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Language: en

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start<00:00:00.480><c> by</c><00:00:00.640><c> telling</c><00:00:01.040><c> us</c><00:00:01.599><c> where</c><00:00:01.760><c> you</c><00:00:01.920><c> were</c><00:00:02.080><c> born</c>

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start by telling us where you were born
 

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start by telling us where you were born
and<00:00:02.639><c> where</c><00:00:02.879><c> you</c><00:00:03.040><c> grew</c><00:00:03.280><c> up</c><00:00:03.439><c> and</c><00:00:03.520><c> went</c><00:00:03.760><c> to</c><00:00:03.840><c> school</c>

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and where you grew up and went to school
 

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and where you grew up and went to school
sure<00:00:05.600><c> i'm</c><00:00:05.920><c> allison</c><00:00:06.399><c> okamura</c><00:00:07.120><c> i</c><00:00:07.359><c> grew</c><00:00:07.600><c> up</c><00:00:08.000><c> in</c>

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sure i'm allison okamura i grew up in
 

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sure i'm allison okamura i grew up in
riverside<00:00:09.040><c> california</c><00:00:10.080><c> in</c><00:00:10.160><c> the</c><00:00:10.400><c> usa</c>

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riverside california in the usa
 

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riverside california in the usa
well<00:00:12.559><c> i</c><00:00:12.639><c> guess</c><00:00:12.799><c> i</c><00:00:12.960><c> was</c><00:00:13.200><c> born</c><00:00:13.519><c> in</c><00:00:13.599><c> fontana</c>

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well i guess i was born in fontana
 

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well i guess i was born in fontana
california<00:00:14.799><c> but</c><00:00:14.960><c> grew</c><00:00:15.120><c> up</c><00:00:15.280><c> in</c><00:00:15.360><c> riverside</c>

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california but grew up in riverside
 

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california but grew up in riverside
i<00:00:18.080><c> saw</c><00:00:18.400><c> college</c><00:00:18.720><c> and</c><00:00:18.800><c> grad</c><00:00:18.960><c> school</c><00:00:19.600><c> i</c><00:00:19.920><c> went</c><00:00:20.160><c> to</c>

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i saw college and grad school i went to
 

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i saw college and grad school i went to
college<00:00:20.480><c> at</c><00:00:20.560><c> uc</c><00:00:20.960><c> berkeley</c><00:00:21.520><c> where</c><00:00:21.680><c> i</c><00:00:21.760><c> was</c><00:00:22.000><c> a</c>

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college at uc berkeley where i was a
 

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college at uc berkeley where i was a
mechanical<00:00:22.560><c> engineering</c><00:00:23.039><c> major</c>

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mechanical engineering major
 

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mechanical engineering major
and<00:00:24.320><c> i</c><00:00:24.560><c> did</c><00:00:24.720><c> my</c><00:00:24.880><c> masters</c><00:00:25.279><c> in</c><00:00:25.359><c> phd</c><00:00:25.840><c> at</c><00:00:25.920><c> stanford</c>

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and i did my masters in phd at stanford
 

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and i did my masters in phd at stanford
university<00:00:27.119><c> where</c><00:00:27.359><c> i</c><00:00:27.439><c> was</c><00:00:27.599><c> also</c><00:00:27.840><c> a</c><00:00:27.920><c> mechanical</c>

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university where i was also a mechanical
 

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university where i was also a mechanical
engineering<00:00:28.840><c> major</c>

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engineering major
 

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engineering major
and<00:00:33.440><c> were</c><00:00:33.680><c> you</c><00:00:33.760><c> doing</c><00:00:34.000><c> robotics</c><00:00:34.640><c> as</c>

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and were you doing robotics as
 

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and were you doing robotics as
an<00:00:35.280><c> undergrad</c><00:00:35.840><c> or</c><00:00:36.559><c> as</c><00:00:36.719><c> an</c><00:00:36.880><c> undergraduate</c><00:00:37.440><c> i</c>

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an undergrad or as an undergraduate i
 

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an undergrad or as an undergraduate i
did<00:00:37.760><c> not</c><00:00:38.160><c> do</c>

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did not do
 

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did not do
any<00:00:39.120><c> robotics</c><00:00:40.239><c> i</c><00:00:40.480><c> uh</c><00:00:41.120><c> i</c>

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any robotics i uh i
 

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any robotics i uh i
did<00:00:41.680><c> some</c><00:00:41.920><c> research</c><00:00:42.320><c> i</c><00:00:42.480><c> was</c><00:00:42.559><c> working</c><00:00:42.879><c> for</c><00:00:43.040><c> a</c>

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did some research i was working for a
 

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did some research i was working for a
professor

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professor
 

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professor
but<00:00:45.200><c> it</c><00:00:45.280><c> was</c><00:00:45.440><c> more</c><00:00:45.680><c> about</c><00:00:46.559><c> education</c><00:00:47.120><c> and</c><00:00:47.280><c> how</c>

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but it was more about education and how
 

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but it was more about education and how
students<00:00:47.840><c> learned</c><00:00:48.079><c> to</c><00:00:48.239><c> use</c><00:00:48.559><c> computer</c>

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students learned to use computer
 

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students learned to use computer
design<00:00:49.600><c> programs</c><00:00:51.039><c> so</c><00:00:51.199><c> what</c><00:00:51.600><c> was</c><00:00:51.840><c> your</c><00:00:51.920><c> first</c>

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design programs so what was your first
 

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design programs so what was your first
robotics<00:00:52.800><c> project</c>

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i'd<00:00:55.760><c> probably</c><00:00:56.079><c> say</c><00:00:56.239><c> my</c><00:00:56.480><c> first</c><00:00:56.719><c> robotics</c>

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i'd probably say my first robotics
 

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i'd probably say my first robotics
project<00:00:58.320><c> was</c>

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project was
 

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project was
in<00:00:59.520><c> graduate</c><00:01:00.000><c> school</c><00:01:00.640><c> when</c><00:01:01.359><c> i</c><00:01:02.000><c> worked</c><00:01:02.239><c> in</c><00:01:02.320><c> the</c>

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in graduate school when i worked in the
 

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in graduate school when i worked in the
lab<00:01:02.800><c> of</c><00:01:03.039><c> the</c><00:01:03.120><c> person</c><00:01:03.440><c> that</c><00:01:03.600><c> became</c><00:01:03.920><c> my</c>

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lab of the person that became my
 

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lab of the person that became my
my<00:01:04.479><c> phd</c><00:01:05.040><c> advisor</c><00:01:06.240><c> and</c><00:01:06.479><c> who</c><00:01:06.560><c> was</c><00:01:06.720><c> that</c>

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my phd advisor and who was that
 

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my phd advisor and who was that
that<00:01:07.520><c> was</c><00:01:07.760><c> mark</c><00:01:08.000><c> kutkoski</c><00:01:08.720><c> at</c><00:01:08.880><c> stanford</c>

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that was mark kutkoski at stanford
 

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that was mark kutkoski at stanford
and<00:01:10.720><c> what</c><00:01:10.880><c> was</c><00:01:11.040><c> the</c><00:01:11.200><c> project</c><00:01:11.600><c> that</c><00:01:11.760><c> you</c><00:01:11.920><c> worked</c>

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and what was the project that you worked
 

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and what was the project that you worked
on<00:01:12.720><c> uh</c><00:01:13.200><c> so</c><00:01:13.439><c> my</c>

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on uh so my
 

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on uh so my
uh<00:01:14.799><c> very</c><00:01:15.119><c> first</c><00:01:15.520><c> project</c><00:01:16.159><c> was</c><00:01:16.479><c> to</c><00:01:16.640><c> get</c><00:01:17.040><c> a</c>

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uh very first project was to get a
 

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uh very first project was to get a
couple<00:01:17.759><c> of</c><00:01:17.920><c> robot</c><00:01:18.400><c> fingers</c>

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couple of robot fingers
 

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couple of robot fingers
to<00:01:19.680><c> manipulate</c><00:01:20.720><c> an</c><00:01:20.960><c> object</c><00:01:21.600><c> uh</c>

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to manipulate an object uh
 

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to manipulate an object uh
i<00:01:22.400><c> don't</c><00:01:22.560><c> know</c><00:01:22.720><c> if</c><00:01:22.960><c> it</c><00:01:23.040><c> was</c><00:01:23.360><c> uh</c><00:01:23.759><c> like</c><00:01:24.000><c> really</c><00:01:24.320><c> a</c>

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i don't know if it was uh like really a
 

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i don't know if it was uh like really a
new<00:01:24.880><c> research</c><00:01:25.360><c> people</c><00:01:25.600><c> had</c><00:01:25.840><c> done</c><00:01:26.000><c> it</c><00:01:26.159><c> before</c>

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new research people had done it before
 

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new research people had done it before
but<00:01:26.640><c> we</c><00:01:26.799><c> were</c><00:01:26.960><c> trying</c><00:01:27.119><c> to</c><00:01:27.280><c> analyze</c><00:01:27.600><c> if</c><00:01:27.680><c> you</c>

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but we were trying to analyze if you
 

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but we were trying to analyze if you
move<00:01:28.000><c> an</c><00:01:28.159><c> object</c><00:01:28.479><c> from</c><00:01:28.640><c> here</c><00:01:28.960><c> to</c><00:01:29.119><c> here</c><00:01:29.360><c> with</c>

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move an object from here to here with
 

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move an object from here to here with
some<00:01:29.680><c> robot</c><00:01:30.079><c> fingers</c><00:01:30.479><c> and</c>

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some robot fingers and
 

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some robot fingers and
what<00:01:31.680><c> uh</c><00:01:32.400><c> makes</c><00:01:32.640><c> it</c><00:01:32.720><c> complicated</c><00:01:33.360><c> is</c><00:01:33.520><c> we</c><00:01:33.680><c> move</c>

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what uh makes it complicated is we move
 

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what uh makes it complicated is we move
it<00:01:34.079><c> and</c><00:01:34.159><c> we</c><00:01:34.320><c> change</c><00:01:34.640><c> the</c><00:01:34.720><c> contact</c><00:01:35.200><c> point</c><00:01:35.360><c> so</c>

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it and we change the contact point so
 

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it and we change the contact point so
the<00:01:35.680><c> fingers</c><00:01:36.000><c> have</c><00:01:36.159><c> some</c><00:01:36.400><c> curvature</c><00:01:37.040><c> and</c><00:01:37.119><c> so</c>

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the fingers have some curvature and so
 

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the fingers have some curvature and so
you<00:01:37.439><c> have</c><00:01:37.520><c> this</c><00:01:37.840><c> rolling</c><00:01:38.240><c> motion</c><00:01:38.560><c> of</c><00:01:38.640><c> the</c>

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you have this rolling motion of the
 

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you have this rolling motion of the
finger<00:01:39.119><c> over</c><00:01:39.280><c> the</c><00:01:39.439><c> object</c>

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finger over the object
 

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finger over the object
and<00:01:40.479><c> so</c><00:01:40.720><c> calculating</c><00:01:41.200><c> the</c><00:01:41.280><c> kinematics</c><00:01:41.840><c> of</c><00:01:42.000><c> all</c>

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and so calculating the kinematics of all
 

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and so calculating the kinematics of all
those<00:01:42.399><c> rolling</c><00:01:42.799><c> kinematic</c><00:01:43.280><c> constraints</c>

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those rolling kinematic constraints
 

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those rolling kinematic constraints
and<00:01:45.520><c> does</c><00:01:45.680><c> that</c><00:01:45.840><c> give</c><00:01:46.000><c> you</c><00:01:46.240><c> a</c><00:01:46.240><c> lot</c><00:01:46.399><c> more</c>

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and does that give you a lot more
 

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and does that give you a lot more
dexterity<00:01:47.920><c> yeah</c><00:01:48.079><c> so</c><00:01:48.240><c> the</c><00:01:48.479><c> idea</c><00:01:48.880><c> is</c><00:01:48.960><c> that</c>

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dexterity yeah so the idea is that
 

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dexterity yeah so the idea is that
rather<00:01:49.439><c> than</c><00:01:49.520><c> have</c><00:01:49.759><c> robot</c><00:01:50.159><c> hands</c><00:01:50.479><c> that</c><00:01:50.640><c> just</c>

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rather than have robot hands that just
 

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rather than have robot hands that just
grab<00:01:51.360><c> things</c><00:01:51.840><c> and</c><00:01:52.000><c> then</c><00:01:52.240><c> move</c><00:01:52.479><c> them</c><00:01:52.640><c> around</c><00:01:53.040><c> as</c>

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grab things and then move them around as
 

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grab things and then move them around as
rigid<00:01:53.680><c> bodies</c><00:01:54.079><c> you</c><00:01:54.240><c> do</c><00:01:54.399><c> this</c><00:01:54.560><c> sort</c><00:01:54.720><c> of</c><00:01:54.880><c> local</c>

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rigid bodies you do this sort of local
 

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rigid bodies you do this sort of local
dexterous<00:01:55.600><c> manipulation</c>

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dexterous manipulation
 

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dexterous manipulation
and<00:01:56.799><c> so</c><00:01:56.960><c> we</c><00:01:57.119><c> define</c><00:01:57.520><c> dexter's</c><00:01:57.920><c> manipulation</c>

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and so we define dexter's manipulation
 

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and so we define dexter's manipulation
as<00:01:58.719><c> one</c><00:01:58.960><c> where</c><00:01:59.119><c> the</c><00:01:59.360><c> contact</c><00:01:59.840><c> point</c><00:02:00.240><c> changes</c>

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as one where the contact point changes
 

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as one where the contact point changes
over<00:02:01.119><c> the</c><00:02:01.520><c> surface</c><00:02:02.000><c> of</c><00:02:02.320><c> the</c><00:02:02.479><c> fingers</c>

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over the surface of the fingers
 

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over the surface of the fingers
and<00:02:04.159><c> so</c><00:02:04.320><c> do</c><00:02:04.399><c> you</c><00:02:04.479><c> need</c><00:02:04.640><c> a</c><00:02:04.719><c> lot</c><00:02:04.880><c> of</c><00:02:04.960><c> sensory</c>

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and so do you need a lot of sensory
 

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and so do you need a lot of sensory
feedback<00:02:05.920><c> to</c><00:02:06.079><c> do</c><00:02:06.240><c> that</c>

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feedback to do that
 

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feedback to do that
uh<00:02:07.840><c> yes</c><00:02:08.479><c> we</c><00:02:08.640><c> think</c><00:02:08.800><c> so</c><00:02:09.119><c> so</c><00:02:09.599><c> you</c><00:02:09.679><c> know</c><00:02:09.840><c> at</c><00:02:09.920><c> the</c>

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uh yes we think so so you know at the
 

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uh yes we think so so you know at the
time<00:02:10.239><c> we</c><00:02:10.399><c> were</c><00:02:10.560><c> just</c><00:02:10.720><c> pre-computing</c><00:02:11.760><c> you</c><00:02:11.840><c> know</c>

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time we were just pre-computing you know
 

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time we were just pre-computing you know
what<00:02:12.239><c> finger</c><00:02:12.560><c> movements</c><00:02:12.879><c> you</c><00:02:12.959><c> would</c><00:02:13.120><c> need</c><00:02:13.360><c> to</c>

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what finger movements you would need to
 

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what finger movements you would need to
move

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move
 

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move
an<00:02:14.080><c> object</c><00:02:14.959><c> uh</c><00:02:15.360><c> but</c><00:02:16.239><c> we</c><00:02:16.560><c> also</c><00:02:16.879><c> looked</c><00:02:17.200><c> at</c>

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an object uh but we also looked at
 

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an object uh but we also looked at
various<00:02:17.920><c> ways</c><00:02:18.239><c> to</c><00:02:18.879><c> to</c><00:02:19.360><c> sense</c><00:02:19.599><c> that</c>

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various ways to to sense that
 

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various ways to to sense that
information

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information
 

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information
we<00:02:20.959><c> were</c><00:02:21.280><c> trying</c><00:02:21.599><c> to</c><00:02:21.680><c> get</c><00:02:22.000><c> away</c><00:02:22.400><c> from</c><00:02:22.560><c> the</c><00:02:22.800><c> idea</c>

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we were trying to get away from the idea
 

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we were trying to get away from the idea
that<00:02:23.440><c> you</c><00:02:23.599><c> would</c><00:02:23.760><c> have</c><00:02:24.080><c> this</c><00:02:24.400><c> like</c>

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that you would have this like
 

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that you would have this like
distributed<00:02:25.200><c> array</c><00:02:25.599><c> of</c><00:02:25.760><c> sensors</c><00:02:26.239><c> that</c><00:02:26.319><c> would</c>

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distributed array of sensors that would
 

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distributed array of sensors that would
let<00:02:26.640><c> you</c><00:02:26.720><c> know</c><00:02:26.879><c> the</c><00:02:27.040><c> contact</c><00:02:27.599><c> point</c><00:02:27.920><c> at</c><00:02:28.000><c> every</c>

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let you know the contact point at every
 

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let you know the contact point at every
location

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location
 

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location
uh<00:02:29.760><c> but</c><00:02:30.080><c> prior</c><00:02:30.480><c> graduate</c><00:02:30.879><c> students</c><00:02:31.120><c> in</c>

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uh but prior graduate students in
 

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uh but prior graduate students in
markowski's<00:02:32.080><c> lab</c><00:02:32.400><c> had</c>

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markowski's lab had
 

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markowski's lab had
looked<00:02:33.040><c> at</c><00:02:33.120><c> things</c><00:02:33.280><c> like</c><00:02:33.519><c> knowing</c><00:02:33.840><c> when</c><00:02:34.000><c> the</c>

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looked at things like knowing when the
 

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looked at things like knowing when the
when<00:02:34.560><c> they</c><00:02:34.800><c> slip</c><00:02:35.280><c> instead</c><00:02:35.519><c> of</c><00:02:35.760><c> roll</c>

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when they slip instead of roll
 

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when they slip instead of roll
by<00:02:36.480><c> having</c><00:02:36.720><c> little</c><00:02:36.959><c> accelerometers</c><00:02:37.840><c> that</c>

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by having little accelerometers that
 

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by having little accelerometers that
would<00:02:38.720><c> sense</c><00:02:39.040><c> the</c><00:02:39.120><c> vibrations</c><00:02:39.760><c> that</c><00:02:39.840><c> would</c>

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would sense the vibrations that would
 

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would sense the vibrations that would
occur<00:02:40.319><c> during</c><00:02:40.640><c> slip</c>

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occur during slip
 

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occur during slip
so<00:02:41.840><c> i'm</c><00:02:42.000><c> trying</c><00:02:42.319><c> to</c><00:02:42.480><c> use</c><00:02:43.040><c> uh</c><00:02:43.599><c> i</c><00:02:43.760><c> guess</c><00:02:44.080><c> simpler</c>

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so i'm trying to use uh i guess simpler
 

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so i'm trying to use uh i guess simpler
more<00:02:46.319><c> dispersed</c><00:02:46.959><c> sensors</c><00:02:47.519><c> rather</c><00:02:47.760><c> than</c><00:02:48.000><c> some</c>

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more dispersed sensors rather than some
 

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more dispersed sensors rather than some
really<00:02:48.560><c> complicated</c>

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really complicated
 

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really complicated
sensor<00:02:49.920><c> net</c><00:02:50.480><c> on</c><00:02:50.640><c> the</c><00:02:50.800><c> hand</c><00:02:51.840><c> and</c><00:02:51.920><c> at</c><00:02:52.080><c> that</c><00:02:52.239><c> point</c>

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sensor net on the hand and at that point
 

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sensor net on the hand and at that point
did<00:02:52.560><c> you</c><00:02:52.720><c> realize</c><00:02:52.959><c> you</c><00:02:53.120><c> wanted</c><00:02:53.360><c> to</c><00:02:53.440><c> keep</c><00:02:53.680><c> going</c>

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did you realize you wanted to keep going
 

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did you realize you wanted to keep going
in<00:02:54.080><c> robotics</c>

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in robotics
 

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in robotics
uh<00:02:56.080><c> yeah</c><00:02:56.640><c> yeah</c><00:02:57.120><c> basically</c><00:02:57.599><c> i</c><00:02:57.840><c> uh</c><00:02:58.159><c> partly</c><00:02:58.480><c> every</c>

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uh yeah yeah basically i uh partly every
 

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uh yeah yeah basically i uh partly every
reason<00:02:58.800><c> i</c><00:02:58.879><c> went</c><00:02:58.959><c> to</c><00:02:59.040><c> graduate</c><00:02:59.280><c> school</c><00:02:59.519><c> i</c>

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reason i went to graduate school i
 

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reason i went to graduate school i
didn't<00:02:59.680><c> know</c><00:02:59.920><c> quite</c><00:03:00.080><c> what</c><00:03:00.319><c> i</c><00:03:00.480><c> wanted</c><00:03:00.800><c> to</c><00:03:00.959><c> do</c>

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didn't know quite what i wanted to do
 

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didn't know quite what i wanted to do
and<00:03:02.239><c> uh</c><00:03:03.040><c> i</c><00:03:03.280><c> enjoyed</c><00:03:03.680><c> the</c><00:03:03.920><c> robotics</c><00:03:04.400><c> work</c><00:03:04.640><c> that</c>

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and uh i enjoyed the robotics work that
 

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and uh i enjoyed the robotics work that
i<00:03:04.800><c> was</c><00:03:04.959><c> doing</c><00:03:05.280><c> in</c><00:03:05.599><c> kikoski's</c><00:03:06.239><c> lab</c><00:03:06.560><c> and</c><00:03:06.800><c> uh</c>

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i was doing in kikoski's lab and uh
 

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i was doing in kikoski's lab and uh
and<00:03:07.599><c> stuck</c><00:03:07.920><c> with</c><00:03:08.080><c> it</c><00:03:08.319><c> but</c><00:03:08.640><c> until</c><00:03:08.879><c> then</c><00:03:09.120><c> i</c><00:03:09.200><c> had</c>

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and stuck with it but until then i had
 

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and stuck with it but until then i had
uh<00:03:10.000><c> not</c><00:03:10.159><c> really</c><00:03:10.319><c> a</c><00:03:10.400><c> particular</c><00:03:10.879><c> concept</c><00:03:11.360><c> that</c>

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uh not really a particular concept that
 

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uh not really a particular concept that
robotics<00:03:12.159><c> was</c><00:03:12.319><c> what</c><00:03:12.480><c> i</c>

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robotics was what i
 

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robotics was what i
wanted<00:03:12.959><c> to</c><00:03:13.120><c> do</c><00:03:14.560><c> and</c><00:03:14.720><c> was</c><00:03:14.959><c> that</c><00:03:15.040><c> your</c><00:03:15.200><c> thesis</c>

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wanted to do and was that your thesis
 

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wanted to do and was that your thesis
project

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project
 

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project
uh<00:03:16.640><c> yeah</c><00:03:16.879><c> so</c><00:03:17.120><c> eventually</c><00:03:18.239><c> my</c><00:03:18.480><c> thesis</c><00:03:18.800><c> project</c>

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uh yeah so eventually my thesis project
 

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uh yeah so eventually my thesis project
turned<00:03:19.599><c> into</c>

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turned into
 

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turned into
um<00:03:20.959><c> how</c><00:03:21.280><c> you</c><00:03:21.519><c> get</c><00:03:21.760><c> robot</c><00:03:22.159><c> fingers</c><00:03:22.640><c> to</c>

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um how you get robot fingers to
 

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um how you get robot fingers to
dexterously

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dexterously
 

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dexterously
manipulate<00:03:24.799><c> objects</c><00:03:25.360><c> and</c><00:03:25.680><c> sort</c><00:03:25.840><c> of</c><00:03:25.920><c> build</c>

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manipulate objects and sort of build
 

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manipulate objects and sort of build
maps<00:03:26.560><c> and</c><00:03:26.720><c> understand</c><00:03:27.200><c> what</c><00:03:27.360><c> the</c><00:03:27.519><c> surfaces</c>

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maps and understand what the surfaces
 

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maps and understand what the surfaces
are

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and<00:03:30.720><c> um</c><00:03:31.519><c> so</c><00:03:31.920><c> who</c><00:03:32.159><c> else</c><00:03:32.400><c> did</c><00:03:32.560><c> you</c><00:03:32.879><c> work</c><00:03:33.120><c> with</c>

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and um so who else did you work with
 

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and um so who else did you work with
besides<00:03:33.840><c> your</c>

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besides your
 

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besides your
advisor<00:03:35.360><c> um</c><00:03:36.000><c> as</c><00:03:36.319><c> a</c><00:03:36.480><c> graduate</c><00:03:36.959><c> student</c>

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advisor um as a graduate student
 

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advisor um as a graduate student
uh<00:03:38.239><c> it's</c><00:03:38.400><c> interesting</c><00:03:38.959><c> my</c><00:03:39.360><c> phd</c><00:03:40.080><c> project</c><00:03:40.879><c> uh</c>

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uh it's interesting my phd project uh
 

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uh it's interesting my phd project uh
wasn't<00:03:41.760><c> particularly</c><00:03:42.799><c> collaborative</c><00:03:43.760><c> like</c>

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wasn't particularly collaborative like
 

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wasn't particularly collaborative like
that<00:03:44.080><c> was</c><00:03:44.319><c> actually</c><00:03:44.640><c> in</c><00:03:44.799><c> my</c><00:03:45.040><c> thesis</c><00:03:45.440><c> was</c>

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that was actually in my thesis was
 

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that was actually in my thesis was
pretty<00:03:45.760><c> much</c><00:03:45.920><c> an</c><00:03:46.000><c> independent</c><00:03:46.480><c> project</c><00:03:46.799><c> i</c>

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pretty much an independent project i
 

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pretty much an independent project i
wasn't<00:03:47.120><c> a</c><00:03:47.200><c> fellowship</c><00:03:47.760><c> so</c><00:03:48.000><c> it</c><00:03:48.080><c> wasn't</c><00:03:48.400><c> like</c>

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wasn't a fellowship so it wasn't like
 

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wasn't a fellowship so it wasn't like
there<00:03:48.959><c> was</c><00:03:49.120><c> a</c><00:03:49.200><c> big</c><00:03:49.440><c> grant</c><00:03:49.760><c> that</c><00:03:49.920><c> was</c><00:03:50.159><c> funding</c>

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there was a big grant that was funding
 

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there was a big grant that was funding
it<00:03:50.560><c> where</c><00:03:50.720><c> i</c><00:03:50.799><c> worked</c><00:03:51.040><c> with</c><00:03:51.200><c> other</c><00:03:51.440><c> people</c>

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it where i worked with other people
 

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it where i worked with other people
uh<00:03:52.640><c> but</c><00:03:52.879><c> then</c><00:03:53.120><c> there</c><00:03:53.360><c> were</c><00:03:53.599><c> several</c><00:03:54.000><c> other</c>

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uh but then there were several other
 

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uh but then there were several other
things<00:03:54.720><c> i</c><00:03:54.959><c> did</c>

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things i did
 

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things i did
during<00:03:55.760><c> my</c><00:03:56.000><c> phd</c><00:03:56.640><c> that</c><00:03:56.720><c> were</c><00:03:56.959><c> much</c><00:03:57.120><c> more</c>

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during my phd that were much more
 

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during my phd that were much more
collaborative<00:03:58.319><c> would</c><00:03:58.480><c> you</c><00:03:58.640><c> like</c><00:03:58.720><c> to</c><00:03:58.799><c> hear</c>

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collaborative would you like to hear
 

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collaborative would you like to hear
about<00:03:59.120><c> that</c>

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about that
 

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about that
so<00:04:01.280><c> a</c><00:04:01.360><c> couple</c><00:04:01.680><c> years</c><00:04:02.080><c> into</c><00:04:02.480><c> graduate</c><00:04:02.959><c> school</c><00:04:03.439><c> i</c>

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so a couple years into graduate school i
 

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so a couple years into graduate school i
did<00:04:04.560><c> a</c><00:04:05.360><c> course</c><00:04:05.680><c> project</c><00:04:06.080><c> using</c><00:04:06.480><c> one</c><00:04:06.640><c> of</c><00:04:06.720><c> the</c>

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did a course project using one of the
 

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did a course project using one of the
first

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first
 

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first
haptic<00:04:08.000><c> devices</c><00:04:09.200><c> so</c><00:04:10.159><c> this</c><00:04:10.400><c> is</c><00:04:10.560><c> called</c><00:04:10.799><c> the</c>

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haptic devices so this is called the
 

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haptic devices so this is called the
phantom<00:04:11.519><c> haptic</c><00:04:11.920><c> device</c><00:04:12.319><c> it</c><00:04:12.400><c> was</c><00:04:12.560><c> from</c><00:04:12.720><c> a</c>

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phantom haptic device it was from a
 

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phantom haptic device it was from a
company<00:04:13.439><c> that</c><00:04:13.599><c> used</c><00:04:13.840><c> to</c><00:04:14.000><c> exist</c><00:04:14.400><c> called</c>

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company that used to exist called
 

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company that used to exist called
sensible<00:04:15.680><c> which</c><00:04:15.920><c> had</c><00:04:16.079><c> come</c><00:04:16.320><c> out</c><00:04:16.479><c> of</c>

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sensible which had come out of
 

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sensible which had come out of
ken<00:04:17.440><c> salisbury's</c><00:04:18.079><c> group</c><00:04:18.320><c> at</c><00:04:18.400><c> mit</c><00:04:19.759><c> and</c>

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ken salisbury's group at mit and
 

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ken salisbury's group at mit and
it<00:04:20.479><c> was</c><00:04:20.880><c> a</c><00:04:21.919><c> desktop</c><00:04:22.960><c> robot-like</c><00:04:23.600><c> device</c><00:04:24.080><c> that</c>

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it was a desktop robot-like device that
 

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it was a desktop robot-like device that
you<00:04:24.479><c> would</c><00:04:24.720><c> use</c><00:04:25.040><c> to</c><00:04:25.680><c> interact</c><00:04:26.080><c> with</c><00:04:26.240><c> virtual</c>

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you would use to interact with virtual
 

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you would use to interact with virtual
environments<00:04:27.040><c> you'd</c><00:04:27.199><c> move</c><00:04:27.360><c> it</c><00:04:27.440><c> around</c><00:04:27.680><c> and</c>

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environments you'd move it around and
 

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environments you'd move it around and
you<00:04:27.919><c> could</c><00:04:28.000><c> get</c><00:04:28.240><c> forced</c><00:04:28.639><c> feedback</c>

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you could get forced feedback
 

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you could get forced feedback
and<00:04:29.759><c> so</c><00:04:30.000><c> i</c><00:04:30.479><c> done</c><00:04:30.720><c> a</c><00:04:30.880><c> class</c><00:04:31.280><c> project</c><00:04:32.000><c> probably</c>

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and so i done a class project probably
 

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and so i done a class project probably
within

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within
 

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within
a<00:04:33.040><c> year</c><00:04:33.199><c> or</c><00:04:33.360><c> two</c><00:04:33.600><c> of</c><00:04:33.680><c> when</c><00:04:34.240><c> that</c><00:04:34.479><c> haptic</c><00:04:34.880><c> device</c>

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a year or two of when that haptic device
 

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a year or two of when that haptic device
came<00:04:35.440><c> out</c><00:04:35.600><c> as</c><00:04:35.759><c> a</c><00:04:35.919><c> product</c>

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came out as a product
 

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came out as a product
and<00:04:37.040><c> uh</c><00:04:37.280><c> and</c><00:04:37.440><c> loved</c><00:04:37.759><c> that</c><00:04:38.080><c> it</c><00:04:38.160><c> had</c><00:04:38.560><c> um</c><00:04:39.280><c> it's</c><00:04:39.520><c> all</c>

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and uh and loved that it had um it's all
 

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and uh and loved that it had um it's all
to<00:04:39.759><c> do</c><00:04:39.919><c> with</c><00:04:40.000><c> the</c><00:04:40.080><c> sense</c><00:04:40.320><c> of</c><00:04:40.479><c> touch</c><00:04:40.800><c> but</c><00:04:40.960><c> a</c><00:04:41.040><c> very</c>

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to do with the sense of touch but a very
 

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to do with the sense of touch but a very
different<00:04:41.520><c> kind</c><00:04:41.759><c> of</c><00:04:41.840><c> sense</c><00:04:42.080><c> of</c><00:04:42.240><c> touch</c>

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different kind of sense of touch
 

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different kind of sense of touch
and<00:04:43.759><c> that's</c><00:04:44.000><c> actually</c><00:04:44.160><c> the</c><00:04:44.320><c> thing</c><00:04:44.479><c> i</c><00:04:44.639><c> really</c>

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and that's actually the thing i really
 

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and that's actually the thing i really
fell<00:04:45.040><c> in</c><00:04:45.120><c> love</c><00:04:45.280><c> with</c><00:04:45.520><c> even</c><00:04:45.759><c> though</c><00:04:45.919><c> it</c><00:04:46.000><c> wasn't</c>

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fell in love with even though it wasn't
 

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fell in love with even though it wasn't
what<00:04:46.400><c> my</c><00:04:46.560><c> thesis</c><00:04:46.880><c> is</c><00:04:47.040><c> about</c>

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what my thesis is about
 

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what my thesis is about
so<00:04:48.240><c> because</c><00:04:48.479><c> of</c><00:04:48.560><c> that</c><00:04:48.720><c> demonstration</c><00:04:49.440><c> though</c>

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so because of that demonstration though
 

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so because of that demonstration though
a<00:04:50.160><c> local</c><00:04:50.479><c> company</c><00:04:50.880><c> in</c><00:04:51.040><c> silicon</c><00:04:51.440><c> valley</c>

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a local company in silicon valley
 

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a local company in silicon valley
called<00:04:53.040><c> immersion</c><00:04:54.400><c> hired</c><00:04:54.720><c> me</c><00:04:55.040><c> part-time</c>

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called immersion hired me part-time
 

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called immersion hired me part-time
and<00:04:56.400><c> over</c><00:04:56.560><c> the</c><00:04:56.639><c> next</c><00:04:56.960><c> couple</c><00:04:57.280><c> years</c><00:04:57.759><c> i</c><00:04:57.840><c> worked</c>

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and over the next couple years i worked
 

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and over the next couple years i worked
part-time<00:04:58.880><c> at</c>

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part-time at
 

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part-time at
immersion<00:05:00.240><c> uh</c><00:05:00.800><c> helping</c><00:05:01.199><c> them</c><00:05:02.000><c> design</c><00:05:02.320><c> and</c>

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immersion uh helping them design and
 

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immersion uh helping them design and
analyze<00:05:03.039><c> haptic</c><00:05:03.440><c> devices</c>

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analyze haptic devices
 

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analyze haptic devices
uh<00:05:04.720><c> which</c><00:05:05.360><c> they</c><00:05:05.520><c> were</c><00:05:05.680><c> designing</c><00:05:06.080><c> you</c><00:05:06.240><c> know</c><00:05:06.720><c> as</c>

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uh which they were designing you know as
 

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uh which they were designing you know as
products<00:05:07.600><c> or</c>

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products or
 

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products or
for<00:05:08.560><c> surgical</c><00:05:09.039><c> simulators</c><00:05:09.680><c> and</c><00:05:09.759><c> things</c><00:05:10.000><c> like</c>

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for surgical simulators and things like
 

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for surgical simulators and things like
that<00:05:10.880><c> uh</c>

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that uh
 

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that uh
so<00:05:11.919><c> i</c><00:05:12.080><c> had</c><00:05:12.320><c> this</c><00:05:12.800><c> this</c><00:05:13.039><c> side</c><00:05:13.520><c> project</c><00:05:14.479><c> um</c><00:05:14.800><c> yeah</c>

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so i had this this side project um yeah
 

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so i had this this side project um yeah
working<00:05:15.520><c> for</c>

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working for
 

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working for
immersion<00:05:16.960><c> and</c><00:05:17.120><c> then</c><00:05:17.360><c> even</c><00:05:17.680><c> after</c><00:05:17.919><c> i</c><00:05:18.080><c> stopped</c>

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immersion and then even after i stopped
 

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immersion and then even after i stopped
working<00:05:18.960><c> there</c><00:05:19.199><c> i</c><00:05:19.360><c> was</c><00:05:19.520><c> um</c>

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working there i was um
 

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working there i was um
doing<00:05:20.800><c> um</c><00:05:21.280><c> some</c><00:05:21.600><c> some</c><00:05:21.919><c> side</c><00:05:22.320><c> research</c><00:05:23.199><c> with</c>

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doing um some some side research with
 

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doing um some some side research with
uh<00:05:25.120><c> robert</c><00:05:25.600><c> howe</c><00:05:26.080><c> at</c><00:05:26.240><c> harvard</c>

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uh robert howe at harvard
 

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uh robert howe at harvard
who<00:05:27.280><c> was</c><00:05:27.440><c> also</c><00:05:27.680><c> a</c><00:05:27.759><c> former</c><00:05:28.080><c> kokoski</c><00:05:28.800><c> student</c>

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who was also a former kokoski student
 

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who was also a former kokoski student
who<00:05:29.120><c> had</c><00:05:29.280><c> become</c><00:05:29.440><c> a</c><00:05:29.520><c> faculty</c><00:05:29.919><c> member</c><00:05:30.160><c> of</c>

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who had become a faculty member of
 

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who had become a faculty member of
harvard

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harvard
 

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harvard
and<00:05:31.840><c> his</c><00:05:32.320><c> i</c><00:05:32.479><c> believe</c><00:05:33.039><c> postdoc</c><00:05:33.600><c> at</c><00:05:33.680><c> the</c><00:05:33.759><c> time</c>

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and his i believe postdoc at the time
 

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and his i believe postdoc at the time
named<00:05:34.400><c> jack</c><00:05:34.639><c> dennerlein</c>

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named jack dennerlein
 

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named jack dennerlein
so<00:05:35.759><c> i</c><00:05:35.919><c> had</c><00:05:36.080><c> collaborations</c><00:05:37.039><c> with</c><00:05:37.360><c> with</c><00:05:37.600><c> them</c>

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so i had collaborations with with them
 

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so i had collaborations with with them
to<00:05:38.320><c> actually</c><00:05:38.720><c> look</c><00:05:38.960><c> at</c>

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to actually look at
 

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to actually look at
how<00:05:40.000><c> we</c><00:05:40.240><c> use</c><00:05:40.720><c> how</c><00:05:40.880><c> we</c><00:05:40.960><c> could</c><00:05:41.120><c> add</c><00:05:41.360><c> vibration</c>

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how we use how we could add vibration
 

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how we use how we could add vibration
feedback<00:05:42.639><c> onto</c><00:05:43.039><c> typical</c>

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feedback onto typical
 

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feedback onto typical
force<00:05:44.080><c> feedback</c><00:05:44.639><c> so</c><00:05:44.880><c> normally</c><00:05:45.680><c> with</c><00:05:45.919><c> force</c>

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force feedback so normally with force
 

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force feedback so normally with force
feedback<00:05:46.800><c> you</c>

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feedback you
 

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feedback you
you<00:05:47.840><c> to</c><00:05:48.000><c> make</c><00:05:48.240><c> a</c><00:05:48.320><c> stiff</c><00:05:48.800><c> wall</c><00:05:49.840><c> you</c><00:05:50.000><c> just</c><00:05:50.240><c> apply</c>

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you to make a stiff wall you just apply
 

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you to make a stiff wall you just apply
a<00:05:50.639><c> force</c><00:05:50.960><c> back</c><00:05:51.120><c> to</c><00:05:51.199><c> the</c><00:05:51.280><c> user</c><00:05:51.600><c> but</c><00:05:51.680><c> it</c><00:05:51.759><c> doesn't</c>

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a force back to the user but it doesn't
 

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a force back to the user but it doesn't
give<00:05:52.080><c> you</c><00:05:52.240><c> that</c><00:05:52.479><c> crisp</c><00:05:52.880><c> interaction</c>

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give you that crisp interaction
 

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give you that crisp interaction
like<00:05:53.840><c> you</c><00:05:53.919><c> get</c><00:05:54.080><c> when</c><00:05:54.240><c> you</c><00:05:54.400><c> tap</c><00:05:54.639><c> on</c><00:05:54.880><c> something</c>

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like you get when you tap on something
 

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like you get when you tap on something
and<00:05:55.840><c> so</c><00:05:56.160><c> we</c><00:05:56.319><c> weren't</c><00:05:56.560><c> looking</c><00:05:56.800><c> at</c><00:05:56.960><c> how</c><00:05:57.039><c> you</c>

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and so we weren't looking at how you
 

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and so we weren't looking at how you
display<00:05:57.680><c> vibrations</c><00:05:58.160><c> to</c><00:05:58.319><c> a</c><00:05:58.400><c> user</c><00:05:58.639><c> to</c><00:05:58.880><c> trick</c>

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display vibrations to a user to trick
 

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display vibrations to a user to trick
them<00:05:59.280><c> essentially</c><00:05:59.680><c> into</c><00:05:59.919><c> thinking</c><00:06:00.160><c> they</c><00:06:00.319><c> were</c>

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them essentially into thinking they were
 

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them essentially into thinking they were
feeling<00:06:00.800><c> stiffer</c><00:06:01.199><c> virtual</c><00:06:01.600><c> walls</c><00:06:01.840><c> and</c><00:06:02.000><c> what</c>

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feeling stiffer virtual walls and what
 

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feeling stiffer virtual walls and what
they<00:06:02.319><c> were</c><00:06:02.479><c> actually</c><00:06:03.039><c> feeling</c>

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they were actually feeling
 

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they were actually feeling
so<00:06:04.160><c> my</c><00:06:04.319><c> first</c><00:06:04.479><c> journal</c><00:06:04.800><c> paper</c><00:06:05.039><c> was</c><00:06:05.280><c> in</c><00:06:05.360><c> that</c>

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so my first journal paper was in that
 

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so my first journal paper was in that
area<00:06:06.000><c> not</c><00:06:06.240><c> on</c><00:06:06.319><c> my</c><00:06:06.560><c> thesis</c><00:06:06.960><c> topic</c>

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area not on my thesis topic
 

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area not on my thesis topic
great<00:06:09.199><c> great</c><00:06:09.520><c> were</c><00:06:09.680><c> there</c><00:06:09.840><c> any</c><00:06:10.080><c> other</c><00:06:10.400><c> faculty</c>

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great great were there any other faculty
 

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great great were there any other faculty
that<00:06:10.960><c> you</c><00:06:11.120><c> worked</c><00:06:11.360><c> with</c>

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that you worked with
 

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that you worked with
um<00:06:13.680><c> so</c><00:06:14.319><c> um</c><00:06:15.520><c> i</c><00:06:15.680><c> guess</c>

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um so um i guess
 

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um so um i guess
collaboratively<00:06:17.440><c> on</c><00:06:18.000><c> research</c><00:06:18.639><c> i</c><00:06:18.960><c> don't</c>

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collaboratively on research i don't
 

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collaboratively on research i don't
recall<00:06:19.840><c> but</c><00:06:20.080><c> i</c><00:06:20.240><c> had</c>

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recall but i had
 

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recall but i had
great<00:06:20.880><c> mentorship</c><00:06:21.680><c> from</c><00:06:22.240><c> usama</c><00:06:22.800><c> katib</c><00:06:23.440><c> and</c>

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great mentorship from usama katib and
 

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great mentorship from usama katib and
ken<00:06:23.919><c> salisbury</c>

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ken salisbury
 

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ken salisbury
at<00:06:25.919><c> stanford</c><00:06:28.560><c> and</c>

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at stanford and
 

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at stanford and
do<00:06:29.440><c> you</c><00:06:29.520><c> still</c><00:06:29.759><c> work</c><00:06:30.000><c> in</c><00:06:30.160><c> the</c><00:06:30.240><c> haptics</c><00:06:30.800><c> as</c><00:06:30.960><c> well</c>

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do you still work in the haptics as well
 

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do you still work in the haptics as well
i<00:06:32.000><c> do</c>

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i do
 

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i do
so<00:06:33.039><c> now</c><00:06:33.440><c> i</c><00:06:33.600><c> do</c><00:06:34.800><c> basically</c><00:06:35.360><c> nothing</c><00:06:35.759><c> with</c><00:06:36.000><c> robot</c>

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so now i do basically nothing with robot
 

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so now i do basically nothing with robot
fingers<00:06:36.720><c> manipulating</c><00:06:37.360><c> things</c>

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fingers manipulating things
 

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fingers manipulating things
and<00:06:38.400><c> tons</c><00:06:38.960><c> of</c><00:06:40.000><c> interacting</c><00:06:40.400><c> with</c><00:06:40.560><c> virtual</c>

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and tons of interacting with virtual
 

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and tons of interacting with virtual
environments<00:06:41.600><c> or</c><00:06:41.759><c> giving</c>

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environments or giving
 

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environments or giving
users<00:06:42.800><c> taptic</c><00:06:43.280><c> or</c><00:06:43.440><c> touch</c><00:06:43.759><c> feedback</c>

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users taptic or touch feedback
 

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users taptic or touch feedback
so<00:06:45.840><c> did</c><00:06:46.000><c> you</c><00:06:46.080><c> do</c><00:06:46.319><c> some</c><00:06:46.560><c> other</c><00:06:46.960><c> grasping</c>

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so did you do some other grasping
 

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so did you do some other grasping
projects<00:06:47.919><c> after</c><00:06:48.160><c> your</c><00:06:48.400><c> thesis</c>

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projects after your thesis
 

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projects after your thesis
um<00:06:50.000><c> no</c><00:06:50.319><c> i</c><00:06:50.560><c> didn't</c><00:06:50.800><c> really</c><00:06:51.360><c> work</c><00:06:51.680><c> on</c><00:06:52.240><c> anything</c>

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um no i didn't really work on anything
 

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um no i didn't really work on anything
else

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else
 

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else
with<00:06:53.440><c> grasping</c><00:06:54.240><c> we</c><00:06:55.680><c> i</c><00:06:55.840><c> guess</c><00:06:56.000><c> there</c><00:06:56.240><c> are</c><00:06:56.319><c> some</c>

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with grasping we i guess there are some
 

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with grasping we i guess there are some
things<00:06:56.800><c> that</c><00:06:57.039><c> are</c>

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things that are
 

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things that are
are<00:06:57.680><c> related</c><00:06:58.720><c> like</c><00:06:59.680><c> sort</c><00:06:59.840><c> of</c><00:07:00.240><c> in</c><00:07:00.400><c> a</c><00:07:00.479><c> medical</c>

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are related like sort of in a medical
 

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are related like sort of in a medical
robotics<00:07:01.360><c> scenario</c><00:07:01.919><c> palpatine</c><00:07:02.639><c> surfaces</c>

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robotics scenario palpatine surfaces
 

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robotics scenario palpatine surfaces
and<00:07:03.599><c> and</c><00:07:03.840><c> trying</c><00:07:04.000><c> to</c><00:07:04.160><c> develop</c><00:07:04.560><c> models</c><00:07:05.039><c> of</c><00:07:05.199><c> them</c>

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and and trying to develop models of them
 

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and and trying to develop models of them
uh<00:07:06.400><c> but</c>

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uh but
 

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uh but
it<00:07:06.800><c> really</c><00:07:07.039><c> wasn't</c><00:07:07.360><c> this</c><00:07:07.520><c> sort</c><00:07:07.680><c> of</c><00:07:07.840><c> dexterous</c>

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it really wasn't this sort of dexterous
 

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it really wasn't this sort of dexterous
manipulation<00:07:09.120><c> like</c><00:07:09.280><c> having</c><00:07:09.520><c> an</c>

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manipulation like having an
 

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manipulation like having an
object<00:07:10.000><c> within</c><00:07:10.319><c> the</c><00:07:10.479><c> hand</c><00:07:11.440><c> um</c><00:07:12.080><c> that</c><00:07:12.479><c> my</c><00:07:12.639><c> thesis</c>

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object within the hand um that my thesis
 

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object within the hand um that my thesis
was<00:07:13.199><c> about</c>

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was about
 

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was about
so<00:07:15.599><c> where</c><00:07:15.759><c> did</c><00:07:15.840><c> you</c><00:07:16.000><c> go</c><00:07:16.160><c> after</c><00:07:16.400><c> your</c><00:07:16.880><c> phd</c><00:07:17.759><c> stuff</c>

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so where did you go after your phd stuff
 

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so where did you go after your phd stuff
my<00:07:18.080><c> phd</c><00:07:18.400><c> i</c><00:07:18.479><c> went</c><00:07:18.639><c> straight</c><00:07:18.800><c> into</c><00:07:19.039><c> a</c><00:07:19.120><c> faculty</c>

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my phd i went straight into a faculty
 

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my phd i went straight into a faculty
job<00:07:20.479><c> uh</c><00:07:20.880><c> and</c><00:07:21.039><c> i</c><00:07:21.120><c> was</c><00:07:21.199><c> in</c><00:07:21.280><c> the</c><00:07:21.360><c> mechanical</c>

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job uh and i was in the mechanical
 

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job uh and i was in the mechanical
engineering<00:07:22.000><c> department</c><00:07:22.479><c> at</c><00:07:22.639><c> johns</c><00:07:22.960><c> hopkins</c>

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engineering department at johns hopkins
 

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engineering department at johns hopkins
university

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university
 

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university
and<00:07:24.880><c> that</c><00:07:25.039><c> was</c><00:07:25.280><c> in</c><00:07:25.520><c> 2000</c><00:07:27.520><c> and</c><00:07:27.680><c> i</c><00:07:27.759><c> was</c><00:07:27.919><c> an</c>

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and that was in 2000 and i was an
 

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and that was in 2000 and i was an
assistant<00:07:28.400><c> professor</c><00:07:28.880><c> there</c><00:07:29.039><c> and</c><00:07:29.199><c> an</c>

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assistant professor there and an
 

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assistant professor there and an
associate<00:07:29.680><c> professor</c>

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associate professor
 

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associate professor
and<00:07:30.319><c> a</c><00:07:30.400><c> full</c><00:07:30.639><c> professor</c><00:07:32.880><c> what</c><00:07:33.039><c> were</c><00:07:33.199><c> some</c><00:07:33.280><c> of</c>

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and a full professor what were some of
 

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and a full professor what were some of
the<00:07:33.520><c> projects</c><00:07:33.919><c> that</c><00:07:34.080><c> you</c><00:07:34.240><c> were</c><00:07:34.400><c> about</c>

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the projects that you were about
 

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the projects that you were about
um<00:07:36.560><c> so</c><00:07:37.120><c> uh</c><00:07:37.599><c> i</c><00:07:37.680><c> got</c><00:07:37.919><c> hired</c><00:07:38.400><c> in</c><00:07:38.639><c> there</c>

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um so uh i got hired in there
 

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um so uh i got hired in there
um<00:07:40.319><c> and</c><00:07:40.639><c> part</c><00:07:40.960><c> the</c><00:07:41.039><c> reason</c><00:07:41.440><c> i</c><00:07:41.680><c> i</c><00:07:42.000><c> went</c><00:07:42.319><c> there</c>

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um and part the reason i i went there
 

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um and part the reason i i went there
was<00:07:43.199><c> because</c><00:07:43.520><c> they</c><00:07:43.680><c> had</c><00:07:43.919><c> a</c><00:07:44.240><c> national</c><00:07:44.560><c> science</c>

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was because they had a national science
 

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was because they had a national science
foundation<00:07:45.520><c> sponsored</c><00:07:46.160><c> engineering</c>

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foundation sponsored engineering
 

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foundation sponsored engineering
research<00:07:47.039><c> center</c>

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research center
 

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research center
about<00:07:48.240><c> computer</c><00:07:48.720><c> integrated</c><00:07:49.120><c> surgical</c>

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about computer integrated surgical
 

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about computer integrated surgical
systems<00:07:49.919><c> and</c><00:07:50.080><c> technology</c>

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systems and technology
 

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systems and technology
and<00:07:51.759><c> that</c><00:07:52.000><c> was</c><00:07:52.160><c> a</c><00:07:52.240><c> big</c><00:07:52.479><c> center</c><00:07:52.879><c> headed</c><00:07:53.280><c> by</c><00:07:53.680><c> russ</c>

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and that was a big center headed by russ
 

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and that was a big center headed by russ
taylor

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taylor
 

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taylor
who<00:07:54.800><c> is</c><00:07:54.960><c> really</c><00:07:55.199><c> one</c><00:07:55.280><c> of</c><00:07:55.360><c> the</c><00:07:55.599><c> fathers</c><00:07:56.000><c> of</c><00:07:56.080><c> the</c>

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who is really one of the fathers of the
 

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who is really one of the fathers of the
field<00:07:56.720><c> in</c><00:07:56.800><c> medical</c><00:07:57.280><c> robotics</c>

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field in medical robotics
 

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field in medical robotics
he<00:07:58.960><c> had</c><00:07:59.120><c> moved</c><00:07:59.360><c> from</c><00:07:59.520><c> ibm</c><00:08:00.240><c> to</c><00:08:00.560><c> hopkins</c><00:08:01.120><c> a</c><00:08:01.199><c> few</c>

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he had moved from ibm to hopkins a few
 

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he had moved from ibm to hopkins a few
years<00:08:01.680><c> earlier</c>

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years earlier
 

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years earlier
and<00:08:03.199><c> he</c><00:08:03.440><c> and</c><00:08:03.520><c> some</c><00:08:03.759><c> other</c><00:08:03.919><c> faculty</c><00:08:04.319><c> had</c>

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and he and some other faculty had
 

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and he and some other faculty had
started<00:08:04.800><c> this</c><00:08:05.039><c> this</c><00:08:05.280><c> incredible</c><00:08:05.759><c> center</c><00:08:06.240><c> and</c>

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started this this incredible center and
 

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started this this incredible center and
i<00:08:06.639><c> knew</c><00:08:06.800><c> nothing</c><00:08:07.120><c> about</c><00:08:07.360><c> medical</c><00:08:07.759><c> robotics</c>

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i knew nothing about medical robotics
 

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i knew nothing about medical robotics
and<00:08:08.479><c> it</c><00:08:08.560><c> was</c><00:08:09.120><c> a</c><00:08:09.280><c> pretty</c><00:08:09.520><c> new</c><00:08:09.759><c> field</c><00:08:10.080><c> at</c><00:08:10.240><c> the</c>

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and it was a pretty new field at the
 

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and it was a pretty new field at the
time

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time
 

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time
but<00:08:12.000><c> i</c><00:08:12.560><c> was</c><00:08:12.800><c> was</c><00:08:13.039><c> interested</c><00:08:13.680><c> in</c>

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but i was was interested in
 

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but i was was interested in
doing<00:08:15.599><c> a</c><00:08:15.759><c> type</c><00:08:15.919><c> of</c><00:08:16.000><c> robotics</c><00:08:16.479><c> i</c><00:08:16.639><c> thought</c><00:08:16.960><c> would</c>

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doing a type of robotics i thought would
 

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doing a type of robotics i thought would
help<00:08:17.360><c> people</c><00:08:18.160><c> so</c>

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help people so
 

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help people so
um<00:08:19.680><c> through</c><00:08:19.919><c> the</c><00:08:20.080><c> center</c><00:08:21.360><c> we</c>

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um through the center we
 

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um through the center we
worked<00:08:22.560><c> on</c><00:08:22.800><c> things</c><00:08:23.199><c> like</c><00:08:24.560><c> at</c><00:08:24.639><c> that</c><00:08:24.879><c> time</c><00:08:25.280><c> the</c>

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worked on things like at that time the
 

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worked on things like at that time the
da<00:08:25.599><c> vinci</c>

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da vinci
 

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da vinci
surgical<00:08:26.479><c> system</c><00:08:27.120><c> was</c><00:08:27.440><c> very</c><00:08:27.759><c> new</c><00:08:28.080><c> as</c><00:08:28.240><c> a</c>

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surgical system was very new as a
 

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surgical system was very new as a
clinical

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clinical
 

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clinical
product<00:08:29.919><c> and</c><00:08:31.039><c> the</c><00:08:31.360><c> johns</c><00:08:31.599><c> hopkins</c><00:08:32.080><c> hospital</c>

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product and the johns hopkins hospital
 

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product and the johns hopkins hospital
had<00:08:32.880><c> a</c><00:08:32.959><c> da</c><00:08:33.120><c> vinci</c><00:08:33.519><c> surgical</c><00:08:34.000><c> robot</c>

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had a da vinci surgical robot
 

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had a da vinci surgical robot
and<00:08:35.120><c> the</c><00:08:35.279><c> clinicians</c><00:08:36.000><c> knew</c><00:08:36.240><c> that</c><00:08:36.320><c> i</c><00:08:36.479><c> knew</c>

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and the clinicians knew that i knew
 

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and the clinicians knew that i knew
something<00:08:36.959><c> about</c><00:08:37.279><c> haptics</c>

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something about haptics
 

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something about haptics
and<00:08:38.080><c> so</c><00:08:38.320><c> they</c><00:08:38.479><c> came</c><00:08:38.800><c> to</c><00:08:38.959><c> me</c><00:08:39.839><c> uh</c><00:08:40.240><c> and</c><00:08:40.399><c> said</c><00:08:40.800><c> you</c>

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and so they came to me uh and said you
 

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and so they came to me uh and said you
know<00:08:41.039><c> could</c><00:08:41.200><c> you</c><00:08:41.360><c> work</c><00:08:41.599><c> on</c><00:08:41.760><c> haptics</c><00:08:42.240><c> for</c><00:08:42.399><c> the</c>

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know could you work on haptics for the
 

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know could you work on haptics for the
da<00:08:42.640><c> vinci</c>

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da vinci
 

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da vinci
robot<00:08:44.240><c> and</c><00:08:44.480><c> uh</c><00:08:44.880><c> that</c><00:08:45.440><c> defined</c><00:08:45.839><c> a</c><00:08:45.920><c> large</c><00:08:46.240><c> swath</c>

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robot and uh that defined a large swath
 

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robot and uh that defined a large swath
of<00:08:46.720><c> my</c><00:08:46.959><c> research</c><00:08:47.360><c> for</c><00:08:47.600><c> the</c><00:08:47.680><c> next</c><00:08:48.000><c> uh</c><00:08:48.320><c> uh</c>

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of my research for the next uh uh
 

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of my research for the next uh uh
decade<00:08:49.120><c> and</c><00:08:49.200><c> well</c><00:08:49.440><c> up</c><00:08:49.519><c> to</c><00:08:49.680><c> now</c><00:08:50.399><c> and</c><00:08:50.880><c> uh</c><00:08:51.200><c> so</c><00:08:51.519><c> we</c>

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decade and well up to now and uh so we
 

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decade and well up to now and uh so we
we<00:08:52.000><c> worked</c><00:08:52.320><c> on</c>

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we worked on
 

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we worked on
um<00:08:53.040><c> if</c><00:08:53.200><c> you're</c><00:08:53.519><c> tele</c><00:08:53.839><c> operating</c><00:08:54.320><c> that</c><00:08:54.480><c> the</c><00:08:54.560><c> da</c>

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um if you're tele operating that the da
 

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um if you're tele operating that the da
vinci<00:08:54.959><c> surgical</c><00:08:55.360><c> system</c><00:08:55.600><c> is</c><00:08:55.680><c> a</c><00:08:55.839><c> tele-operated</c>

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vinci surgical system is a tele-operated
 

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vinci surgical system is a tele-operated
robot<00:08:56.880><c> so</c><00:08:57.040><c> you</c><00:08:57.120><c> move</c><00:08:57.360><c> a</c><00:08:57.440><c> master</c><00:08:57.839><c> controller</c>

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robot so you move a master controller
 

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robot so you move a master controller
and<00:08:58.399><c> then</c><00:08:58.560><c> the</c><00:08:59.040><c> slave</c><00:08:59.440><c> or</c><00:08:59.519><c> patient-side</c><00:09:00.080><c> robot</c>

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and then the slave or patient-side robot
 

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and then the slave or patient-side robot
follows<00:09:00.800><c> your</c><00:09:00.959><c> movements</c>

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follows your movements
 

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follows your movements
and<00:09:02.880><c> we</c><00:09:03.279><c> looked</c><00:09:03.519><c> at</c><00:09:04.399><c> you</c><00:09:04.560><c> know</c><00:09:04.640><c> what</c><00:09:04.800><c> are</c><00:09:04.880><c> the</c>

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and we looked at you know what are the
 

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and we looked at you know what are the
different<00:09:05.279><c> ways</c><00:09:05.600><c> in</c><00:09:05.680><c> which</c><00:09:05.839><c> you</c><00:09:06.000><c> could</c>

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different ways in which you could
 

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different ways in which you could
provide

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provide
 

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provide
touch<00:09:06.880><c> feedback</c><00:09:07.360><c> to</c><00:09:07.519><c> a</c><00:09:07.600><c> human</c><00:09:07.920><c> operator</c><00:09:08.880><c> and</c>

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touch feedback to a human operator and
 

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touch feedback to a human operator and
in<00:09:09.200><c> some</c><00:09:09.440><c> cases</c><00:09:09.839><c> we're</c><00:09:10.080><c> constrained</c><00:09:10.720><c> by</c><00:09:10.959><c> using</c>

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in some cases we're constrained by using
 

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in some cases we're constrained by using
a<00:09:11.279><c> clinical</c><00:09:11.760><c> robot</c><00:09:12.160><c> we</c><00:09:12.320><c> can't</c><00:09:12.480><c> go</c><00:09:12.720><c> in</c><00:09:12.880><c> and</c><00:09:12.959><c> like</c>

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a clinical robot we can't go in and like
 

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a clinical robot we can't go in and like
change<00:09:13.440><c> the</c><00:09:13.519><c> control</c><00:09:13.920><c> system</c>

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change the control system
 

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change the control system
so<00:09:14.720><c> we</c><00:09:14.880><c> looked</c><00:09:15.120><c> at</c><00:09:15.440><c> what</c><00:09:15.680><c> sort</c><00:09:15.920><c> of</c><00:09:16.080><c> things</c><00:09:16.320><c> you</c>

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so we looked at what sort of things you
 

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so we looked at what sort of things you
could<00:09:16.640><c> add</c><00:09:16.959><c> on</c><00:09:17.200><c> top</c>

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could add on top
 

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could add on top
like<00:09:18.480><c> maybe</c><00:09:18.880><c> create</c><00:09:19.200><c> a</c><00:09:19.279><c> visual</c><00:09:19.920><c> display</c><00:09:20.320><c> like</c>

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like maybe create a visual display like
 

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like maybe create a visual display like
bar<00:09:20.720><c> graphs</c><00:09:21.040><c> that</c><00:09:21.200><c> would</c><00:09:21.279><c> tell</c><00:09:21.440><c> you</c><00:09:21.600><c> how</c><00:09:21.760><c> much</c>

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bar graphs that would tell you how much
 

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bar graphs that would tell you how much
force<00:09:22.240><c> you</c><00:09:22.399><c> were</c><00:09:22.560><c> applying</c><00:09:24.160><c> and</c><00:09:24.240><c> then</c><00:09:24.480><c> other</c>

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force you were applying and then other
 

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force you were applying and then other
cases

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cases
 

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cases
we<00:09:26.560><c> used</c><00:09:26.959><c> not</c><00:09:27.360><c> a</c><00:09:27.440><c> really</c><00:09:27.680><c> fancy</c><00:09:28.080><c> surgical</c>

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we used not a really fancy surgical
 

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we used not a really fancy surgical
robot

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robot
 

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robot
but<00:09:30.160><c> back</c><00:09:30.320><c> to</c><00:09:30.399><c> the</c><00:09:30.560><c> phantom</c><00:09:30.959><c> haptic</c><00:09:31.279><c> device</c><00:09:31.680><c> a</c>

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but back to the phantom haptic device a
 

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but back to the phantom haptic device a
pair<00:09:31.920><c> of</c><00:09:32.160><c> phantoms</c><00:09:32.640><c> one</c><00:09:32.800><c> the</c><00:09:32.959><c> master</c><00:09:33.360><c> one</c><00:09:33.519><c> the</c>

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pair of phantoms one the master one the
 

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pair of phantoms one the master one the
slave<00:09:34.000><c> for</c><00:09:34.160><c> teleoperation</c><00:09:34.959><c> within</c><00:09:35.279><c> our</c><00:09:35.440><c> lab</c>

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slave for teleoperation within our lab
 

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slave for teleoperation within our lab
and<00:09:36.080><c> in</c><00:09:36.160><c> that</c><00:09:36.320><c> case</c><00:09:36.560><c> we</c><00:09:36.640><c> could</c><00:09:36.800><c> actually</c>

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and in that case we could actually
 

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and in that case we could actually
change<00:09:37.360><c> the</c><00:09:37.440><c> fundamental</c><00:09:38.080><c> control</c><00:09:38.480><c> law</c>

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change the fundamental control law
 

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change the fundamental control law
and<00:09:39.279><c> so</c><00:09:39.600><c> we</c><00:09:39.760><c> looked</c><00:09:40.080><c> at</c><00:09:40.800><c> how</c><00:09:41.040><c> do</c><00:09:41.120><c> you</c><00:09:41.440><c> provide</c>

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and so we looked at how do you provide
 

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and so we looked at how do you provide
haptic

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haptic
 

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haptic
feedback<00:09:42.800><c> in</c><00:09:42.959><c> a</c><00:09:43.040><c> way</c><00:09:43.360><c> that's</c><00:09:44.080><c> stable</c>

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feedback in a way that's stable
 

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feedback in a way that's stable
and<00:09:46.959><c> in</c><00:09:47.200><c> addition</c><00:09:47.760><c> not</c><00:09:47.920><c> just</c><00:09:48.080><c> haptic</c><00:09:48.480><c> feedback</c>

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and in addition not just haptic feedback
 

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and in addition not just haptic feedback
that<00:09:48.959><c> tells</c><00:09:49.200><c> you</c><00:09:49.360><c> about</c><00:09:49.600><c> the</c><00:09:49.839><c> environment</c>

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that tells you about the environment
 

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that tells you about the environment
forces

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forces
 

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forces
but<00:09:51.519><c> haptic</c><00:09:51.920><c> feedback</c><00:09:52.399><c> for</c><00:09:52.560><c> guidance</c><00:09:53.519><c> so</c>

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but haptic feedback for guidance so
 

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but haptic feedback for guidance so
could<00:09:54.320><c> forces</c><00:09:54.800><c> help</c><00:09:55.040><c> the</c><00:09:55.200><c> user</c><00:09:55.680><c> to</c><00:09:55.839><c> make</c>

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could forces help the user to make
 

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could forces help the user to make
movements

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movements
 

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movements
that<00:09:58.320><c> will</c><00:09:58.480><c> help</c><00:09:58.720><c> them</c><00:09:58.880><c> complete</c><00:09:59.279><c> a</c><00:09:59.760><c> task</c>

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that will help them complete a task
 

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that will help them complete a task
so<00:10:01.519><c> a</c><00:10:01.600><c> lot</c><00:10:01.760><c> of</c><00:10:01.839><c> that</c><00:10:02.000><c> was</c><00:10:02.240><c> done</c><00:10:02.399><c> in</c>

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so a lot of that was done in
 

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so a lot of that was done in
collaboration<00:10:03.680><c> with</c><00:10:04.000><c> greg</c>

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collaboration with greg
 

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collaboration with greg
hager<00:10:05.360><c> who</c><00:10:05.519><c> was</c><00:10:05.600><c> a</c><00:10:05.680><c> professor</c><00:10:06.000><c> in</c><00:10:06.079><c> computer</c>

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hager who was a professor in computer
 

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hager who was a professor in computer
science<00:10:07.279><c> at</c>

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science at
 

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science at
ed<00:10:08.320><c> hopkins</c><00:10:08.880><c> and</c><00:10:09.200><c> a</c><00:10:09.360><c> huge</c><00:10:09.839><c> mentor</c><00:10:10.560><c> for</c><00:10:10.720><c> me</c>

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ed hopkins and a huge mentor for me
 

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ed hopkins and a huge mentor for me
he<00:10:12.160><c> had</c><00:10:12.399><c> i</c><00:10:12.560><c> think</c><00:10:13.120><c> relatively</c><00:10:13.680><c> recently</c><00:10:14.079><c> been</c>

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he had i think relatively recently been
 

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he had i think relatively recently been
hired<00:10:14.480><c> away</c><00:10:14.720><c> from</c><00:10:14.959><c> yale</c><00:10:15.440><c> to</c><00:10:15.519><c> work</c><00:10:15.760><c> at</c><00:10:15.920><c> johns</c>

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hired away from yale to work at johns
 

00:10:16.160 --> 00:10:17.030 align:start position:0%
hired away from yale to work at johns
hopkins

00:10:17.030 --> 00:10:17.040 align:start position:0%
hopkins
 

00:10:17.040 --> 00:10:19.269 align:start position:0%
hopkins
and<00:10:17.360><c> he's</c><00:10:17.600><c> a</c><00:10:17.680><c> computer</c><00:10:18.160><c> vision</c><00:10:18.640><c> researcher</c>

00:10:19.269 --> 00:10:19.279 align:start position:0%
and he's a computer vision researcher
 

00:10:19.279 --> 00:10:21.430 align:start position:0%
and he's a computer vision researcher
and<00:10:19.440><c> so</c><00:10:19.600><c> we</c><00:10:19.760><c> did</c><00:10:19.920><c> some</c><00:10:20.079><c> work</c><00:10:20.320><c> together</c>

00:10:21.430 --> 00:10:21.440 align:start position:0%
and so we did some work together
 

00:10:21.440 --> 00:10:23.190 align:start position:0%
and so we did some work together
in<00:10:21.600><c> this</c><00:10:21.760><c> case</c><00:10:22.000><c> primarily</c><00:10:22.720><c> not</c><00:10:22.880><c> with</c><00:10:23.040><c> a</c>

00:10:23.190 --> 00:10:23.200 align:start position:0%
in this case primarily not with a
 

00:10:23.200 --> 00:10:25.430 align:start position:0%
in this case primarily not with a
tele-operated<00:10:23.920><c> robot</c><00:10:24.320><c> but</c><00:10:24.480><c> a</c><00:10:24.640><c> cooperatively</c>

00:10:25.430 --> 00:10:25.440 align:start position:0%
tele-operated robot but a cooperatively
 

00:10:25.440 --> 00:10:27.110 align:start position:0%
tele-operated robot but a cooperatively
manipulated<00:10:26.079><c> robot</c><00:10:26.399><c> where</c><00:10:26.560><c> the</c><00:10:26.720><c> human</c><00:10:27.040><c> and</c>

00:10:27.110 --> 00:10:27.120 align:start position:0%
manipulated robot where the human and
 

00:10:27.120 --> 00:10:27.750 align:start position:0%
manipulated robot where the human and
the<00:10:27.200><c> robot</c>

00:10:27.750 --> 00:10:27.760 align:start position:0%
the robot
 

00:10:27.760 --> 00:10:31.030 align:start position:0%
the robot
share<00:10:28.000><c> the</c><00:10:28.240><c> tool</c><00:10:29.120><c> and</c><00:10:29.279><c> that</c><00:10:30.560><c> well</c><00:10:30.800><c> there's</c><00:10:30.959><c> a</c>

00:10:31.030 --> 00:10:31.040 align:start position:0%
share the tool and that well there's a
 

00:10:31.040 --> 00:10:32.310 align:start position:0%
share the tool and that well there's a
whole<00:10:31.200><c> family</c><00:10:31.440><c> of</c><00:10:31.519><c> robots</c><00:10:31.839><c> they</c><00:10:32.000><c> call</c><00:10:32.160><c> the</c>

00:10:32.310 --> 00:10:32.320 align:start position:0%
whole family of robots they call the
 

00:10:32.320 --> 00:10:33.430 align:start position:0%
whole family of robots they call the
steady<00:10:32.640><c> hand</c>

00:10:33.430 --> 00:10:33.440 align:start position:0%
steady hand
 

00:10:33.440 --> 00:10:36.790 align:start position:0%
steady hand
robots<00:10:34.480><c> uh</c><00:10:35.519><c> primarily</c><00:10:36.079><c> i</c><00:10:36.240><c> believe</c>

00:10:36.790 --> 00:10:36.800 align:start position:0%
robots uh primarily i believe
 

00:10:36.800 --> 00:10:40.790 align:start position:0%
robots uh primarily i believe
designed<00:10:37.440><c> by</c><00:10:39.600><c> a</c>

00:10:40.790 --> 00:10:40.800 align:start position:0%
designed by a
 

00:10:40.800 --> 00:10:43.190 align:start position:0%
designed by a
guy<00:10:41.120><c> as</c><00:10:41.440><c> a</c><00:10:41.519><c> robotics</c><00:10:42.000><c> guy</c><00:10:42.160><c> who's</c><00:10:42.320><c> appointed</c><00:10:42.880><c> in</c>

00:10:43.190 --> 00:10:43.200 align:start position:0%
guy as a robotics guy who's appointed in
 

00:10:43.200 --> 00:10:51.269 align:start position:0%
guy as a robotics guy who's appointed in
uh<00:10:43.600><c> in</c><00:10:43.760><c> urology</c>

00:10:51.269 --> 00:10:51.279 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:10:51.279 --> 00:10:53.269 align:start position:0%
 
had<00:10:51.519><c> designed</c><00:10:51.839><c> these</c><00:10:52.160><c> these</c><00:10:52.399><c> robots</c><00:10:52.880><c> and</c><00:10:53.040><c> and</c>

00:10:53.269 --> 00:10:53.279 align:start position:0%
had designed these these robots and and
 

00:10:53.279 --> 00:10:54.870 align:start position:0%
had designed these these robots and and
what<00:10:53.440><c> greg</c><00:10:53.760><c> hager</c><00:10:54.079><c> was</c><00:10:54.240><c> doing</c><00:10:54.399><c> was</c><00:10:54.640><c> using</c>

00:10:54.870 --> 00:10:54.880 align:start position:0%
what greg hager was doing was using
 

00:10:54.880 --> 00:10:56.550 align:start position:0%
what greg hager was doing was using
computer<00:10:55.279><c> vision</c><00:10:55.680><c> to</c><00:10:55.839><c> look</c><00:10:56.079><c> at</c>

00:10:56.550 --> 00:10:56.560 align:start position:0%
computer vision to look at
 

00:10:56.560 --> 00:10:59.350 align:start position:0%
computer vision to look at
what<00:10:56.720><c> was</c><00:10:56.959><c> the</c><00:10:57.120><c> environment</c><00:10:58.160><c> like</c><00:10:58.880><c> and</c><00:10:59.200><c> what</c>

00:10:59.350 --> 00:10:59.360 align:start position:0%
what was the environment like and what
 

00:10:59.360 --> 00:11:01.110 align:start position:0%
what was the environment like and what
were<00:10:59.600><c> paths</c><00:10:59.920><c> that</c><00:11:00.000><c> someone</c><00:11:00.320><c> should</c><00:11:00.480><c> follow</c>

00:11:01.110 --> 00:11:01.120 align:start position:0%
were paths that someone should follow
 

00:11:01.120 --> 00:11:02.710 align:start position:0%
were paths that someone should follow
and<00:11:01.200><c> then</c><00:11:01.360><c> i</c><00:11:01.440><c> was</c><00:11:02.000><c> using</c><00:11:02.240><c> the</c><00:11:02.320><c> robot</c><00:11:02.640><c> to</c>

00:11:02.710 --> 00:11:02.720 align:start position:0%
and then i was using the robot to
 

00:11:02.720 --> 00:11:04.870 align:start position:0%
and then i was using the robot to
provide<00:11:03.040><c> haptic</c><00:11:03.440><c> feedback</c><00:11:03.920><c> to</c><00:11:04.000><c> get</c><00:11:04.240><c> people</c><00:11:04.560><c> to</c>

00:11:04.870 --> 00:11:04.880 align:start position:0%
provide haptic feedback to get people to
 

00:11:04.880 --> 00:11:06.870 align:start position:0%
provide haptic feedback to get people to
to<00:11:05.040><c> follow</c><00:11:05.279><c> those</c><00:11:05.519><c> paths</c><00:11:06.160><c> and</c><00:11:06.320><c> we</c><00:11:06.480><c> called</c><00:11:06.720><c> that</c>

00:11:06.870 --> 00:11:06.880 align:start position:0%
to follow those paths and we called that
 

00:11:06.880 --> 00:11:08.630 align:start position:0%
to follow those paths and we called that
work<00:11:07.120><c> virtual</c><00:11:07.600><c> fixtures</c>

00:11:08.630 --> 00:11:08.640 align:start position:0%
work virtual fixtures
 

00:11:08.640 --> 00:11:10.550 align:start position:0%
work virtual fixtures
so<00:11:09.040><c> just</c><00:11:09.200><c> like</c><00:11:09.440><c> a</c><00:11:09.519><c> ruler</c><00:11:09.920><c> is</c><00:11:10.000><c> a</c><00:11:10.160><c> physical</c>

00:11:10.550 --> 00:11:10.560 align:start position:0%
so just like a ruler is a physical
 

00:11:10.560 --> 00:11:11.910 align:start position:0%
so just like a ruler is a physical
fixture<00:11:10.880><c> that</c><00:11:11.040><c> helps</c><00:11:11.279><c> you</c><00:11:11.360><c> draw</c><00:11:11.519><c> a</c><00:11:11.680><c> straight</c>

00:11:11.910 --> 00:11:11.920 align:start position:0%
fixture that helps you draw a straight
 

00:11:11.920 --> 00:11:13.430 align:start position:0%
fixture that helps you draw a straight
line<00:11:12.160><c> move</c><00:11:12.399><c> a</c><00:11:12.480><c> certain</c><00:11:12.800><c> way</c>

00:11:13.430 --> 00:11:13.440 align:start position:0%
line move a certain way
 

00:11:13.440 --> 00:11:15.670 align:start position:0%
line move a certain way
the<00:11:13.760><c> robot</c><00:11:14.160><c> motors</c><00:11:14.480><c> can</c><00:11:14.640><c> generate</c><00:11:15.120><c> forces</c><00:11:15.519><c> to</c>

00:11:15.670 --> 00:11:15.680 align:start position:0%
the robot motors can generate forces to
 

00:11:15.680 --> 00:11:19.750 align:start position:0%
the robot motors can generate forces to
help<00:11:16.000><c> a</c><00:11:16.160><c> user</c><00:11:16.640><c> follow</c><00:11:16.959><c> a</c><00:11:17.200><c> virtual</c><00:11:17.680><c> fixture</c>

00:11:19.750 --> 00:11:19.760 align:start position:0%
help a user follow a virtual fixture
 

00:11:19.760 --> 00:11:21.670 align:start position:0%
help a user follow a virtual fixture
what<00:11:19.920><c> are</c><00:11:20.079><c> some</c><00:11:20.240><c> of</c><00:11:20.320><c> the</c><00:11:20.880><c> kind</c><00:11:21.040><c> of</c><00:11:21.120><c> innovations</c>

00:11:21.670 --> 00:11:21.680 align:start position:0%
what are some of the kind of innovations
 

00:11:21.680 --> 00:11:22.790 align:start position:0%
what are some of the kind of innovations
or<00:11:21.839><c> breakthroughs</c><00:11:22.320><c> you've</c><00:11:22.480><c> had</c>

00:11:22.790 --> 00:11:22.800 align:start position:0%
or breakthroughs you've had
 

00:11:22.800 --> 00:11:25.350 align:start position:0%
or breakthroughs you've had
in<00:11:22.959><c> terms</c><00:11:23.279><c> of</c><00:11:23.920><c> really</c><00:11:24.240><c> successful</c><00:11:24.800><c> modes</c><00:11:25.120><c> of</c>

00:11:25.350 --> 00:11:25.360 align:start position:0%
in terms of really successful modes of
 

00:11:25.360 --> 00:11:27.030 align:start position:0%
in terms of really successful modes of
haptic<00:11:25.760><c> feedback</c>

00:11:27.030 --> 00:11:27.040 align:start position:0%
haptic feedback
 

00:11:27.040 --> 00:11:29.990 align:start position:0%
haptic feedback
yeah<00:11:27.440><c> so</c><00:11:28.000><c> um</c><00:11:28.480><c> so</c><00:11:28.720><c> on</c><00:11:28.800><c> the</c><00:11:28.880><c> virtual</c><00:11:29.440><c> fixtures</c>

00:11:29.990 --> 00:11:30.000 align:start position:0%
yeah so um so on the virtual fixtures
 

00:11:30.000 --> 00:11:31.829 align:start position:0%
yeah so um so on the virtual fixtures
side<00:11:30.240><c> we're</c><00:11:30.399><c> sort</c><00:11:30.560><c> of</c><00:11:30.720><c> using</c><00:11:31.040><c> haptics</c><00:11:31.600><c> for</c>

00:11:31.829 --> 00:11:31.839 align:start position:0%
side we're sort of using haptics for
 

00:11:31.839 --> 00:11:32.630 align:start position:0%
side we're sort of using haptics for
guidance

00:11:32.630 --> 00:11:32.640 align:start position:0%
guidance
 

00:11:32.640 --> 00:11:37.110 align:start position:0%
guidance
um<00:11:33.360><c> i</c><00:11:33.519><c> think</c><00:11:34.399><c> uh</c><00:11:34.880><c> that</c><00:11:35.440><c> concept</c><00:11:36.160><c> had</c><00:11:36.399><c> been</c><00:11:36.800><c> uh</c>

00:11:37.110 --> 00:11:37.120 align:start position:0%
um i think uh that concept had been uh
 

00:11:37.120 --> 00:11:39.190 align:start position:0%
um i think uh that concept had been uh
developed<00:11:37.440><c> earlier</c><00:11:37.920><c> actually</c><00:11:38.560><c> in</c><00:11:38.720><c> the</c><00:11:38.800><c> thesis</c>

00:11:39.190 --> 00:11:39.200 align:start position:0%
developed earlier actually in the thesis
 

00:11:39.200 --> 00:11:40.470 align:start position:0%
developed earlier actually in the thesis
of<00:11:39.279><c> the</c><00:11:39.360><c> guy</c><00:11:39.519><c> that</c><00:11:39.680><c> started</c><00:11:40.000><c> the</c><00:11:40.079><c> company</c>

00:11:40.470 --> 00:11:40.480 align:start position:0%
of the guy that started the company
 

00:11:40.480 --> 00:11:41.990 align:start position:0%
of the guy that started the company
immersion

00:11:41.990 --> 00:11:42.000 align:start position:0%
immersion
 

00:11:42.000 --> 00:11:45.110 align:start position:0%
immersion
named<00:11:43.760><c> louis</c><00:11:44.160><c> rosenberg</c>

00:11:45.110 --> 00:11:45.120 align:start position:0%
named louis rosenberg
 

00:11:45.120 --> 00:11:47.509 align:start position:0%
named louis rosenberg
a<00:11:45.440><c> former</c><00:11:45.920><c> stanford</c><00:11:46.320><c> grad</c><00:11:46.560><c> student</c><00:11:47.120><c> he</c><00:11:47.279><c> had</c>

00:11:47.509 --> 00:11:47.519 align:start position:0%
a former stanford grad student he had
 

00:11:47.519 --> 00:11:48.230 align:start position:0%
a former stanford grad student he had
developed<00:11:47.839><c> a</c>

00:11:48.230 --> 00:11:48.240 align:start position:0%
developed a
 

00:11:48.240 --> 00:11:50.949 align:start position:0%
developed a
concept<00:11:48.640><c> of</c><00:11:48.800><c> virtual</c><00:11:49.200><c> fixtures</c><00:11:50.560><c> but</c><00:11:50.800><c> they</c>

00:11:50.949 --> 00:11:50.959 align:start position:0%
concept of virtual fixtures but they
 

00:11:50.959 --> 00:11:52.310 align:start position:0%
concept of virtual fixtures but they
hadn't<00:11:51.200><c> really</c><00:11:51.360><c> been</c><00:11:51.600><c> analyzed</c><00:11:52.000><c> from</c><00:11:52.240><c> a</c>

00:11:52.310 --> 00:11:52.320 align:start position:0%
hadn't really been analyzed from a
 

00:11:52.320 --> 00:11:52.870 align:start position:0%
hadn't really been analyzed from a
control

00:11:52.870 --> 00:11:52.880 align:start position:0%
control
 

00:11:52.880 --> 00:11:55.590 align:start position:0%
control
theoretics<00:11:53.440><c> standpoint</c><00:11:54.320><c> and</c><00:11:54.560><c> so</c><00:11:55.040><c> i</c><00:11:55.200><c> think</c><00:11:55.440><c> one</c>

00:11:55.590 --> 00:11:55.600 align:start position:0%
theoretics standpoint and so i think one
 

00:11:55.600 --> 00:11:57.590 align:start position:0%
theoretics standpoint and so i think one
of<00:11:55.680><c> the</c><00:11:55.839><c> more</c><00:11:56.000><c> important</c><00:11:56.320><c> things</c><00:11:56.560><c> that</c><00:11:56.800><c> we</c><00:11:57.040><c> did</c>

00:11:57.590 --> 00:11:57.600 align:start position:0%
of the more important things that we did
 

00:11:57.600 --> 00:12:00.069 align:start position:0%
of the more important things that we did
was<00:11:57.920><c> understand</c><00:11:59.040><c> the</c><00:11:59.200><c> control</c><00:11:59.600><c> systems</c><00:11:59.920><c> for</c>

00:12:00.069 --> 00:12:00.079 align:start position:0%
was understand the control systems for
 

00:12:00.079 --> 00:12:00.949 align:start position:0%
was understand the control systems for
virtual<00:12:00.399><c> fixtures</c>

00:12:00.949 --> 00:12:00.959 align:start position:0%
virtual fixtures
 

00:12:00.959 --> 00:12:02.790 align:start position:0%
virtual fixtures
when<00:12:01.200><c> were</c><00:12:01.360><c> they</c><00:12:01.600><c> stable</c><00:12:02.320><c> how</c><00:12:02.480><c> would</c><00:12:02.639><c> the</c>

00:12:02.790 --> 00:12:02.800 align:start position:0%
when were they stable how would the
 

00:12:02.800 --> 00:12:04.870 align:start position:0%
when were they stable how would the
movement<00:12:03.120><c> of</c><00:12:03.279><c> a</c><00:12:03.360><c> user</c><00:12:03.760><c> converge</c>

00:12:04.870 --> 00:12:04.880 align:start position:0%
movement of a user converge
 

00:12:04.880 --> 00:12:08.230 align:start position:0%
movement of a user converge
as<00:12:05.120><c> well</c><00:12:05.279><c> as</c><00:12:06.320><c> user</c><00:12:06.639><c> studies</c><00:12:07.120><c> to</c><00:12:07.279><c> say</c>

00:12:08.230 --> 00:12:08.240 align:start position:0%
as well as user studies to say
 

00:12:08.240 --> 00:12:09.750 align:start position:0%
as well as user studies to say
you<00:12:08.320><c> could</c><00:12:08.480><c> make</c><00:12:08.639><c> the</c><00:12:08.720><c> virtual</c><00:12:09.040><c> fixtures</c><00:12:09.519><c> very</c>

00:12:09.750 --> 00:12:09.760 align:start position:0%
you could make the virtual fixtures very
 

00:12:09.760 --> 00:12:12.230 align:start position:0%
you could make the virtual fixtures very
hard<00:12:10.160><c> or</c><00:12:10.240><c> very</c><00:12:10.560><c> soft</c><00:12:11.120><c> and</c><00:12:11.279><c> the</c><00:12:11.440><c> idea</c><00:12:11.760><c> is</c><00:12:11.920><c> that</c>

00:12:12.230 --> 00:12:12.240 align:start position:0%
hard or very soft and the idea is that
 

00:12:12.240 --> 00:12:13.430 align:start position:0%
hard or very soft and the idea is that
well<00:12:12.480><c> you</c><00:12:12.560><c> wouldn't</c><00:12:12.720><c> want</c><00:12:12.880><c> to</c><00:12:12.959><c> make</c><00:12:13.120><c> them</c>

00:12:13.430 --> 00:12:13.440 align:start position:0%
well you wouldn't want to make them
 

00:12:13.440 --> 00:12:15.829 align:start position:0%
well you wouldn't want to make them
super<00:12:13.839><c> hard</c><00:12:14.320><c> because</c><00:12:14.560><c> that</c><00:12:14.800><c> would</c><00:12:14.959><c> mean</c><00:12:15.200><c> that</c>

00:12:15.829 --> 00:12:15.839 align:start position:0%
super hard because that would mean that
 

00:12:15.839 --> 00:12:17.350 align:start position:0%
super hard because that would mean that
the<00:12:16.000><c> robot</c><00:12:16.399><c> knew</c><00:12:16.560><c> exactly</c><00:12:16.800><c> what</c><00:12:16.959><c> it</c><00:12:17.040><c> should</c><00:12:17.200><c> do</c>

00:12:17.350 --> 00:12:17.360 align:start position:0%
the robot knew exactly what it should do
 

00:12:17.360 --> 00:12:19.190 align:start position:0%
the robot knew exactly what it should do
and<00:12:17.440><c> it</c><00:12:17.519><c> should</c><00:12:17.600><c> be</c><00:12:17.760><c> autonomous</c>

00:12:19.190 --> 00:12:19.200 align:start position:0%
and it should be autonomous
 

00:12:19.200 --> 00:12:20.550 align:start position:0%
and it should be autonomous
but<00:12:19.360><c> then</c><00:12:19.519><c> if</c><00:12:19.600><c> they</c><00:12:19.760><c> were</c><00:12:19.920><c> too</c><00:12:20.160><c> soft</c><00:12:20.399><c> it</c>

00:12:20.550 --> 00:12:20.560 align:start position:0%
but then if they were too soft it
 

00:12:20.560 --> 00:12:22.230 align:start position:0%
but then if they were too soft it
wouldn't<00:12:20.720><c> help</c><00:12:20.959><c> the</c><00:12:21.040><c> user</c><00:12:21.519><c> so</c>

00:12:22.230 --> 00:12:22.240 align:start position:0%
wouldn't help the user so
 

00:12:22.240 --> 00:12:24.069 align:start position:0%
wouldn't help the user so
methods<00:12:22.639><c> for</c><00:12:22.880><c> picking</c><00:12:23.279><c> you</c><00:12:23.360><c> know</c><00:12:23.519><c> how</c><00:12:23.760><c> strong</c>

00:12:24.069 --> 00:12:24.079 align:start position:0%
methods for picking you know how strong
 

00:12:24.079 --> 00:12:26.069 align:start position:0%
methods for picking you know how strong
the<00:12:24.160><c> virtual</c><00:12:24.480><c> fixture</c><00:12:24.959><c> should</c><00:12:25.120><c> be</c><00:12:25.440><c> to</c><00:12:25.839><c> help</c>

00:12:26.069 --> 00:12:26.079 align:start position:0%
the virtual fixture should be to help
 

00:12:26.079 --> 00:12:26.550 align:start position:0%
the virtual fixture should be to help
people

00:12:26.550 --> 00:12:26.560 align:start position:0%
people
 

00:12:26.560 --> 00:12:28.710 align:start position:0%
people
do<00:12:26.720><c> a</c><00:12:26.880><c> task</c><00:12:27.600><c> so</c><00:12:27.920><c> some</c><00:12:28.079><c> of</c><00:12:28.160><c> the</c><00:12:28.320><c> control</c>

00:12:28.710 --> 00:12:28.720 align:start position:0%
do a task so some of the control
 

00:12:28.720 --> 00:12:29.990 align:start position:0%
do a task so some of the control
theoretic<00:12:29.200><c> aspects</c><00:12:29.600><c> to</c><00:12:29.680><c> show</c>

00:12:29.990 --> 00:12:30.000 align:start position:0%
theoretic aspects to show
 

00:12:30.000 --> 00:12:32.310 align:start position:0%
theoretic aspects to show
stability<00:12:30.560><c> and</c><00:12:30.639><c> performance</c><00:12:31.279><c> and</c><00:12:31.360><c> then</c><00:12:31.920><c> um</c>

00:12:32.310 --> 00:12:32.320 align:start position:0%
stability and performance and then um
 

00:12:32.320 --> 00:12:33.670 align:start position:0%
stability and performance and then um
sort<00:12:32.480><c> of</c><00:12:32.639><c> human</c><00:12:32.959><c> factors</c>

00:12:33.670 --> 00:12:33.680 align:start position:0%
sort of human factors
 

00:12:33.680 --> 00:12:37.269 align:start position:0%
sort of human factors
ideas<00:12:34.160><c> about</c><00:12:34.480><c> how</c><00:12:34.639><c> they</c><00:12:34.800><c> should</c><00:12:35.040><c> be</c><00:12:35.200><c> tuned</c>

00:12:37.269 --> 00:12:37.279 align:start position:0%
ideas about how they should be tuned
 

00:12:37.279 --> 00:12:40.470 align:start position:0%
ideas about how they should be tuned
um<00:12:38.079><c> yeah</c>

00:12:40.470 --> 00:12:40.480 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:12:40.480 --> 00:12:43.350 align:start position:0%
 
okay<00:12:41.040><c> um</c><00:12:42.079><c> so</c><00:12:42.399><c> did</c><00:12:42.560><c> you</c><00:12:42.720><c> ever</c><00:12:42.880><c> work</c><00:12:43.200><c> more</c>

00:12:43.350 --> 00:12:43.360 align:start position:0%
okay um so did you ever work more
 

00:12:43.360 --> 00:12:45.350 align:start position:0%
okay um so did you ever work more
directly<00:12:43.760><c> with</c><00:12:43.920><c> the</c><00:12:44.000><c> davinci</c><00:12:44.480><c> company</c><00:12:44.959><c> or</c><00:12:45.200><c> did</c>

00:12:45.350 --> 00:12:45.360 align:start position:0%
directly with the davinci company or did
 

00:12:45.360 --> 00:12:45.829 align:start position:0%
directly with the davinci company or did
you<00:12:45.440><c> just</c>

00:12:45.829 --> 00:12:45.839 align:start position:0%
you just
 

00:12:45.839 --> 00:12:50.150 align:start position:0%
you just
uh<00:12:46.320><c> i</c><00:12:46.880><c> did</c><00:12:47.600><c> so</c><00:12:48.399><c> we</c><00:12:48.720><c> we</c><00:12:48.880><c> did</c><00:12:49.200><c> eventually</c>

00:12:50.150 --> 00:12:50.160 align:start position:0%
uh i did so we we did eventually
 

00:12:50.160 --> 00:12:52.069 align:start position:0%
uh i did so we we did eventually
um<00:12:50.560><c> actually</c><00:12:51.120><c> get</c><00:12:51.360><c> so</c><00:12:51.519><c> i've</c><00:12:51.600><c> worked</c><00:12:51.839><c> with</c><00:12:52.000><c> them</c>

00:12:52.069 --> 00:12:52.079 align:start position:0%
um actually get so i've worked with them
 

00:12:52.079 --> 00:12:53.190 align:start position:0%
um actually get so i've worked with them
closely<00:12:52.399><c> in</c><00:12:52.560><c> a</c><00:12:52.639><c> few</c>

00:12:53.190 --> 00:12:53.200 align:start position:0%
closely in a few
 

00:12:53.200 --> 00:12:56.949 align:start position:0%
closely in a few
different<00:12:53.519><c> ways</c><00:12:54.720><c> so</c><00:12:55.360><c> at</c><00:12:55.680><c> hopkins</c><00:12:56.480><c> uh</c>

00:12:56.949 --> 00:12:56.959 align:start position:0%
different ways so at hopkins uh
 

00:12:56.959 --> 00:13:00.629 align:start position:0%
different ways so at hopkins uh
they<00:12:58.079><c> uh</c><00:12:59.120><c> i</c><00:12:59.279><c> guess</c><00:12:59.519><c> essentially</c>

00:13:00.629 --> 00:13:00.639 align:start position:0%
they uh i guess essentially
 

00:13:00.639 --> 00:13:03.269 align:start position:0%
they uh i guess essentially
donated<00:13:01.360><c> portions</c><00:13:01.920><c> of</c><00:13:02.079><c> a</c><00:13:02.160><c> da</c><00:13:02.320><c> vinci</c><00:13:02.720><c> surgical</c>

00:13:03.269 --> 00:13:03.279 align:start position:0%
donated portions of a da vinci surgical
 

00:13:03.279 --> 00:13:04.150 align:start position:0%
donated portions of a da vinci surgical
robot

00:13:04.150 --> 00:13:04.160 align:start position:0%
robot
 

00:13:04.160 --> 00:13:06.069 align:start position:0%
robot
and<00:13:04.320><c> then</c><00:13:04.480><c> we</c><00:13:04.639><c> were</c><00:13:04.800><c> able</c><00:13:05.040><c> to</c><00:13:05.200><c> kind</c><00:13:05.440><c> of</c><00:13:05.839><c> wrap</c>

00:13:06.069 --> 00:13:06.079 align:start position:0%
and then we were able to kind of wrap
 

00:13:06.079 --> 00:13:07.509 align:start position:0%
and then we were able to kind of wrap
our<00:13:06.240><c> own</c><00:13:06.320><c> controllers</c><00:13:06.800><c> around</c><00:13:07.040><c> it</c><00:13:07.120><c> so</c><00:13:07.279><c> we</c><00:13:07.360><c> were</c>

00:13:07.509 --> 00:13:07.519 align:start position:0%
our own controllers around it so we were
 

00:13:07.519 --> 00:13:09.110 align:start position:0%
our own controllers around it so we were
no<00:13:07.680><c> longer</c><00:13:07.920><c> constrained</c><00:13:08.399><c> to</c><00:13:08.480><c> use</c><00:13:08.639><c> a</c><00:13:08.720><c> clinical</c>

00:13:09.110 --> 00:13:09.120 align:start position:0%
no longer constrained to use a clinical
 

00:13:09.120 --> 00:13:10.069 align:start position:0%
no longer constrained to use a clinical
robot

00:13:10.069 --> 00:13:10.079 align:start position:0%
robot
 

00:13:10.079 --> 00:13:13.750 align:start position:0%
robot
and<00:13:10.639><c> uh</c><00:13:11.519><c> so</c><00:13:11.760><c> they</c><00:13:12.240><c> uh</c><00:13:12.639><c> collaborated</c>

00:13:13.750 --> 00:13:13.760 align:start position:0%
and uh so they uh collaborated
 

00:13:13.760 --> 00:13:15.990 align:start position:0%
and uh so they uh collaborated
with<00:13:14.000><c> me</c><00:13:14.480><c> both</c><00:13:14.880><c> in</c><00:13:15.040><c> sort</c><00:13:15.200><c> of</c><00:13:15.279><c> getting</c><00:13:15.519><c> that</c><00:13:15.760><c> set</c>

00:13:15.990 --> 00:13:16.000 align:start position:0%
with me both in sort of getting that set
 

00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:17.030 align:start position:0%
with me both in sort of getting that set
up

00:13:17.030 --> 00:13:17.040 align:start position:0%
up
 

00:13:17.040 --> 00:13:19.269 align:start position:0%
up
as<00:13:17.279><c> well</c><00:13:17.519><c> as</c><00:13:17.760><c> helping</c><00:13:18.160><c> us</c><00:13:18.639><c> understand</c><00:13:19.040><c> some</c>

00:13:19.269 --> 00:13:19.279 align:start position:0%
as well as helping us understand some
 

00:13:19.279 --> 00:13:20.069 align:start position:0%
as well as helping us understand some
aspects

00:13:20.069 --> 00:13:20.079 align:start position:0%
aspects
 

00:13:20.079 --> 00:13:21.829 align:start position:0%
aspects
of<00:13:20.320><c> the</c><00:13:20.480><c> robot</c><00:13:20.959><c> so</c><00:13:21.120><c> that</c><00:13:21.279><c> we</c><00:13:21.360><c> could</c><00:13:21.600><c> do</c><00:13:21.760><c> the</c>

00:13:21.829 --> 00:13:21.839 align:start position:0%
of the robot so that we could do the
 

00:13:21.839 --> 00:13:24.150 align:start position:0%
of the robot so that we could do the
analysis<00:13:22.399><c> that</c><00:13:22.480><c> we</c><00:13:22.639><c> needed</c><00:13:22.880><c> to</c><00:13:23.040><c> do</c>

00:13:24.150 --> 00:13:24.160 align:start position:0%
analysis that we needed to do
 

00:13:24.160 --> 00:13:27.509 align:start position:0%
analysis that we needed to do
and<00:13:24.800><c> a</c><00:13:24.959><c> lot</c><00:13:25.120><c> of</c><00:13:25.279><c> that</c><00:13:25.680><c> was</c><00:13:26.240><c> uh</c><00:13:26.959><c> through</c><00:13:27.200><c> chris</c>

00:13:27.509 --> 00:13:27.519 align:start position:0%
and a lot of that was uh through chris
 

00:13:27.519 --> 00:13:29.269 align:start position:0%
and a lot of that was uh through chris
hasser<00:13:28.079><c> at</c><00:13:28.240><c> intuitive</c><00:13:28.639><c> surgical</c>

00:13:29.269 --> 00:13:29.279 align:start position:0%
hasser at intuitive surgical
 

00:13:29.279 --> 00:13:32.550 align:start position:0%
hasser at intuitive surgical
initially<00:13:30.399><c> and</c><00:13:30.959><c> uh</c><00:13:31.440><c> later</c><00:13:31.839><c> through</c><00:13:32.160><c> simon</c>

00:13:32.550 --> 00:13:32.560 align:start position:0%
initially and uh later through simon
 

00:13:32.560 --> 00:13:33.509 align:start position:0%
initially and uh later through simon
demaio

00:13:33.509 --> 00:13:33.519 align:start position:0%
demaio
 

00:13:33.519 --> 00:13:35.590 align:start position:0%
demaio
who's<00:13:34.320><c> currently</c><00:13:34.720><c> i</c><00:13:34.800><c> believe</c><00:13:35.120><c> their</c><00:13:35.279><c> director</c>

00:13:35.590 --> 00:13:35.600 align:start position:0%
who's currently i believe their director
 

00:13:35.600 --> 00:13:37.190 align:start position:0%
who's currently i believe their director
of<00:13:35.680><c> applied</c><00:13:36.079><c> research</c>

00:13:37.190 --> 00:13:37.200 align:start position:0%
of applied research
 

00:13:37.200 --> 00:13:39.990 align:start position:0%
of applied research
and<00:13:37.360><c> then</c><00:13:37.760><c> most</c><00:13:38.000><c> recently</c><00:13:38.480><c> very</c><00:13:38.720><c> recently</c><00:13:39.360><c> um</c>

00:13:39.990 --> 00:13:40.000 align:start position:0%
and then most recently very recently um
 

00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:41.269 align:start position:0%
and then most recently very recently um
tony<00:13:40.320><c> yark</c>

00:13:41.269 --> 00:13:41.279 align:start position:0%
tony yark
 

00:13:41.279 --> 00:13:44.550 align:start position:0%
tony yark
who<00:13:41.680><c> uh</c><00:13:42.639><c> i</c><00:13:42.800><c> think</c><00:13:43.120><c> is</c><00:13:43.440><c> uh</c><00:13:43.920><c> not</c><00:13:44.160><c> quite</c><00:13:44.320><c> sure</c><00:13:44.480><c> what</c>

00:13:44.550 --> 00:13:44.560 align:start position:0%
who uh i think is uh not quite sure what
 

00:13:44.560 --> 00:13:47.189 align:start position:0%
who uh i think is uh not quite sure what
his<00:13:44.720><c> position</c><00:13:45.040><c> is</c>

00:13:47.189 --> 00:13:47.199 align:start position:0%
his position is
 

00:13:47.199 --> 00:13:49.590 align:start position:0%
his position is
and<00:13:47.360><c> if</c><00:13:47.440><c> some</c><00:13:47.680><c> of</c><00:13:47.839><c> your</c><00:13:48.480><c> designs</c><00:13:49.120><c> or</c>

00:13:49.590 --> 00:13:49.600 align:start position:0%
and if some of your designs or
 

00:13:49.600 --> 00:13:50.949 align:start position:0%
and if some of your designs or
principles

00:13:50.949 --> 00:13:50.959 align:start position:0%
principles
 

00:13:50.959 --> 00:13:53.750 align:start position:0%
principles
reintegrated<00:13:51.760><c> into</c><00:13:51.920><c> their</c><00:13:52.160><c> technology</c><00:13:53.279><c> so</c><00:13:53.600><c> i</c>

00:13:53.750 --> 00:13:53.760 align:start position:0%
reintegrated into their technology so i
 

00:13:53.760 --> 00:13:54.389 align:start position:0%
reintegrated into their technology so i
don't<00:13:54.000><c> believe</c>

00:13:54.389 --> 00:13:54.399 align:start position:0%
don't believe
 

00:13:54.399 --> 00:13:57.030 align:start position:0%
don't believe
anything<00:13:54.880><c> has</c><00:13:55.040><c> gone</c><00:13:55.360><c> directly</c><00:13:56.320><c> into</c><00:13:56.720><c> the</c>

00:13:57.030 --> 00:13:57.040 align:start position:0%
anything has gone directly into the
 

00:13:57.040 --> 00:13:57.750 align:start position:0%
anything has gone directly into the
product

00:13:57.750 --> 00:13:57.760 align:start position:0%
product
 

00:13:57.760 --> 00:14:00.829 align:start position:0%
product
but<00:13:58.160><c> some</c><00:13:58.399><c> of</c><00:13:58.639><c> our</c><00:13:58.959><c> ip</c><00:13:59.839><c> has</c><00:14:00.240><c> been</c>

00:14:00.829 --> 00:14:00.839 align:start position:0%
but some of our ip has been
 

00:14:00.839 --> 00:14:03.910 align:start position:0%
but some of our ip has been
um<00:14:02.160><c> of</c><00:14:02.399><c> interest</c><00:14:02.800><c> or</c><00:14:03.120><c> licensed</c><00:14:03.600><c> by</c><00:14:03.760><c> the</c>

00:14:03.910 --> 00:14:03.920 align:start position:0%
um of interest or licensed by the
 

00:14:03.920 --> 00:14:05.350 align:start position:0%
um of interest or licensed by the
company

00:14:05.350 --> 00:14:05.360 align:start position:0%
company
 

00:14:05.360 --> 00:14:07.750 align:start position:0%
company
and<00:14:05.519><c> do</c><00:14:05.680><c> you</c><00:14:05.760><c> have</c><00:14:06.079><c> patents</c><00:14:06.560><c> on</c><00:14:06.720><c> some</c><00:14:06.880><c> of</c><00:14:06.959><c> these</c>

00:14:07.750 --> 00:14:07.760 align:start position:0%
and do you have patents on some of these
 

00:14:07.760 --> 00:14:09.110 align:start position:0%
and do you have patents on some of these
uh<00:14:08.320><c> yeah</c>

00:14:09.110 --> 00:14:09.120 align:start position:0%
uh yeah
 

00:14:09.120 --> 00:14:12.710 align:start position:0%
uh yeah
so<00:14:09.839><c> uh</c><00:14:10.720><c> so</c><00:14:11.040><c> some</c><00:14:11.279><c> examples</c><00:14:12.079><c> so</c><00:14:12.320><c> this</c><00:14:12.480><c> is</c><00:14:12.560><c> still</c>

00:14:12.710 --> 00:14:12.720 align:start position:0%
so uh so some examples so this is still
 

00:14:12.720 --> 00:14:13.829 align:start position:0%
so uh so some examples so this is still
on<00:14:12.800><c> the</c><00:14:12.800><c> haptic</c><00:14:13.199><c> feedback</c>

00:14:13.829 --> 00:14:13.839 align:start position:0%
on the haptic feedback
 

00:14:13.839 --> 00:14:18.069 align:start position:0%
on the haptic feedback
side<00:14:16.240><c> so</c><00:14:16.399><c> in</c><00:14:16.560><c> addition</c><00:14:16.959><c> to</c><00:14:17.199><c> just</c><00:14:17.360><c> giving</c><00:14:17.760><c> force</c>

00:14:18.069 --> 00:14:18.079 align:start position:0%
side so in addition to just giving force
 

00:14:18.079 --> 00:14:19.670 align:start position:0%
side so in addition to just giving force
feedback<00:14:18.560><c> in</c><00:14:18.639><c> real</c><00:14:18.880><c> time</c><00:14:19.199><c> whether</c><00:14:19.440><c> it's</c>

00:14:19.670 --> 00:14:19.680 align:start position:0%
feedback in real time whether it's
 

00:14:19.680 --> 00:14:21.829 align:start position:0%
feedback in real time whether it's
through<00:14:19.920><c> the</c><00:14:20.000><c> hand</c><00:14:20.399><c> or</c><00:14:20.560><c> graphically</c>

00:14:21.829 --> 00:14:21.839 align:start position:0%
through the hand or graphically
 

00:14:21.839 --> 00:14:24.310 align:start position:0%
through the hand or graphically
we've<00:14:22.959><c> we're</c><00:14:23.120><c> building</c><00:14:23.440><c> these</c><00:14:23.680><c> graphical</c>

00:14:24.310 --> 00:14:24.320 align:start position:0%
we've we're building these graphical
 

00:14:24.320 --> 00:14:26.389 align:start position:0%
we've we're building these graphical
maps<00:14:24.800><c> of</c><00:14:25.040><c> tissue</c><00:14:25.440><c> stiffness</c><00:14:25.920><c> so</c><00:14:26.079><c> you</c><00:14:26.160><c> could</c>

00:14:26.389 --> 00:14:26.399 align:start position:0%
maps of tissue stiffness so you could
 

00:14:26.399 --> 00:14:27.990 align:start position:0%
maps of tissue stiffness so you could
palpate<00:14:26.880><c> and</c><00:14:27.120><c> explore</c><00:14:27.600><c> and</c><00:14:27.680><c> it</c><00:14:27.760><c> would</c>

00:14:27.990 --> 00:14:28.000 align:start position:0%
palpate and explore and it would
 

00:14:28.000 --> 00:14:29.509 align:start position:0%
palpate and explore and it would
estimate<00:14:28.399><c> the</c><00:14:28.480><c> mechanical</c><00:14:29.040><c> properties</c><00:14:29.440><c> of</c>

00:14:29.509 --> 00:14:29.519 align:start position:0%
estimate the mechanical properties of
 

00:14:29.519 --> 00:14:30.230 align:start position:0%
estimate the mechanical properties of
the<00:14:29.600><c> tissue</c>

00:14:30.230 --> 00:14:30.240 align:start position:0%
the tissue
 

00:14:30.240 --> 00:14:31.750 align:start position:0%
the tissue
and<00:14:30.320><c> then</c><00:14:30.480><c> kind</c><00:14:30.639><c> of</c><00:14:30.800><c> draw</c><00:14:30.959><c> you</c><00:14:31.120><c> a</c><00:14:31.279><c> map</c><00:14:31.519><c> of</c><00:14:31.600><c> how</c>

00:14:31.750 --> 00:14:31.760 align:start position:0%
and then kind of draw you a map of how
 

00:14:31.760 --> 00:14:33.350 align:start position:0%
and then kind of draw you a map of how
stiff<00:14:32.079><c> the</c><00:14:32.240><c> tissue</c><00:14:32.560><c> was</c><00:14:32.800><c> where</c><00:14:33.040><c> so</c><00:14:33.199><c> you</c><00:14:33.279><c> could</c>

00:14:33.350 --> 00:14:33.360 align:start position:0%
stiff the tissue was where so you could
 

00:14:33.360 --> 00:14:34.069 align:start position:0%
stiff the tissue was where so you could
help<00:14:33.600><c> you</c>

00:14:34.069 --> 00:14:34.079 align:start position:0%
help you
 

00:14:34.079 --> 00:14:36.470 align:start position:0%
help you
find<00:14:34.399><c> a</c><00:14:34.639><c> hard</c><00:14:34.959><c> lump</c><00:14:35.519><c> in</c><00:14:35.839><c> soft</c><00:14:36.079><c> tissue</c><00:14:36.399><c> that</c>

00:14:36.470 --> 00:14:36.480 align:start position:0%
find a hard lump in soft tissue that
 

00:14:36.480 --> 00:14:37.590 align:start position:0%
find a hard lump in soft tissue that
could<00:14:36.720><c> indicate</c>

00:14:37.590 --> 00:14:37.600 align:start position:0%
could indicate
 

00:14:37.600 --> 00:14:40.870 align:start position:0%
could indicate
uh<00:14:37.839><c> cancer</c><00:14:38.399><c> so</c><00:14:38.639><c> that's</c><00:14:38.959><c> on</c><00:14:39.199><c> patent</c>

00:14:40.870 --> 00:14:40.880 align:start position:0%
uh cancer so that's on patent
 

00:14:40.880 --> 00:14:42.870 align:start position:0%
uh cancer so that's on patent
i<00:14:41.040><c> could</c><00:14:41.279><c> switch</c><00:14:41.519><c> gears</c><00:14:42.000><c> so</c><00:14:42.079><c> another</c><00:14:42.480><c> major</c>

00:14:42.870 --> 00:14:42.880 align:start position:0%
i could switch gears so another major
 

00:14:42.880 --> 00:14:45.350 align:start position:0%
i could switch gears so another major
thing<00:14:43.120><c> that</c><00:14:43.279><c> i</c><00:14:43.360><c> worked</c><00:14:43.680><c> on</c><00:14:43.920><c> at</c><00:14:44.079><c> johns</c><00:14:44.320><c> hopkins</c>

00:14:45.350 --> 00:14:45.360 align:start position:0%
thing that i worked on at johns hopkins
 

00:14:45.360 --> 00:14:48.870 align:start position:0%
thing that i worked on at johns hopkins
um<00:14:46.880><c> uh</c><00:14:47.279><c> i</c><00:14:47.360><c> guess</c><00:14:47.600><c> i</c><00:14:47.680><c> should</c><00:14:47.920><c> mention</c><00:14:48.320><c> that</c>

00:14:48.870 --> 00:14:48.880 align:start position:0%
um uh i guess i should mention that
 

00:14:48.880 --> 00:14:51.430 align:start position:0%
um uh i guess i should mention that
so<00:14:49.040><c> that</c><00:14:49.199><c> the</c><00:14:49.360><c> haptic</c><00:14:50.079><c> the</c><00:14:50.320><c> virtual</c><00:14:50.720><c> fixtures</c>

00:14:51.430 --> 00:14:51.440 align:start position:0%
so that the haptic the virtual fixtures
 

00:14:51.440 --> 00:14:52.069 align:start position:0%
so that the haptic the virtual fixtures
and<00:14:51.680><c> um</c>

00:14:52.069 --> 00:14:52.079 align:start position:0%
and um
 

00:14:52.079 --> 00:14:54.550 align:start position:0%
and um
heptic<00:14:52.480><c> feedback</c><00:14:52.959><c> side</c><00:14:53.279><c> and</c><00:14:53.360><c> see</c><00:14:53.920><c> the</c><00:14:54.240><c> major</c>

00:14:54.550 --> 00:14:54.560 align:start position:0%
heptic feedback side and see the major
 

00:14:54.560 --> 00:14:55.670 align:start position:0%
heptic feedback side and see the major
players<00:14:54.880><c> there</c><00:14:55.040><c> where</c><00:14:55.279><c> my</c>

00:14:55.670 --> 00:14:55.680 align:start position:0%
players there where my
 

00:14:55.680 --> 00:14:57.350 align:start position:0%
players there where my
grad<00:14:55.920><c> student</c><00:14:56.480><c> jake</c><00:14:56.800><c> abbott</c><00:14:57.120><c> he's</c><00:14:57.199><c> now</c>

00:14:57.350 --> 00:14:57.360 align:start position:0%
grad student jake abbott he's now
 

00:14:57.360 --> 00:14:59.350 align:start position:0%
grad student jake abbott he's now
professor<00:14:57.680><c> at</c><00:14:57.839><c> university</c><00:14:58.240><c> of</c><00:14:58.320><c> utah</c>

00:14:59.350 --> 00:14:59.360 align:start position:0%
professor at university of utah
 

00:14:59.360 --> 00:15:01.670 align:start position:0%
professor at university of utah
and<00:14:59.680><c> panata</c><00:15:00.160><c> mara</c><00:15:00.480><c> young</c><00:15:00.880><c> professor</c><00:15:01.279><c> at</c><00:15:01.360><c> cal</c>

00:15:01.670 --> 00:15:01.680 align:start position:0%
and panata mara young professor at cal
 

00:15:01.680 --> 00:15:03.670 align:start position:0%
and panata mara young professor at cal
state<00:15:02.320><c> long</c><00:15:02.639><c> beach</c>

00:15:03.670 --> 00:15:03.680 align:start position:0%
state long beach
 

00:15:03.680 --> 00:15:06.150 align:start position:0%
state long beach
but<00:15:03.920><c> any</c><00:15:04.079><c> case</c><00:15:04.399><c> a</c><00:15:04.959><c> very</c><00:15:05.279><c> large</c><00:15:05.519><c> portion</c><00:15:05.839><c> of</c><00:15:05.920><c> my</c>

00:15:06.150 --> 00:15:06.160 align:start position:0%
but any case a very large portion of my
 

00:15:06.160 --> 00:15:07.269 align:start position:0%
but any case a very large portion of my
work

00:15:07.269 --> 00:15:07.279 align:start position:0%
work
 

00:15:07.279 --> 00:15:08.870 align:start position:0%
work
was<00:15:07.440><c> started</c><00:15:07.760><c> a</c><00:15:07.839><c> few</c><00:15:08.000><c> years</c><00:15:08.240><c> after</c><00:15:08.480><c> i</c><00:15:08.560><c> got</c><00:15:08.720><c> to</c>

00:15:08.870 --> 00:15:08.880 align:start position:0%
was started a few years after i got to
 

00:15:08.880 --> 00:15:12.230 align:start position:0%
was started a few years after i got to
hopkins<00:15:09.600><c> with</c><00:15:09.839><c> steerable</c><00:15:10.839><c> needles</c>

00:15:12.230 --> 00:15:12.240 align:start position:0%
hopkins with steerable needles
 

00:15:12.240 --> 00:15:14.710 align:start position:0%
hopkins with steerable needles
and<00:15:13.120><c> this</c><00:15:13.600><c> also</c><00:15:14.000><c> came</c><00:15:14.240><c> out</c><00:15:14.399><c> of</c><00:15:14.480><c> this</c>

00:15:14.710 --> 00:15:14.720 align:start position:0%
and this also came out of this
 

00:15:14.720 --> 00:15:16.310 align:start position:0%
and this also came out of this
engineering<00:15:15.199><c> research</c><00:15:15.519><c> center</c><00:15:15.760><c> for</c><00:15:15.920><c> computer</c>

00:15:16.310 --> 00:15:16.320 align:start position:0%
engineering research center for computer
 

00:15:16.320 --> 00:15:17.990 align:start position:0%
engineering research center for computer
integrated<00:15:16.800><c> surgery</c>

00:15:17.990 --> 00:15:18.000 align:start position:0%
integrated surgery
 

00:15:18.000 --> 00:15:20.949 align:start position:0%
integrated surgery
because<00:15:19.040><c> we</c><00:15:19.199><c> were</c><00:15:19.360><c> interested</c><00:15:20.000><c> in</c><00:15:20.639><c> very</c>

00:15:20.949 --> 00:15:20.959 align:start position:0%
because we were interested in very
 

00:15:20.959 --> 00:15:22.710 align:start position:0%
because we were interested in very
minimally<00:15:21.360><c> invasive</c><00:15:21.839><c> procedures</c><00:15:22.399><c> and</c>

00:15:22.710 --> 00:15:22.720 align:start position:0%
minimally invasive procedures and
 

00:15:22.720 --> 00:15:25.990 align:start position:0%
minimally invasive procedures and
needles<00:15:23.120><c> are</c><00:15:23.360><c> very</c><00:15:23.760><c> minimally</c><00:15:24.160><c> invasive</c><00:15:25.199><c> and</c>

00:15:25.990 --> 00:15:26.000 align:start position:0%
needles are very minimally invasive and
 

00:15:26.000 --> 00:15:29.030 align:start position:0%
needles are very minimally invasive and
so<00:15:27.040><c> my</c><00:15:27.199><c> graduate</c><00:15:27.600><c> student</c><00:15:27.839><c> bob</c><00:15:28.160><c> webster</c><00:15:28.880><c> at</c>

00:15:29.030 --> 00:15:29.040 align:start position:0%
so my graduate student bob webster at
 

00:15:29.040 --> 00:15:30.389 align:start position:0%
so my graduate student bob webster at
the<00:15:29.120><c> time</c><00:15:29.360><c> who's</c><00:15:29.519><c> now</c><00:15:29.680><c> a</c><00:15:29.839><c> professor</c><00:15:30.240><c> at</c>

00:15:30.389 --> 00:15:30.399 align:start position:0%
the time who's now a professor at
 

00:15:30.399 --> 00:15:32.310 align:start position:0%
the time who's now a professor at
vanderbilt

00:15:32.310 --> 00:15:32.320 align:start position:0%
vanderbilt
 

00:15:32.320 --> 00:15:35.030 align:start position:0%
vanderbilt
and<00:15:32.560><c> i</c><00:15:32.959><c> as</c><00:15:33.120><c> well</c><00:15:33.360><c> as</c><00:15:33.759><c> other</c><00:15:34.000><c> faculty</c><00:15:34.720><c> including</c>

00:15:35.030 --> 00:15:35.040 align:start position:0%
and i as well as other faculty including
 

00:15:35.040 --> 00:15:36.230 align:start position:0%
and i as well as other faculty including
greg<00:15:35.360><c> trichian</c>

00:15:36.230 --> 00:15:36.240 align:start position:0%
greg trichian
 

00:15:36.240 --> 00:15:39.749 align:start position:0%
greg trichian
and<00:15:36.560><c> noah</c><00:15:36.959><c> cowan</c><00:15:38.639><c> we</c>

00:15:39.749 --> 00:15:39.759 align:start position:0%
and noah cowan we
 

00:15:39.759 --> 00:15:42.550 align:start position:0%
and noah cowan we
worked<00:15:40.079><c> together</c><00:15:40.480><c> to</c><00:15:40.639><c> develop</c><00:15:41.759><c> as</c><00:15:41.920><c> well</c><00:15:42.079><c> as</c>

00:15:42.550 --> 00:15:42.560 align:start position:0%
worked together to develop as well as
 

00:15:42.560 --> 00:15:43.749 align:start position:0%
worked together to develop as well as
ken<00:15:42.800><c> goldberg</c>

00:15:43.749 --> 00:15:43.759 align:start position:0%
ken goldberg
 

00:15:43.759 --> 00:15:46.150 align:start position:0%
ken goldberg
who<00:15:44.000><c> is</c><00:15:44.079><c> a</c><00:15:44.160><c> professor</c><00:15:44.560><c> at</c><00:15:44.639><c> berkeley</c><00:15:45.600><c> uh</c>

00:15:46.150 --> 00:15:46.160 align:start position:0%
who is a professor at berkeley uh
 

00:15:46.160 --> 00:15:48.150 align:start position:0%
who is a professor at berkeley uh
methods<00:15:46.639><c> for</c><00:15:46.959><c> creating</c><00:15:47.279><c> these</c><00:15:47.519><c> very</c><00:15:47.839><c> thin</c>

00:15:48.150 --> 00:15:48.160 align:start position:0%
methods for creating these very thin
 

00:15:48.160 --> 00:15:49.670 align:start position:0%
methods for creating these very thin
flexible<00:15:48.639><c> needles</c><00:15:49.040><c> and</c><00:15:49.120><c> getting</c><00:15:49.360><c> them</c><00:15:49.519><c> to</c>

00:15:49.670 --> 00:15:49.680 align:start position:0%
flexible needles and getting them to
 

00:15:49.680 --> 00:15:52.470 align:start position:0%
flexible needles and getting them to
steer<00:15:50.079><c> through</c><00:15:50.240><c> tissue</c><00:15:51.120><c> to</c><00:15:51.360><c> targets</c>

00:15:52.470 --> 00:15:52.480 align:start position:0%
steer through tissue to targets
 

00:15:52.480 --> 00:15:54.949 align:start position:0%
steer through tissue to targets
and<00:15:52.959><c> uh</c><00:15:53.279><c> that</c><00:15:53.440><c> was</c><00:15:53.680><c> a</c><00:15:53.920><c> very</c><00:15:54.160><c> big</c><00:15:54.399><c> collaborative</c>

00:15:54.949 --> 00:15:54.959 align:start position:0%
and uh that was a very big collaborative
 

00:15:54.959 --> 00:15:55.749 align:start position:0%
and uh that was a very big collaborative
project

00:15:55.749 --> 00:15:55.759 align:start position:0%
project
 

00:15:55.759 --> 00:15:58.389 align:start position:0%
project
that<00:15:56.240><c> uh</c><00:15:56.959><c> had</c><00:15:57.279><c> you</c><00:15:57.360><c> know</c><00:15:57.519><c> multiple</c><00:15:58.000><c> rounds</c><00:15:58.320><c> of</c>

00:15:58.389 --> 00:15:58.399 align:start position:0%
that uh had you know multiple rounds of
 

00:15:58.399 --> 00:15:59.829 align:start position:0%
that uh had you know multiple rounds of
national<00:15:58.720><c> institutes</c><00:15:59.120><c> of</c><00:15:59.199><c> health</c><00:15:59.440><c> funding</c>

00:15:59.829 --> 00:15:59.839 align:start position:0%
national institutes of health funding
 

00:15:59.839 --> 00:16:00.389 align:start position:0%
national institutes of health funding
and<00:16:00.000><c> still</c>

00:16:00.389 --> 00:16:00.399 align:start position:0%
and still
 

00:16:00.399 --> 00:16:03.509 align:start position:0%
and still
continues<00:16:00.959><c> in</c><00:16:01.040><c> my</c><00:16:01.360><c> in</c><00:16:01.519><c> my</c><00:16:01.759><c> lab</c><00:16:02.079><c> to</c><00:16:02.240><c> date</c>

00:16:03.509 --> 00:16:03.519 align:start position:0%
continues in my in my lab to date
 

00:16:03.519 --> 00:16:04.949 align:start position:0%
continues in my in my lab to date
so<00:16:03.680><c> this</c><00:16:03.839><c> kind</c><00:16:03.920><c> of</c><00:16:04.000><c> gets</c><00:16:04.240><c> into</c><00:16:04.480><c> the</c><00:16:04.560><c> snake</c>

00:16:04.949 --> 00:16:04.959 align:start position:0%
so this kind of gets into the snake
 

00:16:04.959 --> 00:16:06.790 align:start position:0%
so this kind of gets into the snake
robots<00:16:06.079><c> right</c><00:16:06.399><c> it's</c><00:16:06.560><c> a</c>

00:16:06.790 --> 00:16:06.800 align:start position:0%
robots right it's a
 

00:16:06.800 --> 00:16:09.430 align:start position:0%
robots right it's a
snake-like<00:16:07.440><c> robot</c><00:16:08.320><c> yeah</c><00:16:08.800><c> but</c><00:16:08.959><c> it's</c><00:16:09.120><c> on</c><00:16:09.199><c> a</c><00:16:09.279><c> very</c>

00:16:09.430 --> 00:16:09.440 align:start position:0%
snake-like robot yeah but it's on a very
 

00:16:09.440 --> 00:16:10.629 align:start position:0%
snake-like robot yeah but it's on a very
small<00:16:09.759><c> scale</c>

00:16:10.629 --> 00:16:10.639 align:start position:0%
small scale
 

00:16:10.639 --> 00:16:13.030 align:start position:0%
small scale
right<00:16:11.040><c> right</c><00:16:11.279><c> and</c><00:16:11.360><c> it</c><00:16:11.440><c> doesn't</c><00:16:11.839><c> um</c><00:16:12.399><c> locomote</c>

00:16:13.030 --> 00:16:13.040 align:start position:0%
right right and it doesn't um locomote
 

00:16:13.040 --> 00:16:14.790 align:start position:0%
right right and it doesn't um locomote
at<00:16:13.199><c> all</c><00:16:13.519><c> like</c><00:16:13.759><c> a</c><00:16:14.000><c> snake</c><00:16:14.480><c> so</c>

00:16:14.790 --> 00:16:14.800 align:start position:0%
at all like a snake so
 

00:16:14.800 --> 00:16:16.949 align:start position:0%
at all like a snake so
it's<00:16:14.959><c> not</c><00:16:15.279><c> usually</c><00:16:15.600><c> classified</c><00:16:16.399><c> with</c><00:16:16.560><c> those</c><00:16:16.880><c> i</c>

00:16:16.949 --> 00:16:16.959 align:start position:0%
it's not usually classified with those i
 

00:16:16.959 --> 00:16:18.310 align:start position:0%
it's not usually classified with those i
guess<00:16:17.199><c> it's</c><00:16:17.360><c> classified</c><00:16:17.839><c> though</c><00:16:18.079><c> as</c><00:16:18.240><c> a</c>

00:16:18.310 --> 00:16:18.320 align:start position:0%
guess it's classified though as a
 

00:16:18.320 --> 00:16:19.990 align:start position:0%
guess it's classified though as a
continuum<00:16:19.040><c> robot</c>

00:16:19.990 --> 00:16:20.000 align:start position:0%
continuum robot
 

00:16:20.000 --> 00:16:22.069 align:start position:0%
continuum robot
in<00:16:20.160><c> that</c><00:16:20.560><c> uh</c><00:16:21.120><c> it</c><00:16:21.279><c> has</c><00:16:21.519><c> these</c><00:16:21.759><c> sort</c><00:16:21.920><c> of</c>

00:16:22.069 --> 00:16:22.079 align:start position:0%
in that uh it has these sort of
 

00:16:22.079 --> 00:16:24.710 align:start position:0%
in that uh it has these sort of
continuous<00:16:22.959><c> kinematics</c><00:16:23.680><c> in</c><00:16:23.759><c> the</c><00:16:23.920><c> way</c><00:16:24.079><c> that</c>

00:16:24.710 --> 00:16:24.720 align:start position:0%
continuous kinematics in the way that
 

00:16:24.720 --> 00:16:27.030 align:start position:0%
continuous kinematics in the way that
a<00:16:24.959><c> snake</c><00:16:25.360><c> does</c><00:16:25.920><c> but</c><00:16:26.240><c> instead</c><00:16:26.560><c> of</c><00:16:26.720><c> being</c>

00:16:27.030 --> 00:16:27.040 align:start position:0%
a snake does but instead of being
 

00:16:27.040 --> 00:16:28.470 align:start position:0%
a snake does but instead of being
something<00:16:27.279><c> that</c><00:16:27.440><c> kind</c><00:16:27.600><c> of</c><00:16:27.759><c> locomotes</c><00:16:28.320><c> by</c>

00:16:28.470 --> 00:16:28.480 align:start position:0%
something that kind of locomotes by
 

00:16:28.480 --> 00:16:30.629 align:start position:0%
something that kind of locomotes by
itself<00:16:28.880><c> it's</c><00:16:29.360><c> pushed</c><00:16:29.600><c> into</c><00:16:29.839><c> the</c><00:16:30.000><c> body</c><00:16:30.399><c> from</c>

00:16:30.629 --> 00:16:30.639 align:start position:0%
itself it's pushed into the body from
 

00:16:30.639 --> 00:16:32.150 align:start position:0%
itself it's pushed into the body from
the<00:16:30.800><c> outside</c><00:16:31.360><c> so</c><00:16:31.519><c> there's</c><00:16:31.759><c> always</c><00:16:32.000><c> an</c>

00:16:32.150 --> 00:16:32.160 align:start position:0%
the outside so there's always an
 

00:16:32.160 --> 00:16:34.310 align:start position:0%
the outside so there's always an
actuator<00:16:32.720><c> that's</c><00:16:32.959><c> outside</c><00:16:33.360><c> the</c><00:16:33.519><c> body</c>

00:16:34.310 --> 00:16:34.320 align:start position:0%
actuator that's outside the body
 

00:16:34.320 --> 00:16:36.710 align:start position:0%
actuator that's outside the body
that<00:16:34.639><c> inserts</c><00:16:35.120><c> and</c><00:16:35.360><c> spins</c><00:16:35.759><c> the</c><00:16:35.920><c> needle</c><00:16:36.480><c> and</c>

00:16:36.710 --> 00:16:36.720 align:start position:0%
that inserts and spins the needle and
 

00:16:36.720 --> 00:16:37.990 align:start position:0%
that inserts and spins the needle and
through<00:16:36.880><c> the</c><00:16:36.959><c> flexibility</c><00:16:37.519><c> of</c><00:16:37.600><c> the</c><00:16:37.759><c> needle</c>

00:16:37.990 --> 00:16:38.000 align:start position:0%
through the flexibility of the needle
 

00:16:38.000 --> 00:16:39.269 align:start position:0%
through the flexibility of the needle
and<00:16:38.160><c> interaction</c><00:16:38.560><c> with</c><00:16:38.639><c> the</c><00:16:38.720><c> tissue</c><00:16:39.120><c> you</c><00:16:39.199><c> can</c>

00:16:39.269 --> 00:16:39.279 align:start position:0%
and interaction with the tissue you can
 

00:16:39.279 --> 00:16:41.350 align:start position:0%
and interaction with the tissue you can
get<00:16:39.440><c> it</c><00:16:39.519><c> to</c><00:16:39.759><c> steer</c><00:16:40.000><c> around</c><00:16:40.320><c> obstacles</c>

00:16:41.350 --> 00:16:41.360 align:start position:0%
get it to steer around obstacles
 

00:16:41.360 --> 00:16:44.150 align:start position:0%
get it to steer around obstacles
and<00:16:41.519><c> get</c><00:16:41.680><c> to</c><00:16:41.839><c> targets</c><00:16:43.440><c> that</c><00:16:43.680><c> was</c><00:16:43.839><c> a</c><00:16:43.920><c> cool</c>

00:16:44.150 --> 00:16:44.160 align:start position:0%
and get to targets that was a cool
 

00:16:44.160 --> 00:16:45.189 align:start position:0%
and get to targets that was a cool
project<00:16:44.560><c> because</c><00:16:44.880><c> it</c>

00:16:45.189 --> 00:16:45.199 align:start position:0%
project because it
 

00:16:45.199 --> 00:16:49.269 align:start position:0%
project because it
uh<00:16:46.639><c> it</c><00:16:47.199><c> was</c><00:16:47.440><c> this</c><00:16:47.920><c> medical</c><00:16:48.320><c> application</c><00:16:49.120><c> that</c>

00:16:49.269 --> 00:16:49.279 align:start position:0%
uh it was this medical application that
 

00:16:49.279 --> 00:16:49.990 align:start position:0%
uh it was this medical application that
was<00:16:49.440><c> very</c><00:16:49.759><c> very</c>

00:16:49.990 --> 00:16:50.000 align:start position:0%
was very very
 

00:16:50.000 --> 00:16:51.990 align:start position:0%
was very very
relevant<00:16:50.560><c> but</c><00:16:51.040><c> it</c><00:16:51.279><c> could</c><00:16:51.519><c> use</c><00:16:51.680><c> all</c><00:16:51.759><c> these</c>

00:16:51.990 --> 00:16:52.000 align:start position:0%
relevant but it could use all these
 

00:16:52.000 --> 00:16:53.670 align:start position:0%
relevant but it could use all these
principles<00:16:52.480><c> from</c><00:16:52.639><c> mobile</c><00:16:53.040><c> robots</c><00:16:53.519><c> and</c>

00:16:53.670 --> 00:16:53.680 align:start position:0%
principles from mobile robots and
 

00:16:53.680 --> 00:16:55.509 align:start position:0%
principles from mobile robots and
planners<00:16:54.240><c> that</c><00:16:54.399><c> people</c><00:16:54.720><c> use</c><00:16:54.959><c> to</c><00:16:55.120><c> get</c><00:16:55.279><c> mobile</c>

00:16:55.509 --> 00:16:55.519 align:start position:0%
planners that people use to get mobile
 

00:16:55.519 --> 00:16:56.790 align:start position:0%
planners that people use to get mobile
robots<00:16:55.920><c> to</c><00:16:56.000><c> drive</c><00:16:56.160><c> around</c><00:16:56.399><c> the</c><00:16:56.480><c> ground</c><00:16:56.720><c> you</c>

00:16:56.790 --> 00:16:56.800 align:start position:0%
robots to drive around the ground you
 

00:16:56.800 --> 00:16:58.310 align:start position:0%
robots to drive around the ground you
could<00:16:56.959><c> use</c><00:16:57.199><c> to</c><00:16:57.360><c> now</c><00:16:57.519><c> steer</c><00:16:57.839><c> this</c><00:16:58.000><c> buff</c><00:16:58.240><c> you</c>

00:16:58.310 --> 00:16:58.320 align:start position:0%
could use to now steer this buff you
 

00:16:58.320 --> 00:17:00.069 align:start position:0%
could use to now steer this buff you
know<00:16:58.480><c> needle</c><00:16:58.800><c> through</c><00:16:58.959><c> the</c><00:16:59.120><c> body</c>

00:17:00.069 --> 00:17:00.079 align:start position:0%
know needle through the body
 

00:17:00.079 --> 00:17:01.910 align:start position:0%
know needle through the body
but<00:17:00.240><c> it's</c><00:17:00.399><c> still</c><00:17:00.560><c> a</c><00:17:00.720><c> more</c><00:17:00.959><c> collaborative</c>

00:17:01.910 --> 00:17:01.920 align:start position:0%
but it's still a more collaborative
 

00:17:01.920 --> 00:17:05.189 align:start position:0%
but it's still a more collaborative
controlled<00:17:02.480><c> mode</c>

00:17:05.189 --> 00:17:05.199 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:17:05.199 --> 00:17:08.110 align:start position:0%
 
oh<00:17:05.600><c> actually</c><00:17:06.160><c> so</c><00:17:06.319><c> we</c><00:17:06.640><c> initially</c><00:17:07.199><c> did</c><00:17:07.439><c> that</c><00:17:07.839><c> um</c>

00:17:08.110 --> 00:17:08.120 align:start position:0%
oh actually so we initially did that um
 

00:17:08.120 --> 00:17:09.669 align:start position:0%
oh actually so we initially did that um
autonomously

00:17:09.669 --> 00:17:09.679 align:start position:0%
autonomously
 

00:17:09.679 --> 00:17:12.470 align:start position:0%
autonomously
uh<00:17:10.079><c> well</c><00:17:11.120><c> for</c><00:17:11.280><c> practical</c><00:17:11.839><c> clinical</c>

00:17:12.470 --> 00:17:12.480 align:start position:0%
uh well for practical clinical
 

00:17:12.480 --> 00:17:14.549 align:start position:0%
uh well for practical clinical
implementation<00:17:13.439><c> i</c><00:17:13.600><c> think</c><00:17:13.839><c> that</c>

00:17:14.549 --> 00:17:14.559 align:start position:0%
implementation i think that
 

00:17:14.559 --> 00:17:17.189 align:start position:0%
implementation i think that
uh<00:17:15.120><c> uh</c><00:17:15.600><c> that</c><00:17:15.919><c> was</c><00:17:16.160><c> you</c><00:17:16.319><c> know</c><00:17:16.400><c> not</c><00:17:16.559><c> the</c><00:17:16.720><c> only</c>

00:17:17.189 --> 00:17:17.199 align:start position:0%
uh uh that was you know not the only
 

00:17:17.199 --> 00:17:18.549 align:start position:0%
uh uh that was you know not the only
initial<00:17:17.520><c> way</c><00:17:17.679><c> to</c><00:17:17.760><c> go</c><00:17:17.839><c> for</c><00:17:18.000><c> the</c><00:17:18.160><c> the</c><00:17:18.319><c> cool</c>

00:17:18.549 --> 00:17:18.559 align:start position:0%
initial way to go for the the cool
 

00:17:18.559 --> 00:17:19.429 align:start position:0%
initial way to go for the the cool
robotics

00:17:19.429 --> 00:17:19.439 align:start position:0%
robotics
 

00:17:19.439 --> 00:17:22.710 align:start position:0%
robotics
approach<00:17:19.839><c> was</c><00:17:20.079><c> to</c><00:17:20.160><c> make</c><00:17:20.400><c> it</c><00:17:20.480><c> autonomous</c><00:17:21.199><c> so</c><00:17:21.919><c> um</c>

00:17:22.710 --> 00:17:22.720 align:start position:0%
approach was to make it autonomous so um
 

00:17:22.720 --> 00:17:24.949 align:start position:0%
approach was to make it autonomous so um
with<00:17:23.039><c> noah</c><00:17:23.360><c> cowan's</c><00:17:24.079><c> group</c><00:17:24.480><c> and</c><00:17:24.640><c> with</c><00:17:24.799><c> his</c>

00:17:24.949 --> 00:17:24.959 align:start position:0%
with noah cowan's group and with his
 

00:17:24.959 --> 00:17:26.390 align:start position:0%
with noah cowan's group and with his
student<00:17:25.120><c> vanita</c><00:17:25.520><c> column</c><00:17:25.919><c> designing</c>

00:17:26.390 --> 00:17:26.400 align:start position:0%
student vanita column designing
 

00:17:26.400 --> 00:17:28.549 align:start position:0%
student vanita column designing
controllers<00:17:27.120><c> and</c><00:17:27.439><c> another</c><00:17:27.839><c> student</c>

00:17:28.549 --> 00:17:28.559 align:start position:0%
controllers and another student
 

00:17:28.559 --> 00:17:31.990 align:start position:0%
controllers and another student
john<00:17:28.799><c> swenson</c><00:17:29.919><c> um</c><00:17:30.640><c> and</c><00:17:30.960><c> uh</c><00:17:31.200><c> greg</c><00:17:31.520><c> churchian</c>

00:17:31.990 --> 00:17:32.000 align:start position:0%
john swenson um and uh greg churchian
 

00:17:32.000 --> 00:17:33.590 align:start position:0%
john swenson um and uh greg churchian
and<00:17:32.160><c> his</c><00:17:32.240><c> student</c><00:17:32.480><c> william</c><00:17:32.880><c> park</c><00:17:33.120><c> analyzing</c>

00:17:33.590 --> 00:17:33.600 align:start position:0%
and his student william park analyzing
 

00:17:33.600 --> 00:17:35.510 align:start position:0%
and his student william park analyzing
the<00:17:33.679><c> kinematics</c><00:17:34.400><c> and</c><00:17:34.480><c> then</c><00:17:34.720><c> ken</c><00:17:34.880><c> goldberg</c><00:17:35.440><c> and</c>

00:17:35.510 --> 00:17:35.520 align:start position:0%
the kinematics and then ken goldberg and
 

00:17:35.520 --> 00:17:36.789 align:start position:0%
the kinematics and then ken goldberg and
his<00:17:35.760><c> student</c><00:17:36.000><c> at</c><00:17:36.080><c> the</c><00:17:36.240><c> time</c><00:17:36.480><c> run</c>

00:17:36.789 --> 00:17:36.799 align:start position:0%
his student at the time run
 

00:17:36.799 --> 00:17:39.430 align:start position:0%
his student at the time run
and<00:17:36.960><c> alteravits</c><00:17:38.320><c> uh</c><00:17:38.720><c> doing</c><00:17:38.960><c> the</c><00:17:39.200><c> path</c>

00:17:39.430 --> 00:17:39.440 align:start position:0%
and alteravits uh doing the path
 

00:17:39.440 --> 00:17:40.789 align:start position:0%
and alteravits uh doing the path
planning<00:17:39.760><c> and</c><00:17:39.840><c> then</c><00:17:40.000><c> my</c><00:17:40.160><c> group</c><00:17:40.400><c> doing</c><00:17:40.559><c> the</c>

00:17:40.789 --> 00:17:40.799 align:start position:0%
planning and then my group doing the
 

00:17:40.799 --> 00:17:41.990 align:start position:0%
planning and then my group doing the
mechanics<00:17:41.600><c> uh</c>

00:17:41.990 --> 00:17:42.000 align:start position:0%
mechanics uh
 

00:17:42.000 --> 00:17:45.909 align:start position:0%
mechanics uh
and<00:17:42.160><c> the</c><00:17:42.400><c> sort</c><00:17:42.559><c> of</c><00:17:42.960><c> low-level</c><00:17:43.600><c> robot</c><00:17:44.160><c> design</c>

00:17:45.909 --> 00:17:45.919 align:start position:0%
and the sort of low-level robot design
 

00:17:45.919 --> 00:17:47.830 align:start position:0%
and the sort of low-level robot design
yeah<00:17:46.080><c> it</c><00:17:46.240><c> was</c><00:17:46.480><c> a</c><00:17:46.880><c> very</c><00:17:47.120><c> big</c><00:17:47.280><c> collaborative</c>

00:17:47.830 --> 00:17:47.840 align:start position:0%
yeah it was a very big collaborative
 

00:17:47.840 --> 00:17:49.270 align:start position:0%
yeah it was a very big collaborative
project<00:17:48.160><c> to</c><00:17:48.240><c> be</c><00:17:48.400><c> able</c><00:17:48.480><c> to</c><00:17:48.559><c> get</c><00:17:48.720><c> this</c><00:17:48.880><c> thing</c>

00:17:49.270 --> 00:17:49.280 align:start position:0%
project to be able to get this thing
 

00:17:49.280 --> 00:17:52.150 align:start position:0%
project to be able to get this thing
go<00:17:49.520><c> autonomously</c><00:17:50.799><c> now</c><00:17:51.039><c> i</c><00:17:51.200><c> had</c><00:17:51.440><c> a</c><00:17:51.600><c> very</c><00:17:51.840><c> recent</c>

00:17:52.150 --> 00:17:52.160 align:start position:0%
go autonomously now i had a very recent
 

00:17:52.160 --> 00:17:53.990 align:start position:0%
go autonomously now i had a very recent
phd<00:17:52.559><c> student</c><00:17:52.799><c> who</c><00:17:52.960><c> just</c><00:17:53.200><c> graduated</c><00:17:53.760><c> named</c>

00:17:53.990 --> 00:17:54.000 align:start position:0%
phd student who just graduated named
 

00:17:54.000 --> 00:17:55.750 align:start position:0%
phd student who just graduated named
anne<00:17:54.240><c> maya</c><00:17:54.640><c> vic</c>

00:17:55.750 --> 00:17:55.760 align:start position:0%
anne maya vic
 

00:17:55.760 --> 00:17:58.070 align:start position:0%
anne maya vic
who's<00:17:56.000><c> now</c><00:17:56.240><c> at</c><00:17:56.400><c> ut</c><00:17:56.880><c> dallas</c><00:17:57.280><c> as</c><00:17:57.440><c> a</c><00:17:57.520><c> faculty</c>

00:17:58.070 --> 00:17:58.080 align:start position:0%
who's now at ut dallas as a faculty
 

00:17:58.080 --> 00:17:59.270 align:start position:0%
who's now at ut dallas as a faculty
member

00:17:59.270 --> 00:17:59.280 align:start position:0%
member
 

00:17:59.280 --> 00:18:01.110 align:start position:0%
member
she<00:17:59.600><c> actually</c><00:18:00.320><c> posts</c><00:18:00.640><c> all</c><00:18:00.799><c> of</c><00:18:00.880><c> this</c>

00:18:01.110 --> 00:18:01.120 align:start position:0%
she actually posts all of this
 

00:18:01.120 --> 00:18:03.029 align:start position:0%
she actually posts all of this
autonomous<00:18:02.080><c> stuff</c><00:18:02.400><c> was</c><00:18:02.559><c> actually</c><00:18:02.720><c> trying</c><00:18:02.960><c> to</c>

00:18:03.029 --> 00:18:03.039 align:start position:0%
autonomous stuff was actually trying to
 

00:18:03.039 --> 00:18:06.150 align:start position:0%
autonomous stuff was actually trying to
look<00:18:03.200><c> at</c><00:18:03.360><c> how</c><00:18:03.520><c> does</c><00:18:03.760><c> a</c><00:18:03.840><c> human</c><00:18:04.240><c> operator</c>

00:18:06.150 --> 00:18:06.160 align:start position:0%
look at how does a human operator
 

00:18:06.160 --> 00:18:09.190 align:start position:0%
look at how does a human operator
control<00:18:06.559><c> such</c><00:18:06.799><c> a</c><00:18:06.960><c> robot</c><00:18:08.080><c> and</c><00:18:08.400><c> you</c><00:18:08.559><c> might</c><00:18:08.799><c> think</c>

00:18:09.190 --> 00:18:09.200 align:start position:0%
control such a robot and you might think
 

00:18:09.200 --> 00:18:11.510 align:start position:0%
control such a robot and you might think
tele<00:18:09.520><c> operation</c><00:18:09.919><c> would</c><00:18:10.000><c> be</c><00:18:10.240><c> easier</c><00:18:10.720><c> but</c><00:18:10.960><c> it's</c>

00:18:11.510 --> 00:18:11.520 align:start position:0%
tele operation would be easier but it's
 

00:18:11.520 --> 00:18:14.070 align:start position:0%
tele operation would be easier but it's
it's<00:18:11.760><c> kind</c><00:18:11.919><c> of</c><00:18:12.080><c> like</c><00:18:12.240><c> parallel</c><00:18:12.720><c> parking</c><00:18:13.120><c> a</c><00:18:13.360><c> car</c>

00:18:14.070 --> 00:18:14.080 align:start position:0%
it's kind of like parallel parking a car
 

00:18:14.080 --> 00:18:16.630 align:start position:0%
it's kind of like parallel parking a car
or<00:18:14.480><c> parallel</c><00:18:14.799><c> parking</c><00:18:15.280><c> tractor</c><00:18:15.760><c> trailer</c><00:18:16.240><c> in</c>

00:18:16.630 --> 00:18:16.640 align:start position:0%
or parallel parking tractor trailer in
 

00:18:16.640 --> 00:18:17.830 align:start position:0%
or parallel parking tractor trailer in
3d

00:18:17.830 --> 00:18:17.840 align:start position:0%
3d
 

00:18:17.840 --> 00:18:21.110 align:start position:0%
3d
and<00:18:18.080><c> and</c><00:18:18.320><c> so</c><00:18:18.799><c> uh</c><00:18:19.200><c> you</c><00:18:19.360><c> have</c><00:18:19.520><c> to</c><00:18:19.600><c> have</c><00:18:20.720><c> we</c><00:18:20.880><c> think</c>

00:18:21.110 --> 00:18:21.120 align:start position:0%
and and so uh you have to have we think
 

00:18:21.120 --> 00:18:23.029 align:start position:0%
and and so uh you have to have we think
haptic<00:18:21.520><c> assistance</c><00:18:22.080><c> to</c><00:18:22.160><c> sort</c><00:18:22.320><c> of</c><00:18:22.480><c> help</c><00:18:22.720><c> people</c>

00:18:23.029 --> 00:18:23.039 align:start position:0%
haptic assistance to sort of help people
 

00:18:23.039 --> 00:18:24.710 align:start position:0%
haptic assistance to sort of help people
and<00:18:23.200><c> guide</c><00:18:23.520><c> people</c><00:18:23.919><c> the</c><00:18:24.000><c> right</c><00:18:24.240><c> way</c><00:18:24.400><c> to</c>

00:18:24.710 --> 00:18:24.720 align:start position:0%
and guide people the right way to
 

00:18:24.720 --> 00:18:26.630 align:start position:0%
and guide people the right way to
teleoperate<00:18:25.360><c> the</c><00:18:25.520><c> robot</c><00:18:25.840><c> so</c><00:18:26.000><c> it's</c><00:18:26.160><c> very</c><00:18:26.400><c> hard</c>

00:18:26.630 --> 00:18:26.640 align:start position:0%
teleoperate the robot so it's very hard
 

00:18:26.640 --> 00:18:27.830 align:start position:0%
teleoperate the robot so it's very hard
to<00:18:26.840><c> do</c><00:18:27.520><c> um</c>

00:18:27.830 --> 00:18:27.840 align:start position:0%
to do um
 

00:18:27.840 --> 00:18:29.430 align:start position:0%
to do um
just<00:18:28.320><c> you</c><00:18:28.400><c> know</c><00:18:28.559><c> a</c><00:18:28.640><c> human</c><00:18:28.960><c> doing</c><00:18:29.120><c> it</c><00:18:29.200><c> with</c><00:18:29.360><c> our</c>

00:18:29.430 --> 00:18:29.440 align:start position:0%
just you know a human doing it with our
 

00:18:29.440 --> 00:18:31.750 align:start position:0%
just you know a human doing it with our
own<00:18:29.600><c> hand</c><00:18:30.640><c> and</c><00:18:30.799><c> what</c><00:18:30.960><c> are</c><00:18:31.039><c> the</c><00:18:31.120><c> big</c><00:18:31.280><c> challenges</c>

00:18:31.750 --> 00:18:31.760 align:start position:0%
own hand and what are the big challenges
 

00:18:31.760 --> 00:18:33.750 align:start position:0%
own hand and what are the big challenges
of<00:18:31.840><c> getting</c><00:18:32.080><c> a</c><00:18:32.240><c> mechanism</c><00:18:32.799><c> like</c><00:18:33.039><c> that</c>

00:18:33.750 --> 00:18:33.760 align:start position:0%
of getting a mechanism like that
 

00:18:33.760 --> 00:18:36.789 align:start position:0%
of getting a mechanism like that
other<00:18:34.080><c> kind</c><00:18:34.240><c> of</c><00:18:34.320><c> dexterity</c><00:18:35.120><c> yeah</c><00:18:35.679><c> so</c><00:18:36.240><c> i</c><00:18:36.400><c> think</c>

00:18:36.789 --> 00:18:36.799 align:start position:0%
other kind of dexterity yeah so i think
 

00:18:36.799 --> 00:18:38.470 align:start position:0%
other kind of dexterity yeah so i think
the<00:18:36.960><c> challenge</c><00:18:37.440><c> fundamentally</c><00:18:38.080><c> was</c><00:18:38.240><c> like</c>

00:18:38.470 --> 00:18:38.480 align:start position:0%
the challenge fundamentally was like
 

00:18:38.480 --> 00:18:40.390 align:start position:0%
the challenge fundamentally was like
actually<00:18:38.799><c> the</c><00:18:39.120><c> the</c><00:18:39.520><c> insight</c><00:18:39.919><c> is</c><00:18:40.000><c> to</c><00:18:40.160><c> get</c>

00:18:40.390 --> 00:18:40.400 align:start position:0%
actually the the insight is to get
 

00:18:40.400 --> 00:18:41.029 align:start position:0%
actually the the insight is to get
beyond

00:18:41.029 --> 00:18:41.039 align:start position:0%
beyond
 

00:18:41.039 --> 00:18:42.789 align:start position:0%
beyond
having<00:18:41.440><c> like</c><00:18:41.600><c> a</c><00:18:41.679><c> bunch</c><00:18:42.000><c> of</c><00:18:42.080><c> little</c><00:18:42.320><c> linkages</c>

00:18:42.789 --> 00:18:42.799 align:start position:0%
having like a bunch of little linkages
 

00:18:42.799 --> 00:18:44.549 align:start position:0%
having like a bunch of little linkages
with<00:18:42.960><c> motors</c><00:18:43.440><c> on</c><00:18:43.520><c> them</c><00:18:43.679><c> that</c><00:18:43.840><c> had</c><00:18:44.000><c> to</c><00:18:44.160><c> all</c><00:18:44.320><c> go</c>

00:18:44.549 --> 00:18:44.559 align:start position:0%
with motors on them that had to all go
 

00:18:44.559 --> 00:18:46.390 align:start position:0%
with motors on them that had to all go
inside<00:18:44.880><c> the</c><00:18:45.039><c> body</c><00:18:45.440><c> because</c><00:18:45.600><c> that</c><00:18:45.760><c> just</c><00:18:46.000><c> wasn't</c>

00:18:46.390 --> 00:18:46.400 align:start position:0%
inside the body because that just wasn't
 

00:18:46.400 --> 00:18:48.070 align:start position:0%
inside the body because that just wasn't
practical

00:18:48.070 --> 00:18:48.080 align:start position:0%
practical
 

00:18:48.080 --> 00:18:50.950 align:start position:0%
practical
was<00:18:48.400><c> to</c><00:18:48.640><c> understand</c><00:18:49.919><c> and</c><00:18:50.320><c> analyze</c><00:18:50.799><c> the</c>

00:18:50.950 --> 00:18:50.960 align:start position:0%
was to understand and analyze the
 

00:18:50.960 --> 00:18:52.150 align:start position:0%
was to understand and analyze the
kinematics

00:18:52.150 --> 00:18:52.160 align:start position:0%
kinematics
 

00:18:52.160 --> 00:18:54.549 align:start position:0%
kinematics
of<00:18:52.559><c> such</c><00:18:52.799><c> a</c><00:18:52.960><c> robot</c><00:18:53.440><c> so</c><00:18:53.760><c> basically</c><00:18:54.160><c> we</c><00:18:54.240><c> just</c><00:18:54.320><c> had</c>

00:18:54.549 --> 00:18:54.559 align:start position:0%
of such a robot so basically we just had
 

00:18:54.559 --> 00:18:55.350 align:start position:0%
of such a robot so basically we just had
one<00:18:54.799><c> motor</c>

00:18:55.350 --> 00:18:55.360 align:start position:0%
one motor
 

00:18:55.360 --> 00:18:57.110 align:start position:0%
one motor
dropped<00:18:55.600><c> one</c><00:18:55.760><c> motor</c><00:18:56.080><c> to</c><00:18:56.240><c> insert</c><00:18:56.480><c> one</c><00:18:56.720><c> motor</c><00:18:56.960><c> to</c>

00:18:57.110 --> 00:18:57.120 align:start position:0%
dropped one motor to insert one motor to
 

00:18:57.120 --> 00:18:59.510 align:start position:0%
dropped one motor to insert one motor to
spin<00:18:57.600><c> outside</c><00:18:58.080><c> the</c><00:18:58.160><c> body</c>

00:18:59.510 --> 00:18:59.520 align:start position:0%
spin outside the body
 

00:18:59.520 --> 00:19:02.230 align:start position:0%
spin outside the body
and<00:18:59.760><c> a</c><00:18:59.919><c> very</c><00:19:00.240><c> very</c><00:19:00.559><c> flexible</c><00:19:01.280><c> needle</c><00:19:01.840><c> with</c><00:19:02.080><c> an</c>

00:19:02.230 --> 00:19:02.240 align:start position:0%
and a very very flexible needle with an
 

00:19:02.240 --> 00:19:03.190 align:start position:0%
and a very very flexible needle with an
asymmetric

00:19:03.190 --> 00:19:03.200 align:start position:0%
asymmetric
 

00:19:03.200 --> 00:19:05.830 align:start position:0%
asymmetric
tip<00:19:03.919><c> so</c><00:19:04.640><c> i</c><00:19:04.720><c> think</c><00:19:05.039><c> the</c><00:19:05.120><c> big</c><00:19:05.280><c> thing</c><00:19:05.440><c> was</c><00:19:05.600><c> the</c>

00:19:05.830 --> 00:19:05.840 align:start position:0%
tip so i think the big thing was the
 

00:19:05.840 --> 00:19:07.190 align:start position:0%
tip so i think the big thing was the
insight<00:19:06.240><c> that</c><00:19:06.320><c> you</c><00:19:06.400><c> could</c><00:19:06.640><c> actually</c><00:19:06.880><c> steer</c>

00:19:07.190 --> 00:19:07.200 align:start position:0%
insight that you could actually steer
 

00:19:07.200 --> 00:19:08.390 align:start position:0%
insight that you could actually steer
needles<00:19:07.600><c> that</c><00:19:07.840><c> way</c>

00:19:08.390 --> 00:19:08.400 align:start position:0%
needles that way
 

00:19:08.400 --> 00:19:10.630 align:start position:0%
needles that way
but<00:19:08.640><c> then</c><00:19:09.039><c> understanding</c><00:19:09.760><c> the</c><00:19:09.919><c> kinematics</c>

00:19:10.630 --> 00:19:10.640 align:start position:0%
but then understanding the kinematics
 

00:19:10.640 --> 00:19:11.830 align:start position:0%
but then understanding the kinematics
and<00:19:10.799><c> predicting</c><00:19:11.280><c> how</c>

00:19:11.830 --> 00:19:11.840 align:start position:0%
and predicting how
 

00:19:11.840 --> 00:19:13.510 align:start position:0%
and predicting how
the<00:19:12.000><c> needle</c><00:19:12.240><c> would</c><00:19:12.400><c> interact</c><00:19:12.799><c> with</c><00:19:12.960><c> tissue</c><00:19:13.360><c> so</c>

00:19:13.510 --> 00:19:13.520 align:start position:0%
the needle would interact with tissue so
 

00:19:13.520 --> 00:19:15.029 align:start position:0%
the needle would interact with tissue so
you<00:19:13.600><c> could</c><00:19:13.679><c> get</c><00:19:13.840><c> it</c><00:19:13.919><c> to</c><00:19:14.080><c> a</c><00:19:14.240><c> target</c>

00:19:15.029 --> 00:19:15.039 align:start position:0%
you could get it to a target
 

00:19:15.039 --> 00:19:18.230 align:start position:0%
you could get it to a target
integrating<00:19:15.600><c> medical</c><00:19:16.080><c> imaging</c><00:19:17.120><c> um</c><00:19:17.760><c> so</c><00:19:18.080><c> my</c>

00:19:18.230 --> 00:19:18.240 align:start position:0%
integrating medical imaging um so my
 

00:19:18.240 --> 00:19:19.990 align:start position:0%
integrating medical imaging um so my
student<00:19:18.480><c> troy</c><00:19:18.799><c> adebar</c><00:19:19.200><c> is</c><00:19:19.280><c> working</c><00:19:19.600><c> on</c><00:19:19.760><c> now</c>

00:19:19.990 --> 00:19:20.000 align:start position:0%
student troy adebar is working on now
 

00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:21.270 align:start position:0%
student troy adebar is working on now
how<00:19:20.160><c> do</c><00:19:20.240><c> you</c><00:19:20.400><c> actually</c>

00:19:21.270 --> 00:19:21.280 align:start position:0%
how do you actually
 

00:19:21.280 --> 00:19:23.110 align:start position:0%
how do you actually
you<00:19:21.440><c> know</c><00:19:21.679><c> get</c><00:19:21.840><c> an</c><00:19:22.080><c> ultrasound</c><00:19:22.640><c> image</c><00:19:22.960><c> and</c>

00:19:23.110 --> 00:19:23.120 align:start position:0%
you know get an ultrasound image and
 

00:19:23.120 --> 00:19:24.390 align:start position:0%
you know get an ultrasound image and
find<00:19:23.360><c> the</c><00:19:23.440><c> needle</c><00:19:23.760><c> in</c><00:19:23.840><c> it</c><00:19:23.919><c> and</c><00:19:24.080><c> wrap</c><00:19:24.320><c> a</c>

00:19:24.390 --> 00:19:24.400 align:start position:0%
find the needle in it and wrap a
 

00:19:24.400 --> 00:19:25.510 align:start position:0%
find the needle in it and wrap a
controller<00:19:24.880><c> around</c>

00:19:25.510 --> 00:19:25.520 align:start position:0%
controller around
 

00:19:25.520 --> 00:19:28.549 align:start position:0%
controller around
the<00:19:25.760><c> medical</c><00:19:26.240><c> image</c><00:19:26.480><c> which</c><00:19:27.120><c> um</c><00:19:27.840><c> it</c><00:19:28.160><c> doesn't</c>

00:19:28.549 --> 00:19:28.559 align:start position:0%
the medical image which um it doesn't
 

00:19:28.559 --> 00:19:30.630 align:start position:0%
the medical image which um it doesn't
come<00:19:28.799><c> at</c><00:19:28.880><c> the</c><00:19:29.039><c> same</c><00:19:29.360><c> rate</c><00:19:29.760><c> as</c><00:19:30.000><c> we're</c><00:19:30.160><c> typically</c>

00:19:30.630 --> 00:19:30.640 align:start position:0%
come at the same rate as we're typically
 

00:19:30.640 --> 00:19:32.789 align:start position:0%
come at the same rate as we're typically
used<00:19:30.880><c> to</c><00:19:30.960><c> using</c><00:19:31.360><c> with</c><00:19:31.520><c> with</c><00:19:31.840><c> cameras</c>

00:19:32.789 --> 00:19:32.799 align:start position:0%
used to using with with cameras
 

00:19:32.799 --> 00:19:35.270 align:start position:0%
used to using with with cameras
and<00:19:33.039><c> such</c><00:19:33.840><c> so</c><00:19:34.240><c> has</c><00:19:34.400><c> this</c><00:19:34.559><c> technology</c><00:19:35.120><c> been</c>

00:19:35.270 --> 00:19:35.280 align:start position:0%
and such so has this technology been
 

00:19:35.280 --> 00:19:36.470 align:start position:0%
and such so has this technology been
used<00:19:35.520><c> clinically</c>

00:19:36.470 --> 00:19:36.480 align:start position:0%
used clinically
 

00:19:36.480 --> 00:19:39.430 align:start position:0%
used clinically
yeah<00:19:36.799><c> so</c><00:19:37.280><c> it</c><00:19:37.440><c> has</c><00:19:37.679><c> not</c><00:19:38.080><c> been</c><00:19:38.320><c> used</c><00:19:38.720><c> in</c><00:19:39.120><c> in</c>

00:19:39.430 --> 00:19:39.440 align:start position:0%
yeah so it has not been used in in
 

00:19:39.440 --> 00:19:41.029 align:start position:0%
yeah so it has not been used in in
humans<00:19:40.000><c> yet</c><00:19:40.320><c> you</c><00:19:40.400><c> know</c><00:19:40.640><c> as</c>

00:19:41.029 --> 00:19:41.039 align:start position:0%
humans yet you know as
 

00:19:41.039 --> 00:19:44.230 align:start position:0%
humans yet you know as
a<00:19:41.360><c> robot</c><00:19:42.320><c> but</c><00:19:42.640><c> uh</c><00:19:43.440><c> we've</c><00:19:43.600><c> done</c><00:19:43.840><c> we've</c><00:19:44.000><c> done</c>

00:19:44.230 --> 00:19:44.240 align:start position:0%
a robot but uh we've done we've done
 

00:19:44.240 --> 00:19:45.750 align:start position:0%
a robot but uh we've done we've done
animal<00:19:44.640><c> studies</c>

00:19:45.750 --> 00:19:45.760 align:start position:0%
animal studies
 

00:19:45.760 --> 00:19:49.190 align:start position:0%
animal studies
with<00:19:46.000><c> it</c><00:19:46.640><c> great</c><00:19:47.039><c> and</c><00:19:47.679><c> any</c><00:19:48.640><c> have</c><00:19:48.799><c> you</c><00:19:48.960><c> worked</c>

00:19:49.190 --> 00:19:49.200 align:start position:0%
with it great and any have you worked
 

00:19:49.200 --> 00:19:50.710 align:start position:0%
with it great and any have you worked
with<00:19:49.360><c> startups</c><00:19:49.760><c> or</c><00:19:49.840><c> do</c><00:19:49.919><c> you</c><00:19:50.000><c> have</c><00:19:50.080><c> plans</c><00:19:50.480><c> to</c>

00:19:50.710 --> 00:19:50.720 align:start position:0%
with startups or do you have plans to
 

00:19:50.720 --> 00:19:52.310 align:start position:0%
with startups or do you have plans to
get<00:19:50.960><c> started</c><00:19:51.679><c> um</c>

00:19:52.310 --> 00:19:52.320 align:start position:0%
get started um
 

00:19:52.320 --> 00:19:55.190 align:start position:0%
get started um
so<00:19:52.799><c> i</c><00:19:53.120><c> have</c><00:19:53.440><c> no</c><00:19:53.760><c> current</c><00:19:54.160><c> plans</c><00:19:54.720><c> to</c><00:19:54.880><c> do</c><00:19:55.039><c> a</c>

00:19:55.190 --> 00:19:55.200 align:start position:0%
so i have no current plans to do a
 

00:19:55.200 --> 00:19:55.830 align:start position:0%
so i have no current plans to do a
startup

00:19:55.830 --> 00:19:55.840 align:start position:0%
startup
 

00:19:55.840 --> 00:19:58.950 align:start position:0%
startup
uh<00:19:56.240><c> we</c><00:19:56.480><c> haven't</c><00:19:57.520><c> spun</c><00:19:58.000><c> off</c><00:19:58.320><c> anything</c>

00:19:58.950 --> 00:19:58.960 align:start position:0%
uh we haven't spun off anything
 

00:19:58.960 --> 00:20:01.990 align:start position:0%
uh we haven't spun off anything
out<00:19:59.120><c> of</c><00:19:59.280><c> our</c><00:19:59.520><c> lab</c><00:20:01.039><c> there's</c><00:20:01.520><c> uh</c>

00:20:01.990 --> 00:20:02.000 align:start position:0%
out of our lab there's uh
 

00:20:02.000 --> 00:20:03.590 align:start position:0%
out of our lab there's uh
there's<00:20:02.240><c> definitely</c><00:20:02.480><c> been</c><00:20:02.720><c> interest</c><00:20:03.360><c> at</c>

00:20:03.590 --> 00:20:03.600 align:start position:0%
there's definitely been interest at
 

00:20:03.600 --> 00:20:05.510 align:start position:0%
there's definitely been interest at
times<00:20:04.400><c> but</c>

00:20:05.510 --> 00:20:05.520 align:start position:0%
times but
 

00:20:05.520 --> 00:20:08.230 align:start position:0%
times but
we<00:20:06.000><c> i</c><00:20:06.320><c> guess</c><00:20:06.640><c> especially</c><00:20:07.039><c> with</c><00:20:07.520><c> sort</c><00:20:07.760><c> of</c><00:20:07.919><c> more</c>

00:20:08.230 --> 00:20:08.240 align:start position:0%
we i guess especially with sort of more
 

00:20:08.240 --> 00:20:10.149 align:start position:0%
we i guess especially with sort of more
clinical<00:20:08.880><c> with</c><00:20:09.120><c> medical</c><00:20:09.520><c> robotics</c><00:20:10.080><c> and</c>

00:20:10.149 --> 00:20:10.159 align:start position:0%
clinical with medical robotics and
 

00:20:10.159 --> 00:20:11.750 align:start position:0%
clinical with medical robotics and
medical<00:20:10.559><c> applications</c>

00:20:11.750 --> 00:20:11.760 align:start position:0%
medical applications
 

00:20:11.760 --> 00:20:13.590 align:start position:0%
medical applications
the<00:20:12.000><c> path</c><00:20:12.320><c> to</c><00:20:12.400><c> get</c><00:20:12.640><c> something</c><00:20:13.039><c> applied</c>

00:20:13.590 --> 00:20:13.600 align:start position:0%
the path to get something applied
 

00:20:13.600 --> 00:20:14.870 align:start position:0%
the path to get something applied
clinically<00:20:14.559><c> is</c>

00:20:14.870 --> 00:20:14.880 align:start position:0%
clinically is
 

00:20:14.880 --> 00:20:18.149 align:start position:0%
clinically is
is<00:20:15.600><c> huge</c><00:20:16.640><c> and</c><00:20:17.520><c> so</c><00:20:17.840><c> we</c>

00:20:18.149 --> 00:20:18.159 align:start position:0%
is huge and so we
 

00:20:18.159 --> 00:20:20.310 align:start position:0%
is huge and so we
prefer<00:20:18.720><c> to</c><00:20:18.880><c> do</c><00:20:19.039><c> the</c><00:20:19.200><c> initial</c><00:20:19.520><c> research</c><00:20:20.000><c> start</c>

00:20:20.310 --> 00:20:20.320 align:start position:0%
prefer to do the initial research start
 

00:20:20.320 --> 00:20:21.669 align:start position:0%
prefer to do the initial research start
off<00:20:20.480><c> in</c><00:20:20.559><c> new</c><00:20:20.799><c> areas</c>

00:20:21.669 --> 00:20:21.679 align:start position:0%
off in new areas
 

00:20:21.679 --> 00:20:24.390 align:start position:0%
off in new areas
patent<00:20:22.080><c> it</c><00:20:22.559><c> and</c><00:20:23.360><c> get</c><00:20:23.760><c> other</c><00:20:23.919><c> folks</c><00:20:24.240><c> who</c><00:20:24.320><c> are</c>

00:20:24.390 --> 00:20:24.400 align:start position:0%
patent it and get other folks who are
 

00:20:24.400 --> 00:20:26.070 align:start position:0%
patent it and get other folks who are
more<00:20:24.559><c> clinical</c><00:20:25.039><c> engineers</c>

00:20:26.070 --> 00:20:26.080 align:start position:0%
more clinical engineers
 

00:20:26.080 --> 00:20:28.870 align:start position:0%
more clinical engineers
uh<00:20:26.480><c> to</c><00:20:26.960><c> bring</c><00:20:27.200><c> it</c><00:20:27.280><c> into</c><00:20:27.440><c> the</c><00:20:27.520><c> medical</c><00:20:27.919><c> domain</c>

00:20:28.870 --> 00:20:28.880 align:start position:0%
uh to bring it into the medical domain
 

00:20:28.880 --> 00:20:29.190 align:start position:0%
uh to bring it into the medical domain
but

00:20:29.190 --> 00:20:29.200 align:start position:0%
but
 

00:20:29.200 --> 00:20:31.590 align:start position:0%
but
uh<00:20:29.440><c> but</c><00:20:29.600><c> that</c><00:20:29.760><c> said</c><00:20:30.000><c> none</c><00:20:30.240><c> of</c><00:20:30.320><c> this</c><00:20:30.799><c> has</c><00:20:31.200><c> gotten</c>

00:20:31.590 --> 00:20:31.600 align:start position:0%
uh but that said none of this has gotten
 

00:20:31.600 --> 00:20:34.149 align:start position:0%
uh but that said none of this has gotten
you<00:20:31.760><c> know</c><00:20:32.000><c> to</c><00:20:32.400><c> use</c><00:20:32.720><c> in</c><00:20:33.120><c> patients</c><00:20:33.600><c> yet</c><00:20:33.840><c> human</c>

00:20:34.149 --> 00:20:34.159 align:start position:0%
you know to use in patients yet human
 

00:20:34.159 --> 00:20:35.029 align:start position:0%
you know to use in patients yet human
patients

00:20:35.029 --> 00:20:35.039 align:start position:0%
patients
 

00:20:35.039 --> 00:20:36.230 align:start position:0%
patients
i<00:20:35.200><c> think</c><00:20:35.360><c> you</c><00:20:35.520><c> worked</c><00:20:35.679><c> with</c><00:20:35.840><c> any</c><00:20:36.000><c> other</c>

00:20:36.230 --> 00:20:36.240 align:start position:0%
i think you worked with any other
 

00:20:36.240 --> 00:20:38.710 align:start position:0%
i think you worked with any other
companies<00:20:36.799><c> or</c><00:20:36.880><c> medical</c><00:20:37.600><c> developers</c>

00:20:38.710 --> 00:20:38.720 align:start position:0%
companies or medical developers
 

00:20:38.720 --> 00:20:42.230 align:start position:0%
companies or medical developers
um<00:20:41.120><c> we've</c><00:20:41.679><c> uh</c>

00:20:42.230 --> 00:20:42.240 align:start position:0%
um we've uh
 

00:20:42.240 --> 00:20:43.909 align:start position:0%
um we've uh
worked<00:20:42.640><c> a</c><00:20:42.720><c> little</c><00:20:42.960><c> bit</c><00:20:43.280><c> with</c><00:20:43.440><c> a</c><00:20:43.520><c> company</c>

00:20:43.909 --> 00:20:43.919 align:start position:0%
worked a little bit with a company
 

00:20:43.919 --> 00:20:46.710 align:start position:0%
worked a little bit with a company
called<00:20:44.159><c> burdette</c><00:20:44.720><c> medical</c><00:20:45.200><c> systems</c><00:20:45.840><c> which</c>

00:20:46.710 --> 00:20:46.720 align:start position:0%
called burdette medical systems which
 

00:20:46.720 --> 00:20:49.190 align:start position:0%
called burdette medical systems which
makes<00:20:47.200><c> interventional</c><00:20:47.840><c> devices</c><00:20:48.400><c> like</c><00:20:48.880><c> like</c>

00:20:49.190 --> 00:20:49.200 align:start position:0%
makes interventional devices like like
 

00:20:49.200 --> 00:20:50.070 align:start position:0%
makes interventional devices like like
needles

00:20:50.070 --> 00:20:50.080 align:start position:0%
needles
 

00:20:50.080 --> 00:20:52.549 align:start position:0%
needles
um<00:20:50.799><c> although</c><00:20:51.120><c> mostly</c><00:20:51.520><c> my</c><00:20:51.679><c> my</c><00:20:51.840><c> former</c><00:20:52.159><c> graduate</c>

00:20:52.549 --> 00:20:52.559 align:start position:0%
um although mostly my my former graduate
 

00:20:52.559 --> 00:20:53.430 align:start position:0%
um although mostly my my former graduate
bob<00:20:52.799><c> webster</c>

00:20:53.430 --> 00:20:53.440 align:start position:0%
bob webster
 

00:20:53.440 --> 00:20:55.909 align:start position:0%
bob webster
robert<00:20:53.679><c> webster</c><00:20:54.559><c> vanderbilt</c><00:20:55.440><c> has</c><00:20:55.600><c> worked</c>

00:20:55.909 --> 00:20:55.919 align:start position:0%
robert webster vanderbilt has worked
 

00:20:55.919 --> 00:20:57.110 align:start position:0%
robert webster vanderbilt has worked
more<00:20:56.080><c> closely</c>

00:20:57.110 --> 00:20:57.120 align:start position:0%
more closely
 

00:20:57.120 --> 00:20:59.590 align:start position:0%
more closely
with<00:20:57.280><c> more</c><00:20:57.440><c> closely</c><00:20:57.840><c> with</c><00:20:58.000><c> them</c><00:20:58.240><c> to</c><00:20:59.039><c> um</c><00:20:59.360><c> and</c>

00:20:59.590 --> 00:20:59.600 align:start position:0%
with more closely with them to um and
 

00:20:59.600 --> 00:21:01.350 align:start position:0%
with more closely with them to um and
they<00:20:59.919><c> are</c><00:21:00.080><c> probably</c><00:21:00.400><c> the</c><00:21:00.559><c> closest</c><00:21:01.039><c> to</c>

00:21:01.350 --> 00:21:01.360 align:start position:0%
they are probably the closest to
 

00:21:01.360 --> 00:21:04.470 align:start position:0%
they are probably the closest to
commercializing<00:21:02.559><c> steerable</c><00:21:03.039><c> needle</c><00:21:03.440><c> related</c>

00:21:04.470 --> 00:21:04.480 align:start position:0%
commercializing steerable needle related
 

00:21:04.480 --> 00:21:07.350 align:start position:0%
commercializing steerable needle related
related<00:21:04.880><c> stuff</c><00:21:05.919><c> so</c><00:21:06.480><c> other</c><00:21:06.960><c> multiple</c>

00:21:07.350 --> 00:21:07.360 align:start position:0%
related stuff so other multiple
 

00:21:07.360 --> 00:21:09.110 align:start position:0%
related stuff so other multiple
companies<00:21:07.919><c> have</c>

00:21:09.110 --> 00:21:09.120 align:start position:0%
companies have
 

00:21:09.120 --> 00:21:11.669 align:start position:0%
companies have
licensed<00:21:09.520><c> the</c><00:21:09.679><c> patents</c><00:21:10.080><c> to</c><00:21:10.320><c> it</c><00:21:11.039><c> but</c><00:21:11.280><c> as</c><00:21:11.360><c> far</c><00:21:11.520><c> as</c>

00:21:11.669 --> 00:21:11.679 align:start position:0%
licensed the patents to it but as far as
 

00:21:11.679 --> 00:21:12.230 align:start position:0%
licensed the patents to it but as far as
we're<00:21:11.760><c> aware</c>

00:21:12.230 --> 00:21:12.240 align:start position:0%
we're aware
 

00:21:12.240 --> 00:21:15.669 align:start position:0%
we're aware
yeah<00:21:12.880><c> no</c><00:21:13.039><c> one's</c><00:21:13.440><c> uh</c><00:21:13.679><c> used</c><00:21:13.919><c> it</c><00:21:14.000><c> in</c><00:21:14.080><c> humans</c><00:21:14.480><c> yet</c>

00:21:15.669 --> 00:21:15.679 align:start position:0%
yeah no one's uh used it in humans yet
 

00:21:15.679 --> 00:21:17.350 align:start position:0%
yeah no one's uh used it in humans yet
and<00:21:15.760><c> where</c><00:21:16.080><c> have</c><00:21:16.159><c> you</c><00:21:16.320><c> gotten</c><00:21:16.720><c> funding</c>

00:21:17.350 --> 00:21:17.360 align:start position:0%
and where have you gotten funding
 

00:21:17.360 --> 00:21:19.190 align:start position:0%
and where have you gotten funding
primarily

00:21:19.190 --> 00:21:19.200 align:start position:0%
primarily
 

00:21:19.200 --> 00:21:21.110 align:start position:0%
primarily
national<00:21:19.600><c> science</c><00:21:19.919><c> foundation</c><00:21:20.640><c> and</c><00:21:20.720><c> national</c>

00:21:21.110 --> 00:21:21.120 align:start position:0%
national science foundation and national
 

00:21:21.120 --> 00:21:22.950 align:start position:0%
national science foundation and national
institutes<00:21:21.600><c> of</c><00:21:21.679><c> health</c>

00:21:22.950 --> 00:21:22.960 align:start position:0%
institutes of health
 

00:21:22.960 --> 00:21:26.789 align:start position:0%
institutes of health
have<00:21:23.120><c> been</c><00:21:23.360><c> our</c><00:21:23.600><c> primary</c><00:21:24.159><c> funding</c><00:21:25.600><c> a</c><00:21:26.559><c> little</c>

00:21:26.789 --> 00:21:26.799 align:start position:0%
have been our primary funding a little
 

00:21:26.799 --> 00:21:28.549 align:start position:0%
have been our primary funding a little
bit<00:21:27.039><c> here</c><00:21:27.200><c> and</c><00:21:27.280><c> there</c><00:21:27.600><c> from</c><00:21:27.840><c> dod</c>

00:21:28.549 --> 00:21:28.559 align:start position:0%
bit here and there from dod
 

00:21:28.559 --> 00:21:32.310 align:start position:0%
bit here and there from dod
primarily<00:21:29.200><c> through</c><00:21:29.679><c> sbirs</c><00:21:30.480><c> and</c><00:21:30.640><c> sttrs</c>

00:21:32.310 --> 00:21:32.320 align:start position:0%
primarily through sbirs and sttrs
 

00:21:32.320 --> 00:21:36.789 align:start position:0%
primarily through sbirs and sttrs
and<00:21:33.520><c> more</c><00:21:33.679><c> recently</c><00:21:34.159><c> some</c><00:21:34.400><c> from</c><00:21:34.640><c> from</c><00:21:34.960><c> darpa</c>

00:21:36.789 --> 00:21:36.799 align:start position:0%
and more recently some from from darpa
 

00:21:36.799 --> 00:21:38.630 align:start position:0%
and more recently some from from darpa
very<00:21:37.120><c> little</c><00:21:37.440><c> direct</c><00:21:37.840><c> from</c><00:21:38.000><c> companies</c>

00:21:38.630 --> 00:21:38.640 align:start position:0%
very little direct from companies
 

00:21:38.640 --> 00:21:40.230 align:start position:0%
very little direct from companies
although<00:21:39.039><c> i've</c><00:21:39.200><c> had</c><00:21:39.360><c> a</c><00:21:39.760><c> small</c>

00:21:40.230 --> 00:21:40.240 align:start position:0%
although i've had a small
 

00:21:40.240 --> 00:21:42.870 align:start position:0%
although i've had a small
tiny<00:21:40.559><c> grant</c><00:21:41.039><c> from</c><00:21:41.280><c> intuitive</c><00:21:41.679><c> surgical</c><00:21:42.559><c> i've</c>

00:21:42.870 --> 00:21:42.880 align:start position:0%
tiny grant from intuitive surgical i've
 

00:21:42.880 --> 00:21:43.350 align:start position:0%
tiny grant from intuitive surgical i've
actually

00:21:43.350 --> 00:21:43.360 align:start position:0%
actually
 

00:21:43.360 --> 00:21:45.029 align:start position:0%
actually
sent<00:21:43.520><c> more</c><00:21:43.760><c> money</c><00:21:43.919><c> to</c><00:21:44.080><c> intuitive</c><00:21:44.400><c> surgical</c><00:21:44.880><c> by</c>

00:21:45.029 --> 00:21:45.039 align:start position:0%
sent more money to intuitive surgical by
 

00:21:45.039 --> 00:21:46.630 align:start position:0%
sent more money to intuitive surgical by
having<00:21:45.200><c> them</c><00:21:45.440><c> as</c><00:21:45.520><c> a</c><00:21:45.600><c> subcontractor</c><00:21:46.320><c> on</c><00:21:46.400><c> my</c>

00:21:46.630 --> 00:21:46.640 align:start position:0%
having them as a subcontractor on my
 

00:21:46.640 --> 00:21:47.510 align:start position:0%
having them as a subcontractor on my
grant

00:21:47.510 --> 00:21:47.520 align:start position:0%
grant
 

00:21:47.520 --> 00:21:51.350 align:start position:0%
grant
than<00:21:47.919><c> the</c><00:21:48.080><c> other</c><00:21:48.240><c> way</c><00:21:48.400><c> around</c><00:21:50.000><c> yeah</c>

00:21:51.350 --> 00:21:51.360 align:start position:0%
than the other way around yeah
 

00:21:51.360 --> 00:21:53.430 align:start position:0%
than the other way around yeah
and<00:21:51.520><c> how</c><00:21:51.679><c> did</c><00:21:51.760><c> you</c><00:21:52.000><c> end</c><00:21:52.159><c> up</c><00:21:52.240><c> back</c><00:21:52.480><c> at</c><00:21:52.640><c> stanford</c>

00:21:53.430 --> 00:21:53.440 align:start position:0%
and how did you end up back at stanford
 

00:21:53.440 --> 00:21:55.270 align:start position:0%
and how did you end up back at stanford
ah<00:21:54.240><c> yeah</c><00:21:54.559><c> so</c>

00:21:55.270 --> 00:21:55.280 align:start position:0%
ah yeah so
 

00:21:55.280 --> 00:21:58.870 align:start position:0%
ah yeah so
i<00:21:55.440><c> was</c><00:21:55.840><c> at</c><00:21:56.000><c> hopkins</c><00:21:56.480><c> for</c><00:21:56.799><c> 11</c><00:21:57.280><c> years</c>

00:21:58.870 --> 00:21:58.880 align:start position:0%
i was at hopkins for 11 years
 

00:21:58.880 --> 00:22:02.390 align:start position:0%
i was at hopkins for 11 years
and<00:22:00.880><c> well</c><00:22:01.120><c> i</c><00:22:01.200><c> guess</c><00:22:01.440><c> the</c><00:22:01.600><c> fundamentally</c><00:22:02.240><c> the</c>

00:22:02.390 --> 00:22:02.400 align:start position:0%
and well i guess the fundamentally the
 

00:22:02.400 --> 00:22:03.990 align:start position:0%
and well i guess the fundamentally the
reason<00:22:02.720><c> is</c><00:22:02.799><c> my</c><00:22:02.960><c> husband</c><00:22:03.280><c> was</c><00:22:03.440><c> also</c><00:22:03.600><c> professor</c>

00:22:03.990 --> 00:22:04.000 align:start position:0%
reason is my husband was also professor
 

00:22:04.000 --> 00:22:06.149 align:start position:0%
reason is my husband was also professor
johns<00:22:04.240><c> hopkins</c><00:22:04.640><c> and</c><00:22:04.720><c> he</c><00:22:04.799><c> didn't</c><00:22:05.039><c> get</c><00:22:05.200><c> tenure</c>

00:22:06.149 --> 00:22:06.159 align:start position:0%
johns hopkins and he didn't get tenure
 

00:22:06.159 --> 00:22:08.950 align:start position:0%
johns hopkins and he didn't get tenure
and<00:22:06.960><c> since</c><00:22:07.679><c> i</c><00:22:07.840><c> was</c><00:22:08.000><c> from</c><00:22:08.159><c> california</c><00:22:08.799><c> his</c>

00:22:08.950 --> 00:22:08.960 align:start position:0%
and since i was from california his
 

00:22:08.960 --> 00:22:11.190 align:start position:0%
and since i was from california his
family<00:22:09.280><c> was</c><00:22:09.440><c> originally</c><00:22:10.000><c> in</c><00:22:10.159><c> california</c><00:22:10.880><c> we</c>

00:22:11.190 --> 00:22:11.200 align:start position:0%
family was originally in california we
 

00:22:11.200 --> 00:22:12.950 align:start position:0%
family was originally in california we
yeah<00:22:11.440><c> had</c><00:22:11.679><c> the</c><00:22:11.840><c> chance</c><00:22:12.240><c> to</c><00:22:12.720><c> move</c>

00:22:12.950 --> 00:22:12.960 align:start position:0%
yeah had the chance to move
 

00:22:12.960 --> 00:22:14.470 align:start position:0%
yeah had the chance to move
cross-country<00:22:13.520><c> being</c><00:22:13.760><c> your</c><00:22:13.919><c> family</c><00:22:14.240><c> was</c><00:22:14.400><c> it</c>

00:22:14.470 --> 00:22:14.480 align:start position:0%
cross-country being your family was it
 

00:22:14.480 --> 00:22:16.630 align:start position:0%
cross-country being your family was it
was<00:22:14.640><c> a</c><00:22:14.799><c> huge</c><00:22:15.120><c> a</c><00:22:15.280><c> huge</c><00:22:15.520><c> benefit</c>

00:22:16.630 --> 00:22:16.640 align:start position:0%
was a huge a huge benefit
 

00:22:16.640 --> 00:22:18.950 align:start position:0%
was a huge a huge benefit
so<00:22:16.960><c> despite</c><00:22:17.360><c> the</c><00:22:17.440><c> fact</c><00:22:17.760><c> that</c><00:22:18.320><c> these</c><00:22:18.559><c> amazing</c>

00:22:18.950 --> 00:22:18.960 align:start position:0%
so despite the fact that these amazing
 

00:22:18.960 --> 00:22:21.669 align:start position:0%
so despite the fact that these amazing
colleagues<00:22:19.440><c> and</c><00:22:19.520><c> collaborators</c><00:22:20.480><c> at</c>

00:22:21.669 --> 00:22:21.679 align:start position:0%
colleagues and collaborators at
 

00:22:21.679 --> 00:22:25.830 align:start position:0%
colleagues and collaborators at
hopkins<00:22:23.520><c> yeah</c><00:22:23.840><c> moved</c><00:22:24.000><c> to</c><00:22:24.159><c> stanford</c><00:22:24.640><c> in</c><00:22:24.840><c> 2011</c>

00:22:25.830 --> 00:22:25.840 align:start position:0%
hopkins yeah moved to stanford in 2011
 

00:22:25.840 --> 00:22:27.110 align:start position:0%
hopkins yeah moved to stanford in 2011
and

00:22:27.110 --> 00:22:27.120 align:start position:0%
and
 

00:22:27.120 --> 00:22:28.950 align:start position:0%
and
the<00:22:27.280><c> stars</c><00:22:27.600><c> aligned</c><00:22:27.919><c> and</c><00:22:28.080><c> there's</c><00:22:28.320><c> a</c><00:22:28.799><c> yeah</c>

00:22:28.950 --> 00:22:28.960 align:start position:0%
the stars aligned and there's a yeah
 

00:22:28.960 --> 00:22:30.549 align:start position:0%
the stars aligned and there's a yeah
there<00:22:29.200><c> was</c><00:22:29.360><c> the</c><00:22:29.440><c> need</c><00:22:29.679><c> for</c><00:22:29.840><c> someone</c><00:22:30.240><c> in</c><00:22:30.320><c> my</c>

00:22:30.549 --> 00:22:30.559 align:start position:0%
there was the need for someone in my
 

00:22:30.559 --> 00:22:31.510 align:start position:0%
there was the need for someone in my
area

00:22:31.510 --> 00:22:31.520 align:start position:0%
area
 

00:22:31.520 --> 00:22:34.789 align:start position:0%
area
there<00:22:33.120><c> and</c><00:22:33.360><c> so</c><00:22:33.760><c> you're</c><00:22:33.919><c> doing</c><00:22:34.320><c> continuing</c>

00:22:34.789 --> 00:22:34.799 align:start position:0%
there and so you're doing continuing
 

00:22:34.799 --> 00:22:36.070 align:start position:0%
there and so you're doing continuing
that<00:22:34.960><c> same</c><00:22:35.200><c> work</c><00:22:35.440><c> primarily</c>

00:22:36.070 --> 00:22:36.080 align:start position:0%
that same work primarily
 

00:22:36.080 --> 00:22:38.630 align:start position:0%
that same work primarily
yeah<00:22:36.400><c> i'm</c><00:22:36.799><c> definitely</c><00:22:37.600><c> in</c><00:22:37.840><c> the</c><00:22:38.000><c> same</c><00:22:38.320><c> in</c><00:22:38.480><c> the</c>

00:22:38.630 --> 00:22:38.640 align:start position:0%
yeah i'm definitely in the same in the
 

00:22:38.640 --> 00:22:40.549 align:start position:0%
yeah i'm definitely in the same in the
same<00:22:38.880><c> line</c><00:22:39.120><c> of</c><00:22:39.280><c> work</c>

00:22:40.549 --> 00:22:40.559 align:start position:0%
same line of work
 

00:22:40.559 --> 00:22:42.070 align:start position:0%
same line of work
there's<00:22:40.799><c> one</c><00:22:40.960><c> other</c><00:22:41.200><c> thing</c><00:22:41.360><c> i</c><00:22:41.440><c> started</c><00:22:41.760><c> johns</c>

00:22:42.070 --> 00:22:42.080 align:start position:0%
there's one other thing i started johns
 

00:22:42.080 --> 00:22:43.510 align:start position:0%
there's one other thing i started johns
hopkins<00:22:42.559><c> that</c><00:22:42.640><c> became</c><00:22:42.960><c> pretty</c><00:22:43.200><c> important</c><00:22:43.440><c> to</c>

00:22:43.510 --> 00:22:43.520 align:start position:0%
hopkins that became pretty important to
 

00:22:43.520 --> 00:22:44.950 align:start position:0%
hopkins that became pretty important to
me<00:22:43.679><c> that</c><00:22:43.760><c> i</c><00:22:43.919><c> realized</c><00:22:44.240><c> i</c><00:22:44.320><c> hadn't</c><00:22:44.559><c> mentioned</c>

00:22:44.950 --> 00:22:44.960 align:start position:0%
me that i realized i hadn't mentioned
 

00:22:44.960 --> 00:22:46.549 align:start position:0%
me that i realized i hadn't mentioned
because<00:22:45.200><c> it</c><00:22:45.280><c> was</c><00:22:45.360><c> kind</c><00:22:45.600><c> of</c><00:22:45.679><c> on</c><00:22:46.080><c> a</c><00:22:46.159><c> separate</c>

00:22:46.549 --> 00:22:46.559 align:start position:0%
because it was kind of on a separate
 

00:22:46.559 --> 00:22:47.750 align:start position:0%
because it was kind of on a separate
track

00:22:47.750 --> 00:22:47.760 align:start position:0%
track
 

00:22:47.760 --> 00:22:50.390 align:start position:0%
track
and<00:22:47.840><c> that</c><00:22:48.080><c> is</c><00:22:48.320><c> doing</c><00:22:48.559><c> things</c><00:22:48.960><c> well</c><00:22:49.760><c> i</c><00:22:50.159><c> i</c>

00:22:50.390 --> 00:22:50.400 align:start position:0%
and that is doing things well i i
 

00:22:50.400 --> 00:22:52.070 align:start position:0%
and that is doing things well i i
usually<00:22:50.640><c> think</c><00:22:50.880><c> of</c><00:22:50.960><c> it</c><00:22:51.120><c> as</c><00:22:51.200><c> rehabilitation</c>

00:22:52.070 --> 00:22:52.080 align:start position:0%
usually think of it as rehabilitation
 

00:22:52.080 --> 00:22:54.070 align:start position:0%
usually think of it as rehabilitation
robotics<00:22:52.720><c> but</c><00:22:52.880><c> it</c><00:22:52.960><c> was</c><00:22:53.120><c> really</c><00:22:53.360><c> more</c><00:22:53.679><c> using</c>

00:22:54.070 --> 00:22:54.080 align:start position:0%
robotics but it was really more using
 

00:22:54.080 --> 00:22:54.870 align:start position:0%
robotics but it was really more using
robotics

00:22:54.870 --> 00:22:54.880 align:start position:0%
robotics
 

00:22:54.880 --> 00:22:57.510 align:start position:0%
robotics
for<00:22:55.440><c> neuroscience</c><00:22:56.320><c> research</c><00:22:57.039><c> so</c><00:22:57.360><c> i</c>

00:22:57.510 --> 00:22:57.520 align:start position:0%
for neuroscience research so i
 

00:22:57.520 --> 00:22:59.350 align:start position:0%
for neuroscience research so i
collaborated<00:22:58.080><c> with</c><00:22:58.240><c> a</c><00:22:58.320><c> neuroscientist</c><00:22:59.120><c> named</c>

00:22:59.350 --> 00:22:59.360 align:start position:0%
collaborated with a neuroscientist named
 

00:22:59.360 --> 00:23:00.950 align:start position:0%
collaborated with a neuroscientist named
amy<00:22:59.760><c> bastian</c>

00:23:00.950 --> 00:23:00.960 align:start position:0%
amy bastian
 

00:23:00.960 --> 00:23:04.390 align:start position:0%
amy bastian
who<00:23:01.840><c> studies</c><00:23:03.280><c> patients</c><00:23:03.760><c> typically</c><00:23:04.080><c> that</c><00:23:04.240><c> have</c>

00:23:04.390 --> 00:23:04.400 align:start position:0%
who studies patients typically that have
 

00:23:04.400 --> 00:23:05.909 align:start position:0%
who studies patients typically that have
damage<00:23:04.720><c> to</c><00:23:04.799><c> the</c><00:23:04.880><c> cerebellum</c><00:23:05.520><c> as</c><00:23:05.600><c> well</c><00:23:05.760><c> in</c>

00:23:05.909 --> 00:23:05.919 align:start position:0%
damage to the cerebellum as well in
 

00:23:05.919 --> 00:23:08.310 align:start position:0%
damage to the cerebellum as well in
other<00:23:06.080><c> patient</c><00:23:06.600><c> populations</c><00:23:07.679><c> and</c>

00:23:08.310 --> 00:23:08.320 align:start position:0%
other patient populations and
 

00:23:08.320 --> 00:23:10.870 align:start position:0%
other patient populations and
we<00:23:08.480><c> were</c><00:23:08.720><c> able</c><00:23:08.960><c> to</c><00:23:09.120><c> use</c><00:23:09.360><c> an</c><00:23:09.520><c> exoskeleton</c><00:23:10.400><c> robot</c>

00:23:10.870 --> 00:23:10.880 align:start position:0%
we were able to use an exoskeleton robot
 

00:23:10.880 --> 00:23:12.230 align:start position:0%
we were able to use an exoskeleton robot
to<00:23:11.039><c> help</c>

00:23:12.230 --> 00:23:12.240 align:start position:0%
to help
 

00:23:12.240 --> 00:23:15.110 align:start position:0%
to help
understand<00:23:12.960><c> what</c><00:23:13.520><c> uh</c><00:23:13.919><c> what</c><00:23:14.080><c> is</c><00:23:14.240><c> the</c><00:23:14.480><c> role</c><00:23:14.960><c> of</c>

00:23:15.110 --> 00:23:15.120 align:start position:0%
understand what uh what is the role of
 

00:23:15.120 --> 00:23:16.390 align:start position:0%
understand what uh what is the role of
certain<00:23:15.360><c> parts</c><00:23:15.600><c> of</c><00:23:15.760><c> the</c><00:23:15.840><c> brain</c>

00:23:16.390 --> 00:23:16.400 align:start position:0%
certain parts of the brain
 

00:23:16.400 --> 00:23:18.870 align:start position:0%
certain parts of the brain
in<00:23:16.799><c> helping</c><00:23:17.120><c> people</c><00:23:17.440><c> control</c><00:23:17.840><c> their</c><00:23:18.080><c> movement</c>

00:23:18.870 --> 00:23:18.880 align:start position:0%
in helping people control their movement
 

00:23:18.880 --> 00:23:20.470 align:start position:0%
in helping people control their movement
and<00:23:19.039><c> so</c><00:23:19.200><c> to</c><00:23:19.360><c> do</c><00:23:19.520><c> that</c><00:23:19.679><c> we</c><00:23:19.840><c> would</c><00:23:20.000><c> examine</c>

00:23:20.470 --> 00:23:20.480 align:start position:0%
and so to do that we would examine
 

00:23:20.480 --> 00:23:21.909 align:start position:0%
and so to do that we would examine
patients<00:23:21.039><c> that</c>

00:23:21.909 --> 00:23:21.919 align:start position:0%
patients that
 

00:23:21.919 --> 00:23:23.830 align:start position:0%
patients that
had<00:23:22.080><c> damage</c><00:23:22.400><c> to</c><00:23:22.480><c> the</c><00:23:22.559><c> cerebellum</c><00:23:23.440><c> look</c><00:23:23.600><c> at</c><00:23:23.679><c> how</c>

00:23:23.830 --> 00:23:23.840 align:start position:0%
had damage to the cerebellum look at how
 

00:23:23.840 --> 00:23:25.590 align:start position:0%
had damage to the cerebellum look at how
their<00:23:24.000><c> movements</c><00:23:24.400><c> differed</c><00:23:24.880><c> from</c><00:23:25.200><c> healthy</c>

00:23:25.590 --> 00:23:25.600 align:start position:0%
their movements differed from healthy
 

00:23:25.600 --> 00:23:26.390 align:start position:0%
their movements differed from healthy
people

00:23:26.390 --> 00:23:26.400 align:start position:0%
people
 

00:23:26.400 --> 00:23:30.149 align:start position:0%
people
and<00:23:27.120><c> try</c><00:23:27.280><c> to</c><00:23:27.520><c> try</c><00:23:27.679><c> to</c><00:23:27.919><c> decode</c><00:23:29.280><c> what</c><00:23:29.520><c> exactly</c><00:23:30.000><c> is</c>

00:23:30.149 --> 00:23:30.159 align:start position:0%
and try to try to decode what exactly is
 

00:23:30.159 --> 00:23:31.510 align:start position:0%
and try to try to decode what exactly is
it<00:23:30.240><c> with</c><00:23:30.400><c> those</c><00:23:30.640><c> movements</c><00:23:31.120><c> and</c><00:23:31.200><c> what</c><00:23:31.360><c> would</c>

00:23:31.510 --> 00:23:31.520 align:start position:0%
it with those movements and what would
 

00:23:31.520 --> 00:23:32.950 align:start position:0%
it with those movements and what would
that<00:23:31.760><c> say</c><00:23:32.000><c> about</c><00:23:32.240><c> the</c><00:23:32.400><c> brain's</c>

00:23:32.950 --> 00:23:32.960 align:start position:0%
that say about the brain's
 

00:23:32.960 --> 00:23:35.350 align:start position:0%
that say about the brain's
processing<00:23:33.600><c> of</c><00:23:34.320><c> its</c><00:23:34.480><c> ability</c><00:23:34.880><c> to</c><00:23:34.960><c> control</c>

00:23:35.350 --> 00:23:35.360 align:start position:0%
processing of its ability to control
 

00:23:35.360 --> 00:23:36.549 align:start position:0%
processing of its ability to control
movement

00:23:36.549 --> 00:23:36.559 align:start position:0%
movement
 

00:23:36.559 --> 00:23:39.350 align:start position:0%
movement
and<00:23:37.360><c> and</c><00:23:37.520><c> that's</c><00:23:37.760><c> something</c><00:23:38.240><c> that</c><00:23:39.120><c> really</c>

00:23:39.350 --> 00:23:39.360 align:start position:0%
and and that's something that really
 

00:23:39.360 --> 00:23:40.630 align:start position:0%
and and that's something that really
took<00:23:39.600><c> me</c><00:23:39.760><c> much</c><00:23:40.000><c> more</c><00:23:40.240><c> into</c>

00:23:40.630 --> 00:23:40.640 align:start position:0%
took me much more into
 

00:23:40.640 --> 00:23:44.149 align:start position:0%
took me much more into
into<00:23:40.880><c> neuroscience</c><00:23:42.080><c> research</c><00:23:43.200><c> and</c><00:23:43.600><c> uh</c>

00:23:44.149 --> 00:23:44.159 align:start position:0%
into neuroscience research and uh
 

00:23:44.159 --> 00:23:45.990 align:start position:0%
into neuroscience research and uh
so<00:23:44.400><c> as</c><00:23:44.559><c> an</c><00:23:44.640><c> example</c><00:23:44.960><c> just</c><00:23:45.200><c> transitioning</c><00:23:45.760><c> to</c>

00:23:45.990 --> 00:23:46.000 align:start position:0%
so as an example just transitioning to
 

00:23:46.000 --> 00:23:48.789 align:start position:0%
so as an example just transitioning to
what<00:23:46.320><c> you</c><00:23:46.400><c> know</c><00:23:46.559><c> we're</c><00:23:46.720><c> doing</c><00:23:47.039><c> at</c><00:23:47.200><c> stanford</c>

00:23:48.789 --> 00:23:48.799 align:start position:0%
what you know we're doing at stanford
 

00:23:48.799 --> 00:23:51.909 align:start position:0%
what you know we're doing at stanford
is<00:23:48.960><c> now</c><00:23:49.200><c> trying</c><00:23:49.520><c> to</c><00:23:49.679><c> do</c><00:23:50.480><c> uh</c>

00:23:51.909 --> 00:23:51.919 align:start position:0%
is now trying to do uh
 

00:23:51.919 --> 00:23:53.909 align:start position:0%
is now trying to do uh
more<00:23:52.400><c> work</c><00:23:52.960><c> that</c><00:23:53.440><c> sort</c><00:23:53.600><c> of</c><00:23:53.679><c> in</c><00:23:53.760><c> the</c>

00:23:53.909 --> 00:23:53.919 align:start position:0%
more work that sort of in the
 

00:23:53.919 --> 00:23:55.190 align:start position:0%
more work that sort of in the
neuroscience

00:23:55.190 --> 00:23:55.200 align:start position:0%
neuroscience
 

00:23:55.200 --> 00:23:58.310 align:start position:0%
neuroscience
domain<00:23:55.919><c> so</c><00:23:56.559><c> applying</c><00:23:57.200><c> um</c><00:23:57.679><c> rehabilitation</c>

00:23:58.310 --> 00:23:58.320 align:start position:0%
domain so applying um rehabilitation
 

00:23:58.320 --> 00:24:01.190 align:start position:0%
domain so applying um rehabilitation
robotics<00:23:58.880><c> ideas</c><00:23:59.279><c> to</c><00:23:59.520><c> stroke</c>

00:24:01.190 --> 00:24:01.200 align:start position:0%
robotics ideas to stroke
 

00:24:01.200 --> 00:24:03.669 align:start position:0%
robotics ideas to stroke
to<00:24:02.080><c> some</c><00:24:02.320><c> work</c><00:24:02.640><c> we</c><00:24:02.720><c> did</c><00:24:02.880><c> in</c><00:24:02.960><c> prosthetics</c><00:24:03.600><c> that</c>

00:24:03.669 --> 00:24:03.679 align:start position:0%
to some work we did in prosthetics that
 

00:24:03.679 --> 00:24:05.269 align:start position:0%
to some work we did in prosthetics that
we<00:24:03.840><c> started</c><00:24:04.159><c> at</c><00:24:04.320><c> hopkins</c><00:24:04.799><c> we</c><00:24:04.960><c> want</c><00:24:05.120><c> to</c>

00:24:05.269 --> 00:24:05.279 align:start position:0%
we started at hopkins we want to
 

00:24:05.279 --> 00:24:06.070 align:start position:0%
we started at hopkins we want to
understand

00:24:06.070 --> 00:24:06.080 align:start position:0%
understand
 

00:24:06.080 --> 00:24:08.870 align:start position:0%
understand
uh<00:24:06.720><c> how</c><00:24:06.960><c> can</c><00:24:07.520><c> haptic</c><00:24:07.919><c> feedback</c><00:24:08.480><c> be</c><00:24:08.640><c> used</c>

00:24:08.870 --> 00:24:08.880 align:start position:0%
uh how can haptic feedback be used
 

00:24:08.880 --> 00:24:10.470 align:start position:0%
uh how can haptic feedback be used
effectively<00:24:09.520><c> by</c><00:24:09.679><c> people</c><00:24:09.919><c> who</c><00:24:10.080><c> are</c><00:24:10.159><c> using</c>

00:24:10.470 --> 00:24:10.480 align:start position:0%
effectively by people who are using
 

00:24:10.480 --> 00:24:12.310 align:start position:0%
effectively by people who are using
brain<00:24:10.640><c> machine</c><00:24:11.039><c> interfaces</c>

00:24:12.310 --> 00:24:12.320 align:start position:0%
brain machine interfaces
 

00:24:12.320 --> 00:24:13.750 align:start position:0%
brain machine interfaces
but<00:24:12.480><c> we're</c><00:24:12.720><c> also</c><00:24:12.960><c> continuing</c><00:24:13.440><c> needle</c>

00:24:13.750 --> 00:24:13.760 align:start position:0%
but we're also continuing needle
 

00:24:13.760 --> 00:24:16.470 align:start position:0%
but we're also continuing needle
steering<00:24:14.320><c> developing</c><00:24:15.039><c> novel</c><00:24:15.360><c> haptic</c><00:24:15.760><c> devices</c>

00:24:16.470 --> 00:24:16.480 align:start position:0%
steering developing novel haptic devices
 

00:24:16.480 --> 00:24:19.909 align:start position:0%
steering developing novel haptic devices
for<00:24:16.640><c> tele</c><00:24:17.039><c> operation</c><00:24:18.559><c> coming</c><00:24:18.880><c> up</c><00:24:19.039><c> with</c><00:24:19.440><c> new</c>

00:24:19.909 --> 00:24:19.919 align:start position:0%
for tele operation coming up with new
 

00:24:19.919 --> 00:24:22.789 align:start position:0%
for tele operation coming up with new
medical<00:24:20.320><c> robotic</c><00:24:20.799><c> devices</c><00:24:22.559><c> so</c><00:24:22.720><c> the</c>

00:24:22.789 --> 00:24:22.799 align:start position:0%
medical robotic devices so the
 

00:24:22.799 --> 00:24:24.549 align:start position:0%
medical robotic devices so the
neuroscience<00:24:23.440><c> also</c><00:24:23.679><c> informs</c><00:24:24.240><c> the</c>

00:24:24.549 --> 00:24:24.559 align:start position:0%
neuroscience also informs the
 

00:24:24.559 --> 00:24:26.789 align:start position:0%
neuroscience also informs the
sort<00:24:24.720><c> of</c><00:24:24.880><c> tactile</c><00:24:25.360><c> feedbacks</c><00:24:25.919><c> of</c><00:24:26.080><c> the</c><00:24:26.159><c> haptics</c>

00:24:26.789 --> 00:24:26.799 align:start position:0%
sort of tactile feedbacks of the haptics
 

00:24:26.799 --> 00:24:28.870 align:start position:0%
sort of tactile feedbacks of the haptics
yeah<00:24:27.200><c> so</c><00:24:27.440><c> part</c><00:24:27.679><c> of</c><00:24:27.840><c> part</c><00:24:28.080><c> of</c><00:24:28.159><c> the</c><00:24:28.240><c> neuroscience</c>

00:24:28.870 --> 00:24:28.880 align:start position:0%
yeah so part of part of the neuroscience
 

00:24:28.880 --> 00:24:30.470 align:start position:0%
yeah so part of part of the neuroscience
is<00:24:29.120><c> understanding</c><00:24:29.840><c> that</c><00:24:30.000><c> we're</c><00:24:30.080><c> interested</c>

00:24:30.470 --> 00:24:30.480 align:start position:0%
is understanding that we're interested
 

00:24:30.480 --> 00:24:31.190 align:start position:0%
is understanding that we're interested
in

00:24:31.190 --> 00:24:31.200 align:start position:0%
in
 

00:24:31.200 --> 00:24:34.149 align:start position:0%
in
now<00:24:31.679><c> is</c><00:24:32.320><c> understanding</c><00:24:32.960><c> how</c><00:24:33.279><c> certain</c><00:24:33.679><c> aspects</c>

00:24:34.149 --> 00:24:34.159 align:start position:0%
now is understanding how certain aspects
 

00:24:34.159 --> 00:24:35.350 align:start position:0%
now is understanding how certain aspects
of<00:24:34.240><c> the</c><00:24:34.320><c> sense</c><00:24:34.559><c> of</c><00:24:34.720><c> touch</c><00:24:35.039><c> actually</c>

00:24:35.350 --> 00:24:35.360 align:start position:0%
of the sense of touch actually
 

00:24:35.360 --> 00:24:37.190 align:start position:0%
of the sense of touch actually
contribute<00:24:36.000><c> to</c><00:24:36.240><c> our</c><00:24:36.400><c> sensing</c><00:24:36.799><c> and</c><00:24:36.880><c> motor</c>

00:24:37.190 --> 00:24:37.200 align:start position:0%
contribute to our sensing and motor
 

00:24:37.200 --> 00:24:38.149 align:start position:0%
contribute to our sensing and motor
control

00:24:38.149 --> 00:24:38.159 align:start position:0%
control
 

00:24:38.159 --> 00:24:40.630 align:start position:0%
control
so<00:24:38.480><c> one</c><00:24:38.720><c> example</c><00:24:39.360><c> is</c><00:24:39.520><c> if</c><00:24:39.679><c> you</c><00:24:40.080><c> you</c><00:24:40.240><c> hold</c><00:24:40.480><c> your</c>

00:24:40.630 --> 00:24:40.640 align:start position:0%
so one example is if you you hold your
 

00:24:40.640 --> 00:24:41.909 align:start position:0%
so one example is if you you hold your
pen<00:24:41.039><c> and</c><00:24:41.120><c> you</c><00:24:41.360><c> push</c><00:24:41.600><c> on</c>

00:24:41.909 --> 00:24:41.919 align:start position:0%
pen and you push on
 

00:24:41.919 --> 00:24:44.870 align:start position:0%
pen and you push on
a<00:24:42.400><c> hard</c><00:24:42.799><c> object</c><00:24:43.520><c> you</c><00:24:43.760><c> feel</c><00:24:44.000><c> not</c><00:24:44.159><c> only</c><00:24:44.480><c> force</c><00:24:44.799><c> in</c>

00:24:44.870 --> 00:24:44.880 align:start position:0%
a hard object you feel not only force in
 

00:24:44.880 --> 00:24:46.549 align:start position:0%
a hard object you feel not only force in
your<00:24:45.120><c> arm</c><00:24:45.279><c> but</c><00:24:45.440><c> there's</c><00:24:45.760><c> local</c><00:24:46.159><c> skin</c>

00:24:46.549 --> 00:24:46.559 align:start position:0%
your arm but there's local skin
 

00:24:46.559 --> 00:24:48.789 align:start position:0%
your arm but there's local skin
stretch<00:24:47.360><c> and</c><00:24:47.520><c> so</c><00:24:47.760><c> working</c><00:24:48.159><c> with</c><00:24:48.480><c> will</c>

00:24:48.789 --> 00:24:48.799 align:start position:0%
stretch and so working with will
 

00:24:48.799 --> 00:24:50.310 align:start position:0%
stretch and so working with will
provencher<00:24:49.520><c> who's</c><00:24:49.760><c> a</c><00:24:49.840><c> professor</c><00:24:50.159><c> at</c>

00:24:50.310 --> 00:24:50.320 align:start position:0%
provencher who's a professor at
 

00:24:50.320 --> 00:24:52.149 align:start position:0%
provencher who's a professor at
university<00:24:50.799><c> of</c><00:24:50.880><c> utah</c><00:24:51.200><c> who</c><00:24:51.360><c> did</c><00:24:51.520><c> a</c><00:24:51.600><c> sabbatical</c>

00:24:52.149 --> 00:24:52.159 align:start position:0%
university of utah who did a sabbatical
 

00:24:52.159 --> 00:24:52.950 align:start position:0%
university of utah who did a sabbatical
in<00:24:52.240><c> my</c><00:24:52.400><c> lab</c>

00:24:52.950 --> 00:24:52.960 align:start position:0%
in my lab
 

00:24:52.960 --> 00:24:54.630 align:start position:0%
in my lab
who<00:24:53.120><c> was</c><00:24:53.200><c> also</c><00:24:53.440><c> a</c><00:24:53.520><c> former</c><00:24:53.840><c> kokoski</c><00:24:54.400><c> grad</c>

00:24:54.630 --> 00:24:54.640 align:start position:0%
who was also a former kokoski grad
 

00:24:54.640 --> 00:24:56.789 align:start position:0%
who was also a former kokoski grad
student

00:24:56.789 --> 00:24:56.799 align:start position:0%
student
 

00:24:56.799 --> 00:24:59.029 align:start position:0%
student
we<00:24:57.039><c> developed</c><00:24:57.360><c> these</c><00:24:57.600><c> little</c><00:24:58.000><c> skin</c><00:24:58.400><c> stretch</c>

00:24:59.029 --> 00:24:59.039 align:start position:0%
we developed these little skin stretch
 

00:24:59.039 --> 00:25:00.230 align:start position:0%
we developed these little skin stretch
tectors

00:25:00.230 --> 00:25:00.240 align:start position:0%
tectors
 

00:25:00.240 --> 00:25:01.990 align:start position:0%
tectors
which<00:25:00.400><c> could</c><00:25:00.559><c> be</c><00:25:00.720><c> used</c><00:25:00.960><c> to</c><00:25:01.120><c> substitute</c><00:25:01.760><c> for</c>

00:25:01.990 --> 00:25:02.000 align:start position:0%
which could be used to substitute for
 

00:25:02.000 --> 00:25:03.669 align:start position:0%
which could be used to substitute for
force<00:25:02.320><c> feedback</c><00:25:02.880><c> or</c><00:25:03.120><c> even</c>

00:25:03.669 --> 00:25:03.679 align:start position:0%
force feedback or even
 

00:25:03.679 --> 00:25:05.590 align:start position:0%
force feedback or even
you<00:25:03.840><c> could</c><00:25:04.000><c> take</c><00:25:04.320><c> force</c><00:25:04.720><c> feedback</c><00:25:05.279><c> through</c><00:25:05.520><c> a</c>

00:25:05.590 --> 00:25:05.600 align:start position:0%
you could take force feedback through a
 

00:25:05.600 --> 00:25:07.350 align:start position:0%
you could take force feedback through a
phantom<00:25:06.000><c> like</c><00:25:06.240><c> haptic</c><00:25:06.640><c> device</c>

00:25:07.350 --> 00:25:07.360 align:start position:0%
phantom like haptic device
 

00:25:07.360 --> 00:25:09.029 align:start position:0%
phantom like haptic device
add<00:25:07.679><c> on</c><00:25:07.840><c> the</c><00:25:08.000><c> skin</c><00:25:08.320><c> stretch</c><00:25:08.720><c> and</c><00:25:08.799><c> you</c><00:25:08.880><c> would</c>

00:25:09.029 --> 00:25:09.039 align:start position:0%
add on the skin stretch and you would
 

00:25:09.039 --> 00:25:10.230 align:start position:0%
add on the skin stretch and you would
make<00:25:09.279><c> people</c><00:25:09.600><c> think</c><00:25:09.840><c> that</c><00:25:10.000><c> they</c><00:25:10.080><c> were</c>

00:25:10.230 --> 00:25:10.240 align:start position:0%
make people think that they were
 

00:25:10.240 --> 00:25:11.909 align:start position:0%
make people think that they were
actually<00:25:10.559><c> feeling</c><00:25:10.960><c> more</c><00:25:11.279><c> force</c>

00:25:11.909 --> 00:25:11.919 align:start position:0%
actually feeling more force
 

00:25:11.919 --> 00:25:14.549 align:start position:0%
actually feeling more force
than<00:25:12.080><c> they</c><00:25:12.240><c> were</c><00:25:12.400><c> actually</c><00:25:12.720><c> feeling</c><00:25:13.520><c> so</c><00:25:14.320><c> kind</c>

00:25:14.549 --> 00:25:14.559 align:start position:0%
than they were actually feeling so kind
 

00:25:14.559 --> 00:25:15.669 align:start position:0%
than they were actually feeling so kind
of<00:25:14.880><c> uh</c>

00:25:15.669 --> 00:25:15.679 align:start position:0%
of uh
 

00:25:15.679 --> 00:25:17.909 align:start position:0%
of uh
using<00:25:16.000><c> these</c><00:25:16.159><c> sort</c><00:25:16.320><c> of</c><00:25:16.480><c> haptic</c><00:25:16.880><c> illusions</c><00:25:17.600><c> and</c>

00:25:17.909 --> 00:25:17.919 align:start position:0%
using these sort of haptic illusions and
 

00:25:17.919 --> 00:25:18.870 align:start position:0%
using these sort of haptic illusions and
tricks

00:25:18.870 --> 00:25:18.880 align:start position:0%
tricks
 

00:25:18.880 --> 00:25:20.630 align:start position:0%
tricks
uh<00:25:19.200><c> are</c><00:25:19.440><c> interesting</c><00:25:19.919><c> because</c><00:25:20.080><c> they</c><00:25:20.240><c> can</c><00:25:20.400><c> also</c>

00:25:20.630 --> 00:25:20.640 align:start position:0%
uh are interesting because they can also
 

00:25:20.640 --> 00:25:22.230 align:start position:0%
uh are interesting because they can also
make<00:25:20.880><c> a</c><00:25:20.960><c> more</c><00:25:21.200><c> useful</c>

00:25:22.230 --> 00:25:22.240 align:start position:0%
make a more useful
 

00:25:22.240 --> 00:25:25.190 align:start position:0%
make a more useful
uh<00:25:22.559><c> teleoperator</c><00:25:23.279><c> haptic</c><00:25:23.600><c> feedback</c><00:25:24.080><c> system</c>

00:25:25.190 --> 00:25:25.200 align:start position:0%
uh teleoperator haptic feedback system
 

00:25:25.200 --> 00:25:26.710 align:start position:0%
uh teleoperator haptic feedback system
but<00:25:25.440><c> also</c><00:25:25.760><c> it's</c><00:25:25.919><c> very</c><00:25:26.159><c> interesting</c><00:25:26.559><c> for</c>

00:25:26.710 --> 00:25:26.720 align:start position:0%
but also it's very interesting for
 

00:25:26.720 --> 00:25:28.789 align:start position:0%
but also it's very interesting for
understanding<00:25:27.360><c> how</c><00:25:27.600><c> we</c><00:25:27.919><c> how</c><00:25:28.080><c> we</c><00:25:28.320><c> process</c>

00:25:28.789 --> 00:25:28.799 align:start position:0%
understanding how we how we process
 

00:25:28.799 --> 00:25:30.870 align:start position:0%
understanding how we how we process
touch<00:25:29.200><c> so</c><00:25:29.440><c> touch</c><00:25:29.840><c> you</c><00:25:29.919><c> know</c><00:25:30.080><c> feeling</c><00:25:30.480><c> forces</c>

00:25:30.870 --> 00:25:30.880 align:start position:0%
touch so touch you know feeling forces
 

00:25:30.880 --> 00:25:32.070 align:start position:0%
touch so touch you know feeling forces
is<00:25:31.039><c> not</c><00:25:31.200><c> just</c><00:25:31.440><c> about</c><00:25:31.679><c> the</c>

00:25:32.070 --> 00:25:32.080 align:start position:0%
is not just about the
 

00:25:32.080 --> 00:25:34.710 align:start position:0%
is not just about the
kinesthetics<00:25:32.799><c> of</c><00:25:32.960><c> the</c><00:25:33.440><c> arm</c><00:25:33.840><c> but</c><00:25:34.320><c> but</c><00:25:34.480><c> also</c>

00:25:34.710 --> 00:25:34.720 align:start position:0%
kinesthetics of the arm but but also
 

00:25:34.720 --> 00:25:36.149 align:start position:0%
kinesthetics of the arm but but also
about<00:25:34.880><c> what</c><00:25:35.039><c> you</c><00:25:35.200><c> feel</c><00:25:35.440><c> locally</c><00:25:35.840><c> through</c><00:25:36.000><c> your</c>

00:25:36.149 --> 00:25:36.159 align:start position:0%
about what you feel locally through your
 

00:25:36.159 --> 00:25:38.710 align:start position:0%
about what you feel locally through your
skin

00:25:38.710 --> 00:25:38.720 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:25:38.720 --> 00:25:40.950 align:start position:0%
 
and<00:25:39.039><c> um</c><00:25:39.919><c> so</c><00:25:40.080><c> you</c><00:25:40.159><c> must</c><00:25:40.400><c> have</c><00:25:40.559><c> done</c><00:25:40.720><c> some</c>

00:25:40.950 --> 00:25:40.960 align:start position:0%
and um so you must have done some
 

00:25:40.960 --> 00:25:42.630 align:start position:0%
and um so you must have done some
sabbaticals<00:25:41.840><c> along</c><00:25:42.159><c> the</c><00:25:42.320><c> way</c>

00:25:42.630 --> 00:25:42.640 align:start position:0%
sabbaticals along the way
 

00:25:42.640 --> 00:25:45.669 align:start position:0%
sabbaticals along the way
as<00:25:42.720><c> well</c><00:25:43.120><c> have</c><00:25:43.360><c> you</c><00:25:43.520><c> ever</c><00:25:44.080><c> uh</c><00:25:44.880><c> yeah</c>

00:25:45.669 --> 00:25:45.679 align:start position:0%
as well have you ever uh yeah
 

00:25:45.679 --> 00:25:49.029 align:start position:0%
as well have you ever uh yeah
so<00:25:46.240><c> uh</c><00:25:46.559><c> unfortunately</c><00:25:47.279><c> not</c><00:25:47.600><c> too</c><00:25:47.919><c> much</c><00:25:48.480><c> uh</c><00:25:48.799><c> yeah</c>

00:25:49.029 --> 00:25:49.039 align:start position:0%
so uh unfortunately not too much uh yeah
 

00:25:49.039 --> 00:25:50.390 align:start position:0%
so uh unfortunately not too much uh yeah
right<00:25:49.279><c> i</c><00:25:49.360><c> was</c><00:25:49.440><c> waiting</c><00:25:49.679><c> to</c><00:25:49.760><c> take</c><00:25:49.919><c> some</c><00:25:50.080><c> medical</c>

00:25:50.390 --> 00:25:50.400 align:start position:0%
right i was waiting to take some medical
 

00:25:50.400 --> 00:25:51.750 align:start position:0%
right i was waiting to take some medical
till<00:25:50.559><c> my</c><00:25:50.640><c> husband</c><00:25:50.880><c> got</c><00:25:51.039><c> tenure</c><00:25:51.360><c> we</c><00:25:51.440><c> were</c><00:25:51.600><c> gonna</c>

00:25:51.750 --> 00:25:51.760 align:start position:0%
till my husband got tenure we were gonna
 

00:25:51.760 --> 00:25:53.669 align:start position:0%
till my husband got tenure we were gonna
go<00:25:51.919><c> off</c><00:25:52.080><c> together</c><00:25:52.559><c> but</c><00:25:52.799><c> uh</c><00:25:53.039><c> unfortunately</c>

00:25:53.669 --> 00:25:53.679 align:start position:0%
go off together but uh unfortunately
 

00:25:53.679 --> 00:25:54.710 align:start position:0%
go off together but uh unfortunately
that<00:25:53.840><c> didn't</c><00:25:54.080><c> happen</c><00:25:54.400><c> so</c>

00:25:54.710 --> 00:25:54.720 align:start position:0%
that didn't happen so
 

00:25:54.720 --> 00:25:56.789 align:start position:0%
that didn't happen so
um<00:25:54.960><c> i</c><00:25:55.039><c> wound</c><00:25:55.360><c> up</c><00:25:55.520><c> staying</c><00:25:55.919><c> in</c><00:25:56.080><c> baltimore</c><00:25:56.720><c> at</c>

00:25:56.789 --> 00:25:56.799 align:start position:0%
um i wound up staying in baltimore at
 

00:25:56.799 --> 00:25:59.110 align:start position:0%
um i wound up staying in baltimore at
johns<00:25:57.120><c> hopkins</c><00:25:57.600><c> for</c><00:25:57.760><c> my</c><00:25:57.919><c> sabbatical</c>

00:25:59.110 --> 00:25:59.120 align:start position:0%
johns hopkins for my sabbatical
 

00:25:59.120 --> 00:26:01.110 align:start position:0%
johns hopkins for my sabbatical
uh<00:25:59.440><c> and</c><00:25:59.600><c> i</c><00:25:59.679><c> actually</c><00:25:59.919><c> did</c><00:26:00.080><c> my</c><00:26:00.240><c> sabbatical</c><00:26:00.880><c> in</c>

00:26:01.110 --> 00:26:01.120 align:start position:0%
uh and i actually did my sabbatical in
 

00:26:01.120 --> 00:26:02.950 align:start position:0%
uh and i actually did my sabbatical in
amy<00:26:01.440><c> bastian's</c><00:26:01.919><c> neuroscience</c>

00:26:02.950 --> 00:26:02.960 align:start position:0%
amy bastian's neuroscience
 

00:26:02.960 --> 00:26:05.830 align:start position:0%
amy bastian's neuroscience
lab<00:26:04.400><c> and</c><00:26:04.720><c> so</c><00:26:04.880><c> that's</c><00:26:05.120><c> about</c><00:26:05.279><c> how</c><00:26:05.520><c> she</c><00:26:05.679><c> really</c>

00:26:05.830 --> 00:26:05.840 align:start position:0%
lab and so that's about how she really
 

00:26:05.840 --> 00:26:07.350 align:start position:0%
lab and so that's about how she really
gave<00:26:06.000><c> me</c><00:26:06.159><c> the</c><00:26:06.320><c> opportunity</c><00:26:06.799><c> to</c><00:26:06.960><c> move</c><00:26:07.200><c> more</c>

00:26:07.350 --> 00:26:07.360 align:start position:0%
gave me the opportunity to move more
 

00:26:07.360 --> 00:26:09.110 align:start position:0%
gave me the opportunity to move more
into<00:26:07.600><c> this</c><00:26:07.760><c> neuroscience</c><00:26:08.559><c> rehab</c>

00:26:09.110 --> 00:26:09.120 align:start position:0%
into this neuroscience rehab
 

00:26:09.120 --> 00:26:12.630 align:start position:0%
into this neuroscience rehab
robotics<00:26:09.919><c> uh</c><00:26:10.480><c> realm</c><00:26:11.600><c> which</c><00:26:11.840><c> is</c><00:26:12.000><c> still</c><00:26:12.240><c> just</c>

00:26:12.630 --> 00:26:12.640 align:start position:0%
robotics uh realm which is still just
 

00:26:12.640 --> 00:26:15.110 align:start position:0%
robotics uh realm which is still just
you<00:26:12.799><c> know</c><00:26:13.200><c> a</c><00:26:13.360><c> third</c><00:26:13.600><c> or</c><00:26:13.760><c> half</c><00:26:13.919><c> of</c><00:26:14.000><c> what</c><00:26:14.159><c> we</c><00:26:14.320><c> do</c>

00:26:15.110 --> 00:26:15.120 align:start position:0%
you know a third or half of what we do
 

00:26:15.120 --> 00:26:16.710 align:start position:0%
you know a third or half of what we do
but<00:26:15.279><c> it</c><00:26:15.440><c> really</c><00:26:15.679><c> opened</c><00:26:16.000><c> up</c><00:26:16.240><c> that</c>

00:26:16.710 --> 00:26:16.720 align:start position:0%
but it really opened up that
 

00:26:16.720 --> 00:26:19.269 align:start position:0%
but it really opened up that
that<00:26:17.039><c> field</c><00:26:17.360><c> to</c><00:26:17.520><c> me</c><00:26:18.159><c> and</c><00:26:18.640><c> i've</c><00:26:18.799><c> only</c><00:26:18.960><c> been</c><00:26:19.200><c> at</c>

00:26:19.269 --> 00:26:19.279 align:start position:0%
that field to me and i've only been at
 

00:26:19.279 --> 00:26:19.909 align:start position:0%
that field to me and i've only been at
stanford

00:26:19.909 --> 00:26:19.919 align:start position:0%
stanford
 

00:26:19.919 --> 00:26:22.630 align:start position:0%
stanford
for<00:26:20.159><c> three</c><00:26:20.480><c> years</c><00:26:20.960><c> now</c><00:26:21.600><c> as</c><00:26:21.760><c> a</c><00:26:21.840><c> faculty</c><00:26:22.240><c> member</c>

00:26:22.630 --> 00:26:22.640 align:start position:0%
for three years now as a faculty member
 

00:26:22.640 --> 00:26:23.990 align:start position:0%
for three years now as a faculty member
so<00:26:22.720><c> i</c><00:26:22.799><c> haven't</c><00:26:23.039><c> taken</c><00:26:23.279><c> a</c><00:26:23.360><c> sabbatical</c>

00:26:23.990 --> 00:26:24.000 align:start position:0%
so i haven't taken a sabbatical
 

00:26:24.000 --> 00:26:27.029 align:start position:0%
so i haven't taken a sabbatical
there<00:26:24.159><c> yet</c><00:26:26.159><c> that</c><00:26:26.400><c> is</c><00:26:26.480><c> a</c><00:26:26.559><c> different</c><00:26:26.799><c> being</c><00:26:26.960><c> a</c>

00:26:27.029 --> 00:26:27.039 align:start position:0%
there yet that is a different being a
 

00:26:27.039 --> 00:26:29.830 align:start position:0%
there yet that is a different being a
faculty<00:26:27.440><c> member</c><00:26:27.760><c> than</c><00:26:27.919><c> a</c><00:26:28.000><c> student</c>

00:26:29.830 --> 00:26:29.840 align:start position:0%
faculty member than a student
 

00:26:29.840 --> 00:26:32.070 align:start position:0%
faculty member than a student
it<00:26:30.480><c> is</c><00:26:30.960><c> i</c><00:26:31.120><c> mean</c><00:26:31.200><c> you</c><00:26:31.360><c> get</c><00:26:31.520><c> a</c><00:26:31.600><c> very</c><00:26:31.840><c> different</c>

00:26:32.070 --> 00:26:32.080 align:start position:0%
it is i mean you get a very different
 

00:26:32.080 --> 00:26:33.669 align:start position:0%
it is i mean you get a very different
perspective

00:26:33.669 --> 00:26:33.679 align:start position:0%
perspective
 

00:26:33.679 --> 00:26:37.750 align:start position:0%
perspective
seeing<00:26:34.000><c> it</c><00:26:34.159><c> from</c><00:26:34.720><c> being</c><00:26:34.960><c> a</c><00:26:35.039><c> faculty</c><00:26:35.600><c> member</c>

00:26:37.750 --> 00:26:37.760 align:start position:0%
seeing it from being a faculty member
 

00:26:37.760 --> 00:26:39.990 align:start position:0%
seeing it from being a faculty member
with<00:26:37.919><c> that</c><00:26:38.159><c> said</c><00:26:38.400><c> it's</c><00:26:38.559><c> actually</c><00:26:39.279><c> uh</c><00:26:39.840><c> it's</c>

00:26:39.990 --> 00:26:40.000 align:start position:0%
with that said it's actually uh it's
 

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:42.149 align:start position:0%
with that said it's actually uh it's
actually<00:26:40.320><c> surprising</c><00:26:40.880><c> how</c><00:26:41.039><c> much</c><00:26:41.360><c> uh</c><00:26:41.600><c> has</c>

00:26:42.149 --> 00:26:42.159 align:start position:0%
actually surprising how much uh has
 

00:26:42.159 --> 00:26:45.430 align:start position:0%
actually surprising how much uh has
has<00:26:42.400><c> not</c><00:26:42.640><c> changed</c><00:26:44.000><c> uh</c><00:26:44.400><c> there's</c><00:26:44.640><c> some</c><00:26:44.960><c> uh</c>

00:26:45.430 --> 00:26:45.440 align:start position:0%
has not changed uh there's some uh
 

00:26:45.440 --> 00:26:47.750 align:start position:0%
has not changed uh there's some uh
some<00:26:45.679><c> great</c><00:26:46.080><c> sort</c><00:26:46.240><c> of</c><00:26:46.400><c> mechatronics</c><00:26:47.120><c> robotics</c>

00:26:47.750 --> 00:26:47.760 align:start position:0%
some great sort of mechatronics robotics
 

00:26:47.760 --> 00:26:49.830 align:start position:0%
some great sort of mechatronics robotics
uh<00:26:48.080><c> education</c><00:26:48.720><c> programs</c><00:26:49.200><c> that</c><00:26:49.279><c> they</c><00:26:49.520><c> put</c><00:26:49.679><c> into</c>

00:26:49.830 --> 00:26:49.840 align:start position:0%
uh education programs that they put into
 

00:26:49.840 --> 00:26:51.269 align:start position:0%
uh education programs that they put into
place<00:26:50.159><c> many</c><00:26:50.400><c> years</c><00:26:50.640><c> ago</c><00:26:50.880><c> that</c><00:26:51.039><c> are</c>

00:26:51.269 --> 00:26:51.279 align:start position:0%
place many years ago that are
 

00:26:51.279 --> 00:26:54.070 align:start position:0%
place many years ago that are
still<00:26:51.600><c> active</c><00:26:52.240><c> and</c><00:26:52.799><c> done</c><00:26:53.440><c> pretty</c><00:26:53.679><c> much</c><00:26:53.840><c> in</c><00:26:54.000><c> the</c>

00:26:54.070 --> 00:26:54.080 align:start position:0%
still active and done pretty much in the
 

00:26:54.080 --> 00:26:55.590 align:start position:0%
still active and done pretty much in the
same<00:26:54.320><c> way</c><00:26:54.559><c> and</c><00:26:54.799><c> students</c><00:26:55.200><c> still</c>

00:26:55.590 --> 00:26:55.600 align:start position:0%
same way and students still
 

00:26:55.600 --> 00:26:58.230 align:start position:0%
same way and students still
love<00:26:55.840><c> it</c><00:26:57.039><c> and</c><00:26:57.200><c> who</c><00:26:57.440><c> are</c><00:26:57.520><c> you</c><00:26:57.679><c> collaborating</c>

00:26:58.230 --> 00:26:58.240 align:start position:0%
love it and who are you collaborating
 

00:26:58.240 --> 00:26:59.510 align:start position:0%
love it and who are you collaborating
with

00:26:59.510 --> 00:26:59.520 align:start position:0%
with
 

00:26:59.520 --> 00:27:02.950 align:start position:0%
with
so<00:26:59.679><c> let's</c><00:26:59.919><c> see</c><00:27:00.480><c> uh</c><00:27:01.600><c> so</c>

00:27:02.950 --> 00:27:02.960 align:start position:0%
so let's see uh so
 

00:27:02.960 --> 00:27:05.510 align:start position:0%
so let's see uh so
so<00:27:03.200><c> maybe</c><00:27:03.520><c> first</c><00:27:03.760><c> i'll</c><00:27:03.919><c> mention</c><00:27:04.320><c> at</c><00:27:04.720><c> stanford</c>

00:27:05.510 --> 00:27:05.520 align:start position:0%
so maybe first i'll mention at stanford
 

00:27:05.520 --> 00:27:07.669 align:start position:0%
so maybe first i'll mention at stanford
my<00:27:05.919><c> my</c><00:27:06.159><c> biggest</c><00:27:06.559><c> collaborative</c><00:27:07.120><c> project</c>

00:27:07.669 --> 00:27:07.679 align:start position:0%
my my biggest collaborative project
 

00:27:07.679 --> 00:27:09.430 align:start position:0%
my my biggest collaborative project
is<00:27:07.760><c> one</c><00:27:07.919><c> of</c><00:27:08.000><c> these</c><00:27:08.400><c> national</c><00:27:08.799><c> robotics</c>

00:27:09.430 --> 00:27:09.440 align:start position:0%
is one of these national robotics
 

00:27:09.440 --> 00:27:11.269 align:start position:0%
is one of these national robotics
initiative<00:27:10.000><c> large</c><00:27:10.480><c> projects</c>

00:27:11.269 --> 00:27:11.279 align:start position:0%
initiative large projects
 

00:27:11.279 --> 00:27:14.630 align:start position:0%
initiative large projects
um<00:27:12.320><c> and</c><00:27:12.799><c> uh</c><00:27:13.279><c> there's</c><00:27:13.840><c> actually</c>

00:27:14.630 --> 00:27:14.640 align:start position:0%
um and uh there's actually
 

00:27:14.640 --> 00:27:16.390 align:start position:0%
um and uh there's actually
no<00:27:14.799><c> one</c><00:27:14.960><c> else</c><00:27:15.120><c> at</c><00:27:15.200><c> stanford</c><00:27:15.679><c> on</c><00:27:15.760><c> that</c><00:27:16.000><c> project</c>

00:27:16.390 --> 00:27:16.400 align:start position:0%
no one else at stanford on that project
 

00:27:16.400 --> 00:27:17.990 align:start position:0%
no one else at stanford on that project
because<00:27:16.720><c> it's</c><00:27:16.880><c> all</c><00:27:17.039><c> over</c><00:27:17.360><c> it's</c><00:27:17.520><c> uh</c><00:27:17.679><c> peter</c>

00:27:17.990 --> 00:27:18.000 align:start position:0%
because it's all over it's uh peter
 

00:27:18.000 --> 00:27:20.149 align:start position:0%
because it's all over it's uh peter
appeal<00:27:18.399><c> and</c><00:27:18.480><c> ken</c><00:27:18.720><c> goldberg</c><00:27:19.200><c> at</c><00:27:19.360><c> berkeley</c><00:27:19.919><c> greg</c>

00:27:20.149 --> 00:27:20.159 align:start position:0%
appeal and ken goldberg at berkeley greg
 

00:27:20.159 --> 00:27:21.909 align:start position:0%
appeal and ken goldberg at berkeley greg
hagar<00:27:20.640><c> and</c><00:27:20.880><c> hopkins</c>

00:27:21.909 --> 00:27:21.919 align:start position:0%
hagar and hopkins
 

00:27:21.919 --> 00:27:23.350 align:start position:0%
hagar and hopkins
like<00:27:22.080><c> hannaford</c><00:27:22.640><c> at</c><00:27:22.720><c> university</c><00:27:23.279><c> of</c>

00:27:23.350 --> 00:27:23.360 align:start position:0%
like hannaford at university of
 

00:27:23.360 --> 00:27:25.590 align:start position:0%
like hannaford at university of
washington<00:27:24.159><c> and</c><00:27:24.399><c> jacob</c><00:27:24.799><c> rosen</c>

00:27:25.590 --> 00:27:25.600 align:start position:0%
washington and jacob rosen
 

00:27:25.600 --> 00:27:27.830 align:start position:0%
washington and jacob rosen
at<00:27:25.760><c> uc</c><00:27:26.159><c> santa</c><00:27:26.480><c> cruz</c><00:27:26.880><c> although</c><00:27:27.200><c> i</c><00:27:27.279><c> think</c><00:27:27.440><c> he's</c>

00:27:27.830 --> 00:27:27.840 align:start position:0%
at uc santa cruz although i think he's
 

00:27:27.840 --> 00:27:30.789 align:start position:0%
at uc santa cruz although i think he's
just<00:27:28.080><c> about</c><00:27:28.320><c> to</c><00:27:28.480><c> move</c><00:27:28.799><c> or</c><00:27:28.880><c> has</c><00:27:29.120><c> moved</c><00:27:29.360><c> to</c><00:27:29.520><c> ucla</c>

00:27:30.789 --> 00:27:30.799 align:start position:0%
just about to move or has moved to ucla
 

00:27:30.799 --> 00:27:33.669 align:start position:0%
just about to move or has moved to ucla
uh<00:27:31.279><c> so</c><00:27:31.679><c> there's</c><00:27:32.080><c> this</c><00:27:32.320><c> yeah</c><00:27:32.640><c> very</c><00:27:33.039><c> big</c><00:27:33.440><c> group</c>

00:27:33.669 --> 00:27:33.679 align:start position:0%
uh so there's this yeah very big group
 

00:27:33.679 --> 00:27:36.070 align:start position:0%
uh so there's this yeah very big group
of<00:27:33.840><c> people</c><00:27:34.159><c> that</c><00:27:34.320><c> we</c><00:27:34.399><c> have</c><00:27:34.720><c> on</c><00:27:34.880><c> this</c><00:27:35.200><c> uh</c>

00:27:36.070 --> 00:27:36.080 align:start position:0%
of people that we have on this uh
 

00:27:36.080 --> 00:27:39.750 align:start position:0%
of people that we have on this uh
national<00:27:36.399><c> robotics</c><00:27:36.799><c> initiative</c><00:27:37.360><c> project</c><00:27:38.320><c> um</c>

00:27:39.750 --> 00:27:39.760 align:start position:0%
national robotics initiative project um
 

00:27:39.760 --> 00:27:43.029 align:start position:0%
national robotics initiative project um
grant<00:27:40.320><c> wise</c><00:27:41.120><c> uh</c><00:27:41.760><c> most</c><00:27:42.000><c> of</c><00:27:42.159><c> my</c><00:27:42.399><c> collaborations</c>

00:27:43.029 --> 00:27:43.039 align:start position:0%
grant wise uh most of my collaborations
 

00:27:43.039 --> 00:27:45.029 align:start position:0%
grant wise uh most of my collaborations
that<00:27:43.200><c> are</c><00:27:43.279><c> sort</c><00:27:43.440><c> of</c><00:27:43.600><c> officially</c><00:27:44.159><c> unfunded</c>

00:27:45.029 --> 00:27:45.039 align:start position:0%
that are sort of officially unfunded
 

00:27:45.039 --> 00:27:48.070 align:start position:0%
that are sort of officially unfunded
uh<00:27:45.520><c> are</c><00:27:46.159><c> are</c><00:27:46.559><c> sort</c><00:27:46.720><c> of</c><00:27:47.120><c> with</c><00:27:47.360><c> folks</c><00:27:47.679><c> in</c><00:27:48.000><c> the</c>

00:27:48.070 --> 00:27:48.080 align:start position:0%
uh are are sort of with folks in the
 

00:27:48.080 --> 00:27:48.710 align:start position:0%
uh are are sort of with folks in the
medical

00:27:48.710 --> 00:27:48.720 align:start position:0%
medical
 

00:27:48.720 --> 00:27:52.070 align:start position:0%
medical
side<00:27:49.200><c> so</c><00:27:49.919><c> uh</c><00:27:50.320><c> mds</c><00:27:50.960><c> who</c><00:27:51.279><c> who</c><00:27:51.520><c> are</c><00:27:51.600><c> clinicians</c>

00:27:52.070 --> 00:27:52.080 align:start position:0%
side so uh mds who who are clinicians
 

00:27:52.080 --> 00:27:53.830 align:start position:0%
side so uh mds who who are clinicians
that<00:27:52.240><c> work</c><00:27:52.399><c> with</c><00:27:52.480><c> us</c><00:27:52.640><c> on</c><00:27:52.799><c> our</c><00:27:52.960><c> projects</c>

00:27:53.830 --> 00:27:53.840 align:start position:0%
that work with us on our projects
 

00:27:53.840 --> 00:27:56.230 align:start position:0%
that work with us on our projects
uh<00:27:54.159><c> but</c><00:27:54.320><c> that</c><00:27:54.559><c> said</c><00:27:54.960><c> uh</c><00:27:55.360><c> you</c><00:27:55.520><c> know</c><00:27:55.679><c> sort</c><00:27:55.840><c> of</c><00:27:56.000><c> off</c>

00:27:56.230 --> 00:27:56.240 align:start position:0%
uh but that said uh you know sort of off
 

00:27:56.240 --> 00:27:57.190 align:start position:0%
uh but that said uh you know sort of off
the<00:27:56.320><c> books</c><00:27:56.640><c> just</c>

00:27:57.190 --> 00:27:57.200 align:start position:0%
the books just
 

00:27:57.200 --> 00:27:59.269 align:start position:0%
the books just
collaborating<00:27:58.240><c> uh</c><00:27:58.559><c> i've</c><00:27:58.799><c> we've</c><00:27:59.039><c> done</c><00:27:59.200><c> some</c>

00:27:59.269 --> 00:27:59.279 align:start position:0%
collaborating uh i've we've done some
 

00:27:59.279 --> 00:28:00.630 align:start position:0%
collaborating uh i've we've done some
work<00:27:59.520><c> with</c><00:27:59.600><c> my</c><00:27:59.760><c> former</c><00:28:00.080><c> advisor</c>

00:28:00.630 --> 00:28:00.640 align:start position:0%
work with my former advisor
 

00:28:00.640 --> 00:28:04.549 align:start position:0%
work with my former advisor
mark<00:28:00.880><c> kakoski</c><00:28:02.640><c> and</c><00:28:03.360><c> usama</c><00:28:03.840><c> katib</c>

00:28:04.549 --> 00:28:04.559 align:start position:0%
mark kakoski and usama katib
 

00:28:04.559 --> 00:28:08.310 align:start position:0%
mark kakoski and usama katib
also<00:28:05.039><c> in</c><00:28:05.360><c> computer</c><00:28:05.840><c> science</c>

00:28:08.310 --> 00:28:08.320 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:28:08.320 --> 00:28:10.389 align:start position:0%
 
great<00:28:08.559><c> and</c><00:28:08.799><c> um</c><00:28:09.520><c> so</c><00:28:09.679><c> you</c><00:28:09.760><c> mentioned</c><00:28:10.080><c> some</c><00:28:10.240><c> of</c>

00:28:10.389 --> 00:28:10.399 align:start position:0%
great and um so you mentioned some of
 

00:28:10.399 --> 00:28:11.830 align:start position:0%
great and um so you mentioned some of
your<00:28:10.559><c> graduate</c><00:28:11.039><c> students</c><00:28:11.440><c> yeah</c>

00:28:11.830 --> 00:28:11.840 align:start position:0%
your graduate students yeah
 

00:28:11.840 --> 00:28:13.110 align:start position:0%
your graduate students yeah
there<00:28:11.919><c> are</c><00:28:12.080><c> others</c><00:28:12.320><c> that</c><00:28:12.399><c> are</c><00:28:12.559><c> working</c><00:28:12.880><c> in</c>

00:28:13.110 --> 00:28:13.120 align:start position:0%
there are others that are working in
 

00:28:13.120 --> 00:28:14.870 align:start position:0%
there are others that are working in
robotics

00:28:14.870 --> 00:28:14.880 align:start position:0%
robotics
 

00:28:14.880 --> 00:28:18.789 align:start position:0%
robotics
yeah<00:28:15.440><c> absolutely</c><00:28:16.399><c> so</c><00:28:16.960><c> um</c>

00:28:18.789 --> 00:28:18.799 align:start position:0%
yeah absolutely so um
 

00:28:18.799 --> 00:28:21.269 align:start position:0%
yeah absolutely so um
in<00:28:18.960><c> addition</c><00:28:19.279><c> so</c><00:28:19.360><c> i</c><00:28:19.440><c> mentioned</c><00:28:19.840><c> bob</c><00:28:20.240><c> webster</c>

00:28:21.269 --> 00:28:21.279 align:start position:0%
in addition so i mentioned bob webster
 

00:28:21.279 --> 00:28:22.310 align:start position:0%
in addition so i mentioned bob webster
at<00:28:21.440><c> hopkins</c>

00:28:22.310 --> 00:28:22.320 align:start position:0%
at hopkins
 

00:28:22.320 --> 00:28:24.310 align:start position:0%
at hopkins
another<00:28:22.720><c> hopkins</c><00:28:23.200><c> student</c><00:28:23.520><c> i</c><00:28:23.679><c> had</c><00:28:24.000><c> that</c><00:28:24.159><c> was</c>

00:28:24.310 --> 00:28:24.320 align:start position:0%
another hopkins student i had that was
 

00:28:24.320 --> 00:28:26.389 align:start position:0%
another hopkins student i had that was
working<00:28:24.640><c> on</c><00:28:24.799><c> needle</c><00:28:25.039><c> steering</c><00:28:25.600><c> uh</c><00:28:25.840><c> sartok</c>

00:28:26.389 --> 00:28:26.399 align:start position:0%
working on needle steering uh sartok
 

00:28:26.399 --> 00:28:27.350 align:start position:0%
working on needle steering uh sartok
misra

00:28:27.350 --> 00:28:27.360 align:start position:0%
misra
 

00:28:27.360 --> 00:28:29.269 align:start position:0%
misra
who<00:28:27.919><c> is</c><00:28:28.000><c> a</c><00:28:28.080><c> professor</c><00:28:28.480><c> at</c><00:28:28.640><c> university</c><00:28:29.120><c> of</c>

00:28:29.269 --> 00:28:29.279 align:start position:0%
who is a professor at university of
 

00:28:29.279 --> 00:28:30.389 align:start position:0%
who is a professor at university of
tuente

00:28:30.389 --> 00:28:30.399 align:start position:0%
tuente
 

00:28:30.399 --> 00:28:33.110 align:start position:0%
tuente
um<00:28:30.799><c> and</c><00:28:30.960><c> he</c><00:28:31.600><c> did</c><00:28:31.840><c> a</c><00:28:32.000><c> lot</c><00:28:32.159><c> of</c><00:28:32.320><c> the</c><00:28:32.399><c> really</c><00:28:32.960><c> like</c>

00:28:33.110 --> 00:28:33.120 align:start position:0%
um and he did a lot of the really like
 

00:28:33.120 --> 00:28:35.269 align:start position:0%
um and he did a lot of the really like
how<00:28:33.279><c> do</c><00:28:33.360><c> you</c><00:28:33.679><c> model</c><00:28:34.000><c> the</c><00:28:34.159><c> needle</c><00:28:34.640><c> tissue</c>

00:28:35.269 --> 00:28:35.279 align:start position:0%
how do you model the needle tissue
 

00:28:35.279 --> 00:28:38.389 align:start position:0%
how do you model the needle tissue
interaction<00:28:36.480><c> and</c><00:28:36.799><c> uh</c><00:28:37.200><c> he's</c><00:28:37.360><c> still</c><00:28:37.840><c> extremely</c>

00:28:38.389 --> 00:28:38.399 align:start position:0%
interaction and uh he's still extremely
 

00:28:38.399 --> 00:28:39.110 align:start position:0%
interaction and uh he's still extremely
active

00:28:39.110 --> 00:28:39.120 align:start position:0%
active
 

00:28:39.120 --> 00:28:43.669 align:start position:0%
active
in<00:28:39.279><c> the</c><00:28:39.440><c> field</c><00:28:40.399><c> um</c><00:28:42.000><c> i</c><00:28:42.320><c> mentioned</c><00:28:42.720><c> jake</c><00:28:43.039><c> avid</c><00:28:43.520><c> at</c>

00:28:43.669 --> 00:28:43.679 align:start position:0%
in the field um i mentioned jake avid at
 

00:28:43.679 --> 00:28:46.149 align:start position:0%
in the field um i mentioned jake avid at
university<00:28:44.320><c> of</c><00:28:44.480><c> utah</c>

00:28:46.149 --> 00:28:46.159 align:start position:0%
university of utah
 

00:28:46.159 --> 00:28:49.350 align:start position:0%
university of utah
uh<00:28:47.520><c> a</c><00:28:48.159><c> student</c><00:28:48.399><c> that</c><00:28:48.640><c> was</c><00:28:48.640><c> a</c><00:28:48.880><c> student</c><00:28:49.120><c> that</c><00:28:49.200><c> was</c>

00:28:49.350 --> 00:28:49.360 align:start position:0%
uh a student that was a student that was
 

00:28:49.360 --> 00:28:51.669 align:start position:0%
uh a student that was a student that was
working<00:28:49.600><c> in</c><00:28:49.760><c> a</c><00:28:49.919><c> neuroscience</c>

00:28:51.669 --> 00:28:51.679 align:start position:0%
working in a neuroscience
 

00:28:51.679 --> 00:28:54.789 align:start position:0%
working in a neuroscience
area<00:28:52.080><c> at</c><00:28:52.240><c> johns</c><00:28:52.559><c> hopkins</c><00:28:53.039><c> is</c><00:28:53.200><c> david</c><00:28:53.600><c> grow</c><00:28:54.320><c> and</c>

00:28:54.789 --> 00:28:54.799 align:start position:0%
area at johns hopkins is david grow and
 

00:28:54.799 --> 00:28:59.110 align:start position:0%
area at johns hopkins is david grow and
he's<00:28:55.279><c> at</c><00:28:55.919><c> new</c><00:28:56.159><c> mexico</c><00:28:56.840><c> tech</c>

00:28:59.110 --> 00:28:59.120 align:start position:0%
he's at new mexico tech
 

00:28:59.120 --> 00:29:02.710 align:start position:0%
he's at new mexico tech
uh<00:29:00.240><c> several</c><00:29:00.720><c> of</c><00:29:00.799><c> my</c><00:29:01.039><c> former</c><00:29:02.000><c> students</c>

00:29:02.710 --> 00:29:02.720 align:start position:0%
uh several of my former students
 

00:29:02.720 --> 00:29:05.510 align:start position:0%
uh several of my former students
in<00:29:02.960><c> post-oxide</c><00:29:04.000><c> so</c><00:29:04.320><c> catherine</c><00:29:04.799><c> kukenbecker</c>

00:29:05.510 --> 00:29:05.520 align:start position:0%
in post-oxide so catherine kukenbecker
 

00:29:05.520 --> 00:29:06.470 align:start position:0%
in post-oxide so catherine kukenbecker
was<00:29:05.679><c> a</c><00:29:05.760><c> post-doc</c>

00:29:06.470 --> 00:29:06.480 align:start position:0%
was a post-doc
 

00:29:06.480 --> 00:29:08.710 align:start position:0%
was a post-doc
working<00:29:06.880><c> on</c><00:29:07.760><c> things</c><00:29:08.000><c> related</c><00:29:08.320><c> to</c><00:29:08.480><c> touch</c>

00:29:08.710 --> 00:29:08.720 align:start position:0%
working on things related to touch
 

00:29:08.720 --> 00:29:10.149 align:start position:0%
working on things related to touch
feedback<00:29:09.120><c> and</c><00:29:09.279><c> prosthetics</c><00:29:09.840><c> she's</c><00:29:10.080><c> a</c>

00:29:10.149 --> 00:29:10.159 align:start position:0%
feedback and prosthetics she's a
 

00:29:10.159 --> 00:29:12.789 align:start position:0%
feedback and prosthetics she's a
professor<00:29:10.640><c> at</c><00:29:10.720><c> u</c><00:29:10.960><c> penn</c>

00:29:12.789 --> 00:29:12.799 align:start position:0%
professor at u penn
 

00:29:12.799 --> 00:29:14.789 align:start position:0%
professor at u penn
another<00:29:13.200><c> former</c><00:29:13.679><c> postdoc</c><00:29:14.240><c> who</c><00:29:14.399><c> worked</c><00:29:14.720><c> on</c>

00:29:14.789 --> 00:29:14.799 align:start position:0%
another former postdoc who worked on
 

00:29:14.799 --> 00:29:17.110 align:start position:0%
another former postdoc who worked on
needle<00:29:15.120><c> steering</c><00:29:15.600><c> is</c><00:29:15.840><c> kyle</c><00:29:16.320><c> reed</c>

00:29:17.110 --> 00:29:17.120 align:start position:0%
needle steering is kyle reed
 

00:29:17.120 --> 00:29:23.110 align:start position:0%
needle steering is kyle reed
who<00:29:17.520><c> is</c><00:29:17.760><c> at</c><00:29:18.640><c> university</c><00:29:19.279><c> of</c><00:29:19.520><c> south</c><00:29:20.000><c> florida</c>

00:29:23.110 --> 00:29:23.120 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:29:23.120 --> 00:29:25.110 align:start position:0%
 
and<00:29:23.919><c> a</c><00:29:24.080><c> couple</c><00:29:24.320><c> of</c><00:29:24.320><c> my</c><00:29:24.480><c> other</c><00:29:24.640><c> students</c><00:29:24.960><c> in</c>

00:29:25.110 --> 00:29:25.120 align:start position:0%
and a couple of my other students in
 

00:29:25.120 --> 00:29:27.430 align:start position:0%
and a couple of my other students in
post-docs<00:29:26.000><c> are</c><00:29:26.240><c> actually</c><00:29:26.799><c> at</c>

00:29:27.430 --> 00:29:27.440 align:start position:0%
post-docs are actually at
 

00:29:27.440 --> 00:29:29.029 align:start position:0%
post-docs are actually at
various<00:29:27.760><c> medical</c><00:29:28.080><c> robotics</c><00:29:28.559><c> companies</c>

00:29:29.029 --> 00:29:29.039 align:start position:0%
various medical robotics companies
 

00:29:29.039 --> 00:29:31.190 align:start position:0%
various medical robotics companies
including<00:29:29.440><c> intuitive</c><00:29:29.919><c> surgical</c><00:29:30.480><c> which</c><00:29:30.799><c> makes</c>

00:29:31.190 --> 00:29:31.200 align:start position:0%
including intuitive surgical which makes
 

00:29:31.200 --> 00:29:33.990 align:start position:0%
including intuitive surgical which makes
the<00:29:31.440><c> da</c><00:29:31.600><c> vinci</c><00:29:31.919><c> surgical</c><00:29:32.320><c> robot</c><00:29:33.520><c> and</c><00:29:33.840><c> i've</c>

00:29:33.990 --> 00:29:34.000 align:start position:0%
the da vinci surgical robot and i've
 

00:29:34.000 --> 00:29:35.350 align:start position:0%
the da vinci surgical robot and i've
only<00:29:34.159><c> been</c><00:29:34.320><c> at</c><00:29:34.399><c> stanford</c><00:29:34.799><c> for</c><00:29:34.880><c> three</c><00:29:35.120><c> years</c>

00:29:35.350 --> 00:29:35.360 align:start position:0%
only been at stanford for three years
 

00:29:35.360 --> 00:29:36.789 align:start position:0%
only been at stanford for three years
and<00:29:35.520><c> so</c><00:29:35.679><c> they're</c><00:29:35.919><c> the</c><00:29:36.000><c> only</c><00:29:36.240><c> phd</c><00:29:36.559><c> students</c>

00:29:36.789 --> 00:29:36.799 align:start position:0%
and so they're the only phd students
 

00:29:36.799 --> 00:29:37.269 align:start position:0%
and so they're the only phd students
i've<00:29:36.960><c> grad</c>

00:29:37.269 --> 00:29:37.279 align:start position:0%
i've grad
 

00:29:37.279 --> 00:29:39.750 align:start position:0%
i've grad
student<00:29:37.520><c> i've</c><00:29:37.679><c> graduated</c><00:29:38.320><c> is</c><00:29:38.640><c> um</c><00:29:39.200><c> and</c><00:29:39.440><c> maya</c>

00:29:39.750 --> 00:29:39.760 align:start position:0%
student i've graduated is um and maya
 

00:29:39.760 --> 00:29:40.310 align:start position:0%
student i've graduated is um and maya
beach

00:29:40.310 --> 00:29:40.320 align:start position:0%
beach
 

00:29:40.320 --> 00:29:43.029 align:start position:0%
beach
and<00:29:40.559><c> she's</c><00:29:40.799><c> at</c><00:29:40.880><c> ut</c><00:29:41.200><c> dallas</c><00:29:42.480><c> so</c><00:29:42.559><c> i</c><00:29:42.640><c> have</c><00:29:42.720><c> several</c>

00:29:43.029 --> 00:29:43.039 align:start position:0%
and she's at ut dallas so i have several
 

00:29:43.039 --> 00:29:44.149 align:start position:0%
and she's at ut dallas so i have several
other<00:29:43.200><c> students</c><00:29:43.440><c> who've</c><00:29:43.600><c> graduated</c><00:29:44.080><c> of</c>

00:29:44.149 --> 00:29:44.159 align:start position:0%
other students who've graduated of
 

00:29:44.159 --> 00:29:45.269 align:start position:0%
other students who've graduated of
course<00:29:44.399><c> but</c><00:29:44.559><c> they're</c>

00:29:45.269 --> 00:29:45.279 align:start position:0%
course but they're
 

00:29:45.279 --> 00:29:50.870 align:start position:0%
course but they're
either<00:29:45.679><c> in</c><00:29:45.919><c> in</c><00:29:46.080><c> postdocs</c><00:29:46.640><c> or</c><00:29:47.120><c> companies</c>

00:29:50.870 --> 00:29:50.880 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:29:50.880 --> 00:29:59.590 align:start position:0%
 
great<00:29:51.279><c> and</c><00:29:52.840><c> um</c>

00:29:59.590 --> 00:29:59.600 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:29:59.600 --> 00:30:03.510 align:start position:0%
 
um<00:30:00.159><c> so</c><00:30:01.360><c> right</c><00:30:01.679><c> so</c><00:30:02.080><c> um</c>

00:30:03.510 --> 00:30:03.520 align:start position:0%
um so right so um
 

00:30:03.520 --> 00:30:04.789 align:start position:0%
um so right so um
when<00:30:03.679><c> did</c><00:30:03.760><c> you</c><00:30:03.919><c> become</c><00:30:04.159><c> involved</c><00:30:04.559><c> with</c><00:30:04.640><c> the</c>

00:30:04.789 --> 00:30:04.799 align:start position:0%
when did you become involved with the
 

00:30:04.799 --> 00:30:06.630 align:start position:0%
when did you become involved with the
ieee<00:30:05.600><c> and</c>

00:30:06.630 --> 00:30:06.640 align:start position:0%
ieee and
 

00:30:06.640 --> 00:30:08.549 align:start position:0%
ieee and
some<00:30:06.799><c> of</c><00:30:06.960><c> the</c><00:30:07.039><c> more</c><00:30:07.440><c> kind</c><00:30:07.600><c> of</c><00:30:07.760><c> organization</c><00:30:08.480><c> of</c>

00:30:08.549 --> 00:30:08.559 align:start position:0%
some of the more kind of organization of
 

00:30:08.559 --> 00:30:11.110 align:start position:0%
some of the more kind of organization of
the<00:30:08.799><c> field</c>

00:30:11.110 --> 00:30:11.120 align:start position:0%
the field
 

00:30:11.120 --> 00:30:14.870 align:start position:0%
the field
so<00:30:12.000><c> i</c><00:30:12.080><c> know</c><00:30:12.320><c> my</c><00:30:12.559><c> first</c><00:30:13.200><c> uh</c><00:30:13.840><c> very</c><00:30:14.240><c> first</c>

00:30:14.870 --> 00:30:14.880 align:start position:0%
so i know my first uh very first
 

00:30:14.880 --> 00:30:16.630 align:start position:0%
so i know my first uh very first
time<00:30:15.120><c> i</c><00:30:15.279><c> got</c><00:30:15.520><c> involved</c><00:30:15.760><c> with</c><00:30:16.000><c> a</c><00:30:16.080><c> conference</c><00:30:16.559><c> i</c>

00:30:16.630 --> 00:30:16.640 align:start position:0%
time i got involved with a conference i
 

00:30:16.640 --> 00:30:18.230 align:start position:0%
time i got involved with a conference i
guess<00:30:16.799><c> was</c><00:30:16.960><c> not</c><00:30:17.120><c> an</c><00:30:17.279><c> ieee</c>

00:30:18.230 --> 00:30:18.240 align:start position:0%
guess was not an ieee
 

00:30:18.240 --> 00:30:22.630 align:start position:0%
guess was not an ieee
conference<00:30:19.039><c> but</c><00:30:19.360><c> um</c><00:30:20.840><c> i</c>

00:30:22.630 --> 00:30:22.640 align:start position:0%
conference but um i
 

00:30:22.640 --> 00:30:24.630 align:start position:0%
conference but um i
first<00:30:22.880><c> went</c><00:30:23.039><c> to</c><00:30:23.120><c> an</c><00:30:23.279><c> ieee</c><00:30:23.919><c> conference</c><00:30:24.399><c> and</c><00:30:24.480><c> i</c>

00:30:24.630 --> 00:30:24.640 align:start position:0%
first went to an ieee conference and i
 

00:30:24.640 --> 00:30:26.389 align:start position:0%
first went to an ieee conference and i
think<00:30:24.799><c> 97</c><00:30:25.520><c> to</c><00:30:25.679><c> present</c><00:30:26.000><c> my</c>

00:30:26.389 --> 00:30:26.399 align:start position:0%
think 97 to present my
 

00:30:26.399 --> 00:30:29.510 align:start position:0%
think 97 to present my
my<00:30:26.559><c> first</c><00:30:26.880><c> conference</c><00:30:27.360><c> paper</c><00:30:28.799><c> and</c>

00:30:29.510 --> 00:30:29.520 align:start position:0%
my first conference paper and
 

00:30:29.520 --> 00:30:32.950 align:start position:0%
my first conference paper and
uh<00:30:30.880><c> and</c><00:30:31.120><c> then</c><00:30:31.840><c> uh</c><00:30:32.240><c> in</c><00:30:32.320><c> terms</c><00:30:32.640><c> of</c>

00:30:32.950 --> 00:30:32.960 align:start position:0%
uh and then uh in terms of
 

00:30:32.960 --> 00:30:36.310 align:start position:0%
uh and then uh in terms of
getting<00:30:33.200><c> involved</c><00:30:33.600><c> in</c><00:30:34.000><c> organization</c><00:30:35.120><c> um</c>

00:30:36.310 --> 00:30:36.320 align:start position:0%
getting involved in organization um
 

00:30:36.320 --> 00:30:39.430 align:start position:0%
getting involved in organization um
that<00:30:36.880><c> that</c><00:30:38.640><c> there</c><00:30:38.799><c> was</c><00:30:39.039><c> an</c>

00:30:39.430 --> 00:30:39.440 align:start position:0%
that that there was an
 

00:30:39.440 --> 00:30:43.750 align:start position:0%
that that there was an
ieee<00:30:41.440><c> icra</c><00:30:42.159><c> icra</c><00:30:42.880><c> conference</c>

00:30:43.750 --> 00:30:43.760 align:start position:0%
ieee icra icra conference
 

00:30:43.760 --> 00:30:46.789 align:start position:0%
ieee icra icra conference
in<00:30:44.559><c> in</c><00:30:44.880><c> around</c><00:30:45.200><c> washington</c><00:30:45.760><c> dc</c><00:30:46.320><c> when</c><00:30:46.480><c> i</c><00:30:46.559><c> was</c><00:30:46.720><c> an</c>

00:30:46.789 --> 00:30:46.799 align:start position:0%
in in around washington dc when i was an
 

00:30:46.799 --> 00:30:48.389 align:start position:0%
in in around washington dc when i was an
assistant<00:30:47.120><c> professor</c><00:30:47.679><c> and</c><00:30:47.840><c> i</c><00:30:47.919><c> think</c><00:30:48.080><c> this</c><00:30:48.240><c> was</c>

00:30:48.389 --> 00:30:48.399 align:start position:0%
assistant professor and i think this was
 

00:30:48.399 --> 00:30:48.830 align:start position:0%
assistant professor and i think this was
about

00:30:48.830 --> 00:30:48.840 align:start position:0%
about
 

00:30:48.840 --> 00:30:52.310 align:start position:0%
about
2002.<00:30:50.080><c> or</c><00:30:50.320><c> so</c><00:30:51.120><c> and</c><00:30:51.279><c> so</c><00:30:51.520><c> i</c><00:30:51.679><c> wound</c><00:30:52.000><c> up</c>

00:30:52.310 --> 00:30:52.320 align:start position:0%
2002. or so and so i wound up
 

00:30:52.320 --> 00:30:55.830 align:start position:0%
2002. or so and so i wound up
um<00:30:53.039><c> helping</c><00:30:53.440><c> out</c><00:30:54.000><c> with</c><00:30:54.559><c> local</c><00:30:54.960><c> arrangements</c>

00:30:55.830 --> 00:30:55.840 align:start position:0%
um helping out with local arrangements
 

00:30:55.840 --> 00:30:59.190 align:start position:0%
um helping out with local arrangements
and<00:30:56.080><c> things</c><00:30:56.720><c> and</c><00:30:58.000><c> i</c><00:30:58.240><c> then</c><00:30:58.480><c> became</c>

00:30:59.190 --> 00:30:59.200 align:start position:0%
and things and i then became
 

00:30:59.200 --> 00:31:00.950 align:start position:0%
and things and i then became
more<00:30:59.440><c> involved</c><00:31:00.080><c> i</c><00:31:00.159><c> guess</c><00:31:00.399><c> there's</c><00:31:00.640><c> a</c><00:31:00.720><c> sort</c><00:31:00.880><c> of</c>

00:31:00.950 --> 00:31:00.960 align:start position:0%
more involved i guess there's a sort of
 

00:31:00.960 --> 00:31:02.549 align:start position:0%
more involved i guess there's a sort of
a<00:31:01.039><c> subset</c><00:31:01.360><c> of</c><00:31:01.440><c> the</c><00:31:01.519><c> robotics</c><00:31:02.000><c> community</c><00:31:02.320><c> which</c>

00:31:02.549 --> 00:31:02.559 align:start position:0%
a subset of the robotics community which
 

00:31:02.559 --> 00:31:04.230 align:start position:0%
a subset of the robotics community which
also<00:31:02.799><c> brings</c><00:31:03.120><c> in</c><00:31:03.279><c> psychology</c><00:31:03.760><c> to</c><00:31:03.919><c> people</c><00:31:04.080><c> from</c>

00:31:04.230 --> 00:31:04.240 align:start position:0%
also brings in psychology to people from
 

00:31:04.240 --> 00:31:05.590 align:start position:0%
also brings in psychology to people from
other<00:31:04.399><c> fields</c><00:31:04.640><c> which</c><00:31:04.799><c> is</c><00:31:04.880><c> the</c><00:31:05.039><c> haptics</c>

00:31:05.590 --> 00:31:05.600 align:start position:0%
other fields which is the haptics
 

00:31:05.600 --> 00:31:06.789 align:start position:0%
other fields which is the haptics
research<00:31:06.000><c> community</c>

00:31:06.789 --> 00:31:06.799 align:start position:0%
research community
 

00:31:06.799 --> 00:31:08.710 align:start position:0%
research community
and<00:31:07.039><c> i</c><00:31:07.120><c> became</c><00:31:07.519><c> very</c><00:31:07.760><c> involved</c><00:31:08.320><c> in</c><00:31:08.480><c> sort</c><00:31:08.640><c> of</c>

00:31:08.710 --> 00:31:08.720 align:start position:0%
and i became very involved in sort of
 

00:31:08.720 --> 00:31:10.310 align:start position:0%
and i became very involved in sort of
program<00:31:09.120><c> committees</c><00:31:09.519><c> and</c><00:31:09.600><c> leadership</c><00:31:10.159><c> in</c>

00:31:10.310 --> 00:31:10.320 align:start position:0%
program committees and leadership in
 

00:31:10.320 --> 00:31:10.710 align:start position:0%
program committees and leadership in
that

00:31:10.710 --> 00:31:10.720 align:start position:0%
that
 

00:31:10.720 --> 00:31:13.430 align:start position:0%
that
and<00:31:10.960><c> that</c><00:31:11.279><c> did</c><00:31:12.320><c> used</c><00:31:12.480><c> to</c><00:31:12.640><c> be</c><00:31:12.799><c> asme</c><00:31:13.360><c> the</c>

00:31:13.430 --> 00:31:13.440 align:start position:0%
and that did used to be asme the
 

00:31:13.440 --> 00:31:14.630 align:start position:0%
and that did used to be asme the
american<00:31:13.679><c> society</c><00:31:13.840><c> of</c><00:31:13.919><c> mechanical</c><00:31:14.240><c> engineers</c>

00:31:14.630 --> 00:31:14.640 align:start position:0%
american society of mechanical engineers
 

00:31:14.640 --> 00:31:17.269 align:start position:0%
american society of mechanical engineers
had<00:31:14.720><c> switched</c><00:31:15.120><c> over</c><00:31:15.279><c> to</c><00:31:15.440><c> ieee</c>

00:31:17.269 --> 00:31:17.279 align:start position:0%
had switched over to ieee
 

00:31:17.279 --> 00:31:20.549 align:start position:0%
had switched over to ieee
and<00:31:17.679><c> i</c><00:31:17.760><c> was</c><00:31:18.080><c> a</c><00:31:19.200><c> co-chair</c><00:31:19.760><c> of</c><00:31:19.840><c> that</c><00:31:20.080><c> conference</c>

00:31:20.549 --> 00:31:20.559 align:start position:0%
and i was a co-chair of that conference
 

00:31:20.559 --> 00:31:22.070 align:start position:0%
and i was a co-chair of that conference
for<00:31:20.720><c> a</c><00:31:20.799><c> couple</c><00:31:21.039><c> of</c><00:31:21.120><c> years</c><00:31:21.519><c> on</c><00:31:21.600><c> the</c><00:31:21.760><c> program</c>

00:31:22.070 --> 00:31:22.080 align:start position:0%
for a couple of years on the program
 

00:31:22.080 --> 00:31:24.549 align:start position:0%
for a couple of years on the program
committee<00:31:22.640><c> for</c><00:31:22.799><c> many</c><00:31:23.039><c> years</c>

00:31:24.549 --> 00:31:24.559 align:start position:0%
committee for many years
 

00:31:24.559 --> 00:31:27.750 align:start position:0%
committee for many years
and<00:31:25.360><c> at</c><00:31:25.519><c> this</c><00:31:25.679><c> time</c><00:31:26.000><c> i'm</c><00:31:26.320><c> very</c><00:31:26.640><c> involved</c><00:31:27.279><c> in</c>

00:31:27.750 --> 00:31:27.760 align:start position:0%
and at this time i'm very involved in
 

00:31:27.760 --> 00:31:29.590 align:start position:0%
and at this time i'm very involved in
ieee

00:31:29.590 --> 00:31:29.600 align:start position:0%
ieee
 

00:31:29.600 --> 00:31:31.750 align:start position:0%
ieee
i'm<00:31:29.760><c> the</c><00:31:29.919><c> editor-in-chief</c><00:31:30.640><c> of</c><00:31:30.799><c> icra</c><00:31:31.440><c> starting</c>

00:31:31.750 --> 00:31:31.760 align:start position:0%
i'm the editor-in-chief of icra starting
 

00:31:31.760 --> 00:31:32.789 align:start position:0%
i'm the editor-in-chief of icra starting
in<00:31:31.919><c> 2015</c>

00:31:32.789 --> 00:31:32.799 align:start position:0%
in 2015
 

00:31:32.799 --> 00:31:34.230 align:start position:0%
in 2015
so<00:31:32.960><c> it</c><00:31:33.120><c> actually</c><00:31:33.440><c> starts</c><00:31:33.760><c> now</c><00:31:34.000><c> because</c><00:31:34.159><c> this</c>

00:31:34.230 --> 00:31:34.240 align:start position:0%
so it actually starts now because this
 

00:31:34.240 --> 00:31:35.590 align:start position:0%
so it actually starts now because this
is<00:31:34.320><c> when</c><00:31:34.480><c> the</c><00:31:34.559><c> papers</c><00:31:34.960><c> are</c><00:31:35.039><c> being</c><00:31:35.200><c> submitted</c>

00:31:35.590 --> 00:31:35.600 align:start position:0%
is when the papers are being submitted
 

00:31:35.600 --> 00:31:35.990 align:start position:0%
is when the papers are being submitted
and

00:31:35.990 --> 00:31:36.000 align:start position:0%
and
 

00:31:36.000 --> 00:31:38.310 align:start position:0%
and
that's<00:31:36.240><c> a</c><00:31:36.399><c> three-year</c><00:31:37.840><c> conference</c>

00:31:38.310 --> 00:31:38.320 align:start position:0%
that's a three-year conference
 

00:31:38.320 --> 00:31:39.509 align:start position:0%
that's a three-year conference
commitment

00:31:39.509 --> 00:31:39.519 align:start position:0%
commitment
 

00:31:39.519 --> 00:31:42.870 align:start position:0%
commitment
and<00:31:40.320><c> so</c><00:31:41.679><c> i've</c><00:31:41.840><c> been</c><00:31:41.919><c> an</c><00:31:42.000><c> associate</c><00:31:42.480><c> editor</c><00:31:42.799><c> of</c>

00:31:42.870 --> 00:31:42.880 align:start position:0%
and so i've been an associate editor of
 

00:31:42.880 --> 00:31:45.430 align:start position:0%
and so i've been an associate editor of
the<00:31:42.960><c> ieee</c><00:31:43.600><c> transactions</c><00:31:44.080><c> on</c><00:31:44.240><c> haptics</c>

00:31:45.430 --> 00:31:45.440 align:start position:0%
the ieee transactions on haptics
 

00:31:45.440 --> 00:31:47.990 align:start position:0%
the ieee transactions on haptics
so<00:31:45.840><c> and</c><00:31:46.000><c> then</c><00:31:46.320><c> among</c><00:31:46.640><c> another</c><00:31:47.360><c> numerous</c><00:31:47.760><c> other</c>

00:31:47.990 --> 00:31:48.000 align:start position:0%
so and then among another numerous other
 

00:31:48.000 --> 00:31:50.630 align:start position:0%
so and then among another numerous other
little<00:31:48.320><c> little</c><00:31:48.559><c> committees</c>

00:31:50.630 --> 00:31:50.640 align:start position:0%
little little committees
 

00:31:50.640 --> 00:31:52.950 align:start position:0%
little little committees
and<00:31:50.960><c> and</c><00:31:51.200><c> you've</c><00:31:51.760><c> kind</c><00:31:51.919><c> of</c><00:31:52.080><c> maintained</c><00:31:52.559><c> your</c>

00:31:52.950 --> 00:31:52.960 align:start position:0%
and and you've kind of maintained your
 

00:31:52.960 --> 00:31:55.750 align:start position:0%
and and you've kind of maintained your
identity<00:31:53.519><c> with</c><00:31:53.760><c> mechanical</c><00:31:54.399><c> engineering</c>

00:31:55.750 --> 00:31:55.760 align:start position:0%
identity with mechanical engineering
 

00:31:55.760 --> 00:31:57.750 align:start position:0%
identity with mechanical engineering
as<00:31:55.919><c> you've</c><00:31:56.159><c> come</c><00:31:56.399><c> through</c><00:31:56.640><c> robotics</c><00:31:57.519><c> that's</c>

00:31:57.750 --> 00:31:57.760 align:start position:0%
as you've come through robotics that's
 

00:31:57.760 --> 00:31:59.029 align:start position:0%
as you've come through robotics that's
right<00:31:58.080><c> yeah</c><00:31:58.320><c> i've</c><00:31:58.559><c> always</c><00:31:58.720><c> been</c><00:31:58.960><c> in</c><00:31:59.039><c> a</c>

00:31:59.029 --> 00:31:59.039 align:start position:0%
right yeah i've always been in a
 

00:31:59.039 --> 00:32:00.549 align:start position:0%
right yeah i've always been in a
mechanical<00:31:59.440><c> listening</c><00:31:59.760><c> department</c>

00:32:00.549 --> 00:32:00.559 align:start position:0%
mechanical listening department
 

00:32:00.559 --> 00:32:04.070 align:start position:0%
mechanical listening department
uh<00:32:01.200><c> and</c><00:32:01.679><c> uh</c><00:32:02.000><c> yes</c><00:32:02.240><c> trained</c><00:32:02.559><c> as</c><00:32:02.720><c> a</c><00:32:02.880><c> as</c><00:32:03.039><c> an</c><00:32:03.200><c> emmy</c>

00:32:04.070 --> 00:32:04.080 align:start position:0%
uh and uh yes trained as a as an emmy
 

00:32:04.080 --> 00:32:05.669 align:start position:0%
uh and uh yes trained as a as an emmy
and<00:32:04.320><c> are</c><00:32:04.399><c> you</c><00:32:04.559><c> still</c><00:32:04.720><c> involved</c><00:32:05.120><c> in</c><00:32:05.200><c> those</c>

00:32:05.669 --> 00:32:05.679 align:start position:0%
and are you still involved in those
 

00:32:05.679 --> 00:32:07.909 align:start position:0%
and are you still involved in those
other<00:32:05.919><c> professional</c><00:32:06.399><c> organizations</c>

00:32:07.909 --> 00:32:07.919 align:start position:0%
other professional organizations
 

00:32:07.919 --> 00:32:11.110 align:start position:0%
other professional organizations
not<00:32:08.559><c> not</c><00:32:08.960><c> much</c><00:32:09.679><c> uh</c><00:32:10.320><c> so</c><00:32:10.480><c> the</c><00:32:10.640><c> american</c><00:32:10.880><c> side</c>

00:32:11.110 --> 00:32:11.120 align:start position:0%
not not much uh so the american side
 

00:32:11.120 --> 00:32:12.710 align:start position:0%
not not much uh so the american side
mechanical<00:32:11.600><c> engineers</c>

00:32:12.710 --> 00:32:12.720 align:start position:0%
mechanical engineers
 

00:32:12.720 --> 00:32:15.110 align:start position:0%
mechanical engineers
didn't<00:32:13.039><c> have</c><00:32:13.519><c> a</c><00:32:13.679><c> ton</c><00:32:13.919><c> going</c><00:32:14.240><c> on</c><00:32:14.399><c> in</c><00:32:14.480><c> robotics</c>

00:32:15.110 --> 00:32:15.120 align:start position:0%
didn't have a ton going on in robotics
 

00:32:15.120 --> 00:32:16.710 align:start position:0%
didn't have a ton going on in robotics
and<00:32:15.200><c> especially</c><00:32:15.600><c> when</c><00:32:15.760><c> they</c><00:32:16.000><c> lost</c><00:32:16.399><c> the</c>

00:32:16.710 --> 00:32:16.720 align:start position:0%
and especially when they lost the
 

00:32:16.720 --> 00:32:17.430 align:start position:0%
and especially when they lost the
haptics

00:32:17.430 --> 00:32:17.440 align:start position:0%
haptics
 

00:32:17.440 --> 00:32:20.310 align:start position:0%
haptics
conference<00:32:18.559><c> but</c><00:32:18.720><c> they've</c><00:32:18.960><c> been</c><00:32:19.200><c> rebuilding</c>

00:32:20.310 --> 00:32:20.320 align:start position:0%
conference but they've been rebuilding
 

00:32:20.320 --> 00:32:22.310 align:start position:0%
conference but they've been rebuilding
and<00:32:20.559><c> so</c><00:32:20.880><c> you</c><00:32:21.039><c> know</c><00:32:21.120><c> i've</c><00:32:21.279><c> been</c><00:32:21.600><c> to</c>

00:32:22.310 --> 00:32:22.320 align:start position:0%
and so you know i've been to
 

00:32:22.320 --> 00:32:23.669 align:start position:0%
and so you know i've been to
we've<00:32:22.480><c> said</c><00:32:22.720><c> papers</c><00:32:23.120><c> to</c><00:32:23.279><c> a</c><00:32:23.360><c> couple</c><00:32:23.600><c> of</c>

00:32:23.669 --> 00:32:23.679 align:start position:0%
we've said papers to a couple of
 

00:32:23.679 --> 00:32:25.830 align:start position:0%
we've said papers to a couple of
conferences<00:32:24.399><c> but</c><00:32:24.559><c> in</c><00:32:24.640><c> terms</c><00:32:24.960><c> of</c><00:32:25.120><c> leadership</c>

00:32:25.830 --> 00:32:25.840 align:start position:0%
conferences but in terms of leadership
 

00:32:25.840 --> 00:32:28.070 align:start position:0%
conferences but in terms of leadership
i<00:32:26.240><c> haven't</c><00:32:26.559><c> really</c><00:32:26.799><c> participated</c><00:32:27.600><c> because</c>

00:32:28.070 --> 00:32:28.080 align:start position:0%
i haven't really participated because
 

00:32:28.080 --> 00:32:28.950 align:start position:0%
i haven't really participated because
most<00:32:28.480><c> of</c>

00:32:28.950 --> 00:32:28.960 align:start position:0%
most of
 

00:32:28.960 --> 00:32:31.110 align:start position:0%
most of
the<00:32:29.120><c> most</c><00:32:29.360><c> active</c><00:32:29.600><c> robotics</c><00:32:30.080><c> community</c><00:32:30.559><c> is</c><00:32:30.880><c> in</c>

00:32:31.110 --> 00:32:31.120 align:start position:0%
the most active robotics community is in
 

00:32:31.120 --> 00:32:31.990 align:start position:0%
the most active robotics community is in
ieee

00:32:31.990 --> 00:32:32.000 align:start position:0%
ieee
 

00:32:32.000 --> 00:32:34.470 align:start position:0%
ieee
so<00:32:32.240><c> so</c><00:32:32.399><c> this</c><00:32:32.640><c> is</c><00:32:32.720><c> where</c><00:32:32.880><c> it's</c><00:32:33.039><c> at</c><00:32:34.240><c> what</c><00:32:34.399><c> are</c>

00:32:34.470 --> 00:32:34.480 align:start position:0%
so so this is where it's at what are
 

00:32:34.480 --> 00:32:35.590 align:start position:0%
so so this is where it's at what are
your<00:32:34.559><c> thoughts</c><00:32:34.880><c> on</c><00:32:35.039><c> women</c><00:32:35.360><c> in</c>

00:32:35.590 --> 00:32:35.600 align:start position:0%
your thoughts on women in
 

00:32:35.600 --> 00:32:39.509 align:start position:0%
your thoughts on women in
engineering<00:32:36.240><c> and</c><00:32:36.399><c> women</c><00:32:36.640><c> in</c><00:32:36.799><c> robotics</c>

00:32:39.509 --> 00:32:39.519 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:32:39.519 --> 00:32:43.110 align:start position:0%
 
so<00:32:41.279><c> i</c><00:32:41.360><c> mean</c><00:32:40.840><c> i</c><00:32:41.840><c> think</c><00:32:42.080><c> it's</c><00:32:42.240><c> an</c><00:32:42.480><c> awesome</c><00:32:42.799><c> field</c>

00:32:43.110 --> 00:32:43.120 align:start position:0%
so i mean i think it's an awesome field
 

00:32:43.120 --> 00:32:43.509 align:start position:0%
so i mean i think it's an awesome field
for

00:32:43.509 --> 00:32:43.519 align:start position:0%
for
 

00:32:43.519 --> 00:32:45.590 align:start position:0%
for
women<00:32:43.919><c> because</c><00:32:44.399><c> there's</c><00:32:44.720><c> there's</c><00:32:44.960><c> so</c><00:32:45.120><c> many</c>

00:32:45.590 --> 00:32:45.600 align:start position:0%
women because there's there's so many
 

00:32:45.600 --> 00:32:47.350 align:start position:0%
women because there's there's so many
different<00:32:45.919><c> ways</c><00:32:46.159><c> to</c><00:32:46.240><c> contribute</c><00:32:46.799><c> and</c><00:32:46.960><c> so</c><00:32:47.120><c> many</c>

00:32:47.350 --> 00:32:47.360 align:start position:0%
different ways to contribute and so many
 

00:32:47.360 --> 00:32:48.870 align:start position:0%
different ways to contribute and so many
different<00:32:47.679><c> opportunities</c>

00:32:48.870 --> 00:32:48.880 align:start position:0%
different opportunities
 

00:32:48.880 --> 00:32:52.389 align:start position:0%
different opportunities
it's<00:32:49.279><c> uh</c><00:32:50.880><c> there</c><00:32:51.039><c> are</c><00:32:51.120><c> not</c><00:32:51.360><c> a</c><00:32:51.679><c> whole</c><00:32:51.919><c> lot</c><00:32:52.240><c> of</c>

00:32:52.389 --> 00:32:52.399 align:start position:0%
it's uh there are not a whole lot of
 

00:32:52.399 --> 00:32:52.950 align:start position:0%
it's uh there are not a whole lot of
women

00:32:52.950 --> 00:32:52.960 align:start position:0%
women
 

00:32:52.960 --> 00:32:55.830 align:start position:0%
women
in<00:32:53.200><c> robotics</c><00:32:55.039><c> one</c><00:32:55.200><c> of</c><00:32:55.279><c> the</c><00:32:55.360><c> things</c><00:32:55.600><c> i</c><00:32:55.679><c> love</c>

00:32:55.830 --> 00:32:55.840 align:start position:0%
in robotics one of the things i love
 

00:32:55.840 --> 00:32:57.909 align:start position:0%
in robotics one of the things i love
about<00:32:56.080><c> the</c><00:32:56.240><c> haptics</c><00:32:56.880><c> research</c><00:32:57.279><c> community</c><00:32:57.760><c> is</c>

00:32:57.909 --> 00:32:57.919 align:start position:0%
about the haptics research community is
 

00:32:57.919 --> 00:32:59.029 align:start position:0%
about the haptics research community is
it's<00:32:58.159><c> incredibly</c>

00:32:59.029 --> 00:32:59.039 align:start position:0%
it's incredibly
 

00:32:59.039 --> 00:33:02.070 align:start position:0%
it's incredibly
diverse<00:32:59.760><c> and</c><00:33:00.480><c> in</c><00:33:00.640><c> part</c><00:33:00.960><c> because</c><00:33:01.360><c> it</c><00:33:01.600><c> draws</c><00:33:02.000><c> on</c>

00:33:02.070 --> 00:33:02.080 align:start position:0%
diverse and in part because it draws on
 

00:33:02.080 --> 00:33:03.509 align:start position:0%
diverse and in part because it draws on
people<00:33:02.399><c> from</c><00:33:02.559><c> other</c><00:33:02.799><c> fields</c><00:33:03.279><c> like</c>

00:33:03.509 --> 00:33:03.519 align:start position:0%
people from other fields like
 

00:33:03.519 --> 00:33:06.230 align:start position:0%
people from other fields like
neuroscience<00:33:04.159><c> and</c><00:33:04.320><c> psychology</c>

00:33:06.230 --> 00:33:06.240 align:start position:0%
neuroscience and psychology
 

00:33:06.240 --> 00:33:08.070 align:start position:0%
neuroscience and psychology
and<00:33:06.640><c> uh</c><00:33:06.960><c> what's</c><00:33:07.120><c> one</c><00:33:07.279><c> of</c><00:33:07.360><c> the</c><00:33:07.440><c> things</c><00:33:07.600><c> i</c><00:33:07.760><c> love</c>

00:33:08.070 --> 00:33:08.080 align:start position:0%
and uh what's one of the things i love
 

00:33:08.080 --> 00:33:11.029 align:start position:0%
and uh what's one of the things i love
about<00:33:08.480><c> going</c><00:33:08.720><c> to</c><00:33:09.200><c> ieee</c><00:33:09.679><c> haptics</c><00:33:10.240><c> conferences</c>

00:33:11.029 --> 00:33:11.039 align:start position:0%
about going to ieee haptics conferences
 

00:33:11.039 --> 00:33:13.430 align:start position:0%
about going to ieee haptics conferences
is<00:33:11.360><c> because</c><00:33:11.919><c> of</c><00:33:12.080><c> how</c><00:33:12.399><c> how</c><00:33:12.640><c> diverse</c><00:33:13.120><c> the</c>

00:33:13.430 --> 00:33:13.440 align:start position:0%
is because of how how diverse the
 

00:33:13.440 --> 00:33:15.029 align:start position:0%
is because of how how diverse the
population<00:33:14.240><c> is</c>

00:33:15.029 --> 00:33:15.039 align:start position:0%
population is
 

00:33:15.039 --> 00:33:18.549 align:start position:0%
population is
um<00:33:16.480><c> i</c><00:33:16.799><c> heard</c><00:33:16.960><c> a</c><00:33:17.039><c> statistic</c><00:33:17.519><c> today</c><00:33:17.919><c> that</c><00:33:18.240><c> only</c>

00:33:18.549 --> 00:33:18.559 align:start position:0%
um i heard a statistic today that only
 

00:33:18.559 --> 00:33:20.630 align:start position:0%
um i heard a statistic today that only
in<00:33:18.720><c> the</c><00:33:18.799><c> ieee</c><00:33:19.279><c> roblox</c><00:33:19.679><c> automation</c><00:33:20.159><c> society</c>

00:33:20.630 --> 00:33:20.640 align:start position:0%
in the ieee roblox automation society
 

00:33:20.640 --> 00:33:22.710 align:start position:0%
in the ieee roblox automation society
only<00:33:20.880><c> six</c><00:33:21.120><c> percent</c><00:33:21.519><c> of</c><00:33:21.679><c> the</c><00:33:21.760><c> membership</c>

00:33:22.710 --> 00:33:22.720 align:start position:0%
only six percent of the membership
 

00:33:22.720 --> 00:33:25.590 align:start position:0%
only six percent of the membership
are<00:33:22.880><c> women</c><00:33:23.679><c> which</c><00:33:24.000><c> is</c><00:33:24.320><c> uh</c><00:33:24.880><c> like</c><00:33:25.039><c> that's</c><00:33:25.360><c> even</c>

00:33:25.590 --> 00:33:25.600 align:start position:0%
are women which is uh like that's even
 

00:33:25.600 --> 00:33:27.110 align:start position:0%
are women which is uh like that's even
lower<00:33:25.919><c> than</c><00:33:26.080><c> the</c><00:33:26.240><c> percentage</c><00:33:26.720><c> of</c><00:33:26.799><c> women</c>

00:33:27.110 --> 00:33:27.120 align:start position:0%
lower than the percentage of women
 

00:33:27.120 --> 00:33:27.750 align:start position:0%
lower than the percentage of women
faculty

00:33:27.750 --> 00:33:27.760 align:start position:0%
faculty
 

00:33:27.760 --> 00:33:30.789 align:start position:0%
faculty
in<00:33:27.919><c> my</c><00:33:28.159><c> department</c><00:33:29.279><c> uh</c><00:33:29.600><c> so</c><00:33:29.840><c> i</c><00:33:30.000><c> think</c><00:33:30.480><c> one</c><00:33:30.559><c> of</c><00:33:30.640><c> my</c>

00:33:30.789 --> 00:33:30.799 align:start position:0%
in my department uh so i think one of my
 

00:33:30.799 --> 00:33:32.230 align:start position:0%
in my department uh so i think one of my
feelings<00:33:31.120><c> is</c><00:33:31.200><c> like</c><00:33:31.360><c> disappointment</c><00:33:32.080><c> that</c>

00:33:32.230 --> 00:33:32.240 align:start position:0%
feelings is like disappointment that
 

00:33:32.240 --> 00:33:32.870 align:start position:0%
feelings is like disappointment that
there<00:33:32.480><c> aren't</c>

00:33:32.870 --> 00:33:32.880 align:start position:0%
there aren't
 

00:33:32.880 --> 00:33:35.430 align:start position:0%
there aren't
more<00:33:33.440><c> but</c><00:33:33.760><c> i've</c><00:33:34.000><c> seen</c><00:33:34.320><c> so</c><00:33:34.480><c> much</c><00:33:34.799><c> improvement</c>

00:33:35.430 --> 00:33:35.440 align:start position:0%
more but i've seen so much improvement
 

00:33:35.440 --> 00:33:37.029 align:start position:0%
more but i've seen so much improvement
especially<00:33:36.000><c> over</c><00:33:36.240><c> the</c><00:33:36.320><c> last</c>

00:33:37.029 --> 00:33:37.039 align:start position:0%
especially over the last
 

00:33:37.039 --> 00:33:40.710 align:start position:0%
especially over the last
decade<00:33:37.760><c> and</c><00:33:38.559><c> um</c><00:33:39.279><c> kind</c><00:33:39.519><c> of</c><00:33:39.760><c> gaining</c><00:33:40.080><c> a</c><00:33:40.159><c> critical</c>

00:33:40.710 --> 00:33:40.720 align:start position:0%
decade and um kind of gaining a critical
 

00:33:40.720 --> 00:33:41.750 align:start position:0%
decade and um kind of gaining a critical
mass<00:33:41.200><c> of</c>

00:33:41.750 --> 00:33:41.760 align:start position:0%
mass of
 

00:33:41.760 --> 00:33:44.630 align:start position:0%
mass of
support<00:33:42.399><c> and</c><00:33:42.799><c> dialogue</c><00:33:43.440><c> and</c><00:33:43.519><c> discussion</c><00:33:44.480><c> you</c>

00:33:44.630 --> 00:33:44.640 align:start position:0%
support and dialogue and discussion you
 

00:33:44.640 --> 00:33:46.149 align:start position:0%
support and dialogue and discussion you
know<00:33:44.880><c> program</c><00:33:45.279><c> committees</c><00:33:45.840><c> now</c>

00:33:46.149 --> 00:33:46.159 align:start position:0%
know program committees now
 

00:33:46.159 --> 00:33:47.990 align:start position:0%
know program committees now
think<00:33:46.399><c> oh</c><00:33:46.640><c> like</c><00:33:46.960><c> why</c><00:33:47.120><c> didn't</c><00:33:47.360><c> we</c><00:33:47.679><c> why</c><00:33:47.840><c> don't</c><00:33:47.919><c> we</c>

00:33:47.990 --> 00:33:48.000 align:start position:0%
think oh like why didn't we why don't we
 

00:33:48.000 --> 00:33:49.830 align:start position:0%
think oh like why didn't we why don't we
have<00:33:48.080><c> a</c><00:33:48.159><c> woman</c><00:33:48.480><c> on</c><00:33:48.559><c> this</c><00:33:48.720><c> committee</c><00:33:49.200><c> like</c><00:33:49.440><c> it's</c>

00:33:49.830 --> 00:33:49.840 align:start position:0%
have a woman on this committee like it's
 

00:33:49.840 --> 00:33:51.029 align:start position:0%
have a woman on this committee like it's
in<00:33:50.000><c> people's</c>

00:33:51.029 --> 00:33:51.039 align:start position:0%
in people's
 

00:33:51.039 --> 00:33:53.750 align:start position:0%
in people's
sphere<00:33:51.600><c> of</c><00:33:52.080><c> attention</c><00:33:52.799><c> and</c><00:33:53.120><c> uh</c><00:33:53.360><c> and</c><00:33:53.440><c> that's</c>

00:33:53.750 --> 00:33:53.760 align:start position:0%
sphere of attention and uh and that's
 

00:33:53.760 --> 00:33:55.430 align:start position:0%
sphere of attention and uh and that's
that's<00:33:54.080><c> a</c><00:33:54.159><c> good</c><00:33:54.320><c> thing</c>

00:33:55.430 --> 00:33:55.440 align:start position:0%
that's a good thing
 

00:33:55.440 --> 00:33:57.269 align:start position:0%
that's a good thing
and<00:33:55.600><c> were</c><00:33:55.760><c> there</c><00:33:56.320><c> women</c><00:33:56.559><c> roboticists</c><00:33:57.200><c> or</c>

00:33:57.269 --> 00:33:57.279 align:start position:0%
and were there women roboticists or
 

00:33:57.279 --> 00:33:58.630 align:start position:0%
and were there women roboticists or
engineers<00:33:57.679><c> who</c><00:33:57.840><c> mentored</c><00:33:58.240><c> you</c>

00:33:58.630 --> 00:33:58.640 align:start position:0%
engineers who mentored you
 

00:33:58.640 --> 00:34:02.230 align:start position:0%
engineers who mentored you
along<00:33:58.880><c> your</c><00:33:59.120><c> career</c><00:34:00.080><c> um</c><00:34:00.720><c> i</c>

00:34:02.230 --> 00:34:02.240 align:start position:0%
along your career um i
 

00:34:02.240 --> 00:34:05.909 align:start position:0%
along your career um i
have<00:34:02.960><c> not</c><00:34:03.600><c> had</c><00:34:04.159><c> a</c><00:34:04.480><c> direct</c><00:34:05.200><c> you</c><00:34:05.279><c> know</c><00:34:05.519><c> woman</c>

00:34:05.909 --> 00:34:05.919 align:start position:0%
have not had a direct you know woman
 

00:34:05.919 --> 00:34:06.630 align:start position:0%
have not had a direct you know woman
mentor

00:34:06.630 --> 00:34:06.640 align:start position:0%
mentor
 

00:34:06.640 --> 00:34:09.909 align:start position:0%
mentor
uh<00:34:06.960><c> in</c><00:34:07.279><c> in</c><00:34:07.519><c> robotics</c><00:34:08.480><c> i</c><00:34:08.879><c> do</c><00:34:09.040><c> remember</c>

00:34:09.909 --> 00:34:09.919 align:start position:0%
uh in in robotics i do remember
 

00:34:09.919 --> 00:34:12.950 align:start position:0%
uh in in robotics i do remember
uh<00:34:10.159><c> roojina</c><00:34:10.639><c> baichi</c><00:34:11.280><c> was</c><00:34:11.760><c> greg</c><00:34:12.159><c> hager</c><00:34:12.560><c> who's</c>

00:34:12.950 --> 00:34:12.960 align:start position:0%
uh roojina baichi was greg hager who's
 

00:34:12.960 --> 00:34:16.869 align:start position:0%
uh roojina baichi was greg hager who's
my<00:34:13.760><c> best</c><00:34:14.079><c> mentor</c><00:34:15.119><c> as</c><00:34:15.280><c> an</c><00:34:15.359><c> assistant</c><00:34:15.760><c> professor</c>

00:34:16.869 --> 00:34:16.879 align:start position:0%
my best mentor as an assistant professor
 

00:34:16.879 --> 00:34:19.990 align:start position:0%
my best mentor as an assistant professor
she<00:34:17.200><c> she</c><00:34:17.359><c> was</c><00:34:17.520><c> his</c><00:34:17.839><c> phd</c><00:34:18.879><c> advisor</c>

00:34:19.990 --> 00:34:20.000 align:start position:0%
she she was his phd advisor
 

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:23.510 align:start position:0%
she she was his phd advisor
and<00:34:20.399><c> so</c><00:34:21.119><c> she</c><00:34:21.280><c> was</c><00:34:21.520><c> this</c><00:34:21.839><c> icon</c><00:34:22.399><c> of</c>

00:34:23.510 --> 00:34:23.520 align:start position:0%
and so she was this icon of
 

00:34:23.520 --> 00:34:26.550 align:start position:0%
and so she was this icon of
such<00:34:23.760><c> an</c><00:34:23.919><c> amazing</c><00:34:24.320><c> person</c><00:34:24.960><c> and</c><00:34:25.919><c> so</c><00:34:26.240><c> you</c><00:34:26.320><c> know</c><00:34:26.399><c> i</c>

00:34:26.550 --> 00:34:26.560 align:start position:0%
such an amazing person and so you know i
 

00:34:26.560 --> 00:34:28.069 align:start position:0%
such an amazing person and so you know i
knew<00:34:26.800><c> about</c><00:34:26.960><c> senior</c><00:34:27.359><c> women</c><00:34:27.599><c> and</c>

00:34:28.069 --> 00:34:28.079 align:start position:0%
knew about senior women and
 

00:34:28.079 --> 00:34:30.950 align:start position:0%
knew about senior women and
robotics<00:34:29.599><c> interestingly</c><00:34:30.240><c> in</c><00:34:30.320><c> the</c><00:34:30.480><c> hectic</c>

00:34:30.950 --> 00:34:30.960 align:start position:0%
robotics interestingly in the hectic
 

00:34:30.960 --> 00:34:32.230 align:start position:0%
robotics interestingly in the hectic
community

00:34:32.230 --> 00:34:32.240 align:start position:0%
community
 

00:34:32.240 --> 00:34:34.550 align:start position:0%
community
there<00:34:32.399><c> are</c><00:34:32.720><c> some</c><00:34:33.200><c> amazing</c><00:34:33.599><c> women</c><00:34:34.000><c> who</c><00:34:34.240><c> are</c>

00:34:34.550 --> 00:34:34.560 align:start position:0%
there are some amazing women who are
 

00:34:34.560 --> 00:34:35.909 align:start position:0%
there are some amazing women who are
somewhat<00:34:34.879><c> more</c><00:34:35.200><c> senior</c>

00:34:35.909 --> 00:34:35.919 align:start position:0%
somewhat more senior
 

00:34:35.919 --> 00:34:39.030 align:start position:0%
somewhat more senior
than<00:34:36.399><c> me</c><00:34:37.440><c> some</c><00:34:37.599><c> of</c><00:34:37.679><c> them</c><00:34:38.000><c> engineers</c>

00:34:39.030 --> 00:34:39.040 align:start position:0%
than me some of them engineers
 

00:34:39.040 --> 00:34:42.069 align:start position:0%
than me some of them engineers
some<00:34:39.280><c> of</c><00:34:39.359><c> them</c><00:34:39.760><c> not</c><00:34:40.480><c> but</c>

00:34:42.069 --> 00:34:42.079 align:start position:0%
some of them not but
 

00:34:42.079 --> 00:34:44.310 align:start position:0%
some of them not but
you<00:34:42.159><c> know</c><00:34:42.320><c> i've</c><00:34:42.480><c> also</c><00:34:43.040><c> always</c><00:34:43.359><c> looked</c><00:34:43.599><c> to</c><00:34:43.760><c> them</c>

00:34:44.310 --> 00:34:44.320 align:start position:0%
you know i've also always looked to them
 

00:34:44.320 --> 00:34:45.510 align:start position:0%
you know i've also always looked to them
but

00:34:45.510 --> 00:34:45.520 align:start position:0%
but
 

00:34:45.520 --> 00:34:48.950 align:start position:0%
but
my<00:34:46.079><c> close</c><00:34:46.560><c> mentoring</c><00:34:47.119><c> relationships</c><00:34:48.159><c> uh</c>

00:34:48.950 --> 00:34:48.960 align:start position:0%
my close mentoring relationships uh
 

00:34:48.960 --> 00:34:50.950 align:start position:0%
my close mentoring relationships uh
just<00:34:49.280><c> people</c><00:34:49.440><c> that</c><00:34:49.599><c> were</c><00:34:50.000><c> at</c><00:34:50.079><c> my</c><00:34:50.240><c> university</c>

00:34:50.950 --> 00:34:50.960 align:start position:0%
just people that were at my university
 

00:34:50.960 --> 00:34:52.869 align:start position:0%
just people that were at my university
and<00:34:51.119><c> connected</c><00:34:51.440><c> with</c><00:34:51.599><c> on</c><00:34:51.760><c> a</c><00:34:51.839><c> regular</c><00:34:52.240><c> basis</c>

00:34:52.869 --> 00:34:52.879 align:start position:0%
and connected with on a regular basis
 

00:34:52.879 --> 00:34:55.510 align:start position:0%
and connected with on a regular basis
uh<00:34:53.119><c> yeah</c><00:34:53.280><c> have</c><00:34:53.520><c> not</c><00:34:53.679><c> been</c><00:34:53.919><c> women</c><00:34:55.200><c> not</c><00:34:55.359><c> that</c>

00:34:55.510 --> 00:34:55.520 align:start position:0%
uh yeah have not been women not that
 

00:34:55.520 --> 00:34:56.790 align:start position:0%
uh yeah have not been women not that
many<00:34:55.760><c> of</c><00:34:55.919><c> them</c>

00:34:56.790 --> 00:34:56.800 align:start position:0%
many of them
 

00:34:56.800 --> 00:34:58.069 align:start position:0%
many of them
but<00:34:56.960><c> there</c><00:34:57.119><c> are</c><00:34:57.359><c> there</c><00:34:57.520><c> are</c><00:34:57.599><c> women</c><00:34:57.839><c> in</c><00:34:58.000><c> the</c>

00:34:58.069 --> 00:34:58.079 align:start position:0%
but there are there are women in the
 

00:34:58.079 --> 00:35:00.150 align:start position:0%
but there are there are women in the
leadership<00:34:58.560><c> at</c><00:34:58.720><c> the</c><00:34:59.599><c> robotics</c><00:35:00.000><c> and</c>

00:35:00.150 --> 00:35:00.160 align:start position:0%
leadership at the robotics and
 

00:35:00.160 --> 00:35:01.270 align:start position:0%
leadership at the robotics and
automation<00:35:00.640><c> society</c>

00:35:01.270 --> 00:35:01.280 align:start position:0%
automation society
 

00:35:01.280 --> 00:35:04.550 align:start position:0%
automation society
yeah<00:35:02.000><c> yeah</c><00:35:02.320><c> they</c><00:35:02.560><c> really</c><00:35:02.960><c> are</c><00:35:03.200><c> now</c><00:35:03.680><c> and</c><00:35:04.079><c> and</c><00:35:04.320><c> so</c>

00:35:04.550 --> 00:35:04.560 align:start position:0%
yeah yeah they really are now and and so
 

00:35:04.560 --> 00:35:05.430 align:start position:0%
yeah yeah they really are now and and so
i<00:35:04.640><c> think</c><00:35:04.880><c> that's</c>

00:35:05.430 --> 00:35:05.440 align:start position:0%
i think that's
 

00:35:05.440 --> 00:35:07.829 align:start position:0%
i think that's
uh<00:35:05.839><c> that's</c><00:35:06.160><c> huge</c><00:35:06.400><c> and</c><00:35:06.480><c> that's</c><00:35:06.720><c> a</c><00:35:06.960><c> big</c><00:35:07.359><c> change</c>

00:35:07.829 --> 00:35:07.839 align:start position:0%
uh that's huge and that's a big change
 

00:35:07.839 --> 00:35:09.109 align:start position:0%
uh that's huge and that's a big change
so<00:35:08.160><c> next</c><00:35:08.480><c> year</c><00:35:08.800><c> we're</c>

00:35:09.109 --> 00:35:09.119 align:start position:0%
so next year we're
 

00:35:09.119 --> 00:35:11.430 align:start position:0%
so next year we're
doing<00:35:09.440><c> icra</c><00:35:10.160><c> and</c><00:35:10.480><c> uh</c><00:35:10.800><c> i</c><00:35:10.880><c> think</c><00:35:11.119><c> it</c><00:35:11.200><c> kind</c><00:35:11.280><c> of</c>

00:35:11.430 --> 00:35:11.440 align:start position:0%
doing icra and uh i think it kind of
 

00:35:11.440 --> 00:35:12.790 align:start position:0%
doing icra and uh i think it kind of
worked<00:35:11.680><c> out</c><00:35:11.760><c> for</c><00:35:11.920><c> me</c><00:35:12.000><c> because</c><00:35:12.160><c> i</c><00:35:12.320><c> happen</c><00:35:12.560><c> to</c><00:35:12.640><c> be</c>

00:35:12.790 --> 00:35:12.800 align:start position:0%
worked out for me because i happen to be
 

00:35:12.800 --> 00:35:14.550 align:start position:0%
worked out for me because i happen to be
editor-in-chief<00:35:13.440><c> for</c><00:35:13.599><c> the</c><00:35:13.680><c> next</c><00:35:13.920><c> three</c><00:35:14.160><c> years</c>

00:35:14.550 --> 00:35:14.560 align:start position:0%
editor-in-chief for the next three years
 

00:35:14.560 --> 00:35:16.470 align:start position:0%
editor-in-chief for the next three years
but<00:35:14.800><c> the</c><00:35:14.960><c> general</c><00:35:15.440><c> chair</c><00:35:15.680><c> the</c><00:35:15.920><c> program</c>

00:35:16.470 --> 00:35:16.480 align:start position:0%
but the general chair the program
 

00:35:16.480 --> 00:35:19.829 align:start position:0%
but the general chair the program
chair<00:35:18.079><c> and</c><00:35:18.800><c> the</c><00:35:19.119><c> entire</c><00:35:19.440><c> rest</c><00:35:19.599><c> of</c><00:35:19.760><c> their</c>

00:35:19.829 --> 00:35:19.839 align:start position:0%
chair and the entire rest of their
 

00:35:19.839 --> 00:35:21.430 align:start position:0%
chair and the entire rest of their
organizing<00:35:20.320><c> committee</c><00:35:20.720><c> are</c><00:35:20.880><c> women</c>

00:35:21.430 --> 00:35:21.440 align:start position:0%
organizing committee are women
 

00:35:21.440 --> 00:35:23.430 align:start position:0%
organizing committee are women
so<00:35:21.599><c> i</c><00:35:21.760><c> guess</c><00:35:22.000><c> in</c><00:35:22.160><c> a</c><00:35:22.320><c> sense</c><00:35:22.720><c> i</c><00:35:22.880><c> could</c><00:35:23.040><c> say</c><00:35:23.280><c> that</c>

00:35:23.430 --> 00:35:23.440 align:start position:0%
so i guess in a sense i could say that
 

00:35:23.440 --> 00:35:24.550 align:start position:0%
so i guess in a sense i could say that
people<00:35:23.839><c> like</c>

00:35:24.550 --> 00:35:24.560 align:start position:0%
people like
 

00:35:24.560 --> 00:35:28.390 align:start position:0%
people like
lynn<00:35:24.800><c> parker</c><00:35:25.359><c> and</c><00:35:25.440><c> nancy</c><00:35:25.920><c> amato</c><00:35:26.720><c> have</c>

00:35:28.390 --> 00:35:28.400 align:start position:0%
lynn parker and nancy amato have
 

00:35:28.400 --> 00:35:30.550 align:start position:0%
lynn parker and nancy amato have
mentored<00:35:28.800><c> me</c><00:35:29.040><c> sort</c><00:35:29.200><c> of</c><00:35:29.359><c> in</c><00:35:29.520><c> leadership</c><00:35:30.079><c> roles</c>

00:35:30.550 --> 00:35:30.560 align:start position:0%
mentored me sort of in leadership roles
 

00:35:30.560 --> 00:35:32.150 align:start position:0%
mentored me sort of in leadership roles
within<00:35:31.200><c> ieee</c>

00:35:32.150 --> 00:35:32.160 align:start position:0%
within ieee
 

00:35:32.160 --> 00:35:35.109 align:start position:0%
within ieee
and<00:35:32.480><c> giving</c><00:35:32.720><c> me</c><00:35:32.960><c> opportunities</c><00:35:34.079><c> and</c><00:35:34.880><c> so</c>

00:35:35.109 --> 00:35:35.119 align:start position:0%
and giving me opportunities and so
 

00:35:35.119 --> 00:35:36.550 align:start position:0%
and giving me opportunities and so
that's<00:35:35.440><c> definitely</c><00:35:35.839><c> something</c>

00:35:36.550 --> 00:35:36.560 align:start position:0%
that's definitely something
 

00:35:36.560 --> 00:35:39.109 align:start position:0%
that's definitely something
uh<00:35:36.880><c> something</c><00:35:37.280><c> i</c><00:35:37.440><c> appreciate</c><00:35:38.400><c> i</c><00:35:38.560><c> think</c><00:35:38.800><c> it's</c>

00:35:39.109 --> 00:35:39.119 align:start position:0%
uh something i appreciate i think it's
 

00:35:39.119 --> 00:35:40.390 align:start position:0%
uh something i appreciate i think it's
sort<00:35:39.280><c> of</c><00:35:39.440><c> different</c><00:35:39.680><c> from</c><00:35:39.839><c> research</c>

00:35:40.390 --> 00:35:40.400 align:start position:0%
sort of different from research
 

00:35:40.400 --> 00:35:43.670 align:start position:0%
sort of different from research
mentorship<00:35:41.040><c> but</c><00:35:41.200><c> just</c><00:35:41.440><c> as</c><00:35:41.680><c> important</c>

00:35:43.670 --> 00:35:43.680 align:start position:0%
mentorship but just as important
 

00:35:43.680 --> 00:35:45.109 align:start position:0%
mentorship but just as important
going<00:35:44.000><c> forward</c><00:35:44.240><c> what</c><00:35:44.400><c> do</c><00:35:44.480><c> you</c><00:35:44.640><c> see</c><00:35:44.880><c> is</c><00:35:45.040><c> the</c>

00:35:45.109 --> 00:35:45.119 align:start position:0%
going forward what do you see is the
 

00:35:45.119 --> 00:35:46.630 align:start position:0%
going forward what do you see is the
biggest<00:35:45.760><c> sort</c><00:35:45.920><c> of</c><00:35:46.000><c> theoretical</c><00:35:46.560><c> and</c>

00:35:46.630 --> 00:35:46.640 align:start position:0%
biggest sort of theoretical and
 

00:35:46.640 --> 00:35:49.829 align:start position:0%
biggest sort of theoretical and
technical<00:35:47.200><c> challenges</c><00:35:47.760><c> for</c><00:35:48.000><c> haptics</c>

00:35:49.829 --> 00:35:49.839 align:start position:0%
technical challenges for haptics
 

00:35:49.839 --> 00:35:53.990 align:start position:0%
technical challenges for haptics
yeah<00:35:51.200><c> so</c><00:35:51.760><c> uh</c><00:35:52.560><c> one</c><00:35:52.720><c> of</c><00:35:52.960><c> the</c><00:35:53.119><c> issues</c><00:35:53.520><c> is</c><00:35:53.680><c> we</c><00:35:53.839><c> don't</c>

00:35:53.990 --> 00:35:54.000 align:start position:0%
yeah so uh one of the issues is we don't
 

00:35:54.000 --> 00:35:55.589 align:start position:0%
yeah so uh one of the issues is we don't
understand<00:35:54.400><c> enough</c><00:35:54.640><c> about</c><00:35:54.800><c> the</c><00:35:54.960><c> human</c>

00:35:55.589 --> 00:35:55.599 align:start position:0%
understand enough about the human
 

00:35:55.599 --> 00:35:57.510 align:start position:0%
understand enough about the human
sense<00:35:55.920><c> of</c><00:35:56.079><c> touch</c><00:35:56.640><c> and</c><00:35:56.960><c> you</c><00:35:57.119><c> might</c><00:35:57.280><c> think</c><00:35:57.440><c> oh</c>

00:35:57.510 --> 00:35:57.520 align:start position:0%
sense of touch and you might think oh
 

00:35:57.520 --> 00:35:58.470 align:start position:0%
sense of touch and you might think oh
that's<00:35:57.680><c> the</c><00:35:57.760><c> responsibility</c><00:35:58.320><c> of</c><00:35:58.400><c> the</c>

00:35:58.470 --> 00:35:58.480 align:start position:0%
that's the responsibility of the
 

00:35:58.480 --> 00:36:00.069 align:start position:0%
that's the responsibility of the
neuroscientists<00:35:59.200><c> and</c><00:35:59.280><c> psychologists</c>

00:36:00.069 --> 00:36:00.079 align:start position:0%
neuroscientists and psychologists
 

00:36:00.079 --> 00:36:02.069 align:start position:0%
neuroscientists and psychologists
but<00:36:00.240><c> the</c><00:36:00.400><c> fact</c><00:36:00.720><c> is</c><00:36:00.880><c> that</c><00:36:01.119><c> we</c><00:36:01.359><c> as</c><00:36:01.680><c> haptics</c>

00:36:02.069 --> 00:36:02.079 align:start position:0%
but the fact is that we as haptics
 

00:36:02.079 --> 00:36:03.430 align:start position:0%
but the fact is that we as haptics
engineers<00:36:02.640><c> we</c><00:36:02.800><c> can</c><00:36:02.960><c> divide</c>

00:36:03.430 --> 00:36:03.440 align:start position:0%
engineers we can divide
 

00:36:03.440 --> 00:36:05.910 align:start position:0%
engineers we can divide
design<00:36:03.839><c> devices</c><00:36:04.560><c> that</c><00:36:04.880><c> actually</c><00:36:05.359><c> help</c><00:36:05.680><c> us</c>

00:36:05.910 --> 00:36:05.920 align:start position:0%
design devices that actually help us
 

00:36:05.920 --> 00:36:07.990 align:start position:0%
design devices that actually help us
pinpoint<00:36:06.400><c> we</c><00:36:06.640><c> design</c><00:36:06.960><c> experiments</c><00:36:07.599><c> and</c><00:36:07.680><c> help</c>

00:36:07.990 --> 00:36:08.000 align:start position:0%
pinpoint we design experiments and help
 

00:36:08.000 --> 00:36:08.390 align:start position:0%
pinpoint we design experiments and help
us

00:36:08.390 --> 00:36:08.400 align:start position:0%
us
 

00:36:08.400 --> 00:36:09.910 align:start position:0%
us
understand<00:36:08.960><c> the</c><00:36:09.040><c> human</c><00:36:09.359><c> sense</c><00:36:09.599><c> of</c><00:36:09.680><c> touch</c>

00:36:09.910 --> 00:36:09.920 align:start position:0%
understand the human sense of touch
 

00:36:09.920 --> 00:36:11.990 align:start position:0%
understand the human sense of touch
better<00:36:10.640><c> so</c><00:36:10.880><c> we</c><00:36:11.040><c> would</c><00:36:11.200><c> love</c><00:36:11.359><c> to</c><00:36:11.520><c> design</c><00:36:11.920><c> all</c>

00:36:11.990 --> 00:36:12.000 align:start position:0%
better so we would love to design all
 

00:36:12.000 --> 00:36:13.670 align:start position:0%
better so we would love to design all
kinds<00:36:12.240><c> of</c><00:36:12.400><c> haptic</c><00:36:12.800><c> illusions</c><00:36:13.280><c> that</c><00:36:13.440><c> trick</c>

00:36:13.670 --> 00:36:13.680 align:start position:0%
kinds of haptic illusions that trick
 

00:36:13.680 --> 00:36:15.109 align:start position:0%
kinds of haptic illusions that trick
people<00:36:13.920><c> into</c><00:36:14.160><c> feeling</c><00:36:14.480><c> things</c><00:36:14.720><c> that</c><00:36:14.880><c> aren't</c>

00:36:15.109 --> 00:36:15.119 align:start position:0%
people into feeling things that aren't
 

00:36:15.119 --> 00:36:15.510 align:start position:0%
people into feeling things that aren't
there

00:36:15.510 --> 00:36:15.520 align:start position:0%
there
 

00:36:15.520 --> 00:36:17.030 align:start position:0%
there
but<00:36:15.680><c> to</c><00:36:15.760><c> do</c><00:36:15.920><c> that</c><00:36:16.079><c> we</c><00:36:16.240><c> need</c><00:36:16.400><c> to</c><00:36:16.480><c> understand</c>

00:36:17.030 --> 00:36:17.040 align:start position:0%
but to do that we need to understand
 

00:36:17.040 --> 00:36:19.030 align:start position:0%
but to do that we need to understand
people<00:36:17.760><c> better</c>

00:36:19.030 --> 00:36:19.040 align:start position:0%
people better
 

00:36:19.040 --> 00:36:21.670 align:start position:0%
people better
so<00:36:19.200><c> that's</c><00:36:19.440><c> that's</c><00:36:19.680><c> one</c><00:36:19.920><c> issue</c><00:36:20.640><c> i</c><00:36:20.800><c> think</c><00:36:21.119><c> uh</c>

00:36:21.670 --> 00:36:21.680 align:start position:0%
so that's that's one issue i think uh
 

00:36:21.680 --> 00:36:22.069 align:start position:0%
so that's that's one issue i think uh
the

00:36:22.069 --> 00:36:22.079 align:start position:0%
the
 

00:36:22.079 --> 00:36:25.829 align:start position:0%
the
other<00:36:22.960><c> issue</c><00:36:23.760><c> is</c><00:36:24.160><c> uh</c><00:36:25.040><c> is</c><00:36:25.040><c> is</c><00:36:25.599><c> just</c>

00:36:25.829 --> 00:36:25.839 align:start position:0%
other issue is uh is is just
 

00:36:25.839 --> 00:36:26.870 align:start position:0%
other issue is uh is is just
fundamentally

00:36:26.870 --> 00:36:26.880 align:start position:0%
fundamentally
 

00:36:26.880 --> 00:36:29.829 align:start position:0%
fundamentally
device<00:36:27.440><c> design</c><00:36:28.160><c> and</c><00:36:28.320><c> actuators</c><00:36:29.040><c> and</c><00:36:29.280><c> sensors</c>

00:36:29.829 --> 00:36:29.839 align:start position:0%
device design and actuators and sensors
 

00:36:29.839 --> 00:36:31.270 align:start position:0%
device design and actuators and sensors
and<00:36:29.920><c> how</c><00:36:30.079><c> do</c><00:36:30.240><c> we</c><00:36:30.320><c> make</c><00:36:30.560><c> them</c><00:36:30.720><c> smaller</c>

00:36:31.270 --> 00:36:31.280 align:start position:0%
and how do we make them smaller
 

00:36:31.280 --> 00:36:33.750 align:start position:0%
and how do we make them smaller
cheaper<00:36:31.760><c> better</c><00:36:32.560><c> all</c><00:36:32.720><c> of</c><00:36:32.880><c> that</c><00:36:33.280><c> all</c><00:36:33.440><c> of</c><00:36:33.599><c> the</c>

00:36:33.750 --> 00:36:33.760 align:start position:0%
cheaper better all of that all of the
 

00:36:33.760 --> 00:36:34.710 align:start position:0%
cheaper better all of that all of the
typical<00:36:34.240><c> stuff</c>

00:36:34.710 --> 00:36:34.720 align:start position:0%
typical stuff
 

00:36:34.720 --> 00:36:36.870 align:start position:0%
typical stuff
um<00:36:35.520><c> but</c><00:36:35.760><c> all</c><00:36:35.839><c> that</c><00:36:36.000><c> kind</c><00:36:36.160><c> of</c><00:36:36.320><c> has</c><00:36:36.480><c> to</c><00:36:36.640><c> be</c>

00:36:36.870 --> 00:36:36.880 align:start position:0%
um but all that kind of has to be
 

00:36:36.880 --> 00:36:38.950 align:start position:0%
um but all that kind of has to be
wrapped<00:36:37.200><c> up</c><00:36:37.359><c> with</c><00:36:37.520><c> like</c><00:36:37.680><c> her</c><00:36:37.839><c> creativity</c><00:36:38.720><c> and</c>

00:36:38.950 --> 00:36:38.960 align:start position:0%
wrapped up with like her creativity and
 

00:36:38.960 --> 00:36:41.349 align:start position:0%
wrapped up with like her creativity and
insight<00:36:39.599><c> and</c><00:36:39.839><c> it's</c><00:36:40.640><c> hard</c><00:36:40.800><c> to</c><00:36:40.880><c> say</c><00:36:41.040><c> like</c><00:36:41.200><c> oh</c>

00:36:41.349 --> 00:36:41.359 align:start position:0%
insight and it's hard to say like oh
 

00:36:41.359 --> 00:36:42.870 align:start position:0%
insight and it's hard to say like oh
being<00:36:41.520><c> more</c><00:36:41.680><c> creative</c><00:36:42.079><c> is</c><00:36:42.160><c> a</c><00:36:42.240><c> challenge</c><00:36:42.640><c> but</c>

00:36:42.870 --> 00:36:42.880 align:start position:0%
being more creative is a challenge but
 

00:36:42.880 --> 00:36:43.270 align:start position:0%
being more creative is a challenge but
but

00:36:43.270 --> 00:36:43.280 align:start position:0%
but
 

00:36:43.280 --> 00:36:46.550 align:start position:0%
but
it<00:36:43.440><c> is</c><00:36:43.760><c> we</c><00:36:44.079><c> need</c><00:36:44.240><c> to</c><00:36:44.320><c> think</c><00:36:44.560><c> of</c><00:36:45.119><c> of</c><00:36:45.520><c> new</c><00:36:45.839><c> ways</c>

00:36:46.550 --> 00:36:46.560 align:start position:0%
it is we need to think of of new ways
 

00:36:46.560 --> 00:36:49.510 align:start position:0%
it is we need to think of of new ways
uh<00:36:47.040><c> to</c><00:36:47.440><c> uh</c><00:36:47.760><c> to</c><00:36:47.839><c> be</c><00:36:48.000><c> able</c><00:36:48.160><c> to</c><00:36:48.240><c> like</c><00:36:48.960><c> stimulate</c>

00:36:49.510 --> 00:36:49.520 align:start position:0%
uh to uh to be able to like stimulate
 

00:36:49.520 --> 00:36:50.710 align:start position:0%
uh to uh to be able to like stimulate
people<00:36:49.920><c> and</c><00:36:50.079><c> and</c>

00:36:50.710 --> 00:36:50.720 align:start position:0%
people and and
 

00:36:50.720 --> 00:36:53.670 align:start position:0%
people and and
make<00:36:50.960><c> them</c><00:36:51.119><c> feel</c><00:36:51.440><c> what</c><00:36:51.680><c> what</c><00:36:51.920><c> isn't</c><00:36:52.160><c> there</c><00:36:53.599><c> and</c>

00:36:53.670 --> 00:36:53.680 align:start position:0%
make them feel what what isn't there and
 

00:36:53.680 --> 00:36:55.270 align:start position:0%
make them feel what what isn't there and
do<00:36:53.760><c> you</c><00:36:53.839><c> see</c><00:36:54.000><c> the</c><00:36:54.079><c> medical</c><00:36:54.400><c> domain</c><00:36:54.880><c> is</c><00:36:55.040><c> really</c>

00:36:55.270 --> 00:36:55.280 align:start position:0%
do you see the medical domain is really
 

00:36:55.280 --> 00:36:56.790 align:start position:0%
do you see the medical domain is really
the<00:36:55.440><c> kind</c><00:36:55.599><c> of</c><00:36:55.760><c> application</c><00:36:56.160><c> domain</c><00:36:56.560><c> that's</c>

00:36:56.790 --> 00:36:56.800 align:start position:0%
the kind of application domain that's
 

00:36:56.800 --> 00:36:58.390 align:start position:0%
the kind of application domain that's
driving<00:36:57.119><c> haptics</c><00:36:57.680><c> at</c><00:36:57.760><c> this</c><00:36:57.920><c> time</c>

00:36:58.390 --> 00:36:58.400 align:start position:0%
driving haptics at this time
 

00:36:58.400 --> 00:37:01.589 align:start position:0%
driving haptics at this time
uh<00:36:58.880><c> i</c><00:36:59.040><c> think</c><00:36:59.280><c> it</c><00:36:59.440><c> is</c><00:37:00.160><c> uh</c><00:37:00.560><c> there's</c><00:37:00.880><c> definitely</c>

00:37:01.589 --> 00:37:01.599 align:start position:0%
uh i think it is uh there's definitely
 

00:37:01.599 --> 00:37:04.790 align:start position:0%
uh i think it is uh there's definitely
entertainment<00:37:03.359><c> and</c><00:37:04.240><c> mobile</c>

00:37:04.790 --> 00:37:04.800 align:start position:0%
entertainment and mobile
 

00:37:04.800 --> 00:37:08.470 align:start position:0%
entertainment and mobile
devices<00:37:05.599><c> as</c><00:37:05.839><c> well</c><00:37:06.560><c> but</c><00:37:07.119><c> uh</c><00:37:07.760><c> i</c><00:37:07.920><c> guess</c><00:37:08.240><c> on</c><00:37:08.400><c> the</c>

00:37:08.470 --> 00:37:08.480 align:start position:0%
devices as well but uh i guess on the
 

00:37:08.480 --> 00:37:09.349 align:start position:0%
devices as well but uh i guess on the
entertainment

00:37:09.349 --> 00:37:09.359 align:start position:0%
entertainment
 

00:37:09.359 --> 00:37:11.990 align:start position:0%
entertainment
it's<00:37:09.839><c> hard</c><00:37:10.000><c> to</c><00:37:10.160><c> say</c><00:37:10.400><c> that</c><00:37:10.560><c> that</c><00:37:11.040><c> it</c><00:37:11.599><c> hasn't</c>

00:37:11.990 --> 00:37:12.000 align:start position:0%
it's hard to say that that it hasn't
 

00:37:12.000 --> 00:37:13.990 align:start position:0%
it's hard to say that that it hasn't
actually<00:37:12.320><c> been</c><00:37:12.560><c> a</c><00:37:12.720><c> huge</c><00:37:12.960><c> commercial</c><00:37:13.440><c> success</c>

00:37:13.990 --> 00:37:14.000 align:start position:0%
actually been a huge commercial success
 

00:37:14.000 --> 00:37:16.390 align:start position:0%
actually been a huge commercial success
even<00:37:14.240><c> though</c><00:37:14.560><c> people</c><00:37:14.880><c> have</c><00:37:15.040><c> tried</c><00:37:16.000><c> mobile</c>

00:37:16.390 --> 00:37:16.400 align:start position:0%
even though people have tried mobile
 

00:37:16.400 --> 00:37:17.990 align:start position:0%
even though people have tried mobile
devices<00:37:16.880><c> i</c><00:37:16.960><c> really</c><00:37:17.200><c> think</c><00:37:17.359><c> that's</c><00:37:17.599><c> poised</c><00:37:17.920><c> to</c>

00:37:17.990 --> 00:37:18.000 align:start position:0%
devices i really think that's poised to
 

00:37:18.000 --> 00:37:19.990 align:start position:0%
devices i really think that's poised to
be<00:37:18.079><c> a</c><00:37:18.160><c> huge</c><00:37:18.480><c> area</c><00:37:18.720><c> for</c><00:37:18.960><c> haptics</c><00:37:19.599><c> um</c>

00:37:19.990 --> 00:37:20.000 align:start position:0%
be a huge area for haptics um
 

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:21.829 align:start position:0%
be a huge area for haptics um
there's<00:37:20.240><c> just</c><00:37:20.400><c> the</c><00:37:20.560><c> technological</c><00:37:21.440><c> challenge</c>

00:37:21.829 --> 00:37:21.839 align:start position:0%
there's just the technological challenge
 

00:37:21.839 --> 00:37:22.950 align:start position:0%
there's just the technological challenge
of<00:37:21.920><c> getting</c><00:37:22.240><c> some</c><00:37:22.400><c> really</c><00:37:22.560><c> interesting</c>

00:37:22.950 --> 00:37:22.960 align:start position:0%
of getting some really interesting
 

00:37:22.960 --> 00:37:24.950 align:start position:0%
of getting some really interesting
haptic<00:37:23.359><c> feedback</c><00:37:23.760><c> into</c><00:37:24.000><c> something</c><00:37:24.320><c> low</c><00:37:24.560><c> power</c>

00:37:24.950 --> 00:37:24.960 align:start position:0%
haptic feedback into something low power
 

00:37:24.960 --> 00:37:26.230 align:start position:0%
haptic feedback into something low power
and<00:37:25.119><c> small</c>

00:37:26.230 --> 00:37:26.240 align:start position:0%
and small
 

00:37:26.240 --> 00:37:29.589 align:start position:0%
and small
um<00:37:26.640><c> but</c><00:37:26.960><c> but</c><00:37:27.119><c> i</c><00:37:27.280><c> think</c><00:37:28.000><c> uh</c><00:37:28.720><c> the</c><00:37:28.880><c> majority</c><00:37:29.440><c> of</c>

00:37:29.589 --> 00:37:29.599 align:start position:0%
um but but i think uh the majority of
 

00:37:29.599 --> 00:37:30.790 align:start position:0%
um but but i think uh the majority of
haptics<00:37:30.000><c> researchers</c>

00:37:30.790 --> 00:37:30.800 align:start position:0%
haptics researchers
 

00:37:30.800 --> 00:37:32.390 align:start position:0%
haptics researchers
are<00:37:30.960><c> inspired</c><00:37:31.440><c> by</c><00:37:31.680><c> various</c><00:37:32.000><c> medical</c>

00:37:32.390 --> 00:37:32.400 align:start position:0%
are inspired by various medical
 

00:37:32.400 --> 00:37:34.470 align:start position:0%
are inspired by various medical
applications<00:37:33.040><c> ranging</c><00:37:33.440><c> from</c><00:37:33.599><c> rehab</c><00:37:34.000><c> robots</c>

00:37:34.470 --> 00:37:34.480 align:start position:0%
applications ranging from rehab robots
 

00:37:34.480 --> 00:37:34.790 align:start position:0%
applications ranging from rehab robots
to

00:37:34.790 --> 00:37:34.800 align:start position:0%
to
 

00:37:34.800 --> 00:37:38.230 align:start position:0%
to
minimally<00:37:35.200><c> invasive</c><00:37:35.920><c> surgical</c><00:37:36.400><c> robots</c>

00:37:38.230 --> 00:37:38.240 align:start position:0%
minimally invasive surgical robots
 

00:37:38.240 --> 00:37:40.470 align:start position:0%
minimally invasive surgical robots
and<00:37:38.400><c> what</c><00:37:39.599><c> where's</c><00:37:39.920><c> the</c><00:37:40.000><c> exciting</c>

00:37:40.470 --> 00:37:40.480 align:start position:0%
and what where's the exciting
 

00:37:40.480 --> 00:37:43.190 align:start position:0%
and what where's the exciting
neuroscience

00:37:43.190 --> 00:37:43.200 align:start position:0%
neuroscience
 

00:37:43.200 --> 00:37:46.630 align:start position:0%
neuroscience
oh<00:37:43.920><c> so</c><00:37:44.640><c> uh</c>

00:37:46.630 --> 00:37:46.640 align:start position:0%
oh so uh
 

00:37:46.640 --> 00:37:49.990 align:start position:0%
oh so uh
so<00:37:47.599><c> uh</c><00:37:49.040><c> the</c>

00:37:49.990 --> 00:37:50.000 align:start position:0%
so uh the
 

00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:52.790 align:start position:0%
so uh the
i<00:37:50.160><c> guess</c><00:37:50.880><c> on</c><00:37:51.040><c> one</c><00:37:51.280><c> flip</c><00:37:51.680><c> side</c><00:37:52.000><c> is</c><00:37:52.240><c> again</c><00:37:52.560><c> like</c>

00:37:52.790 --> 00:37:52.800 align:start position:0%
i guess on one flip side is again like
 

00:37:52.800 --> 00:37:54.950 align:start position:0%
i guess on one flip side is again like
how<00:37:52.960><c> do</c><00:37:53.200><c> robotic</c><00:37:53.760><c> devices</c><00:37:54.320><c> how</c><00:37:54.480><c> can</c><00:37:54.640><c> they</c><00:37:54.800><c> be</c>

00:37:54.950 --> 00:37:54.960 align:start position:0%
how do robotic devices how can they be
 

00:37:54.960 --> 00:37:55.589 align:start position:0%
how do robotic devices how can they be
used<00:37:55.280><c> as</c>

00:37:55.589 --> 00:37:55.599 align:start position:0%
used as
 

00:37:55.599 --> 00:37:58.710 align:start position:0%
used as
tools<00:37:56.160><c> to</c><00:37:56.320><c> help</c><00:37:57.119><c> um</c><00:37:57.680><c> hopefully</c><00:37:58.160><c> in</c><00:37:58.320><c> a</c><00:37:58.400><c> kind</c><00:37:58.560><c> of</c>

00:37:58.710 --> 00:37:58.720 align:start position:0%
tools to help um hopefully in a kind of
 

00:37:58.720 --> 00:38:00.310 align:start position:0%
tools to help um hopefully in a kind of
behavioral<00:37:59.280><c> way</c><00:37:59.520><c> rather</c><00:37:59.760><c> than</c><00:38:00.000><c> sticking</c>

00:38:00.310 --> 00:38:00.320 align:start position:0%
behavioral way rather than sticking
 

00:38:00.320 --> 00:38:02.069 align:start position:0%
behavioral way rather than sticking
stuff<00:38:00.560><c> in</c><00:38:00.640><c> the</c><00:38:00.800><c> body</c><00:38:01.200><c> sort</c><00:38:01.440><c> of</c><00:38:01.520><c> way</c>

00:38:02.069 --> 00:38:02.079 align:start position:0%
stuff in the body sort of way
 

00:38:02.079 --> 00:38:04.150 align:start position:0%
stuff in the body sort of way
figure<00:38:02.480><c> out</c><00:38:02.800><c> uh</c><00:38:03.280><c> you</c><00:38:03.359><c> know</c><00:38:03.680><c> more</c><00:38:03.920><c> about</c><00:38:04.079><c> the</c>

00:38:04.150 --> 00:38:04.160 align:start position:0%
figure out uh you know more about the
 

00:38:04.160 --> 00:38:05.750 align:start position:0%
figure out uh you know more about the
basics<00:38:04.560><c> of</c><00:38:04.640><c> human</c><00:38:04.960><c> motor</c><00:38:05.200><c> control</c><00:38:05.599><c> and</c><00:38:05.680><c> the</c>

00:38:05.750 --> 00:38:05.760 align:start position:0%
basics of human motor control and the
 

00:38:05.760 --> 00:38:06.790 align:start position:0%
basics of human motor control and the
potential<00:38:06.320><c> of</c><00:38:06.400><c> that</c>

00:38:06.790 --> 00:38:06.800 align:start position:0%
potential of that
 

00:38:06.800 --> 00:38:09.270 align:start position:0%
potential of that
to<00:38:07.599><c> help</c><00:38:07.760><c> people</c><00:38:07.920><c> recover</c><00:38:08.400><c> from</c><00:38:08.640><c> stroke</c><00:38:09.119><c> or</c>

00:38:09.270 --> 00:38:09.280 align:start position:0%
to help people recover from stroke or
 

00:38:09.280 --> 00:38:09.990 align:start position:0%
to help people recover from stroke or
other

00:38:09.990 --> 00:38:10.000 align:start position:0%
other
 

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:13.670 align:start position:0%
other
neurological<00:38:10.640><c> diseases</c><00:38:11.839><c> uh</c><00:38:12.880><c> the</c><00:38:13.119><c> other</c>

00:38:13.670 --> 00:38:13.680 align:start position:0%
neurological diseases uh the other
 

00:38:13.680 --> 00:38:16.310 align:start position:0%
neurological diseases uh the other
is<00:38:14.320><c> this</c><00:38:14.480><c> whole</c><00:38:14.640><c> prosthetics</c><00:38:15.359><c> domain</c><00:38:15.839><c> is</c>

00:38:16.310 --> 00:38:16.320 align:start position:0%
is this whole prosthetics domain is
 

00:38:16.320 --> 00:38:17.990 align:start position:0%
is this whole prosthetics domain is
really<00:38:16.640><c> fascinating</c><00:38:17.359><c> and</c><00:38:17.599><c> not</c><00:38:17.760><c> just</c>

00:38:17.990 --> 00:38:18.000 align:start position:0%
really fascinating and not just
 

00:38:18.000 --> 00:38:19.589 align:start position:0%
really fascinating and not just
from<00:38:18.240><c> the</c><00:38:18.320><c> perspective</c><00:38:18.800><c> of</c><00:38:18.880><c> the</c><00:38:18.960><c> robotics</c><00:38:19.520><c> and</c>

00:38:19.589 --> 00:38:19.599 align:start position:0%
from the perspective of the robotics and
 

00:38:19.599 --> 00:38:21.349 align:start position:0%
from the perspective of the robotics and
the<00:38:19.760><c> mechanism</c><00:38:20.240><c> but</c><00:38:20.560><c> how</c><00:38:20.720><c> that</c><00:38:20.960><c> all</c><00:38:21.119><c> works</c>

00:38:21.349 --> 00:38:21.359 align:start position:0%
the mechanism but how that all works
 

00:38:21.359 --> 00:38:23.109 align:start position:0%
the mechanism but how that all works
together<00:38:21.839><c> with</c><00:38:22.000><c> the</c><00:38:22.320><c> kind</c><00:38:22.480><c> of</c><00:38:22.640><c> data</c><00:38:22.880><c> that</c><00:38:23.040><c> we</c>

00:38:23.109 --> 00:38:23.119 align:start position:0%
together with the kind of data that we
 

00:38:23.119 --> 00:38:24.790 align:start position:0%
together with the kind of data that we
can<00:38:23.280><c> get</c><00:38:23.520><c> from</c><00:38:23.680><c> the</c><00:38:23.839><c> brain</c><00:38:24.240><c> and</c><00:38:24.320><c> how</c><00:38:24.480><c> we</c><00:38:24.640><c> would</c>

00:38:24.790 --> 00:38:24.800 align:start position:0%
can get from the brain and how we would
 

00:38:24.800 --> 00:38:27.349 align:start position:0%
can get from the brain and how we would
control<00:38:25.200><c> the</c><00:38:25.359><c> system</c>

00:38:27.349 --> 00:38:27.359 align:start position:0%
control the system
 

00:38:27.359 --> 00:38:29.589 align:start position:0%
control the system
and<00:38:27.680><c> uh</c><00:38:28.079><c> i</c><00:38:28.160><c> guess</c><00:38:28.400><c> i</c><00:38:28.480><c> can</c><00:38:28.640><c> also</c><00:38:28.800><c> just</c><00:38:28.960><c> mention</c>

00:38:29.589 --> 00:38:29.599 align:start position:0%
and uh i guess i can also just mention
 

00:38:29.599 --> 00:38:32.150 align:start position:0%
and uh i guess i can also just mention
in<00:38:29.760><c> medical</c><00:38:30.240><c> robotics</c><00:38:31.040><c> itself</c>

00:38:32.150 --> 00:38:32.160 align:start position:0%
in medical robotics itself
 

00:38:32.160 --> 00:38:35.430 align:start position:0%
in medical robotics itself
um<00:38:33.599><c> it's</c><00:38:34.000><c> much</c><00:38:34.240><c> broader</c><00:38:34.640><c> than</c>

00:38:35.430 --> 00:38:35.440 align:start position:0%
um it's much broader than
 

00:38:35.440 --> 00:38:37.109 align:start position:0%
um it's much broader than
that<00:38:35.920><c> so</c><00:38:36.240><c> i'm</c><00:38:36.400><c> thinking</c><00:38:36.640><c> most</c><00:38:36.880><c> about</c>

00:38:37.109 --> 00:38:37.119 align:start position:0%
that so i'm thinking most about
 

00:38:37.119 --> 00:38:39.030 align:start position:0%
that so i'm thinking most about
minimally<00:38:37.520><c> invasive</c><00:38:38.000><c> surgical</c><00:38:38.480><c> robots</c><00:38:38.960><c> or</c>

00:38:39.030 --> 00:38:39.040 align:start position:0%
minimally invasive surgical robots or
 

00:38:39.040 --> 00:38:41.589 align:start position:0%
minimally invasive surgical robots or
robots<00:38:39.440><c> used</c><00:38:39.680><c> for</c><00:38:39.839><c> interventional</c><00:38:40.480><c> radiology</c>

00:38:41.589 --> 00:38:41.599 align:start position:0%
robots used for interventional radiology
 

00:38:41.599 --> 00:38:45.109 align:start position:0%
robots used for interventional radiology
i<00:38:41.680><c> think</c><00:38:41.920><c> the</c><00:38:42.079><c> big</c><00:38:42.480><c> challenge</c><00:38:43.040><c> there</c><00:38:43.599><c> is</c><00:38:44.000><c> uh</c>

00:38:45.109 --> 00:38:45.119 align:start position:0%
i think the big challenge there is uh
 

00:38:45.119 --> 00:38:47.349 align:start position:0%
i think the big challenge there is uh
how<00:38:45.280><c> do</c><00:38:45.440><c> you</c><00:38:45.599><c> get</c><00:38:45.839><c> devices</c><00:38:46.480><c> that</c><00:38:46.800><c> are</c><00:38:47.040><c> very</c>

00:38:47.349 --> 00:38:47.359 align:start position:0%
how do you get devices that are very
 

00:38:47.359 --> 00:38:49.030 align:start position:0%
how do you get devices that are very
small<00:38:47.839><c> into</c><00:38:48.079><c> the</c><00:38:48.240><c> body</c><00:38:48.640><c> in</c><00:38:48.720><c> the</c><00:38:48.800><c> most</c>

00:38:49.030 --> 00:38:49.040 align:start position:0%
small into the body in the most
 

00:38:49.040 --> 00:38:50.870 align:start position:0%
small into the body in the most
minimally<00:38:49.359><c> invasive</c><00:38:49.839><c> way</c><00:38:50.160><c> and</c><00:38:50.320><c> be</c><00:38:50.480><c> able</c>

00:38:50.870 --> 00:38:50.880 align:start position:0%
minimally invasive way and be able
 

00:38:50.880 --> 00:38:53.510 align:start position:0%
minimally invasive way and be able
to<00:38:51.520><c> control</c><00:38:52.079><c> them</c><00:38:52.560><c> how</c><00:38:52.720><c> do</c><00:38:52.880><c> they</c><00:38:53.119><c> work</c><00:38:53.280><c> with</c>

00:38:53.510 --> 00:38:53.520 align:start position:0%
to control them how do they work with
 

00:38:53.520 --> 00:38:55.349 align:start position:0%
to control them how do they work with
medical<00:38:54.000><c> imagers</c>

00:38:55.349 --> 00:38:55.359 align:start position:0%
medical imagers
 

00:38:55.359 --> 00:38:57.550 align:start position:0%
medical imagers
how<00:38:55.520><c> do</c><00:38:55.680><c> you</c><00:38:56.000><c> make</c><00:38:56.160><c> them</c><00:38:56.400><c> biocompatible</c><00:38:57.359><c> and</c>

00:38:57.550 --> 00:38:57.560 align:start position:0%
how do you make them biocompatible and
 

00:38:57.560 --> 00:38:59.349 align:start position:0%
how do you make them biocompatible and
sterilizable

00:38:59.349 --> 00:38:59.359 align:start position:0%
sterilizable
 

00:38:59.359 --> 00:39:01.109 align:start position:0%
sterilizable
and<00:38:59.520><c> then</c><00:38:59.680><c> have</c><00:38:59.920><c> all</c><00:39:00.000><c> the</c><00:39:00.160><c> degrees</c><00:39:00.560><c> of</c><00:39:00.720><c> freedom</c>

00:39:01.109 --> 00:39:01.119 align:start position:0%
and then have all the degrees of freedom
 

00:39:01.119 --> 00:39:02.550 align:start position:0%
and then have all the degrees of freedom
that<00:39:01.440><c> that</c><00:39:01.599><c> you</c><00:39:01.760><c> need</c><00:39:02.000><c> to</c><00:39:02.160><c> have</c>

00:39:02.550 --> 00:39:02.560 align:start position:0%
that that you need to have
 

00:39:02.560 --> 00:39:05.510 align:start position:0%
that that you need to have
to<00:39:03.200><c> accomplish</c><00:39:03.680><c> useful</c><00:39:04.079><c> tasks</c><00:39:04.480><c> in</c><00:39:04.560><c> the</c><00:39:04.720><c> body</c>

00:39:05.510 --> 00:39:05.520 align:start position:0%
to accomplish useful tasks in the body
 

00:39:05.520 --> 00:39:06.470 align:start position:0%
to accomplish useful tasks in the body
but<00:39:05.760><c> also</c><00:39:06.000><c> the</c>

00:39:06.470 --> 00:39:06.480 align:start position:0%
but also the
 

00:39:06.480 --> 00:39:08.710 align:start position:0%
but also the
kind<00:39:06.560><c> of</c><00:39:06.720><c> sensors</c><00:39:07.440><c> that</c><00:39:07.599><c> they</c><00:39:07.760><c> like</c><00:39:07.920><c> right</c>

00:39:08.710 --> 00:39:08.720 align:start position:0%
kind of sensors that they like right
 

00:39:08.720 --> 00:39:09.670 align:start position:0%
kind of sensors that they like right
yeah<00:39:09.280><c> yeah</c>

00:39:09.670 --> 00:39:09.680 align:start position:0%
yeah yeah
 

00:39:09.680 --> 00:39:12.069 align:start position:0%
yeah yeah
is<00:39:09.839><c> it</c><00:39:10.160><c> they</c><00:39:10.560><c> you</c><00:39:10.640><c> know</c><00:39:10.880><c> biosensors</c><00:39:11.760><c> are</c><00:39:11.920><c> more</c>

00:39:12.069 --> 00:39:12.079 align:start position:0%
is it they you know biosensors are more
 

00:39:12.079 --> 00:39:13.430 align:start position:0%
is it they you know biosensors are more
typical<00:39:12.480><c> sensors</c><00:39:12.880><c> that</c><00:39:12.960><c> tell</c><00:39:13.119><c> you</c><00:39:13.200><c> about</c>

00:39:13.430 --> 00:39:13.440 align:start position:0%
typical sensors that tell you about
 

00:39:13.440 --> 00:39:13.990 align:start position:0%
typical sensors that tell you about
mechanical

00:39:13.990 --> 00:39:14.000 align:start position:0%
mechanical
 

00:39:14.000 --> 00:39:15.990 align:start position:0%
mechanical
interaction<00:39:15.280><c> those</c><00:39:15.440><c> are</c><00:39:15.599><c> all</c><00:39:15.680><c> really</c>

00:39:15.990 --> 00:39:16.000 align:start position:0%
interaction those are all really
 

00:39:16.000 --> 00:39:17.190 align:start position:0%
interaction those are all really
difficult<00:39:16.400><c> things</c><00:39:16.640><c> to</c><00:39:16.800><c> put</c>

00:39:17.190 --> 00:39:17.200 align:start position:0%
difficult things to put
 

00:39:17.200 --> 00:39:20.310 align:start position:0%
difficult things to put
in<00:39:17.280><c> the</c><00:39:17.359><c> human</c><00:39:17.760><c> body</c>

00:39:20.310 --> 00:39:20.320 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:39:20.320 --> 00:39:22.470 align:start position:0%
 
right<00:39:20.640><c> so</c><00:39:20.960><c> what's</c><00:39:21.200><c> your</c><00:39:21.599><c> advice</c><00:39:22.000><c> for</c><00:39:22.240><c> young</c>

00:39:22.470 --> 00:39:22.480 align:start position:0%
right so what's your advice for young
 

00:39:22.480 --> 00:39:24.230 align:start position:0%
right so what's your advice for young
people<00:39:22.800><c> who</c><00:39:22.960><c> are</c><00:39:23.119><c> interested</c><00:39:23.599><c> in</c><00:39:23.760><c> a</c><00:39:23.839><c> career</c><00:39:24.160><c> in</c>

00:39:24.230 --> 00:39:24.240 align:start position:0%
people who are interested in a career in
 

00:39:24.240 --> 00:39:26.550 align:start position:0%
people who are interested in a career in
robotics

00:39:26.550 --> 00:39:26.560 align:start position:0%
robotics
 

00:39:26.560 --> 00:39:30.470 align:start position:0%
robotics
well<00:39:27.680><c> i</c><00:39:28.400><c> i</c><00:39:28.560><c> guess</c><00:39:28.880><c> my</c><00:39:29.200><c> my</c><00:39:29.359><c> main</c><00:39:29.599><c> advice</c><00:39:30.000><c> is</c><00:39:30.160><c> yeah</c>

00:39:30.470 --> 00:39:30.480 align:start position:0%
well i i guess my my main advice is yeah
 

00:39:30.480 --> 00:39:31.670 align:start position:0%
well i i guess my my main advice is yeah
is<00:39:30.960><c> do</c><00:39:31.200><c> it</c>

00:39:31.670 --> 00:39:31.680 align:start position:0%
is do it
 

00:39:31.680 --> 00:39:33.670 align:start position:0%
is do it
it's<00:39:31.839><c> a</c><00:39:32.079><c> huge</c><00:39:32.400><c> field</c><00:39:32.720><c> there's</c><00:39:32.960><c> such</c><00:39:33.280><c> a</c><00:39:33.359><c> huge</c>

00:39:33.670 --> 00:39:33.680 align:start position:0%
it's a huge field there's such a huge
 

00:39:33.680 --> 00:39:35.349 align:start position:0%
it's a huge field there's such a huge
range<00:39:34.000><c> of</c><00:39:34.160><c> what</c><00:39:34.320><c> you</c><00:39:34.560><c> can</c><00:39:34.880><c> do</c>

00:39:35.349 --> 00:39:35.359 align:start position:0%
range of what you can do
 

00:39:35.359 --> 00:39:38.390 align:start position:0%
range of what you can do
um<00:39:36.079><c> you</c><00:39:36.240><c> don't</c><00:39:36.480><c> have</c><00:39:36.720><c> to</c><00:39:37.040><c> necessarily</c><00:39:37.920><c> be</c><00:39:38.240><c> a</c>

00:39:38.390 --> 00:39:38.400 align:start position:0%
um you don't have to necessarily be a
 

00:39:38.400 --> 00:39:39.030 align:start position:0%
um you don't have to necessarily be a
math

00:39:39.030 --> 00:39:39.040 align:start position:0%
math
 

00:39:39.040 --> 00:39:43.349 align:start position:0%
math
whiz<00:39:39.839><c> that</c><00:39:40.320><c> you</c><00:39:40.480><c> can</c><00:39:40.839><c> contribute</c><00:39:41.599><c> uh</c>

00:39:43.349 --> 00:39:43.359 align:start position:0%
whiz that you can contribute uh
 

00:39:43.359 --> 00:39:44.550 align:start position:0%
whiz that you can contribute uh
there's<00:39:43.599><c> so</c><00:39:43.760><c> many</c><00:39:43.920><c> different</c><00:39:44.079><c> avenues</c><00:39:44.480><c> in</c>

00:39:44.550 --> 00:39:44.560 align:start position:0%
there's so many different avenues in
 

00:39:44.560 --> 00:39:45.670 align:start position:0%
there's so many different avenues in
which<00:39:44.800><c> you</c><00:39:44.880><c> can</c><00:39:44.960><c> contribute</c><00:39:45.440><c> you</c><00:39:45.520><c> can</c>

00:39:45.670 --> 00:39:45.680 align:start position:0%
which you can contribute you can
 

00:39:45.680 --> 00:39:47.349 align:start position:0%
which you can contribute you can
contribute<00:39:46.160><c> because</c><00:39:46.320><c> you're</c><00:39:46.480><c> a</c><00:39:46.560><c> designer</c><00:39:47.200><c> you</c>

00:39:47.349 --> 00:39:47.359 align:start position:0%
contribute because you're a designer you
 

00:39:47.359 --> 00:39:48.950 align:start position:0%
contribute because you're a designer you
can<00:39:47.520><c> contribute</c><00:39:48.079><c> because</c><00:39:48.320><c> you're</c><00:39:48.640><c> a</c><00:39:48.720><c> great</c>

00:39:48.950 --> 00:39:48.960 align:start position:0%
can contribute because you're a great
 

00:39:48.960 --> 00:39:51.349 align:start position:0%
can contribute because you're a great
computer<00:39:49.359><c> scientist</c><00:39:49.920><c> and</c><00:39:50.079><c> coder</c>

00:39:51.349 --> 00:39:51.359 align:start position:0%
computer scientist and coder
 

00:39:51.359 --> 00:39:54.550 align:start position:0%
computer scientist and coder
you<00:39:51.520><c> can</c><00:39:51.920><c> contribute</c><00:39:53.359><c> because</c>

00:39:54.550 --> 00:39:54.560 align:start position:0%
you can contribute because
 

00:39:54.560 --> 00:39:56.470 align:start position:0%
you can contribute because
you<00:39:54.960><c> understand</c><00:39:55.440><c> people</c><00:39:56.079><c> and</c><00:39:56.320><c> you're</c>

00:39:56.470 --> 00:39:56.480 align:start position:0%
you understand people and you're
 

00:39:56.480 --> 00:39:58.310 align:start position:0%
you understand people and you're
interested<00:39:56.880><c> in</c><00:39:56.960><c> human</c><00:39:57.200><c> robot</c><00:39:57.599><c> interaction</c>

00:39:58.310 --> 00:39:58.320 align:start position:0%
interested in human robot interaction
 

00:39:58.320 --> 00:40:00.150 align:start position:0%
interested in human robot interaction
and<00:39:58.720><c> as</c><00:39:58.960><c> robots</c><00:39:59.359><c> become</c><00:39:59.599><c> more</c><00:39:59.760><c> and</c><00:39:59.920><c> more</c>

00:40:00.150 --> 00:40:00.160 align:start position:0%
and as robots become more and more
 

00:40:00.160 --> 00:40:02.069 align:start position:0%
and as robots become more and more
ubiquitous<00:40:00.960><c> both</c><00:40:01.200><c> the</c><00:40:01.359><c> physical</c><00:40:01.839><c> and</c><00:40:01.920><c> the</c>

00:40:02.069 --> 00:40:02.079 align:start position:0%
ubiquitous both the physical and the
 

00:40:02.079 --> 00:40:03.829 align:start position:0%
ubiquitous both the physical and the
social<00:40:02.480><c> interaction</c><00:40:03.040><c> between</c><00:40:03.359><c> humans</c><00:40:03.760><c> and</c>

00:40:03.829 --> 00:40:03.839 align:start position:0%
social interaction between humans and
 

00:40:03.839 --> 00:40:04.950 align:start position:0%
social interaction between humans and
robots<00:40:04.400><c> is</c>

00:40:04.950 --> 00:40:04.960 align:start position:0%
robots is
 

00:40:04.960 --> 00:40:07.109 align:start position:0%
robots is
is<00:40:05.359><c> going</c><00:40:05.520><c> to</c><00:40:05.599><c> become</c><00:40:06.319><c> become</c><00:40:06.720><c> super</c>

00:40:07.109 --> 00:40:07.119 align:start position:0%
is going to become become super
 

00:40:07.119 --> 00:40:07.990 align:start position:0%
is going to become become super
important

00:40:07.990 --> 00:40:08.000 align:start position:0%
important
 

00:40:08.000 --> 00:40:11.190 align:start position:0%
important
and<00:40:09.280><c> and</c><00:40:09.440><c> so</c><00:40:09.599><c> i</c><00:40:09.680><c> think</c><00:40:09.920><c> my</c><00:40:10.160><c> my</c><00:40:10.319><c> overall</c><00:40:10.800><c> advice</c>

00:40:11.190 --> 00:40:11.200 align:start position:0%
and and so i think my my overall advice
 

00:40:11.200 --> 00:40:12.230 align:start position:0%
and and so i think my my overall advice
is<00:40:11.359><c> because</c><00:40:11.599><c> it's</c><00:40:11.680><c> such</c><00:40:11.920><c> a</c>

00:40:12.230 --> 00:40:12.240 align:start position:0%
is because it's such a
 

00:40:12.240 --> 00:40:15.030 align:start position:0%
is because it's such a
big<00:40:12.560><c> field</c><00:40:13.119><c> uh</c><00:40:13.680><c> you</c><00:40:13.839><c> know</c><00:40:14.160><c> find</c><00:40:14.640><c> find</c><00:40:14.880><c> the</c>

00:40:15.030 --> 00:40:15.040 align:start position:0%
big field uh you know find find the
 

00:40:15.040 --> 00:40:15.750 align:start position:0%
big field uh you know find find the
thing<00:40:15.359><c> that</c>

00:40:15.750 --> 00:40:15.760 align:start position:0%
thing that
 

00:40:15.760 --> 00:40:17.750 align:start position:0%
thing that
you<00:40:15.920><c> know</c><00:40:16.079><c> you're</c><00:40:16.400><c> you're</c><00:40:16.640><c> passionate</c><00:40:17.119><c> about</c>

00:40:17.750 --> 00:40:17.760 align:start position:0%
you know you're you're passionate about
 

00:40:17.760 --> 00:40:18.870 align:start position:0%
you know you're you're passionate about
and<00:40:17.920><c> and</c><00:40:18.240><c> not</c><00:40:18.480><c> just</c>

00:40:18.870 --> 00:40:18.880 align:start position:0%
and and not just
 

00:40:18.880 --> 00:40:21.990 align:start position:0%
and and not just
the<00:40:19.200><c> technology</c><00:40:19.839><c> and</c><00:40:19.920><c> the</c><00:40:20.079><c> gadgets</c><00:40:21.200><c> or</c><00:40:21.599><c> the</c>

00:40:21.990 --> 00:40:22.000 align:start position:0%
the technology and the gadgets or the
 

00:40:22.000 --> 00:40:24.069 align:start position:0%
the technology and the gadgets or the
low-level<00:40:22.640><c> you</c><00:40:22.720><c> know</c><00:40:22.960><c> programming</c><00:40:23.599><c> but</c><00:40:23.839><c> like</c>

00:40:24.069 --> 00:40:24.079 align:start position:0%
low-level you know programming but like
 

00:40:24.079 --> 00:40:25.750 align:start position:0%
low-level you know programming but like
what<00:40:24.240><c> will</c><00:40:24.480><c> it</c><00:40:24.560><c> be</c><00:40:24.720><c> used</c><00:40:25.040><c> for</c>

00:40:25.750 --> 00:40:25.760 align:start position:0%
what will it be used for
 

00:40:25.760 --> 00:40:28.230 align:start position:0%
what will it be used for
uh<00:40:26.319><c> because</c><00:40:26.960><c> i</c><00:40:27.040><c> think</c><00:40:27.280><c> more</c><00:40:27.440><c> and</c><00:40:27.599><c> more</c>

00:40:28.230 --> 00:40:28.240 align:start position:0%
uh because i think more and more
 

00:40:28.240 --> 00:40:28.950 align:start position:0%
uh because i think more and more
robotics

00:40:28.950 --> 00:40:28.960 align:start position:0%
robotics
 

00:40:28.960 --> 00:40:31.910 align:start position:0%
robotics
has<00:40:29.280><c> promised</c><00:40:30.000><c> a</c><00:40:30.160><c> lot</c><00:40:30.560><c> to</c><00:40:30.720><c> the</c><00:40:30.880><c> world</c><00:40:31.359><c> or</c><00:40:31.520><c> maybe</c>

00:40:31.910 --> 00:40:31.920 align:start position:0%
has promised a lot to the world or maybe
 

00:40:31.920 --> 00:40:32.550 align:start position:0%
has promised a lot to the world or maybe
movies

00:40:32.550 --> 00:40:32.560 align:start position:0%
movies
 

00:40:32.560 --> 00:40:34.309 align:start position:0%
movies
with<00:40:32.800><c> fake</c><00:40:33.040><c> robots</c><00:40:33.440><c> in</c><00:40:33.599><c> them</c><00:40:33.760><c> have</c><00:40:33.920><c> promised</c><00:40:34.319><c> a</c>

00:40:34.309 --> 00:40:34.319 align:start position:0%
with fake robots in them have promised a
 

00:40:34.319 --> 00:40:35.589 align:start position:0%
with fake robots in them have promised a
lot<00:40:34.560><c> to</c><00:40:34.640><c> the</c><00:40:34.800><c> world</c>

00:40:35.589 --> 00:40:35.599 align:start position:0%
lot to the world
 

00:40:35.599 --> 00:40:37.510 align:start position:0%
lot to the world
uh<00:40:36.240><c> but</c><00:40:36.400><c> we</c><00:40:36.720><c> we</c><00:40:36.880><c> really</c><00:40:37.119><c> have</c><00:40:37.280><c> to</c><00:40:37.359><c> start</c>

00:40:37.510 --> 00:40:37.520 align:start position:0%
uh but we we really have to start
 

00:40:37.520 --> 00:40:39.109 align:start position:0%
uh but we we really have to start
delivering<00:40:38.079><c> so</c><00:40:38.240><c> we</c><00:40:38.400><c> need</c><00:40:38.560><c> to</c><00:40:38.640><c> think</c><00:40:38.800><c> about</c>

00:40:39.109 --> 00:40:39.119 align:start position:0%
delivering so we need to think about
 

00:40:39.119 --> 00:40:39.589 align:start position:0%
delivering so we need to think about
what

00:40:39.589 --> 00:40:39.599 align:start position:0%
what
 

00:40:39.599 --> 00:40:41.589 align:start position:0%
what
what<00:40:39.839><c> robots</c><00:40:40.240><c> can</c><00:40:40.400><c> really</c><00:40:40.720><c> practically</c><00:40:41.359><c> do</c>

00:40:41.589 --> 00:40:41.599 align:start position:0%
what robots can really practically do
 

00:40:41.599 --> 00:40:43.589 align:start position:0%
what robots can really practically do
for<00:40:41.760><c> people</c>

00:40:43.589 --> 00:40:43.599 align:start position:0%
for people
 

00:40:43.599 --> 00:40:45.030 align:start position:0%
for people
is<00:40:43.760><c> there</c><00:40:43.920><c> anything</c><00:40:44.160><c> that</c><00:40:44.319><c> we've</c><00:40:44.560><c> missed</c><00:40:44.880><c> or</c>

00:40:45.030 --> 00:40:45.040 align:start position:0%
is there anything that we've missed or
 

00:40:45.040 --> 00:40:46.630 align:start position:0%
is there anything that we've missed or
anything<00:40:45.440><c> else</c><00:40:45.599><c> you</c><00:40:45.680><c> want</c><00:40:45.839><c> to</c><00:40:45.920><c> talk</c><00:40:46.160><c> about</c>

00:40:46.630 --> 00:40:46.640 align:start position:0%
anything else you want to talk about
 

00:40:46.640 --> 00:40:49.030 align:start position:0%
anything else you want to talk about
oh<00:40:47.359><c> i'm</c><00:40:47.520><c> sure</c><00:40:47.760><c> there's</c><00:40:47.920><c> a</c><00:40:48.000><c> ton</c><00:40:48.240><c> of</c><00:40:48.319><c> things</c><00:40:48.800><c> that</c>

00:40:49.030 --> 00:40:49.040 align:start position:0%
oh i'm sure there's a ton of things that
 

00:40:49.040 --> 00:40:50.950 align:start position:0%
oh i'm sure there's a ton of things that
we<00:40:49.359><c> missed</c>

00:40:50.950 --> 00:40:50.960 align:start position:0%
we missed
 

00:40:50.960 --> 00:40:53.510 align:start position:0%
we missed
uh<00:40:51.520><c> but</c><00:40:51.920><c> uh</c><00:40:52.240><c> yeah</c><00:40:52.720><c> well</c><00:40:52.960><c> i</c><00:40:53.040><c> think</c><00:40:53.200><c> i'm</c><00:40:53.359><c> all</c>

00:40:53.510 --> 00:40:53.520 align:start position:0%
uh but uh yeah well i think i'm all
 

00:40:53.520 --> 00:40:54.710 align:start position:0%
uh but uh yeah well i think i'm all
talked<00:40:53.839><c> out</c>

00:40:54.710 --> 00:40:54.720 align:start position:0%
talked out
 

00:40:54.720 --> 00:40:56.390 align:start position:0%
talked out
well<00:40:54.960><c> great</c><00:40:55.119><c> well</c><00:40:55.280><c> thank</c><00:40:55.359><c> you</c><00:40:55.520><c> very</c><00:40:55.680><c> much</c><00:40:56.079><c> yeah</c>

00:40:56.390 --> 00:40:56.400 align:start position:0%
well great well thank you very much yeah
 

00:40:56.400 --> 00:40:59.359 align:start position:0%
well great well thank you very much yeah
yeah<00:40:56.640><c> you're</c><00:40:56.800><c> welcome</c>