mountain and<01:12:34.560> a<01:12:35.280> water<01:12:35.600> lake<01:12:35.840> nearby<01:12:36.400> and<01:12:36.800> it's<01:12:36.960> a 01:12:37.030 --> 01:12:37.040 align:start position:0% and a water lake nearby and it's a 01:12:37.040 --> 01:12:39.030 align:start position:0% and a water lake nearby and it's a lovely<01:12:37.360> spot<01:12:37.760> so 01:12:39.030 --> 01:12:39.040 align:start position:0% lovely spot so 01:12:39.040 --> 01:12:41.990 align:start position:0% lovely spot so um<01:12:39.600> so<01:12:39.760> we<01:12:39.920> used<01:12:40.239> it<01:12:40.480> partly<01:12:40.960> for<01:12:41.440> mostly<01:12:41.760> flood 01:12:41.990 --> 01:12:42.000 align:start position:0% um so we used it partly for mostly flood 01:12:42.000 --> 01:12:42.550 align:start position:0% um so we used it partly for mostly flood work<01:12:42.239> but 01:12:42.550 --> 01:12:42.560 align:start position:0% work but 01:12:42.560 --> 01:12:46.229 align:start position:0% work but also<01:12:42.800> enjoyed<01:12:43.280> going<01:12:43.520> out<01:12:43.679> there<01:12:44.880> and 01:12:46.229 --> 01:12:46.239 align:start position:0% also enjoyed going out there and 01:12:46.239 --> 01:12:49.430 align:start position:0% also enjoyed going out there and so<01:12:46.719> the<01:12:47.040> big<01:12:47.360> work<01:12:47.920> that<01:12:48.080> i<01:12:48.239> finished<01:12:48.640> up<01:12:48.880> doing 01:12:49.430 --> 01:12:49.440 align:start position:0% so the big work that i finished up doing 01:12:49.440 --> 01:12:52.470 align:start position:0% so the big work that i finished up doing with<01:12:49.760> the<01:12:51.920> fire 01:12:52.470 --> 01:12:52.480 align:start position:0% with the fire 01:12:52.480 --> 01:12:53.830 align:start position:0% with the fire engines<01:12:52.960> and<01:12:53.120> all<01:12:53.199> sorts<01:12:53.440> of<01:12:53.520> things<01:12:53.679> were 01:12:53.830 --> 01:12:53.840 align:start position:0% engines and all sorts of things were 01:12:53.840 --> 01:12:55.270 align:start position:0% engines and all sorts of things were done<01:12:54.080> out<01:12:54.159> there<01:12:54.320> so<01:12:54.480> what<01:12:54.640> happened<01:12:54.960> is<01:12:55.120> that 01:12:55.270 --> 01:12:55.280 align:start position:0% done out there so what happened is that 01:12:55.280 --> 01:12:57.430 align:start position:0% done out there so what happened is that i<01:12:55.440> went<01:12:55.600> to<01:12:55.760> the<01:12:55.840> country<01:12:56.239> fire<01:12:56.480> authority 01:12:57.430 --> 01:12:57.440 align:start position:0% i went to the country fire authority 01:12:57.440 --> 01:12:59.430 align:start position:0% i went to the country fire authority and<01:12:57.600> we<01:12:57.760> had<01:12:58.000> a<01:12:58.159> project<01:12:58.560> with<01:12:58.800> them<01:12:59.040> for<01:12:59.199> five 01:12:59.430 --> 01:12:59.440 align:start position:0% and we had a project with them for five 01:12:59.440 --> 01:13:01.830 align:start position:0% and we had a project with them for five years<01:13:00.400> so<01:13:00.560> the<01:13:00.719> big<01:13:00.880> stuff<01:13:01.199> was<01:13:01.360> done<01:13:01.600> out<01:13:01.760> of 01:13:01.830 --> 01:13:01.840 align:start position:0% years so the big stuff was done out of 01:13:01.840 --> 01:13:03.350 align:start position:0% years so the big stuff was done out of this<01:13:02.080> property 01:13:03.350 --> 01:13:03.360 align:start position:0% this property 01:13:03.360 --> 01:13:05.750 align:start position:0% this property so<01:13:03.600> in<01:13:03.679> fact<01:13:04.000> even<01:13:04.239> today<01:13:04.640> i<01:13:04.800> have<01:13:05.120> three<01:13:05.440> large 01:13:05.750 --> 01:13:05.760 align:start position:0% so in fact even today i have three large 01:13:05.760 --> 01:13:07.669 align:start position:0% so in fact even today i have three large fire<01:13:06.080> trucks<01:13:06.480> out<01:13:06.640> there 01:13:07.669 --> 01:13:07.679 align:start position:0% fire trucks out there 01:13:07.679 --> 01:13:10.630 align:start position:0% fire trucks out there so<01:13:07.840> you're<01:13:08.080> not<01:13:08.320> in<01:13:08.480> danger<01:13:08.960> of<01:13:09.280> forests<01:13:09.840> no 01:13:10.630 --> 01:13:10.640 align:start position:0% so you're not in danger of forests no 01:13:10.640 --> 01:13:12.550 align:start position:0% so you're not in danger of forests no the<01:13:10.800> trouble<01:13:11.199> is<01:13:11.440> i'm<01:13:11.679> not<01:13:11.920> sure<01:13:12.159> that 01:13:12.550 --> 01:13:12.560 align:start position:0% the trouble is i'm not sure that 01:13:12.560 --> 01:13:15.510 align:start position:0% the trouble is i'm not sure that that<01:13:12.800> there's<01:13:13.040> even<01:13:13.280> petrol<01:13:13.679> in<01:13:13.760> the<01:13:13.920> tanks 01:13:15.510 --> 01:13:15.520 align:start position:0% that there's even petrol in the tanks 01:13:15.520 --> 01:13:15.830 align:start position:0% that there's even petrol in the tanks yeah 01:13:15.830 --> 01:13:15.840 align:start position:0% yeah 01:13:15.840 --> 01:13:18.070 align:start position:0% yeah they<01:13:16.080> could<01:13:16.239> be<01:13:16.400> used<01:13:16.640> for<01:13:16.880> firefighting<01:13:17.840> well 01:13:18.070 --> 01:13:18.080 align:start position:0% they could be used for firefighting well 01:13:18.080 --> 01:13:19.270 align:start position:0% they could be used for firefighting well tell<01:13:18.239> me<01:13:18.400> you<01:13:18.480> make<01:13:18.719> up<01:13:18.800> two<01:13:18.960> of<01:13:19.040> them 01:13:19.270 --> 01:13:19.280 align:start position:0% tell me you make up two of them 01:13:19.280 --> 01:13:21.189 align:start position:0% tell me you make up two of them i'm<01:13:19.360> just<01:13:19.520> going<01:13:19.679> to<01:13:19.760> go<01:13:20.000> check<01:13:20.320> if<01:13:20.480> rashida's 01:13:21.189 --> 01:13:21.199 align:start position:0% i'm just going to go check if rashida's 01:13:21.199 --> 01:13:22.950 align:start position:0% i'm just going to go check if rashida's up<01:13:21.520> yeah<01:13:21.679> i've<01:13:21.840> probably<01:13:22.159> done<01:13:22.320> my<01:13:22.560> time<01:13:22.800> if 01:13:22.950 --> 01:13:22.960 align:start position:0% up yeah i've probably done my time if 01:13:22.960 --> 01:13:23.430 align:start position:0% up yeah i've probably done my time if not 01:13:23.430 --> 01:13:23.440 align:start position:0% not 01:13:23.440 --> 01:13:26.149 align:start position:0% not yeah<01:13:23.840> but<01:13:24.080> if<01:13:24.480> if<01:13:24.640> you<01:13:24.719> want<01:13:24.880> to<01:13:25.120> think<01:13:25.520> while<01:13:25.760> i 01:13:26.149 --> 01:13:26.159 align:start position:0% yeah but if if you want to think while i 01:13:26.159 --> 01:13:27.669 align:start position:0% yeah but if if you want to think while i go<01:13:26.400> check<01:13:26.640> on<01:13:26.800> him<01:13:27.040> if 01:13:27.669 --> 01:13:27.679 align:start position:0% go check on him if 01:13:27.679 --> 01:13:29.350 align:start position:0% go check on him if there<01:13:27.840> are<01:13:28.159> a<01:13:28.239> couple<01:13:28.560> of<01:13:28.640> other<01:13:28.880> things<01:13:29.120> you 01:13:29.350 --> 01:13:29.360 align:start position:0% there are a couple of other things you 01:13:29.360 --> 01:13:31.510 align:start position:0% there are a couple of other things you wanted<01:13:29.760> or<01:13:29.840> you<01:13:30.000> want<01:13:30.239> to<01:13:30.320> be<01:13:30.480> in<01:13:30.560> there<01:13:30.960> and 01:13:31.510 --> 01:13:31.520 align:start position:0% wanted or you want to be in there and 01:13:31.520 --> 01:13:33.270 align:start position:0% wanted or you want to be in there and i<01:13:31.600> think<01:13:31.840> one<01:13:32.000> thing<01:13:32.159> we<01:13:32.320> didn't<01:13:32.560> discuss<01:13:33.040> very 01:13:33.270 --> 01:13:33.280 align:start position:0% i think one thing we didn't discuss very 01:13:33.280 --> 01:13:35.750 align:start position:0% i think one thing we didn't discuss very much<01:13:33.520> is<01:13:34.080> who<01:13:34.239> your<01:13:34.480> collaborators<01:13:35.360> have<01:13:35.520> been 01:13:35.750 --> 01:13:35.760 align:start position:0% much is who your collaborators have been 01:13:35.760 --> 01:13:36.229 align:start position:0% much is who your collaborators have been over 01:13:36.229 --> 01:13:36.239 align:start position:0% over 01:13:36.239 --> 01:13:39.030 align:start position:0% over okay<01:13:36.880> oh<01:13:37.120> okay<01:13:37.440> yeah<01:13:37.920> some<01:13:38.080> collaborators<01:13:38.800> and 01:13:39.030 --> 01:13:39.040 align:start position:0% okay oh okay yeah some collaborators and 01:13:39.040 --> 01:13:39.750 align:start position:0% okay oh okay yeah some collaborators and um 01:13:39.750 --> 01:13:39.760 align:start position:0% um 01:13:39.760 --> 01:13:42.149 align:start position:0% um i'm<01:13:39.920> just<01:13:40.080> gonna<01:13:40.719> i<01:13:40.800> mean<01:13:41.040> if<01:13:41.199> you<01:13:41.760> guys<01:13:42.000> want 01:13:42.149 --> 01:13:42.159 align:start position:0% i'm just gonna i mean if you guys want 01:13:42.159 --> 01:13:45.430 align:start position:0% i'm just gonna i mean if you guys want to<01:13:42.320> continue<01:13:42.880> yeah<01:13:43.120> i'll<01:13:43.360> go<01:13:43.600> find<01:13:43.760> you 01:13:45.430 --> 01:13:45.440 align:start position:0% to continue yeah i'll go find you 01:13:45.440 --> 01:13:47.910 align:start position:0% to continue yeah i'll go find you you<01:13:45.600> know<01:13:45.679> maybe<01:13:46.000> some<01:13:46.159> of<01:13:46.320> the<01:13:46.480> um<01:13:47.360> um<01:13:47.600> some 01:13:47.910 --> 01:13:47.920 align:start position:0% you know maybe some of the um um some 01:13:47.920 --> 01:13:49.030 align:start position:0% you know maybe some of the um um some folks<01:13:48.080> in<01:13:48.159> the<01:13:48.239> last<01:13:48.480> maybe<01:13:48.719> 10 01:13:49.030 --> 01:13:49.040 align:start position:0% folks in the last maybe 10 01:13:49.040 --> 01:13:50.709 align:start position:0% folks in the last maybe 10 because<01:13:49.280> i<01:13:49.360> think<01:13:49.440> we<01:13:49.520> got<01:13:50.000> quite<01:13:50.159> a<01:13:50.239> bit<01:13:50.480> early 01:13:50.709 --> 01:13:50.719 align:start position:0% because i think we got quite a bit early 01:13:50.719 --> 01:13:52.790 align:start position:0% because i think we got quite a bit early on<01:13:50.960> yeah<01:13:51.360> maybe<01:13:51.600> about<01:13:51.760> the<01:13:52.000> last<01:13:52.239> 15.<01:13:52.560> well 01:13:52.790 --> 01:13:52.800 align:start position:0% on yeah maybe about the last 15. well 01:13:52.800 --> 01:13:53.350 align:start position:0% on yeah maybe about the last 15. well well 01:13:53.350 --> 01:13:53.360 align:start position:0% well 01:13:53.360 --> 01:13:56.470 align:start position:0% well um<01:13:54.239> i<01:13:54.480> had<01:13:55.440> uh 01:13:56.470 --> 01:13:56.480 align:start position:0% um i had uh 01:13:56.480 --> 01:14:01.590 align:start position:0% um i had uh from<01:13:56.719> 2003<01:13:57.679> to<01:13:58.840> 2007<01:13:59.840> set<01:14:00.080> up 01:14:01.590 --> 01:14:01.600 align:start position:0% from 2003 to 2007 set up 01:14:01.600 --> 01:14:04.950 align:start position:0% from 2003 to 2007 set up this<01:14:02.239> center<01:14:02.880> that<01:14:03.440> i<01:14:03.840> told<01:14:04.159> you<01:14:04.480> uh 01:14:04.950 --> 01:14:04.960 align:start position:0% this center that i told you uh 01:14:04.960 --> 01:14:07.189 align:start position:0% this center that i told you uh just<01:14:05.199> slipped<01:14:05.679> off<01:14:06.000> the<01:14:06.239> first<01:14:06.480> rank<01:14:06.800> when<01:14:06.960> you 01:14:07.189 --> 01:14:07.199 align:start position:0% just slipped off the first rank when you 01:14:07.199 --> 01:14:10.470 align:start position:0% just slipped off the first rank when you don't<01:14:07.520> write<01:14:07.679> got<01:14:07.920> his<01:14:08.080> center 01:14:10.470 --> 01:14:10.480 align:start position:0% don't write got his center 01:14:10.480 --> 01:14:15.110 align:start position:0% don't write got his center that<01:14:10.640> was<01:14:10.880> called<01:14:11.199> a<01:14:12.159> center<01:14:13.360> for 01:14:15.110 --> 01:14:15.120 align:start position:0% that was called a center for 01:14:15.120 --> 01:14:19.430 align:start position:0% that was called a center for perceptive<01:14:16.080> and<01:14:16.400> intelligent<01:14:17.920> machines 01:14:19.430 --> 01:14:19.440 align:start position:0% perceptive and intelligent machines 01:14:19.440 --> 01:14:23.350 align:start position:0% perceptive and intelligent machines and<01:14:19.840> i<01:14:20.080> had<01:14:22.159> partners<01:14:22.800> in 01:14:23.350 --> 01:14:23.360 align:start position:0% and i had partners in 01:14:23.360 --> 01:14:26.950 align:start position:0% and i had partners in three<01:14:23.600> other<01:14:23.920> institutions 01:14:26.950 --> 01:14:26.960 align:start position:0% 01:14:26.960 --> 01:14:29.830 align:start position:0% the<01:14:27.120> partners<01:14:27.760> in<01:14:28.239> melbourne<01:14:29.040> were<01:14:29.440> a<01:14:29.600> group 01:14:29.830 --> 01:14:29.840 align:start position:0% the partners in melbourne were a group 01:14:29.840 --> 01:14:31.510 align:start position:0% the partners in melbourne were a group of<01:14:29.920> people<01:14:30.320> doing 01:14:31.510 --> 01:14:31.520 align:start position:0% of people doing 01:14:31.520 --> 01:14:34.070 align:start position:0% of people doing database<01:14:32.640> analysis<01:14:33.280> with<01:14:33.520> artificial 01:14:34.070 --> 01:14:34.080 align:start position:0% database analysis with artificial 01:14:34.080 --> 01:14:36.390 align:start position:0% database analysis with artificial intelligence<01:14:34.800> methodology 01:14:36.390 --> 01:14:36.400 align:start position:0% intelligence methodology 01:14:36.400 --> 01:14:38.470 align:start position:0% intelligence methodology a<01:14:36.560> group<01:14:36.880> in<01:14:37.199> perth<01:14:37.600> who<01:14:37.760> were<01:14:37.840> doing<01:14:38.159> pattern 01:14:38.470 --> 01:14:38.480 align:start position:0% a group in perth who were doing pattern 01:14:38.480 --> 01:14:39.590 align:start position:0% a group in perth who were doing pattern recognition 01:14:39.590 --> 01:14:39.600 align:start position:0% recognition 01:14:39.600 --> 01:14:43.270 align:start position:0% recognition and<01:14:39.840> computer<01:14:40.840> vision<01:14:42.080> and 01:14:43.270 --> 01:14:43.280 align:start position:0% and computer vision and 01:14:43.280 --> 01:14:44.950 align:start position:0% and computer vision and a<01:14:43.520> particular<01:14:43.920> individual<01:14:44.560> working<01:14:44.800> at 01:14:44.950 --> 01:14:44.960 align:start position:0% a particular individual working at 01:14:44.960 --> 01:14:46.790 align:start position:0% a particular individual working at australian<01:14:45.440> national<01:14:45.679> university 01:14:46.790 --> 01:14:46.800 align:start position:0% australian national university 01:14:46.800 --> 01:14:49.510 align:start position:0% australian national university who<01:14:47.040> had<01:14:47.360> spent<01:14:47.760> 20<01:14:48.000> years<01:14:48.320> studying<01:14:49.199> vision 01:14:49.510 --> 01:14:49.520 align:start position:0% who had spent 20 years studying vision 01:14:49.520 --> 01:14:51.990 align:start position:0% who had spent 20 years studying vision and<01:14:49.679> insects<01:14:50.159> particularly<01:14:50.640> bumblebees 01:14:51.990 --> 01:14:52.000 align:start position:0% and insects particularly bumblebees 01:14:52.000 --> 01:14:53.590 align:start position:0% and insects particularly bumblebees he<01:14:52.159> was<01:14:52.320> very<01:14:52.560> well<01:14:52.719> known<01:14:52.960> for<01:14:53.120> that<01:14:53.280> work<01:14:53.520> and 01:14:53.590 --> 01:14:53.600 align:start position:0% he was very well known for that work and 01:14:53.600 --> 01:14:55.350 align:start position:0% he was very well known for that work and he'd<01:14:53.840> come<01:14:54.080> up<01:14:54.159> with<01:14:54.320> some<01:14:54.480> wonderful<01:14:54.880> ideas 01:14:55.350 --> 01:14:55.360 align:start position:0% he'd come up with some wonderful ideas 01:14:55.360 --> 01:14:57.030 align:start position:0% he'd come up with some wonderful ideas about 01:14:57.030 --> 01:14:57.040 align:start position:0% about 01:14:57.040 --> 01:14:59.189 align:start position:0% about optical<01:14:57.520> flow<01:14:58.159> which<01:14:58.400> is<01:14:58.480> the<01:14:58.640> process<01:14:59.040> by 01:14:59.189 --> 01:14:59.199 align:start position:0% optical flow which is the process by 01:14:59.199 --> 01:15:01.590 align:start position:0% optical flow which is the process by which<01:14:59.440> you<01:14:59.600> can<01:14:59.840> work<01:15:00.159> out 01:15:01.590 --> 01:15:01.600 align:start position:0% which you can work out 01:15:01.600 --> 01:15:04.149 align:start position:0% which you can work out a<01:15:02.000> three-dimensional<01:15:02.800> structure<01:15:03.280> by<01:15:03.840> working 01:15:04.149 --> 01:15:04.159 align:start position:0% a three-dimensional structure by working 01:15:04.159 --> 01:15:05.110 align:start position:0% a three-dimensional structure by working out<01:15:04.239> how<01:15:04.480> things<01:15:04.800> move 01:15:05.110 --> 01:15:05.120 align:start position:0% out how things move 01:15:05.120 --> 01:15:06.709 align:start position:0% out how things move as<01:15:05.280> you<01:15:05.440> move<01:15:05.679> through<01:15:05.840> the<01:15:06.000> environment<01:15:06.560> and 01:15:06.709 --> 01:15:06.719 align:start position:0% as you move through the environment and 01:15:06.719 --> 01:15:08.390 align:start position:0% as you move through the environment and he<01:15:07.440> picked<01:15:07.679> out<01:15:07.920> some 01:15:08.390 --> 01:15:08.400 align:start position:0% he picked out some 01:15:08.400 --> 01:15:10.630 align:start position:0% he picked out some analogies<01:15:09.040> from<01:15:09.360> insect<01:15:09.760> vision<01:15:10.080> to<01:15:10.239> do<01:15:10.400> this 01:15:10.630 --> 01:15:10.640 align:start position:0% analogies from insect vision to do this 01:15:10.640 --> 01:15:11.669 align:start position:0% analogies from insect vision to do this work 01:15:11.669 --> 01:15:11.679 align:start position:0% work 01:15:11.679 --> 01:15:15.110 align:start position:0% work uh<01:15:11.920> his<01:15:12.080> name<01:15:12.320> srinivasan<01:15:13.199> is<01:15:14.239> sort<01:15:14.400> of<01:15:14.560> a 01:15:15.110 --> 01:15:15.120 align:start position:0% uh his name srinivasan is sort of a 01:15:15.120 --> 01:15:18.229 align:start position:0% uh his name srinivasan is sort of a world<01:15:16.400> leader<01:15:16.719> in<01:15:16.800> this<01:15:17.040> field<01:15:17.679> he's<01:15:17.920> since 01:15:18.229 --> 01:15:18.239 align:start position:0% world leader in this field he's since 01:15:18.239 --> 01:15:19.030 align:start position:0% world leader in this field he's since moved 01:15:19.030 --> 01:15:19.040 align:start position:0% moved 01:15:19.040 --> 01:15:21.910 align:start position:0% moved from<01:15:19.360> anu<01:15:19.760> but<01:15:19.920> anyway<01:15:20.800> it<01:15:20.960> was<01:15:21.199> his<01:15:21.520> mirrors 01:15:21.910 --> 01:15:21.920 align:start position:0% from anu but anyway it was his mirrors 01:15:21.920 --> 01:15:23.590 align:start position:0% from anu but anyway it was his mirrors in<01:15:22.000> fact<01:15:22.239> we<01:15:22.480> finished<01:15:22.800> up<01:15:22.960> musings<01:15:23.280> amongst 01:15:23.590 --> 01:15:23.600 align:start position:0% in fact we finished up musings amongst 01:15:23.600 --> 01:15:25.270 align:start position:0% in fact we finished up musings amongst other<01:15:23.840> things<01:15:24.000> he<01:15:24.159> designed<01:15:24.640> wonderful 01:15:25.270 --> 01:15:25.280 align:start position:0% other things he designed wonderful 01:15:25.280 --> 01:15:27.750 align:start position:0% other things he designed wonderful optics<01:15:26.400> and<01:15:26.640> they<01:15:26.800> were<01:15:26.960> the<01:15:27.040> people<01:15:27.440> that<01:15:27.600> we 01:15:27.750 --> 01:15:27.760 align:start position:0% optics and they were the people that we 01:15:27.760 --> 01:15:29.189 align:start position:0% optics and they were the people that we collaborated<01:15:28.400> with<01:15:28.719> but 01:15:29.189 --> 01:15:29.199 align:start position:0% collaborated with but 01:15:29.199 --> 01:15:31.990 align:start position:0% collaborated with but the<01:15:29.360> collaboration<01:15:29.920> was<01:15:30.080> very<01:15:30.480> loose<01:15:31.600> it<01:15:31.760> was 01:15:31.990 --> 01:15:32.000 align:start position:0% the collaboration was very loose it was 01:15:32.000 --> 01:15:33.110 align:start position:0% the collaboration was very loose it was very<01:15:32.239> hard<01:15:32.480> to<01:15:32.719> bring 01:15:33.110 --> 01:15:33.120 align:start position:0% very hard to bring 01:15:33.120 --> 01:15:35.510 align:start position:0% very hard to bring those<01:15:33.600> four<01:15:33.920> different<01:15:34.320> interests<01:15:34.880> together 01:15:35.510 --> 01:15:35.520 align:start position:0% those four different interests together 01:15:35.520 --> 01:15:36.390 align:start position:0% those four different interests together on<01:15:35.920> focus 01:15:36.390 --> 01:15:36.400 align:start position:0% on focus 01:15:36.400 --> 01:15:37.910 align:start position:0% on focus in<01:15:36.560> fact<01:15:36.800> that<01:15:36.960> was<01:15:37.360> pretty<01:15:37.600> well<01:15:37.760> the 01:15:37.910 --> 01:15:37.920 align:start position:0% in fact that was pretty well the 01:15:37.920 --> 01:15:40.229 align:start position:0% in fact that was pretty well the downfall<01:15:38.400> of<01:15:38.560> our<01:15:38.719> center<01:15:39.120> because<01:15:39.440> the 01:15:40.229 --> 01:15:40.239 align:start position:0% downfall of our center because the 01:15:40.239 --> 01:15:43.350 align:start position:0% downfall of our center because the uh<01:15:40.880> the<01:15:41.040> finances<01:15:41.760> were<01:15:42.080> subdivided 01:15:43.350 --> 01:15:43.360 align:start position:0% uh the finances were subdivided 01:15:43.360 --> 01:15:45.430 align:start position:0% uh the finances were subdivided too<01:15:43.600> early<01:15:44.159> in<01:15:44.320> my<01:15:44.480> opinion<01:15:44.800> but<01:15:44.960> that<01:15:45.120> was<01:15:45.280> the 01:15:45.430 --> 01:15:45.440 align:start position:0% too early in my opinion but that was the 01:15:45.440 --> 01:15:47.270 align:start position:0% too early in my opinion but that was the deal<01:15:45.760> that<01:15:45.920> i<01:15:46.080> had<01:15:46.239> to<01:15:46.320> do 01:15:47.270 --> 01:15:47.280 align:start position:0% deal that i had to do 01:15:47.280 --> 01:15:50.550 align:start position:0% deal that i had to do and<01:15:47.520> it<01:15:47.600> was<01:15:47.760> very<01:15:47.920> hard<01:15:48.239> to<01:15:49.600> jog<01:15:49.920> people<01:15:50.239> away 01:15:50.550 --> 01:15:50.560 align:start position:0% and it was very hard to jog people away 01:15:50.560 --> 01:15:52.070 align:start position:0% and it was very hard to jog people away from<01:15:50.800> their<01:15:51.120> current 01:15:52.070 --> 01:15:52.080 align:start position:0% from their current 01:15:52.080 --> 01:15:53.750 align:start position:0% from their current research<01:15:52.640> interests<01:15:52.960> they<01:15:53.120> were 01:15:53.750 --> 01:15:53.760 align:start position:0% research interests they were 01:15:53.760 --> 01:15:55.430 align:start position:0% research interests they were individually<01:15:54.320> doing<01:15:54.560> extremely<01:15:55.040> well 01:15:55.430 --> 01:15:55.440 align:start position:0% individually doing extremely well 01:15:55.440 --> 01:15:57.910 align:start position:0% individually doing extremely well publishing<01:15:56.000> well<01:15:56.320> getting<01:15:56.560> recognition<01:15:57.679> so 01:15:57.910 --> 01:15:57.920 align:start position:0% publishing well getting recognition so 01:15:57.920 --> 01:15:58.950 align:start position:0% publishing well getting recognition so it<01:15:58.080> probably<01:15:58.400> was<01:15:58.560> not 01:15:58.950 --> 01:15:58.960 align:start position:0% it probably was not 01:15:58.960 --> 01:16:00.870 align:start position:0% it probably was not sufficient<01:15:59.440> incentive<01:16:00.080> to<01:16:00.239> be<01:16:00.560> more 01:16:00.870 --> 01:16:00.880 align:start position:0% sufficient incentive to be more 01:16:00.880 --> 01:16:02.149 align:start position:0% sufficient incentive to be more centrally<01:16:01.360> involved<01:16:01.760> so 01:16:02.149 --> 01:16:02.159 align:start position:0% centrally involved so 01:16:02.159 --> 01:16:04.870 align:start position:0% centrally involved so my<01:16:02.400> job<01:16:02.560> was<01:16:02.719> to<01:16:02.880> actually<01:16:03.120> try<01:16:03.360> and<01:16:03.840> stir<01:16:04.239> up 01:16:04.870 --> 01:16:04.880 align:start position:0% my job was to actually try and stir up 01:16:04.880 --> 01:16:05.510 align:start position:0% my job was to actually try and stir up more<01:16:05.120> and<01:16:05.199> more 01:16:05.510 --> 01:16:05.520 align:start position:0% more and more 01:16:05.520 --> 01:16:07.669 align:start position:0% more and more collaboration<01:16:06.239> i<01:16:06.480> i<01:16:07.040> guess<01:16:07.280> in<01:16:07.360> the<01:16:07.440> end<01:16:07.600> i 01:16:07.669 --> 01:16:07.679 align:start position:0% collaboration i i guess in the end i 01:16:07.679 --> 01:16:08.950 align:start position:0% collaboration i i guess in the end i have<01:16:07.840> to<01:16:07.920> say<01:16:08.080> i<01:16:08.239> failed 01:16:08.950 --> 01:16:08.960 align:start position:0% have to say i failed 01:16:08.960 --> 01:16:11.350 align:start position:0% have to say i failed i<01:16:09.120> couldn't<01:16:09.360> get<01:16:09.520> this<01:16:09.760> to<01:16:09.920> work<01:16:10.719> so<01:16:10.880> they 01:16:11.350 --> 01:16:11.360 align:start position:0% i couldn't get this to work so they 01:16:11.360 --> 01:16:12.709 align:start position:0% i couldn't get this to work so they they're<01:16:11.679> my 01:16:12.709 --> 01:16:12.719 align:start position:0% they're my 01:16:12.719 --> 01:16:14.870 align:start position:0% they're my should<01:16:12.960> be<01:16:13.360> collaborators<01:16:14.159> rather<01:16:14.480> than<01:16:14.719> my 01:16:14.870 --> 01:16:14.880 align:start position:0% should be collaborators rather than my 01:16:14.880 --> 01:16:17.430 align:start position:0% should be collaborators rather than my actor<01:16:15.520> but<01:16:15.760> most<01:16:16.000> of<01:16:16.080> my<01:16:16.320> work<01:16:16.560> i've<01:16:16.719> done 01:16:17.430 --> 01:16:17.440 align:start position:0% actor but most of my work i've done 01:16:17.440 --> 01:16:20.870 align:start position:0% actor but most of my work i've done just<01:16:17.679> with<01:16:17.920> my<01:16:18.159> students<01:16:19.360> and<01:16:20.000> to<01:16:20.239> some<01:16:20.480> extent 01:16:20.870 --> 01:16:20.880 align:start position:0% just with my students and to some extent 01:16:20.880 --> 01:16:22.550 align:start position:0% just with my students and to some extent with<01:16:21.040> my<01:16:21.199> immediate<01:16:21.600> colleagues<01:16:22.080> i<01:16:22.159> haven't 01:16:22.550 --> 01:16:22.560 align:start position:0% with my immediate colleagues i haven't 01:16:22.560 --> 01:16:23.510 align:start position:0% with my immediate colleagues i haven't in<01:16:22.719> fact<01:16:23.040> done 01:16:23.510 --> 01:16:23.520 align:start position:0% in fact done 01:16:23.520 --> 01:16:26.950 align:start position:0% in fact done a<01:16:23.920> great<01:16:24.239> deal<01:16:24.560> of<01:16:25.199> collaboration<01:16:26.480> sort<01:16:26.640> of<01:16:26.800> on 01:16:26.950 --> 01:16:26.960 align:start position:0% a great deal of collaboration sort of on 01:16:26.960 --> 01:16:27.910 align:start position:0% a great deal of collaboration sort of on the<01:16:27.040> ground 01:16:27.910 --> 01:16:27.920 align:start position:0% the ground 01:16:27.920 --> 01:16:31.990 align:start position:0% the ground except<01:16:28.400> in<01:16:28.640> very<01:16:30.560> sort<01:16:30.719> of<01:16:30.880> ethereal<01:16:31.440> terms<01:16:31.840> of 01:16:31.990 --> 01:16:32.000 align:start position:0% except in very sort of ethereal terms of 01:16:32.000 --> 01:16:32.709 align:start position:0% except in very sort of ethereal terms of saying 01:16:32.709 --> 01:16:32.719 align:start position:0% saying 01:16:32.719 --> 01:16:34.709 align:start position:0% saying talking<01:16:33.040> to<01:16:33.120> people<01:16:33.360> at<01:16:33.600> conferences<01:16:34.239> and 01:16:34.709 --> 01:16:34.719 align:start position:0% talking to people at conferences and 01:16:34.719 --> 01:16:36.390 align:start position:0% talking to people at conferences and swapping<01:16:35.199> a<01:16:35.280> few<01:16:35.520> things<01:16:35.840> so 01:16:36.390 --> 01:16:36.400 align:start position:0% swapping a few things so 01:16:36.400 --> 01:16:38.229 align:start position:0% swapping a few things so i<01:16:36.640> found<01:16:36.960> because<01:16:37.360> my<01:16:37.520> work<01:16:37.760> was<01:16:37.920> highly 01:16:38.229 --> 01:16:38.239 align:start position:0% i found because my work was highly 01:16:38.239 --> 01:16:39.990 align:start position:0% i found because my work was highly experimental 01:16:39.990 --> 01:16:40.000 align:start position:0% experimental 01:16:40.000 --> 01:16:42.390 align:start position:0% experimental it<01:16:40.239> wasn't<01:16:40.640> too<01:16:40.880> good<01:16:41.280> just<01:16:41.840> swapping<01:16:42.320> a 01:16:42.390 --> 01:16:42.400 align:start position:0% it wasn't too good just swapping a 01:16:42.400 --> 01:16:44.070 align:start position:0% it wasn't too good just swapping a theoretical<01:16:43.040> paper<01:16:43.360> i<01:16:43.520> actually<01:16:43.760> needed 01:16:44.070 --> 01:16:44.080 align:start position:0% theoretical paper i actually needed 01:16:44.080 --> 01:16:46.149 align:start position:0% theoretical paper i actually needed people<01:16:44.320> who<01:16:44.400> had<01:16:44.640> know<01:16:44.880> how<01:16:45.280> to<01:16:45.440> build<01:16:45.760> things 01:16:46.149 --> 01:16:46.159 align:start position:0% people who had know how to build things 01:16:46.159 --> 01:16:46.390 align:start position:0% people who had know how to build things and 01:16:46.390 --> 01:16:46.400 align:start position:0% and 01:16:46.400 --> 01:16:48.310 align:start position:0% and right<01:16:46.640> there<01:16:46.880> on<01:16:46.960> your<01:16:47.199> particular<01:16:47.520> device<01:16:48.159> so 01:16:48.310 --> 01:16:48.320 align:start position:0% right there on your particular device so 01:16:48.320 --> 01:16:50.630 align:start position:0% right there on your particular device so i<01:16:48.400> didn't<01:16:48.560> collaborate<01:16:49.120> a<01:16:49.199> great<01:16:49.440> deal 01:16:50.630 --> 01:16:50.640 align:start position:0% i didn't collaborate a great deal 01:16:50.640 --> 01:16:53.270 align:start position:0% i didn't collaborate a great deal so<01:16:50.880> um<01:16:51.600> in<01:16:51.760> terms<01:16:52.080> of<01:16:52.640> well<01:16:52.800> one<01:16:52.960> thing<01:16:53.120> that 01:16:53.270 --> 01:16:53.280 align:start position:0% so um in terms of well one thing that 01:16:53.280 --> 01:16:53.750 align:start position:0% so um in terms of well one thing that selma 01:16:53.750 --> 01:16:53.760 align:start position:0% selma 01:16:53.760 --> 01:16:57.110 align:start position:0% selma has<01:16:53.920> been<01:16:54.080> asking<01:16:54.320> everybody<01:16:54.800> is<01:16:55.520> um<01:16:56.640> and 01:16:57.110 --> 01:16:57.120 align:start position:0% has been asking everybody is um and 01:16:57.120 --> 01:16:59.189 align:start position:0% has been asking everybody is um and things<01:16:57.360> are<01:16:57.440> gonna<01:16:57.520> do<01:16:57.679> a<01:16:57.760> piece<01:16:58.000> on<01:16:58.400> education 01:16:59.189 --> 01:16:59.199 align:start position:0% things are gonna do a piece on education 01:16:59.199 --> 01:17:00.950 align:start position:0% things are gonna do a piece on education too<01:16:59.840> uh<01:17:00.080> what<01:17:00.239> are<01:17:00.400> some 01:17:00.950 --> 01:17:00.960 align:start position:0% too uh what are some 01:17:00.960 --> 01:17:02.950 align:start position:0% too uh what are some insights<01:17:01.440> or<01:17:01.600> some<01:17:02.159> advice<01:17:02.560> you<01:17:02.640> might<01:17:02.800> give 01:17:02.950 --> 01:17:02.960 align:start position:0% insights or some advice you might give 01:17:02.960 --> 01:17:03.990 align:start position:0% insights or some advice you might give your<01:17:03.360> students 01:17:03.990 --> 01:17:04.000 align:start position:0% your students 01:17:04.000 --> 01:17:07.990 align:start position:0% your students maybe<01:17:04.320> high<01:17:04.480> school<01:17:04.719> age<01:17:04.960> yeah<01:17:06.000> um 01:17:07.990 --> 01:17:08.000 align:start position:0% maybe high school age yeah um 01:17:08.000 --> 01:17:10.470 align:start position:0% maybe high school age yeah um i<01:17:08.080> guess<01:17:08.320> to<01:17:08.480> start<01:17:08.719> with<01:17:09.600> we<01:17:09.840> found<01:17:10.159> that 01:17:10.470 --> 01:17:10.480 align:start position:0% i guess to start with we found that 01:17:10.480 --> 01:17:12.310 align:start position:0% i guess to start with we found that there<01:17:10.719> were<01:17:10.960> many 01:17:12.310 --> 01:17:12.320 align:start position:0% there were many 01:17:12.320 --> 01:17:15.430 align:start position:0% there were many students<01:17:13.040> in<01:17:13.520> undergraduates<01:17:14.320> who<01:17:15.040> developed 01:17:15.430 --> 01:17:15.440 align:start position:0% students in undergraduates who developed 01:17:15.440 --> 01:17:17.510 align:start position:0% students in undergraduates who developed a<01:17:15.520> strong<01:17:15.840> interest<01:17:16.159> in<01:17:16.320> robotics 01:17:17.510 --> 01:17:17.520 align:start position:0% a strong interest in robotics 01:17:17.520 --> 01:17:20.470 align:start position:0% a strong interest in robotics partly<01:17:18.000> because<01:17:18.480> of<01:17:18.960> a<01:17:19.120> few<01:17:19.360> demonstrations 01:17:20.470 --> 01:17:20.480 align:start position:0% partly because of a few demonstrations 01:17:20.480 --> 01:17:21.590 align:start position:0% partly because of a few demonstrations we<01:17:20.640> could<01:17:20.880> do 01:17:21.590 --> 01:17:21.600 align:start position:0% we could do 01:17:21.600 --> 01:17:25.030 align:start position:0% we could do but<01:17:21.840> also<01:17:22.159> because<01:17:22.880> typically<01:17:24.560> computer 01:17:25.030 --> 01:17:25.040 align:start position:0% but also because typically computer 01:17:25.040 --> 01:17:26.470 align:start position:0% but also because typically computer systems<01:17:25.440> people<01:17:25.679> spend<01:17:25.920> a<01:17:25.920> lot<01:17:26.080> of<01:17:26.159> time 01:17:26.470 --> 01:17:26.480 align:start position:0% systems people spend a lot of time 01:17:26.480 --> 01:17:28.870 align:start position:0% systems people spend a lot of time sitting<01:17:26.960> in<01:17:27.040> front<01:17:27.199> of<01:17:27.280> a<01:17:27.360> computer<01:17:28.560> and<01:17:28.719> i 01:17:28.870 --> 01:17:28.880 align:start position:0% sitting in front of a computer and i 01:17:28.880 --> 01:17:29.990 align:start position:0% sitting in front of a computer and i think<01:17:29.120> the<01:17:29.280> prospect<01:17:29.760> of 01:17:29.990 --> 01:17:30.000 align:start position:0% think the prospect of 01:17:30.000 --> 01:17:31.910 align:start position:0% think the prospect of actually<01:17:30.239> seeing<01:17:30.560> something<01:17:30.960> move<01:17:31.440> was<01:17:31.760> a 01:17:31.910 --> 01:17:31.920 align:start position:0% actually seeing something move was a 01:17:31.920 --> 01:17:33.750 align:start position:0% actually seeing something move was a kind<01:17:32.159> of<01:17:32.400> a<01:17:32.560> refreshing<01:17:33.120> thing 01:17:33.750 --> 01:17:33.760 align:start position:0% kind of a refreshing thing 01:17:33.760 --> 01:17:36.870 align:start position:0% kind of a refreshing thing so<01:17:33.920> i<01:17:34.080> had<01:17:34.239> no<01:17:34.880> lack<01:17:35.120> of<01:17:35.360> interest<01:17:36.159> and 01:17:36.870 --> 01:17:36.880 align:start position:0% so i had no lack of interest and 01:17:36.880 --> 01:17:39.030 align:start position:0% so i had no lack of interest and for<01:17:37.040> a<01:17:37.120> while<01:17:37.440> i<01:17:37.520> was<01:17:37.760> teaching<01:17:38.320> courses<01:17:38.800> in 01:17:39.030 --> 01:17:39.040 align:start position:0% for a while i was teaching courses in 01:17:39.040 --> 01:17:40.229 align:start position:0% for a while i was teaching courses in pattern<01:17:39.360> recognition 01:17:40.229 --> 01:17:40.239 align:start position:0% pattern recognition 01:17:40.239 --> 01:17:43.350 align:start position:0% pattern recognition computer<01:17:40.719> vision<01:17:41.840> tumblr<01:17:42.320> theory 01:17:43.350 --> 01:17:43.360 align:start position:0% computer vision tumblr theory 01:17:43.360 --> 01:17:45.510 align:start position:0% computer vision tumblr theory path<01:17:43.679> planning<01:17:44.159> and<01:17:44.239> they<01:17:45.120> usually 01:17:45.510 --> 01:17:45.520 align:start position:0% path planning and they usually 01:17:45.520 --> 01:17:47.030 align:start position:0% path planning and they usually specialized<01:17:46.239> group<01:17:46.480> of<01:17:46.560> students 01:17:47.030 --> 01:17:47.040 align:start position:0% specialized group of students 01:17:47.040 --> 01:17:48.870 align:start position:0% specialized group of students really<01:17:47.280> interested<01:17:47.760> in<01:17:47.840> this<01:17:48.080> i<01:17:48.239> was<01:17:48.560> always 01:17:48.870 --> 01:17:48.880 align:start position:0% really interested in this i was always 01:17:48.880 --> 01:17:50.870 align:start position:0% really interested in this i was always excited<01:17:49.440> about<01:17:49.920> students<01:17:50.159> who<01:17:50.320> come<01:17:50.560> up<01:17:50.640> with 01:17:50.870 --> 01:17:50.880 align:start position:0% excited about students who come up with 01:17:50.880 --> 01:17:52.790 align:start position:0% excited about students who come up with new<01:17:51.120> ideas<01:17:51.520> in<01:17:51.600> small<01:17:51.920> classes 01:17:52.790 --> 01:17:52.800 align:start position:0% new ideas in small classes 01:17:52.800 --> 01:17:55.830 align:start position:0% new ideas in small classes so<01:17:52.960> i'm<01:17:53.280> very<01:17:54.080> lucky<01:17:54.480> to<01:17:54.640> have<01:17:54.960> small<01:17:55.600> really 01:17:55.830 --> 01:17:55.840 align:start position:0% so i'm very lucky to have small really 01:17:55.840 --> 01:17:57.910 align:start position:0% so i'm very lucky to have small really interested<01:17:56.320> classes<01:17:56.880> made<01:17:57.120> the<01:17:57.280> job<01:17:57.600> much 01:17:57.910 --> 01:17:57.920 align:start position:0% interested classes made the job much 01:17:57.920 --> 01:17:59.030 align:start position:0% interested classes made the job much easier 01:17:59.030 --> 01:17:59.040 align:start position:0% easier 01:17:59.040 --> 01:18:02.550 align:start position:0% easier now<01:18:00.159> some<01:18:00.400> of<01:18:00.560> our<01:18:00.719> students<01:18:01.360> who 01:18:02.550 --> 01:18:02.560 align:start position:0% now some of our students who 01:18:02.560 --> 01:18:05.910 align:start position:0% now some of our students who had<01:18:02.800> an<01:18:02.960> interest<01:18:03.360> in<01:18:03.920> great<01:18:04.880> work<01:18:05.520> would<01:18:05.760> come 01:18:05.910 --> 01:18:05.920 align:start position:0% had an interest in great work would come 01:18:05.920 --> 01:18:07.270 align:start position:0% had an interest in great work would come to<01:18:06.159> us<01:18:06.400> but 01:18:07.270 --> 01:18:07.280 align:start position:0% to us but 01:18:07.280 --> 01:18:10.070 align:start position:0% to us but i<01:18:07.520> think<01:18:07.760> our<01:18:08.480> group<01:18:08.880> attracted<01:18:09.360> more<01:18:09.679> foreign 01:18:10.070 --> 01:18:10.080 align:start position:0% i think our group attracted more foreign 01:18:10.080 --> 01:18:12.070 align:start position:0% i think our group attracted more foreign students<01:18:10.400> than<01:18:10.640> locals<01:18:11.120> in<01:18:11.199> the<01:18:11.360> longer<01:18:11.679> term 01:18:12.070 --> 01:18:12.080 align:start position:0% students than locals in the longer term 01:18:12.080 --> 01:18:16.310 align:start position:0% students than locals in the longer term a<01:18:12.320> lot<01:18:12.480> of<01:18:13.120> students<01:18:13.600> come<01:18:13.920> from 01:18:16.310 --> 01:18:16.320 align:start position:0% 01:18:16.320 --> 01:18:17.910 align:start position:0% some<01:18:16.480> malaysian<01:18:17.040> students<01:18:17.280> some<01:18:17.520> indian 01:18:17.910 --> 01:18:17.920 align:start position:0% some malaysian students some indian 01:18:17.920 --> 01:18:20.630 align:start position:0% some malaysian students some indian students<01:18:19.120> iranian<01:18:19.679> students 01:18:20.630 --> 01:18:20.640 align:start position:0% students iranian students 01:18:20.640 --> 01:18:24.149 align:start position:0% students iranian students and<01:18:20.800> some<01:18:21.040> locals<01:18:21.600> as<01:18:21.760> well 01:18:24.149 --> 01:18:24.159 align:start position:0% 01:18:24.159 --> 01:18:27.430 align:start position:0% so<01:18:24.480> i<01:18:24.640> think<01:18:25.360> the<01:18:25.520> second<01:18:25.840> thing<01:18:26.000> to<01:18:26.159> say<01:18:26.400> is<01:18:26.719> is 01:18:27.430 --> 01:18:27.440 align:start position:0% so i think the second thing to say is is 01:18:27.440 --> 01:18:30.390 align:start position:0% so i think the second thing to say is is we<01:18:27.679> told<01:18:28.000> all<01:18:28.159> our<01:18:28.400> students<01:18:29.040> um<01:18:29.920> at<01:18:30.080> least<01:18:30.320> i 01:18:30.390 --> 01:18:30.400 align:start position:0% we told all our students um at least i 01:18:30.400 --> 01:18:32.310 align:start position:0% we told all our students um at least i told<01:18:30.719> all<01:18:30.880> my<01:18:31.120> students 01:18:32.310 --> 01:18:32.320 align:start position:0% told all my students 01:18:32.320 --> 01:18:36.070 align:start position:0% told all my students uh<01:18:32.800> two<01:18:33.040> things<01:18:33.280> to<01:18:33.440> remember<01:18:34.560> one<01:18:34.880> is 01:18:36.070 --> 01:18:36.080 align:start position:0% uh two things to remember one is 01:18:36.080 --> 01:18:37.910 align:start position:0% uh two things to remember one is don't<01:18:36.400> read<01:18:36.640> any<01:18:36.960> literature<01:18:37.440> until<01:18:37.679> you 01:18:37.910 --> 01:18:37.920 align:start position:0% don't read any literature until you 01:18:37.920 --> 01:18:40.709 align:start position:0% don't read any literature until you started<01:18:38.320> to<01:18:38.640> think<01:18:38.880> about<01:18:39.120> your<01:18:39.360> project 01:18:40.709 --> 01:18:40.719 align:start position:0% started to think about your project 01:18:40.719 --> 01:18:42.149 align:start position:0% started to think about your project that<01:18:40.880> was<01:18:41.040> controversial<01:18:41.679> because<01:18:41.920> everyone 01:18:42.149 --> 01:18:42.159 align:start position:0% that was controversial because everyone 01:18:42.159 --> 01:18:43.669 align:start position:0% that was controversial because everyone said<01:18:42.400> hey<01:18:42.560> you've<01:18:42.640> got<01:18:42.800> to<01:18:42.880> do<01:18:43.040> it<01:18:43.440> i<01:18:43.520> said 01:18:43.669 --> 01:18:43.679 align:start position:0% said hey you've got to do it i said 01:18:43.679 --> 01:18:44.870 align:start position:0% said hey you've got to do it i said don't<01:18:43.920> do<01:18:44.080> it. 01:18:44.870 --> 01:18:44.880 align:start position:0% don't do it. 01:18:44.880 --> 01:18:47.990 align:start position:0% don't do it. i<01:18:45.120> said<01:18:45.360> the<01:18:45.600> three<01:18:45.920> things<01:18:46.159> can<01:18:46.400> happen 01:18:47.990 --> 01:18:48.000 align:start position:0% i said the three things can happen 01:18:48.000 --> 01:18:49.830 align:start position:0% i said the three things can happen one<01:18:48.239> you'll<01:18:48.480> find<01:18:48.800> your<01:18:48.960> ideas<01:18:49.360> have<01:18:49.520> been 01:18:49.830 --> 01:18:49.840 align:start position:0% one you'll find your ideas have been 01:18:49.840 --> 01:18:52.070 align:start position:0% one you'll find your ideas have been already<01:18:50.239> done<01:18:50.640> i<01:18:50.880> put<01:18:51.120> you<01:18:51.280> off 01:18:52.070 --> 01:18:52.080 align:start position:0% already done i put you off 01:18:52.080 --> 01:18:53.990 align:start position:0% already done i put you off the<01:18:52.239> others<01:18:52.480> you<01:18:52.719> find<01:18:52.960> your<01:18:53.120> ideas<01:18:53.600> have<01:18:53.760> not 01:18:53.990 --> 01:18:54.000 align:start position:0% the others you find your ideas have not 01:18:54.000 --> 01:18:56.550 align:start position:0% the others you find your ideas have not been<01:18:54.239> done<01:18:54.400> but<01:18:54.560> for<01:18:54.719> good<01:18:54.960> reason 01:18:56.550 --> 01:18:56.560 align:start position:0% been done but for good reason 01:18:56.560 --> 01:18:59.430 align:start position:0% been done but for good reason and<01:18:56.719> the<01:18:56.880> third<01:18:57.199> thing<01:18:57.440> may<01:18:57.679> be<01:18:58.000> that<01:18:58.320> uh<01:18:59.280> you 01:18:59.430 --> 01:18:59.440 align:start position:0% and the third thing may be that uh you 01:18:59.440 --> 01:19:03.430 align:start position:0% and the third thing may be that uh you feel<01:18:59.760> that<01:19:00.000> you've<01:19:00.400> lost<01:19:00.719> your 01:19:03.430 --> 01:19:03.440 align:start position:0% 01:19:03.440 --> 01:19:05.910 align:start position:0% ownership<01:19:04.000> of<01:19:04.159> something<01:19:04.719> i<01:19:04.880> said<01:19:05.120> actually 01:19:05.910 --> 01:19:05.920 align:start position:0% ownership of something i said actually 01:19:05.920 --> 01:19:09.590 align:start position:0% ownership of something i said actually it's<01:19:06.159> better<01:19:06.560> to<01:19:06.800> think<01:19:07.040> hard<01:19:07.840> have<01:19:08.080> initiated 01:19:09.590 --> 01:19:09.600 align:start position:0% it's better to think hard have initiated 01:19:09.600 --> 01:19:11.750 align:start position:0% it's better to think hard have initiated about<01:19:09.920> a<01:19:10.000> problem<01:19:10.560> and<01:19:10.800> then<01:19:11.360> when<01:19:11.520> you've 01:19:11.750 --> 01:19:11.760 align:start position:0% about a problem and then when you've 01:19:11.760 --> 01:19:13.350 align:start position:0% about a problem and then when you've written<01:19:12.159> down<01:19:12.400> some<01:19:12.640> ideas<01:19:13.040> then<01:19:13.199> you're 01:19:13.350 --> 01:19:13.360 align:start position:0% written down some ideas then you're 01:19:13.360 --> 01:19:14.950 align:start position:0% written down some ideas then you're going<01:19:13.440> to<01:19:13.520> look<01:19:13.679> at<01:19:13.760> the<01:19:13.840> literature 01:19:14.950 --> 01:19:14.960 align:start position:0% going to look at the literature 01:19:14.960 --> 01:19:17.030 align:start position:0% going to look at the literature check<01:19:15.199> it<01:19:15.360> out<01:19:16.239> and<01:19:16.400> that<01:19:16.560> way<01:19:16.719> you'll<01:19:16.880> get 01:19:17.030 --> 01:19:17.040 align:start position:0% check it out and that way you'll get 01:19:17.040 --> 01:19:19.830 align:start position:0% check it out and that way you'll get either<01:19:17.440> affirmation<01:19:18.080> or<01:19:18.239> you'll<01:19:18.400> be<01:19:18.560> diverted 01:19:19.830 --> 01:19:19.840 align:start position:0% either affirmation or you'll be diverted 01:19:19.840 --> 01:19:21.590 align:start position:0% either affirmation or you'll be diverted so<01:19:20.000> the<01:19:20.159> literature<01:19:20.640> i<01:19:20.800> said<01:19:21.040> was<01:19:21.199> actually 01:19:21.590 --> 01:19:21.600 align:start position:0% so the literature i said was actually 01:19:21.600 --> 01:19:23.750 align:start position:0% so the literature i said was actually corrosive<01:19:22.239> it<01:19:22.320> would<01:19:22.480> spoil<01:19:22.960> your 01:19:23.750 --> 01:19:23.760 align:start position:0% corrosive it would spoil your 01:19:23.760 --> 01:19:25.669 align:start position:0% corrosive it would spoil your your<01:19:24.560> creativity<01:19:25.199> and<01:19:25.360> that<01:19:25.520> was 01:19:25.669 --> 01:19:25.679 align:start position:0% your creativity and that was 01:19:25.679 --> 01:19:27.189 align:start position:0% your creativity and that was controversial<01:19:26.239> but<01:19:26.400> those<01:19:26.719> students<01:19:27.040> that 01:19:27.189 --> 01:19:27.199 align:start position:0% controversial but those students that 01:19:27.199 --> 01:19:28.870 align:start position:0% controversial but those students that did<01:19:27.360> that<01:19:27.600> actually<01:19:27.920> i<01:19:28.000> think<01:19:28.239> got<01:19:28.400> a<01:19:28.480> lot<01:19:28.719> out 01:19:28.870 --> 01:19:28.880 align:start position:0% did that actually i think got a lot out 01:19:28.880 --> 01:19:30.310 align:start position:0% did that actually i think got a lot out of<01:19:28.960> that 01:19:30.310 --> 01:19:30.320 align:start position:0% of that 01:19:30.320 --> 01:19:32.229 align:start position:0% of that yeah<01:19:30.560> i<01:19:30.640> could<01:19:30.800> see<01:19:30.960> that<01:19:31.199> because<01:19:32.000> the<01:19:32.080> other 01:19:32.229 --> 01:19:32.239 align:start position:0% yeah i could see that because the other 01:19:32.239 --> 01:19:33.590 align:start position:0% yeah i could see that because the other side<01:19:32.480> is<01:19:32.719> even<01:19:32.960> just 01:19:33.590 --> 01:19:33.600 align:start position:0% side is even just 01:19:33.600 --> 01:19:35.350 align:start position:0% side is even just looking<01:19:33.920> at<01:19:34.000> a<01:19:34.080> problem<01:19:34.480> a<01:19:34.560> certain<01:19:34.880> way<01:19:35.280> and 01:19:35.350 --> 01:19:35.360 align:start position:0% looking at a problem a certain way and 01:19:35.360 --> 01:19:36.630 align:start position:0% looking at a problem a certain way and once<01:19:35.600> you<01:19:35.679> start<01:19:36.159> seeing 01:19:36.630 --> 01:19:36.640 align:start position:0% once you start seeing 01:19:36.640 --> 01:19:37.990 align:start position:0% once you start seeing yeah<01:19:36.800> it<01:19:36.880> could<01:19:37.040> be<01:19:37.199> just<01:19:37.360> slightly<01:19:37.679> different 01:19:37.990 --> 01:19:38.000 align:start position:0% yeah it could be just slightly different 01:19:38.000 --> 01:19:39.669 align:start position:0% yeah it could be just slightly different you<01:19:38.400> may<01:19:38.640> have<01:19:38.719> found<01:19:38.960> something<01:19:39.280> new 01:19:39.669 --> 01:19:39.679 align:start position:0% you may have found something new 01:19:39.679 --> 01:19:41.430 align:start position:0% you may have found something new and<01:19:39.840> that<01:19:40.080> newness<01:19:40.480> is<01:19:40.640> kind<01:19:40.880> of<01:19:40.960> gone<01:19:41.199> because 01:19:41.430 --> 01:19:41.440 align:start position:0% and that newness is kind of gone because 01:19:41.440 --> 01:19:43.270 align:start position:0% and that newness is kind of gone because you've<01:19:41.600> been<01:19:41.760> distracted<01:19:42.560> the<01:19:42.719> second<01:19:43.040> thing 01:19:43.270 --> 01:19:43.280 align:start position:0% you've been distracted the second thing 01:19:43.280 --> 01:19:43.750 align:start position:0% you've been distracted the second thing i<01:19:43.440> think 01:19:43.750 --> 01:19:43.760 align:start position:0% i think 01:19:43.760 --> 01:19:46.149 align:start position:0% i think i've<01:19:43.920> told<01:19:44.320> all<01:19:44.560> my<01:19:44.880> students<01:19:45.280> is<01:19:45.440> that<01:19:45.760> in 01:19:46.149 --> 01:19:46.159 align:start position:0% i've told all my students is that in 01:19:46.159 --> 01:19:47.669 align:start position:0% i've told all my students is that in this<01:19:46.400> center 01:19:47.669 --> 01:19:47.679 align:start position:0% this center 01:19:47.679 --> 01:19:49.830 align:start position:0% this center we're<01:19:48.000> only<01:19:48.239> interested<01:19:48.800> in<01:19:49.120> theories<01:19:49.600> that 01:19:49.830 --> 01:19:49.840 align:start position:0% we're only interested in theories that 01:19:49.840 --> 01:19:51.110 align:start position:0% we're only interested in theories that can<01:19:50.000> be<01:19:50.239> proven 01:19:51.110 --> 01:19:51.120 align:start position:0% can be proven 01:19:51.120 --> 01:19:53.669 align:start position:0% can be proven with<01:19:51.520> physical<01:19:52.000> experiment<01:19:53.120> you<01:19:53.280> tell<01:19:53.440> them 01:19:53.669 --> 01:19:53.679 align:start position:0% with physical experiment you tell them 01:19:53.679 --> 01:19:55.189 align:start position:0% with physical experiment you tell them right<01:19:53.840> from<01:19:54.000> the<01:19:54.000> beginning 01:19:55.189 --> 01:19:55.199 align:start position:0% right from the beginning 01:19:55.199 --> 01:19:57.030 align:start position:0% right from the beginning have<01:19:55.440> good<01:19:55.679> theories<01:19:56.080> but<01:19:56.239> we<01:19:56.400> wanted<01:19:56.640> to<01:19:56.800> see 01:19:57.030 --> 01:19:57.040 align:start position:0% have good theories but we wanted to see 01:19:57.040 --> 01:19:59.510 align:start position:0% have good theories but we wanted to see the<01:19:57.199> thing<01:19:57.920> move<01:19:58.239> correctly 01:19:59.510 --> 01:19:59.520 align:start position:0% the thing move correctly 01:19:59.520 --> 01:20:01.750 align:start position:0% the thing move correctly and<01:19:59.679> that<01:19:59.920> was<01:20:00.239> always<01:20:00.640> the<01:20:01.040> the<01:20:01.360> kind<01:20:01.600> of 01:20:01.750 --> 01:20:01.760 align:start position:0% and that was always the the kind of 01:20:01.760 --> 01:20:03.510 align:start position:0% and that was always the the kind of motto<01:20:02.159> of<01:20:02.320> our<01:20:02.560> group<01:20:02.800> in<01:20:03.040> fact<01:20:03.199> all<01:20:03.360> my 01:20:03.510 --> 01:20:03.520 align:start position:0% motto of our group in fact all my 01:20:03.520 --> 01:20:03.990 align:start position:0% motto of our group in fact all my colleagues 01:20:03.990 --> 01:20:04.000 align:start position:0% colleagues 01:20:04.000 --> 01:20:06.149 align:start position:0% colleagues believed<01:20:04.320> in<01:20:04.400> that<01:20:04.719> too<01:20:05.360> so<01:20:05.520> that<01:20:05.760> was<01:20:05.920> good 01:20:06.149 --> 01:20:06.159 align:start position:0% believed in that too so that was good 01:20:06.159 --> 01:20:07.350 align:start position:0% believed in that too so that was good because<01:20:06.400> it<01:20:06.480> meant<01:20:06.800> that 01:20:07.350 --> 01:20:07.360 align:start position:0% because it meant that 01:20:07.360 --> 01:20:09.270 align:start position:0% because it meant that if<01:20:07.600> you<01:20:07.679> had<01:20:08.159> someone<01:20:08.480> that<01:20:08.639> was<01:20:08.800> just<01:20:08.960> strong 01:20:09.270 --> 01:20:09.280 align:start position:0% if you had someone that was just strong 01:20:09.280 --> 01:20:11.430 align:start position:0% if you had someone that was just strong in<01:20:09.600> computer<01:20:10.080> science<01:20:10.560> but<01:20:10.719> had<01:20:10.960> done<01:20:11.199> very 01:20:11.430 --> 01:20:11.440 align:start position:0% in computer science but had done very 01:20:11.440 --> 01:20:12.390 align:start position:0% in computer science but had done very little 01:20:12.390 --> 01:20:12.400 align:start position:0% little 01:20:12.400 --> 01:20:15.590 align:start position:0% little hobby<01:20:13.120> type<01:20:13.440> things<01:20:13.920> they<01:20:14.320> got<01:20:14.880> told<01:20:15.199> well<01:20:15.440> you 01:20:15.590 --> 01:20:15.600 align:start position:0% hobby type things they got told well you 01:20:15.600 --> 01:20:17.189 align:start position:0% hobby type things they got told well you better<01:20:15.760> find<01:20:16.000> out<01:20:16.080> how<01:20:16.239> to<01:20:16.320> make<01:20:16.560> something<01:20:16.960> go 01:20:17.189 --> 01:20:17.199 align:start position:0% better find out how to make something go 01:20:17.199 --> 01:20:17.990 align:start position:0% better find out how to make something go and<01:20:17.280> talk<01:20:17.520> to<01:20:17.679> the 01:20:17.990 --> 01:20:18.000 align:start position:0% and talk to the 01:20:18.000 --> 01:20:19.830 align:start position:0% and talk to the people<01:20:18.239> in<01:20:18.400> the<01:20:18.480> machine<01:20:18.880> shop<01:20:19.199> get<01:20:19.360> to<01:20:19.600> make 01:20:19.830 --> 01:20:19.840 align:start position:0% people in the machine shop get to make 01:20:19.840 --> 01:20:21.830 align:start position:0% people in the machine shop get to make your<01:20:20.080> things<01:20:20.719> know<01:20:20.880> how<01:20:21.040> to<01:20:21.199> put<01:20:21.360> the<01:20:21.520> wheels 01:20:21.830 --> 01:20:21.840 align:start position:0% your things know how to put the wheels 01:20:21.840 --> 01:20:23.830 align:start position:0% your things know how to put the wheels on<01:20:22.080> and<01:20:22.159> stuff<01:20:22.400> like<01:20:22.560> that<01:20:22.800> so 01:20:23.830 --> 01:20:23.840 align:start position:0% on and stuff like that so 01:20:23.840 --> 01:20:26.950 align:start position:0% on and stuff like that so our<01:20:24.080> students<01:20:24.400> generally<01:20:24.960> were<01:20:25.199> able<01:20:25.520> to<01:20:26.400> uh 01:20:26.950 --> 01:20:26.960 align:start position:0% our students generally were able to uh 01:20:26.960 --> 01:20:29.110 align:start position:0% our students generally were able to uh were<01:20:27.199> good<01:20:27.520> at<01:20:27.920> maintenance<01:20:28.480> of<01:20:28.639> their<01:20:28.880> own 01:20:29.110 --> 01:20:29.120 align:start position:0% were good at maintenance of their own 01:20:29.120 --> 01:20:30.950 align:start position:0% were good at maintenance of their own projects 01:20:30.950 --> 01:20:30.960 align:start position:0% projects 01:20:30.960 --> 01:20:32.709 align:start position:0% projects all right<01:20:31.199> so<01:20:31.360> that<01:20:31.679> that<01:20:32.000> was<01:20:32.239> the<01:20:32.400> second 01:20:32.709 --> 01:20:32.719 align:start position:0% all right so that that was the second 01:20:32.719 --> 01:20:34.709 align:start position:0% all right so that that was the second thing<01:20:32.960> i<01:20:33.040> guess<01:20:33.280> the<01:20:33.440> third<01:20:33.679> thing<01:20:33.920> was 01:20:34.709 --> 01:20:34.719 align:start position:0% thing i guess the third thing was 01:20:34.719 --> 01:20:36.790 align:start position:0% thing i guess the third thing was uh<01:20:34.960> once<01:20:35.199> you've<01:20:35.600> got<01:20:35.840> this<01:20:36.080> idea<01:20:36.560> and<01:20:36.639> you've 01:20:36.790 --> 01:20:36.800 align:start position:0% uh once you've got this idea and you've 01:20:36.800 --> 01:20:38.550 align:start position:0% uh once you've got this idea and you've looked<01:20:37.040> at<01:20:37.120> the<01:20:37.280> literature 01:20:38.550 --> 01:20:38.560 align:start position:0% looked at the literature 01:20:38.560 --> 01:20:41.750 align:start position:0% looked at the literature uh<01:20:39.679> it<01:20:40.159> sort<01:20:40.320> of<01:20:40.480> aimed<01:20:40.719> pretty<01:20:40.960> high 01:20:41.750 --> 01:20:41.760 align:start position:0% uh it sort of aimed pretty high 01:20:41.760 --> 01:20:44.950 align:start position:0% uh it sort of aimed pretty high right<01:20:43.360> there's<01:20:43.600> no<01:20:43.760> use<01:20:44.080> just<01:20:44.400> incrementing 01:20:44.950 --> 01:20:44.960 align:start position:0% right there's no use just incrementing 01:20:44.960 --> 01:20:46.149 align:start position:0% right there's no use just incrementing an<01:20:45.120> idea<01:20:45.600> by 01:20:46.149 --> 01:20:46.159 align:start position:0% an idea by 01:20:46.159 --> 01:20:49.110 align:start position:0% an idea by epsilon<01:20:47.520> aim<01:20:47.760> for<01:20:47.920> something<01:20:48.320> exciting<01:20:48.960> and 01:20:49.110 --> 01:20:49.120 align:start position:0% epsilon aim for something exciting and 01:20:49.120 --> 01:20:50.870 align:start position:0% epsilon aim for something exciting and even<01:20:49.360> if<01:20:49.440> you<01:20:49.520> don't<01:20:49.840> quite<01:20:50.080> get<01:20:50.320> there<01:20:50.639> well 01:20:50.870 --> 01:20:50.880 align:start position:0% even if you don't quite get there well 01:20:50.880 --> 01:20:52.709 align:start position:0% even if you don't quite get there well you'll<01:20:51.040> get<01:20:51.199> a<01:20:51.280> better<01:20:51.520> thesis<01:20:51.920> thing 01:20:52.709 --> 01:20:52.719 align:start position:0% you'll get a better thesis thing 01:20:52.719 --> 01:20:55.510 align:start position:0% you'll get a better thesis thing okay<01:20:53.840> yeah<01:20:54.639> sounds<01:20:54.880> great<01:20:55.199> we<01:20:55.280> really 01:20:55.510 --> 01:20:55.520 align:start position:0% okay yeah sounds great we really 01:20:55.520 --> 01:20:58.239 align:start position:0% okay yeah sounds great we really appreciate<01:20:56.000> it