WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:03.439 --> 00:00:04.309 align:start position:0% um 00:00:04.309 --> 00:00:04.319 align:start position:0% um 00:00:04.319 --> 00:00:06.789 align:start position:0% um so<00:00:04.560> i<00:00:04.640> just<00:00:04.799> want<00:00:04.960> to<00:00:05.680> start<00:00:06.000> by<00:00:06.240> asking<00:00:06.560> you<00:00:06.720> a 00:00:06.789 --> 00:00:06.799 align:start position:0% so i just want to start by asking you a 00:00:06.799 --> 00:00:08.230 align:start position:0% so i just want to start by asking you a bit<00:00:06.960> about<00:00:07.279> you<00:00:07.440> know<00:00:07.520> where<00:00:07.680> you<00:00:07.759> were<00:00:07.919> born 00:00:08.230 --> 00:00:08.240 align:start position:0% bit about you know where you were born 00:00:08.240 --> 00:00:09.110 align:start position:0% bit about you know where you were born where<00:00:08.400> you<00:00:08.559> grew<00:00:08.800> up 00:00:09.110 --> 00:00:09.120 align:start position:0% where you grew up 00:00:09.120 --> 00:00:11.669 align:start position:0% where you grew up sure<00:00:09.840> when<00:00:10.080> you<00:00:10.160> first<00:00:10.639> began<00:00:11.040> your<00:00:11.200> studies 00:00:11.669 --> 00:00:11.679 align:start position:0% sure when you first began your studies 00:00:11.679 --> 00:00:12.629 align:start position:0% sure when you first began your studies sure 00:00:12.629 --> 00:00:12.639 align:start position:0% sure 00:00:12.639 --> 00:00:14.390 align:start position:0% sure so<00:00:13.120> uh<00:00:13.360> should<00:00:13.599> i<00:00:13.679> just<00:00:13.920> sort<00:00:14.080> of<00:00:14.240> free 00:00:14.390 --> 00:00:14.400 align:start position:0% so uh should i just sort of free 00:00:14.400 --> 00:00:16.070 align:start position:0% so uh should i just sort of free associate<00:00:14.880> and<00:00:14.960> talk<00:00:14.880> talking 00:00:16.070 --> 00:00:16.080 align:start position:0% associate and talk talking 00:00:16.080 --> 00:00:19.429 align:start position:0% associate and talk talking so<00:00:17.279> i<00:00:17.920> was<00:00:18.400> born<00:00:18.640> and<00:00:18.720> brought<00:00:18.960> up<00:00:19.119> in 00:00:19.429 --> 00:00:19.439 align:start position:0% so i was born and brought up in 00:00:19.439 --> 00:00:23.109 align:start position:0% so i was born and brought up in india<00:00:20.880> where<00:00:21.119> i<00:00:21.199> spent<00:00:22.080> the<00:00:22.240> first 00:00:23.109 --> 00:00:23.119 align:start position:0% india where i spent the first 00:00:23.119 --> 00:00:26.150 align:start position:0% india where i spent the first 21<00:00:23.519> years<00:00:23.760> of<00:00:23.840> my<00:00:24.000> life<00:00:25.760> i 00:00:26.150 --> 00:00:26.160 align:start position:0% 21 years of my life i 00:00:26.160 --> 00:00:29.750 align:start position:0% 21 years of my life i came<00:00:26.480> to<00:00:27.920> came<00:00:28.160> to<00:00:28.320> usc<00:00:28.960> after<00:00:29.199> finishing<00:00:29.599> my 00:00:29.750 --> 00:00:29.760 align:start position:0% came to came to usc after finishing my 00:00:29.760 --> 00:00:31.750 align:start position:0% came to came to usc after finishing my undergraduate<00:00:30.400> degree<00:00:30.720> at<00:00:30.960> iit 00:00:31.750 --> 00:00:31.760 align:start position:0% undergraduate degree at iit 00:00:31.760 --> 00:00:35.430 align:start position:0% undergraduate degree at iit in<00:00:31.920> bombay<00:00:32.480> in<00:00:32.640> mumbai<00:00:34.399> i<00:00:34.559> came<00:00:34.719> to<00:00:34.880> usc<00:00:35.280> as<00:00:35.360> a 00:00:35.430 --> 00:00:35.440 align:start position:0% in bombay in mumbai i came to usc as a 00:00:35.440 --> 00:00:38.069 align:start position:0% in bombay in mumbai i came to usc as a graduate<00:00:35.920> student<00:00:36.239> in<00:00:36.320> 1991 00:00:38.069 --> 00:00:38.079 align:start position:0% graduate student in 1991 00:00:38.079 --> 00:00:41.830 align:start position:0% graduate student in 1991 and<00:00:39.440> did<00:00:39.680> my<00:00:40.079> master's<00:00:40.559> in<00:00:40.719> doctoral<00:00:41.120> degrees 00:00:41.830 --> 00:00:41.840 align:start position:0% and did my master's in doctoral degrees 00:00:41.840 --> 00:00:45.510 align:start position:0% and did my master's in doctoral degrees here<00:00:42.079> at<00:00:42.239> usc<00:00:43.440> and<00:00:44.000> uh<00:00:44.559> subsequently<00:00:45.200> i<00:00:45.280> joined 00:00:45.510 --> 00:00:45.520 align:start position:0% here at usc and uh subsequently i joined 00:00:45.520 --> 00:00:47.270 align:start position:0% here at usc and uh subsequently i joined the<00:00:45.680> faculty<00:00:46.079> at<00:00:46.160> usc<00:00:46.719> and<00:00:46.800> now 00:00:47.270 --> 00:00:47.280 align:start position:0% the faculty at usc and now 00:00:47.280 --> 00:00:49.750 align:start position:0% the faculty at usc and now i'm<00:00:47.600> i'm<00:00:47.840> a<00:00:47.920> professor<00:00:48.399> at<00:00:48.480> usc<00:00:48.960> now<00:00:49.280> computer 00:00:49.750 --> 00:00:49.760 align:start position:0% i'm i'm a professor at usc now computer 00:00:49.760 --> 00:00:50.470 align:start position:0% i'm i'm a professor at usc now computer science<00:00:50.160> and 00:00:50.470 --> 00:00:50.480 align:start position:0% science and 00:00:50.480 --> 00:00:53.270 align:start position:0% science and electrical<00:00:50.960> engineering<00:00:52.000> and<00:00:52.320> i<00:00:52.559> run<00:00:53.039> a 00:00:53.270 --> 00:00:53.280 align:start position:0% electrical engineering and i run a 00:00:53.280 --> 00:00:54.549 align:start position:0% electrical engineering and i run a laboratory<00:00:53.840> at<00:00:53.920> usc 00:00:54.549 --> 00:00:54.559 align:start position:0% laboratory at usc 00:00:54.559 --> 00:00:56.869 align:start position:0% laboratory at usc called<00:00:54.879> the<00:00:55.600> robotic<00:00:56.079> embedded<00:00:56.480> systems 00:00:56.869 --> 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00:01:03.840 align:start position:0% my graduate career as well as my 00:01:03.840 --> 00:01:06.789 align:start position:0% my graduate career as well as my professional<00:01:04.239> career<00:01:05.280> at<00:01:05.680> one<00:01:05.920> university 00:01:06.789 --> 00:01:06.799 align:start position:0% professional career at one university 00:01:06.799 --> 00:01:10.870 align:start position:0% professional career at one university at<00:01:06.960> usc<00:01:08.960> uh<00:01:09.200> what<00:01:09.360> did<00:01:09.520> you<00:01:09.680> study<00:01:09.920> at<00:01:10.080> iit 00:01:10.870 --> 00:01:10.880 align:start position:0% at usc uh what did you study at iit 00:01:10.880 --> 00:01:14.710 align:start position:0% at usc uh what did you study at iit at<00:01:11.119> iit<00:01:11.680> i<00:01:11.840> majored<00:01:12.320> in<00:01:13.280> in<00:01:13.760> computer<00:01:14.240> science 00:01:14.710 --> 00:01:14.720 align:start position:0% at iit i majored in in computer science 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would<00:01:20.320> be<00:01:20.479> a<00:01:20.560> blend<00:01:20.960> of<00:01:21.119> computer<00:01:21.520> science<00:01:21.920> and 00:01:21.990 --> 00:01:22.000 align:start position:0% would be a blend of computer science and 00:01:22.000 --> 00:01:23.510 align:start position:0% would be a blend of computer science and computer<00:01:22.479> engineering<00:01:22.960> but<00:01:23.119> it's 00:01:23.510 --> 00:01:23.520 align:start position:0% computer engineering but it's 00:01:23.520 --> 00:01:25.190 align:start position:0% computer engineering but it's called<00:01:23.759> one<00:01:24.000> major<00:01:24.400> computer<00:01:24.799> science<00:01:25.119> and 00:01:25.190 --> 00:01:25.200 align:start position:0% called one major computer science and 00:01:25.200 --> 00:01:27.350 align:start position:0% called one major computer science and engineering<00:01:26.479> when<00:01:26.640> did<00:01:26.799> you<00:01:26.880> first<00:01:27.040> become 00:01:27.350 --> 00:01:27.360 align:start position:0% engineering when did you first become 00:01:27.360 --> 00:01:28.870 align:start position:0% engineering when did you first become interested<00:01:27.759> in<00:01:27.840> robotics 00:01:28.870 --> 00:01:28.880 align:start position:0% interested in robotics 00:01:28.880 --> 00:01:31.109 align:start position:0% interested in robotics i<00:01:28.960> became<00:01:29.280> interested<00:01:29.680> in<00:01:29.759> robotics<00:01:30.799> i<00:01:30.880> had<00:01:31.040> a 00:01:31.109 --> 00:01:31.119 align:start position:0% i became interested in robotics i had a 00:01:31.119 --> 00:01:33.030 align:start position:0% i became interested in robotics i had a casual<00:01:31.520> interest<00:01:31.840> in<00:01:31.920> robotics 00:01:33.030 --> 00:01:33.040 align:start position:0% casual interest in robotics 00:01:33.040 --> 00:01:35.990 align:start position:0% casual interest in robotics growing<00:01:33.439> up<00:01:34.159> but<00:01:34.400> it<00:01:34.479> was<00:01:34.960> a<00:01:35.119> mix<00:01:35.360> of<00:01:35.520> interests 00:01:35.990 --> 00:01:36.000 align:start position:0% growing up but it was a mix of interests 00:01:36.000 --> 00:01:37.830 align:start position:0% growing up but it was a mix of interests in<00:01:36.159> computing<00:01:36.799> and<00:01:36.960> in<00:01:37.119> robotics 00:01:37.830 --> 00:01:37.840 align:start position:0% in computing and in robotics 00:01:37.840 --> 00:01:39.990 align:start position:0% in computing and in robotics and<00:01:38.079> in<00:01:38.240> technology<00:01:38.880> in<00:01:39.040> general<00:01:39.520> so<00:01:39.680> i<00:01:39.759> can't 00:01:39.990 --> 00:01:40.000 align:start position:0% and in technology in general so i can't 00:01:40.000 --> 00:01:42.310 align:start position:0% and in technology in general so i can't say<00:01:40.159> that<00:01:40.720> as<00:01:40.880> a<00:01:40.960> teenager<00:01:41.439> i<00:01:41.520> was<00:01:41.759> necessarily 00:01:42.310 --> 00:01:42.320 align:start position:0% say that as a teenager i was necessarily 00:01:42.320 --> 00:01:43.990 align:start position:0% say that as a teenager i was necessarily more<00:01:42.479> passionate<00:01:42.880> about<00:01:43.119> robots<00:01:43.520> than<00:01:43.680> i<00:01:43.759> was 00:01:43.990 --> 00:01:44.000 align:start position:0% more passionate about robots than i was 00:01:44.000 --> 00:01:45.030 align:start position:0% more passionate about robots than i was about<00:01:44.240> other 00:01:45.030 --> 00:01:45.040 align:start position:0% about other 00:01:45.040 --> 00:01:47.190 align:start position:0% about other other<00:01:45.360> facets<00:01:45.840> of<00:01:45.920> technology<00:01:46.799> but<00:01:46.960> i<00:01:47.040> was 00:01:47.190 --> 00:01:47.200 align:start position:0% other facets of technology but i was 00:01:47.200 --> 00:01:50.789 align:start position:0% other facets of technology but i was quite<00:01:47.360> passionate<00:01:47.759> about<00:01:47.920> computer<00:01:48.320> science 00:01:50.789 --> 00:01:50.799 align:start position:0% 00:01:50.799 --> 00:01:53.749 align:start position:0% my<00:01:51.040> interest<00:01:51.360> in<00:01:51.520> robotics<00:01:52.799> really<00:01:53.119> goes<00:01:53.439> back 00:01:53.749 --> 00:01:53.759 align:start position:0% my interest in robotics really goes back 00:01:53.759 --> 00:01:54.789 align:start position:0% my interest in robotics really goes back to 00:01:54.789 --> 00:01:54.799 align:start position:0% to 00:01:54.799 --> 00:01:57.270 align:start position:0% to my<00:01:55.040> early<00:01:55.360> days<00:01:55.680> at<00:01:55.920> iit<00:01:56.399> bombay<00:01:56.719> where<00:01:56.960> i<00:01:57.040> did 00:01:57.270 --> 00:01:57.280 align:start position:0% my early days at iit bombay where i did 00:01:57.280 --> 00:01:58.310 align:start position:0% my early days at iit bombay where i did some 00:01:58.310 --> 00:01:58.320 align:start position:0% some 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artificial intelligence aka<00:02:05.920> robotics<00:02:06.880> and<00:02:06.960> so<00:02:07.119> it<00:02:07.280> was<00:02:07.439> roughly<00:02:07.840> as<00:02:08.000> a 00:02:08.070 --> 00:02:08.080 align:start position:0% aka robotics and so it was roughly as a 00:02:08.080 --> 00:02:10.070 align:start position:0% aka robotics and so it was roughly as a freshman<00:02:08.560> or<00:02:08.720> sophomore 00:02:10.070 --> 00:02:10.080 align:start position:0% freshman or sophomore 00:02:10.080 --> 00:02:12.229 align:start position:0% freshman or sophomore somewhere<00:02:10.399> in<00:02:10.479> that<00:02:10.640> period<00:02:11.039> where<00:02:11.680> through 00:02:12.229 --> 00:02:12.239 align:start position:0% somewhere in that period where through 00:02:12.239 --> 00:02:14.470 align:start position:0% somewhere in that period where through reading<00:02:12.720> i<00:02:12.959> i<00:02:13.120> became<00:02:13.440> aware<00:02:13.840> that<00:02:14.000> there<00:02:14.160> was 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you<00:02:20.800> know<00:02:20.879> i<00:02:21.040> was<00:02:21.120> an<00:02:21.280> avid<00:02:21.520> reader<00:02:22.160> and<00:02:22.640> i<00:02:22.800> was 00:02:22.869 --> 00:02:22.879 align:start position:0% you know i was an avid reader and i was 00:02:22.879 --> 00:02:24.470 align:start position:0% you know i was an avid reader and i was also<00:02:23.120> an<00:02:23.200> avid<00:02:23.360> reader<00:02:23.599> of<00:02:23.680> fiction<00:02:24.080> which<00:02:24.319> had 00:02:24.470 --> 00:02:24.480 align:start position:0% also an avid reader of fiction which had 00:02:24.480 --> 00:02:25.910 align:start position:0% also an avid reader of fiction which had fired<00:02:24.720> my<00:02:24.879> imagination 00:02:25.910 --> 00:02:25.920 align:start position:0% fired my imagination 00:02:25.920 --> 00:02:27.910 align:start position:0% fired my imagination but<00:02:26.319> but<00:02:26.560> it<00:02:26.640> was<00:02:26.800> roughly<00:02:27.120> at<00:02:27.200> that<00:02:27.440> time<00:02:27.680> as<00:02:27.840> a 00:02:27.910 --> 00:02:27.920 align:start position:0% but but it was roughly at that time as a 00:02:27.920 --> 00:02:29.750 align:start position:0% but but it was roughly at that time as a 19<00:02:28.319> or<00:02:28.400> 20<00:02:28.640> year<00:02:28.720> old<00:02:28.879> that<00:02:28.959> i<00:02:29.120> really<00:02:29.280> began<00:02:29.520> to 00:02:29.750 --> 00:02:29.760 align:start position:0% 19 or 20 year old that i really began to 00:02:29.760 --> 00:02:31.110 align:start position:0% 19 or 20 year old that i really began to sort<00:02:29.920> of<00:02:30.000> read<00:02:30.239> what<00:02:30.400> people<00:02:30.640> had<00:02:30.800> started<00:02:31.040> to 00:02:31.110 --> 00:02:31.120 align:start position:0% sort of read what people had started to 00:02:31.120 --> 00:02:32.869 align:start position:0% sort of read what people had started to do<00:02:31.280> in<00:02:31.440> the<00:02:31.519> field 00:02:32.869 --> 00:02:32.879 align:start position:0% do in the field 00:02:32.879 --> 00:02:35.190 align:start position:0% do in the field in<00:02:32.959> terms<00:02:33.200> of<00:02:33.360> research<00:02:34.239> and<00:02:34.400> so<00:02:34.800> when<00:02:34.959> i<00:02:35.040> came 00:02:35.190 --> 00:02:35.200 align:start position:0% in terms of research and so when i came 00:02:35.200 --> 00:02:37.030 align:start position:0% in terms of research and so when i came to<00:02:35.360> usc<00:02:35.840> as<00:02:35.920> a<00:02:36.080> graduate<00:02:36.560> student 00:02:37.030 --> 00:02:37.040 align:start position:0% to usc as a graduate student 00:02:37.040 --> 00:02:40.470 align:start position:0% to usc as a graduate student in<00:02:37.200> 1991<00:02:38.720> i<00:02:38.800> had<00:02:38.959> this<00:02:39.440> vague<00:02:39.840> informed<00:02:40.239> idea 00:02:40.470 --> 00:02:40.480 align:start position:0% in 1991 i had this vague informed idea 00:02:40.480 --> 00:02:42.070 align:start position:0% in 1991 i had this vague informed idea in<00:02:40.560> my<00:02:40.720> mind<00:02:40.959> that<00:02:41.120> i<00:02:41.280> i<00:02:41.440> would<00:02:41.599> definitely 00:02:42.070 --> 00:02:42.080 align:start position:0% in my mind that i i would definitely 00:02:42.080 --> 00:02:44.070 align:start position:0% in my mind that i i would definitely specialize<00:02:42.560> in<00:02:42.800> in<00:02:43.040> artificial<00:02:43.519> in 00:02:44.070 --> 00:02:44.080 align:start position:0% specialize in in artificial in 00:02:44.080 --> 00:02:46.869 align:start position:0% specialize in in artificial in in<00:02:44.239> artificial<00:02:44.720> intelligence<00:02:45.440> in<00:02:45.599> ai<00:02:46.560> and<00:02:46.800> and 00:02:46.869 --> 00:02:46.879 align:start position:0% in artificial intelligence in ai and and 00:02:46.879 --> 00:02:47.830 align:start position:0% in artificial intelligence in ai and and more<00:02:47.040> precisely 00:02:47.830 --> 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00:03:00.480 align:start position:0% have much deeper sense than that but but 00:03:00.480 --> 00:03:03.030 align:start position:0% have much deeper sense than that but but but<00:03:00.800> i<00:03:00.879> had<00:03:01.040> sort<00:03:01.280> of<00:03:01.360> had<00:03:01.599> that 00:03:03.030 --> 00:03:03.040 align:start position:0% but i had sort of had that 00:03:03.040 --> 00:03:05.190 align:start position:0% but i had sort of had that and<00:03:03.200> then<00:03:03.360> i<00:03:03.519> slowly<00:03:04.239> i<00:03:04.319> slowly<00:03:04.720> sort<00:03:04.879> of<00:03:04.959> built 00:03:05.190 --> 00:03:05.200 align:start position:0% and then i slowly i slowly sort of built 00:03:05.200 --> 00:03:06.149 align:start position:0% and then i slowly i slowly sort of built on<00:03:05.280> that<00:03:05.519> interest 00:03:06.149 --> 00:03:06.159 align:start position:0% on that interest 00:03:06.159 --> 00:03:08.390 align:start position:0% on that interest but<00:03:06.560> i<00:03:06.800> i<00:03:06.959> would<00:03:07.120> say<00:03:07.280> my<00:03:07.440> early<00:03:07.840> interest<00:03:08.159> was 00:03:08.390 --> 00:03:08.400 align:start position:0% but i i would say my early interest was 00:03:08.400 --> 00:03:10.070 align:start position:0% but i i would say my early interest was roughly<00:03:08.720> when<00:03:08.879> i<00:03:09.040> was 00:03:10.070 --> 00:03:10.080 align:start position:0% roughly when i was 00:03:10.080 --> 00:03:12.869 align:start position:0% roughly when i was late<00:03:10.319> teens<00:03:10.879> or<00:03:12.080> undergrad<00:03:12.560> were<00:03:12.640> there<00:03:12.720> any 00:03:12.869 --> 00:03:12.879 align:start position:0% late teens or undergrad were there any 00:03:12.879 --> 00:03:13.430 align:start position:0% late teens or undergrad were there any specific 00:03:13.430 --> 00:03:13.440 align:start position:0% specific 00:03:13.440 --> 00:03:15.670 align:start position:0% specific books<00:03:13.920> or<00:03:14.159> researchers<00:03:14.800> or<00:03:14.959> robots<00:03:15.440> that 00:03:15.670 --> 00:03:15.680 align:start position:0% books or researchers or robots that 00:03:15.680 --> 00:03:18.390 align:start position:0% books or researchers or robots that stand<00:03:16.080> out<00:03:16.239> that 00:03:18.390 --> 00:03:18.400 align:start position:0% stand out that 00:03:18.400 --> 00:03:21.990 align:start position:0% stand out that yeah<00:03:18.720> so<00:03:20.080> probably<00:03:20.800> when<00:03:20.959> i 00:03:21.990 --> 00:03:22.000 align:start position:0% yeah so probably when i 00:03:22.000 --> 00:03:23.910 align:start position:0% yeah so probably when i some<00:03:22.239> of<00:03:22.319> the<00:03:22.400> earliest<00:03:22.879> research<00:03:23.280> robots<00:03:23.760> i 00:03:23.910 --> 00:03:23.920 align:start position:0% some of the earliest research robots i 00:03:23.920 --> 00:03:25.990 align:start position:0% some of the earliest research robots i read<00:03:24.080> about<00:03:24.400> when<00:03:24.640> i<00:03:24.720> was<00:03:25.120> uh 00:03:25.990 --> 00:03:26.000 align:start position:0% read about when i was uh 00:03:26.000 --> 00:03:28.550 align:start position:0% read about when i was uh 19<00:03:26.400> or<00:03:26.560> 20<00:03:26.799> years<00:03:27.040> old<00:03:27.280> as<00:03:27.440> a<00:03:27.599> freshman<00:03:28.400> or 00:03:28.550 --> 00:03:28.560 align:start position:0% 19 or 20 years old as a freshman or 00:03:28.560 --> 00:03:30.789 align:start position:0% 19 or 20 years old as a freshman or sophomore 00:03:30.789 --> 00:03:30.799 align:start position:0% sophomore 00:03:30.799 --> 00:03:33.589 align:start position:0% sophomore there<00:03:31.040> were<00:03:31.360> several<00:03:31.760> i'll<00:03:32.000> name<00:03:32.239> a<00:03:32.400> few<00:03:33.360> one 00:03:33.589 --> 00:03:33.599 align:start position:0% there were several i'll name a few one 00:03:33.599 --> 00:03:34.070 align:start position:0% there were several i'll name a few one that 00:03:34.070 --> 00:03:34.080 align:start position:0% that 00:03:34.080 --> 00:03:37.589 align:start position:0% that really<00:03:34.480> captured<00:03:34.799> my<00:03:35.040> imagination<00:03:36.080> um 00:03:37.589 --> 00:03:37.599 align:start position:0% really captured my imagination um 00:03:37.599 --> 00:03:39.110 align:start position:0% really captured my imagination um a<00:03:37.760> series<00:03:38.080> of<00:03:38.159> robots<00:03:38.560> that<00:03:38.640> captured<00:03:38.959> my 00:03:39.110 --> 00:03:39.120 align:start position:0% a series of robots that captured my 00:03:39.120 --> 00:03:41.750 align:start position:0% a series of robots that captured my imagination<00:03:40.159> were<00:03:40.319> the<00:03:40.400> robots<00:03:40.879> built<00:03:41.200> by 00:03:41.750 --> 00:03:41.760 align:start position:0% imagination were the robots built by 00:03:41.760 --> 00:03:44.789 align:start position:0% imagination were the robots built by gray<00:03:42.000> walter<00:03:43.040> in<00:03:43.200> england<00:03:43.840> in<00:03:44.080> the 00:03:44.789 --> 00:03:44.799 align:start position:0% gray walter in england in the 00:03:44.799 --> 00:03:46.869 align:start position:0% gray walter in england in the i'm<00:03:44.959> guessing<00:03:45.280> the<00:03:45.440> late<00:03:45.680> 50s<00:03:46.159> though<00:03:46.560> i<00:03:46.720> i 00:03:46.869 --> 00:03:46.879 align:start position:0% i'm guessing the late 50s though i i 00:03:46.879 --> 00:03:48.470 align:start position:0% i'm guessing the late 50s though i i can't<00:03:47.040> be<00:03:47.120> sure<00:03:47.360> of<00:03:47.440> that<00:03:47.680> anymore 00:03:48.470 --> 00:03:48.480 align:start position:0% can't be sure of that anymore 00:03:48.480 --> 00:03:51.270 align:start position:0% can't be sure of that anymore um<00:03:48.799> and<00:03:48.879> these<00:03:49.040> were<00:03:49.200> the<00:03:50.080> late<00:03:50.319> 40s<00:03:50.799> yeah<00:03:51.040> late 00:03:51.270 --> 00:03:51.280 align:start position:0% um and these were the late 40s yeah late 00:03:51.280 --> 00:03:52.309 align:start position:0% um and these were the late 40s yeah late 40s<00:03:51.599> they<00:03:51.760> were 00:03:52.309 --> 00:03:52.319 align:start position:0% 40s they were 00:03:52.319 --> 00:03:54.710 align:start position:0% 40s they were and<00:03:52.640> these<00:03:52.879> were<00:03:53.040> the<00:03:53.680> grey<00:03:53.920> walter<00:03:54.319> tortor's 00:03:54.710 --> 00:03:54.720 align:start position:0% and these were the grey walter tortor's 00:03:54.720 --> 00:03:56.149 align:start position:0% and these were the grey walter tortor's robots<00:03:55.200> right<00:03:55.519> and<00:03:55.680> i<00:03:55.760> saw 00:03:56.149 --> 00:03:56.159 align:start position:0% robots right and i saw 00:03:56.159 --> 00:03:58.949 align:start position:0% robots right and i saw an<00:03:56.480> old<00:03:56.720> bbc<00:03:57.200> movie<00:03:57.519> about<00:03:57.840> them<00:03:58.480> which<00:03:58.720> is 00:03:58.949 --> 00:03:58.959 align:start position:0% an old bbc movie about them which is 00:03:58.959 --> 00:04:00.949 align:start position:0% an old bbc movie about them which is which<00:03:59.200> is<00:03:59.360> very<00:03:59.680> very<00:03:59.920> nice<00:04:00.159> i<00:04:00.319> still<00:04:00.480> have<00:04:00.720> it 00:04:00.949 --> 00:04:00.959 align:start position:0% which is very very nice i still have it 00:04:00.959 --> 00:04:03.429 align:start position:0% which is very very nice i still have it on<00:04:01.920> and<00:04:02.080> so<00:04:02.239> if<00:04:02.319> you<00:04:02.480> like<00:04:02.720> it<00:04:02.879> i<00:04:03.040> i<00:04:03.120> would<00:04:03.360> i 00:04:03.429 --> 00:04:03.439 align:start position:0% on and so if you like it i i would i 00:04:03.439 --> 00:04:04.869 align:start position:0% on and so if you like it i i would i would<00:04:03.599> love<00:04:03.760> to<00:04:04.000> i<00:04:04.080> would<00:04:04.239> love<00:04:04.400> to<00:04:04.480> share<00:04:04.720> that 00:04:04.869 --> 00:04:04.879 align:start position:0% would love to i would love to share that 00:04:04.879 --> 00:04:06.710 align:start position:0% would love to i would love to share that with<00:04:05.040> you<00:04:05.200> it's<00:04:05.519> an<00:04:05.680> outstanding<00:04:06.319> clip 00:04:06.710 --> 00:04:06.720 align:start position:0% with you it's an outstanding clip 00:04:06.720 --> 00:04:09.270 align:start position:0% with you it's an outstanding clip of<00:04:07.200> what<00:04:07.439> these<00:04:07.680> machines<00:04:08.239> did<00:04:09.040> in<00:04:09.200> the 00:04:09.270 --> 00:04:09.280 align:start position:0% of what these machines did in the 00:04:09.280 --> 00:04:11.589 align:start position:0% of what these machines did in the pre-digital<00:04:10.000> computer<00:04:10.480> age 00:04:11.589 --> 00:04:11.599 align:start position:0% pre-digital computer age 00:04:11.599 --> 00:04:13.190 align:start position:0% pre-digital computer age but<00:04:11.760> what<00:04:12.000> fired<00:04:12.239> my<00:04:12.400> imagination<00:04:12.879> about<00:04:13.040> them 00:04:13.190 --> 00:04:13.200 align:start position:0% but what fired my imagination about them 00:04:13.200 --> 00:04:14.949 align:start position:0% but what fired my imagination about them were<00:04:13.439> that<00:04:13.519> they<00:04:13.680> were<00:04:13.840> marvels<00:04:14.239> of<00:04:14.400> computing 00:04:14.949 --> 00:04:14.959 align:start position:0% were that they were marvels of computing 00:04:14.959 --> 00:04:16.150 align:start position:0% were that they were marvels of computing in<00:04:15.120> a<00:04:15.200> way 00:04:16.150 --> 00:04:16.160 align:start position:0% in a way 00:04:16.160 --> 00:04:17.990 align:start position:0% in a way they<00:04:16.320> were<00:04:16.479> marvels<00:04:17.040> to<00:04:17.199> me<00:04:17.440> of<00:04:17.600> physically 00:04:17.990 --> 00:04:18.000 align:start position:0% they were marvels to me of physically 00:04:18.000 --> 00:04:19.670 align:start position:0% they were marvels to me of physically embodied<00:04:18.479> computing<00:04:19.120> they<00:04:19.280> were<00:04:19.440> not 00:04:19.670 --> 00:04:19.680 align:start position:0% embodied computing they were not 00:04:19.680 --> 00:04:21.349 align:start position:0% embodied computing they were not necessarily<00:04:20.400> marvelous 00:04:21.349 --> 00:04:21.359 align:start position:0% necessarily marvelous 00:04:21.359 --> 00:04:23.590 align:start position:0% necessarily marvelous mechanical<00:04:21.919> creatures<00:04:22.720> they<00:04:22.880> were<00:04:23.120> ingenious 00:04:23.590 --> 00:04:23.600 align:start position:0% mechanical creatures they were ingenious 00:04:23.600 --> 00:04:24.870 align:start position:0% mechanical creatures they were ingenious certainly<00:04:24.000> mechanically 00:04:24.870 --> 00:04:24.880 align:start position:0% certainly mechanically 00:04:24.880 --> 00:04:26.469 align:start position:0% certainly mechanically but<00:04:25.040> to<00:04:25.199> me<00:04:25.440> they<00:04:25.759> sort<00:04:26.000> of<00:04:26.080> fired<00:04:26.320> my 00:04:26.469 --> 00:04:26.479 align:start position:0% but to me they sort of fired my 00:04:26.479 --> 00:04:28.070 align:start position:0% but to me they sort of fired my imagination<00:04:27.199> as<00:04:27.360> a<00:04:27.440> way<00:04:27.600> of<00:04:27.680> thinking 00:04:28.070 --> 00:04:28.080 align:start position:0% imagination as a way of thinking 00:04:28.080 --> 00:04:31.430 align:start position:0% imagination as a way of thinking about<00:04:28.560> physically<00:04:29.040> embodying<00:04:29.600> computation 00:04:31.430 --> 00:04:31.440 align:start position:0% about physically embodying computation 00:04:31.440 --> 00:04:34.230 align:start position:0% about physically embodying computation and<00:04:31.520> that's<00:04:31.759> what<00:04:31.840> they<00:04:32.000> meant<00:04:32.160> to<00:04:32.320> me<00:04:33.840> i<00:04:34.000> was 00:04:34.230 --> 00:04:34.240 align:start position:0% and that's what they meant to me i was 00:04:34.240 --> 00:04:35.830 align:start position:0% and that's what they meant to me i was very<00:04:34.560> very<00:04:34.800> happy<00:04:35.040> to<00:04:35.199> learn<00:04:35.440> later<00:04:35.759> that 00:04:35.830 --> 00:04:35.840 align:start position:0% very very happy to learn later that 00:04:35.840 --> 00:04:37.270 align:start position:0% very very happy to learn later that that's<00:04:36.160> also<00:04:36.400> what<00:04:36.560> they<00:04:36.720> meant<00:04:36.880> to<00:04:36.960> a<00:04:37.040> few 00:04:37.270 --> 00:04:37.280 align:start position:0% that's also what they meant to a few 00:04:37.280 --> 00:04:38.390 align:start position:0% that's also what they meant to a few other<00:04:37.440> people 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made an 00:04:43.680 --> 00:04:45.430 align:start position:0% the other robot that really made an impression<00:04:44.080> on<00:04:44.160> me<00:04:44.720> um 00:04:45.430 --> 00:04:45.440 align:start position:0% impression on me um 00:04:45.440 --> 00:04:47.270 align:start position:0% impression on me um when<00:04:45.680> i<00:04:45.759> was<00:04:46.160> when<00:04:46.320> i<00:04:46.479> first<00:04:46.720> became<00:04:46.960> aware<00:04:47.199> of 00:04:47.270 --> 00:04:47.280 align:start position:0% when i was when i first became aware of 00:04:47.280 --> 00:04:48.870 align:start position:0% when i was when i first became aware of these<00:04:47.440> things<00:04:47.680> in<00:04:47.759> the<00:04:47.840> late<00:04:48.080> 80s 00:04:48.870 --> 00:04:48.880 align:start position:0% these things in the late 80s 00:04:48.880 --> 00:04:51.270 align:start position:0% these things in the late 80s was<00:04:49.440> was<00:04:49.680> shaky<00:04:50.479> which<00:04:50.720> was<00:04:50.960> you<00:04:51.120> know<00:04:51.199> the 00:04:51.270 --> 00:04:51.280 align:start position:0% was was shaky which was you know the 00:04:51.280 --> 00:04:52.710 align:start position:0% was was shaky which was you know the robot<00:04:51.600> built<00:04:51.840> at<00:04:52.000> sri 00:04:52.710 --> 00:04:52.720 align:start position:0% robot built at sri 00:04:52.720 --> 00:04:56.469 align:start position:0% robot built at sri in<00:04:53.120> the<00:04:53.199> 1960s<00:04:54.400> and<00:04:54.880> um 00:04:56.469 --> 00:04:56.479 align:start position:0% in the 1960s and um 00:04:56.479 --> 00:04:58.550 align:start position:0% in the 1960s and um that<00:04:56.800> sort<00:04:56.960> of<00:04:57.040> captured<00:04:57.360> my<00:04:57.520> imagination 00:04:58.550 --> 00:04:58.560 align:start position:0% that sort of captured my imagination 00:04:58.560 --> 00:05:00.390 align:start position:0% that sort of captured my imagination because 00:05:00.390 --> 00:05:00.400 align:start position:0% because 00:05:00.400 --> 00:05:02.790 align:start position:0% because because<00:05:00.720> it<00:05:00.880> sort<00:05:01.120> of<00:05:01.199> showed<00:05:01.520> me<00:05:02.320> another 00:05:02.790 --> 00:05:02.800 align:start position:0% because it sort of showed me another 00:05:02.800 --> 00:05:04.390 align:start position:0% because it sort of showed me another side<00:05:03.039> of<00:05:03.199> robotics<00:05:03.680> as<00:05:03.919> it<00:05:04.000> were 00:05:04.390 --> 00:05:04.400 align:start position:0% side of robotics as it were 00:05:04.400 --> 00:05:05.830 align:start position:0% side of robotics as it were right<00:05:04.639> and<00:05:04.960> that<00:05:05.120> was<00:05:05.199> a<00:05:05.280> very<00:05:05.440> different<00:05:05.680> kind 00:05:05.830 --> 00:05:05.840 align:start position:0% right and that was a very different kind 00:05:05.840 --> 00:05:07.830 align:start position:0% right and that was a very different kind of<00:05:05.919> robot<00:05:06.479> than<00:05:06.880> than<00:05:07.039> the<00:05:07.199> gray<00:05:07.360> waltzer 00:05:07.830 --> 00:05:07.840 align:start position:0% of robot than than the gray waltzer 00:05:07.840 --> 00:05:09.350 align:start position:0% of robot than than the gray waltzer torches<00:05:08.240> robots<00:05:08.720> right 00:05:09.350 --> 00:05:09.360 align:start position:0% torches robots right 00:05:09.360 --> 00:05:11.830 align:start position:0% torches robots right it<00:05:10.000> it<00:05:10.160> had<00:05:10.400> a<00:05:10.479> planner<00:05:10.960> on<00:05:11.120> it<00:05:11.280> and<00:05:11.360> the<00:05:11.440> robot 00:05:11.830 --> 00:05:11.840 align:start position:0% it it had a planner on it and the robot 00:05:11.840 --> 00:05:12.950 align:start position:0% it it had a planner on it and the robot executed 00:05:12.950 --> 00:05:12.960 align:start position:0% executed 00:05:12.960 --> 00:05:15.590 align:start position:0% executed plans<00:05:13.520> and<00:05:13.680> it<00:05:13.840> was<00:05:14.000> able<00:05:14.240> to<00:05:14.960> change<00:05:15.199> its 00:05:15.590 --> 00:05:15.600 align:start position:0% plans and it was able to change its 00:05:15.600 --> 00:05:17.270 align:start position:0% plans and it was able to change its change<00:05:15.919> its<00:05:16.080> mind<00:05:16.400> as<00:05:16.560> it<00:05:16.720> were 00:05:17.270 --> 00:05:17.280 align:start position:0% change its mind as it were 00:05:17.280 --> 00:05:19.510 align:start position:0% change its mind as it were as<00:05:17.440> a<00:05:17.520> result<00:05:17.840> of<00:05:17.919> deliberation<00:05:18.960> and<00:05:19.120> not<00:05:19.360> as<00:05:19.440> a 00:05:19.510 --> 00:05:19.520 align:start position:0% as a result of deliberation and not as a 00:05:19.520 --> 00:05:21.990 align:start position:0% as a result of deliberation and not as a result<00:05:19.840> of<00:05:20.000> reacting<00:05:20.479> to<00:05:20.639> stimuli 00:05:21.990 --> 00:05:22.000 align:start position:0% result of reacting to stimuli 00:05:22.000 --> 00:05:23.670 align:start position:0% result of reacting to stimuli and<00:05:22.560> and<00:05:22.639> that<00:05:22.880> really<00:05:23.280> sort<00:05:23.440> of<00:05:23.520> was<00:05:23.600> a 00:05:23.670 --> 00:05:23.680 align:start position:0% and and that really sort of was a 00:05:23.680 --> 00:05:25.270 align:start position:0% and and that really sort of was a different<00:05:23.919> kind<00:05:24.080> of<00:05:24.160> robot<00:05:24.560> but<00:05:24.720> it<00:05:24.880> also<00:05:25.039> was 00:05:25.270 --> 00:05:25.280 align:start position:0% different kind of robot but it also was 00:05:25.280 --> 00:05:25.670 align:start position:0% different kind of robot but it also was very 00:05:25.670 --> 00:05:25.680 align:start position:0% very 00:05:25.680 --> 00:05:29.029 align:start position:0% very very<00:05:26.000> very<00:05:26.320> impressive<00:05:27.280> and<00:05:27.440> so<00:05:27.840> these<00:05:28.320> were 00:05:29.029 --> 00:05:29.039 align:start position:0% very very impressive and so these were 00:05:29.039 --> 00:05:30.790 align:start position:0% very very impressive and so these were these<00:05:29.199> were<00:05:29.360> really<00:05:29.759> sort<00:05:29.919> of<00:05:30.000> two<00:05:30.240> early<00:05:30.479> ones 00:05:30.790 --> 00:05:30.800 align:start position:0% these were really sort of two early ones 00:05:30.800 --> 00:05:32.550 align:start position:0% these were really sort of two early ones that<00:05:30.960> that<00:05:31.199> really<00:05:31.680> captured<00:05:32.080> my<00:05:32.320> my 00:05:32.550 --> 00:05:32.560 align:start position:0% that that really captured my my 00:05:32.560 --> 00:05:33.350 align:start position:0% that that really captured my my imagination 00:05:33.350 --> 00:05:33.360 align:start position:0% imagination 00:05:33.360 --> 00:05:34.790 align:start position:0% imagination and<00:05:33.520> they<00:05:33.600> had<00:05:33.759> already<00:05:34.000> been<00:05:34.160> around<00:05:34.400> a<00:05:34.479> long 00:05:34.790 --> 00:05:34.800 align:start position:0% and they had already been around a long 00:05:34.800 --> 00:05:36.629 align:start position:0% and they had already been around a long time<00:05:35.199> when<00:05:35.440> i<00:05:35.600> was<00:05:35.759> an<00:05:35.840> undergrad<00:05:36.320> right<00:05:36.479> so 00:05:36.629 --> 00:05:36.639 align:start position:0% time when i was an undergrad right so 00:05:36.639 --> 00:05:38.310 align:start position:0% time when i was an undergrad right so i'm<00:05:37.360> reading<00:05:37.680> about<00:05:37.840> them<00:05:38.080> in 00:05:38.310 --> 00:05:38.320 align:start position:0% i'm reading about them in 00:05:38.320 --> 00:05:41.189 align:start position:0% i'm reading about them in in<00:05:38.400> the<00:05:38.479> late<00:05:38.720> 1980s<00:05:39.840> by<00:05:40.000> which<00:05:40.240> time<00:05:40.880> you<00:05:41.039> know 00:05:41.189 --> 00:05:41.199 align:start position:0% in the late 1980s by which time you know 00:05:41.199 --> 00:05:42.870 align:start position:0% in the late 1980s by which time you know one<00:05:41.360> of<00:05:41.440> them's<00:05:41.680> already<00:05:42.000> 40<00:05:42.320> years<00:05:42.560> old<00:05:42.800> and 00:05:42.870 --> 00:05:42.880 align:start position:0% one of them's already 40 years old and 00:05:42.880 --> 00:05:45.110 align:start position:0% one of them's already 40 years old and the<00:05:42.960> other<00:05:43.120> one<00:05:43.360> is<00:05:43.600> is<00:05:43.840> 20<00:05:44.080> years<00:05:44.320> old<00:05:44.560> right 00:05:45.110 --> 00:05:45.120 align:start position:0% the other one is is 20 years old right 00:05:45.120 --> 00:05:47.270 align:start position:0% the other one is is 20 years old right but<00:05:45.360> but<00:05:45.520> they<00:05:45.840> still<00:05:46.240> represented<00:05:46.880> to<00:05:46.960> me 00:05:47.270 --> 00:05:47.280 align:start position:0% but but they still represented to me 00:05:47.280 --> 00:05:49.029 align:start position:0% but but they still represented to me sort<00:05:47.440> of<00:05:47.759> significant<00:05:48.320> achievements 00:05:49.029 --> 00:05:49.039 align:start position:0% sort of significant achievements 00:05:49.039 --> 00:05:53.590 align:start position:0% sort of significant achievements in<00:05:49.759> in<00:05:49.919> robotics 00:05:53.590 --> 00:05:53.600 align:start position:0% 00:05:53.600 --> 00:05:55.189 align:start position:0% i<00:05:53.680> was<00:05:53.919> fascinated<00:05:54.400> in<00:05:54.479> a<00:05:54.560> general<00:05:54.880> sort<00:05:55.039> of 00:05:55.189 --> 00:05:55.199 align:start position:0% i was fascinated in a general sort of 00:05:55.199 --> 00:05:56.790 align:start position:0% i was fascinated in a general sort of way<00:05:55.440> also<00:05:55.759> by<00:05:56.400> by 00:05:56.790 --> 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align:start position:0% captured my imagination more 00:06:04.960 --> 00:06:07.189 align:start position:0% captured my imagination more because<00:06:05.280> they<00:06:05.280> they<00:06:06.000> held<00:06:06.240> the<00:06:06.319> promise<00:06:06.720> of 00:06:07.189 --> 00:06:07.199 align:start position:0% because they they held the promise of 00:06:07.199 --> 00:06:08.550 align:start position:0% because they they held the promise of working<00:06:07.520> in<00:06:07.759> you<00:06:07.840> know<00:06:08.000> if<00:06:08.080> you<00:06:08.160> will<00:06:08.400> in 00:06:08.550 --> 00:06:08.560 align:start position:0% working in you know if you will in 00:06:08.560 --> 00:06:10.309 align:start position:0% working in you know if you will in unstructured<00:06:09.199> environments<00:06:09.919> right 00:06:10.309 --> 00:06:10.319 align:start position:0% unstructured environments right 00:06:10.319 --> 00:06:12.150 align:start position:0% unstructured environments right they<00:06:10.800> they<00:06:10.960> weren't<00:06:11.199> necessarily<00:06:11.759> working<00:06:12.080> in 00:06:12.150 --> 00:06:12.160 align:start position:0% they they weren't necessarily working in 00:06:12.160 --> 00:06:14.150 align:start position:0% they they weren't necessarily working in pre-engineered<00:06:13.039> setups<00:06:13.520> and<00:06:13.680> they 00:06:14.150 --> 00:06:14.160 align:start position:0% pre-engineered setups and they 00:06:14.160 --> 00:06:16.230 align:start position:0% pre-engineered setups and they shaky<00:06:14.479> was<00:06:14.720> to<00:06:14.880> some<00:06:15.120> extent<00:06:15.440> but<00:06:15.680> but<00:06:16.000> but 00:06:16.230 --> 00:06:16.240 align:start position:0% shaky was to some extent but but but 00:06:16.240 --> 00:06:17.830 align:start position:0% shaky was to some extent but but but certainly<00:06:16.639> the<00:06:16.800> great<00:06:16.960> walter<00:06:17.280> robots<00:06:17.680> were 00:06:17.830 --> 00:06:17.840 align:start position:0% certainly the great walter robots were 00:06:17.840 --> 00:06:18.629 align:start position:0% certainly the great walter robots were not 00:06:18.629 --> 00:06:18.639 align:start position:0% not 00:06:18.639 --> 00:06:21.110 align:start position:0% not and<00:06:18.800> so<00:06:18.960> there<00:06:19.120> was<00:06:19.280> a<00:06:19.360> promise<00:06:19.680> there<00:06:20.000> of<00:06:20.400> of 00:06:21.110 --> 00:06:21.120 align:start position:0% and so there was a promise there of of 00:06:21.120 --> 00:06:23.029 align:start position:0% and so there was a promise there of of of<00:06:21.440> robots<00:06:21.919> functioning<00:06:22.400> in<00:06:22.560> environments 00:06:23.029 --> 00:06:23.039 align:start position:0% of robots functioning in environments 00:06:23.039 --> 00:06:24.870 align:start position:0% of robots functioning in environments that<00:06:23.199> were<00:06:23.360> not<00:06:23.600> completely 00:06:24.870 --> 00:06:24.880 align:start position:0% that were not completely 00:06:24.880 --> 00:06:26.870 align:start position:0% that were not completely completely<00:06:25.360> sort<00:06:25.520> of<00:06:25.680> adapted<00:06:26.080> to<00:06:26.240> their<00:06:26.479> use 00:06:26.870 --> 00:06:26.880 align:start position:0% completely sort of adapted to their use 00:06:26.880 --> 00:06:28.390 align:start position:0% completely sort of adapted to their use and<00:06:26.960> that<00:06:27.280> that<00:06:27.440> was<00:06:27.840> that<00:06:28.000> was<00:06:28.160> something 00:06:28.390 --> 00:06:28.400 align:start position:0% and that that was that was something 00:06:28.400 --> 00:06:28.950 align:start position:0% and that that was that was something that<00:06:28.639> i 00:06:28.950 --> 00:06:28.960 align:start position:0% that i 00:06:28.960 --> 00:06:31.029 align:start position:0% that i that<00:06:29.120> i<00:06:29.199> found<00:06:29.440> very<00:06:29.680> interesting<00:06:30.639> i<00:06:30.800> didn't 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align:start position:0% and<00:06:44.639> did<00:06:44.800> you<00:06:44.880> know<00:06:45.039> you<00:06:45.120> were<00:06:45.280> going<00:06:45.360> to<00:06:45.759> study 00:06:45.990 --> 00:06:46.000 align:start position:0% and did you know you were going to study 00:06:46.000 --> 00:06:48.309 align:start position:0% and did you know you were going to study with<00:06:46.319> george<00:06:46.840> becky<00:06:46.960> when<00:06:47.199> you<00:06:47.440> came<00:06:47.680> to<00:06:47.840> usc 00:06:48.309 --> 00:06:48.319 align:start position:0% with george becky when you came to usc 00:06:48.319 --> 00:06:49.749 align:start position:0% with george becky when you came to usc or<00:06:48.479> did<00:06:48.639> you<00:06:48.800> find<00:06:48.960> that<00:06:49.120> outlet 00:06:49.749 --> 00:06:49.759 align:start position:0% or did you find that outlet 00:06:49.759 --> 00:06:51.909 align:start position:0% or did you find that outlet i<00:06:50.080> founded<00:06:50.560> i<00:06:50.720> found<00:06:50.880> that<00:06:51.120> out<00:06:51.360> soon<00:06:51.680> after 00:06:51.909 --> 00:06:51.919 align:start position:0% i founded i found that out soon after 00:06:51.919 --> 00:06:53.189 align:start position:0% i founded i found that out soon after arriving<00:06:52.240> at<00:06:52.400> usc<00:06:52.880> so 00:06:53.189 --> 00:06:53.199 align:start position:0% arriving at usc so 00:06:53.199 --> 00:06:54.950 align:start position:0% arriving at usc so that<00:06:53.360> was<00:06:53.680> uh<00:06:54.080> it<00:06:54.160> was<00:06:54.319> not<00:06:54.479> something<00:06:54.800> that 00:06:54.950 --> 00:06:54.960 align:start position:0% that was uh it was not something that 00:06:54.960 --> 00:06:57.189 align:start position:0% that was uh it was not something that was<00:06:55.199> uh<00:06:55.680> that<00:06:55.840> was<00:06:56.000> a<00:06:56.080> done<00:06:56.319> deal<00:06:56.639> so<00:06:56.800> to<00:06:56.960> speak 00:06:57.189 --> 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align:start position:0% at usc uh when i arrived 00:07:06.720 --> 00:07:09.990 align:start position:0% at usc uh when i arrived and<00:07:07.280> uh<00:07:08.639> notable<00:07:09.120> among<00:07:09.440> them 00:07:09.990 --> 00:07:10.000 align:start position:0% and uh notable among them 00:07:10.000 --> 00:07:12.469 align:start position:0% and uh notable among them were<00:07:10.479> a<00:07:11.120> was<00:07:11.360> a<00:07:11.520> was<00:07:11.759> an<00:07:11.919> introduction<00:07:12.319> to 00:07:12.469 --> 00:07:12.479 align:start position:0% were a was a was an introduction to 00:07:12.479 --> 00:07:16.629 align:start position:0% were a was a was an introduction to robotics<00:07:12.960> class<00:07:13.280> taught<00:07:13.520> by<00:07:13.680> george<00:07:13.919> becky 00:07:16.629 --> 00:07:16.639 align:start position:0% 00:07:16.639 --> 00:07:18.950 align:start position:0% and<00:07:17.120> i<00:07:17.199> believe<00:07:17.520> he<00:07:17.599> taught<00:07:17.759> that<00:07:18.000> in<00:07:18.080> 1991 00:07:18.950 --> 00:07:18.960 align:start position:0% and i believe he taught that in 1991 00:07:18.960 --> 00:07:21.510 align:start position:0% and i believe he taught that in 1991 late<00:07:19.199> 91<00:07:19.680> or<00:07:19.840> early<00:07:20.080> 92<00:07:20.639> i've<00:07:20.720> forgotten 00:07:21.510 --> 00:07:21.520 align:start position:0% late 91 or early 92 i've forgotten 00:07:21.520 --> 00:07:23.670 align:start position:0% late 91 or early 92 i've forgotten and<00:07:22.400> it<00:07:22.479> may<00:07:22.720> have<00:07:22.800> been<00:07:23.120> one<00:07:23.280> of<00:07:23.360> the<00:07:23.440> last 00:07:23.670 --> 00:07:23.680 align:start position:0% and it may have been one of the last 00:07:23.680 --> 00:07:25.830 align:start position:0% and it may have been one of the last times<00:07:23.919> that<00:07:24.080> class<00:07:24.319> was<00:07:24.479> offered<00:07:24.800> by<00:07:24.960> him 00:07:25.830 --> 00:07:25.840 align:start position:0% times that class was offered by him 00:07:25.840 --> 00:07:29.110 align:start position:0% times that class was offered by him um<00:07:27.199> he<00:07:27.360> was<00:07:27.520> already<00:07:28.000> very<00:07:28.319> senior<00:07:28.800> and 00:07:29.110 --> 00:07:29.120 align:start position:0% um he was already very senior and 00:07:29.120 --> 00:07:31.189 align:start position:0% um he was already very senior and and<00:07:29.520> very<00:07:29.840> busy<00:07:30.080> but<00:07:30.240> he<00:07:30.400> would<00:07:30.560> often<00:07:30.880> teach 00:07:31.189 --> 00:07:31.199 align:start position:0% and very busy but he would often teach 00:07:31.199 --> 00:07:32.950 align:start position:0% and very busy but he would often teach this<00:07:31.440> introductory<00:07:32.080> course 00:07:32.950 --> 00:07:32.960 align:start position:0% this introductory course 00:07:32.960 --> 00:07:35.909 align:start position:0% this introductory course and<00:07:33.599> uh<00:07:34.479> and<00:07:34.639> it<00:07:34.720> was<00:07:34.880> my<00:07:35.039> first<00:07:35.280> formal<00:07:35.599> course 00:07:35.909 --> 00:07:35.919 align:start position:0% and uh and it was my first formal course 00:07:35.919 --> 00:07:36.950 align:start position:0% and uh and it was my first formal course in<00:07:36.000> robotics 00:07:36.950 --> 00:07:36.960 align:start position:0% in robotics 00:07:36.960 --> 00:07:38.550 align:start position:0% in robotics and<00:07:37.120> it<00:07:37.199> was<00:07:37.360> soon<00:07:37.680> after<00:07:37.919> that<00:07:38.080> that<00:07:38.240> i<00:07:38.319> began 00:07:38.550 --> 00:07:38.560 align:start position:0% and it was soon after that that i began 00:07:38.560 --> 00:07:40.230 align:start position:0% and it was soon after that that i began to<00:07:38.639> work<00:07:38.800> in<00:07:38.880> this<00:07:39.039> laboratory<00:07:39.840> um 00:07:40.230 --> 00:07:40.240 align:start position:0% to work in this laboratory um 00:07:40.240 --> 00:07:41.990 align:start position:0% to work in this laboratory um or<00:07:40.560> concurrently<00:07:41.120> towards<00:07:41.440> the<00:07:41.520> end<00:07:41.680> of<00:07:41.759> that 00:07:41.990 --> 00:07:42.000 align:start position:0% or concurrently towards the end of that 00:07:42.000 --> 00:07:43.350 align:start position:0% or concurrently towards the end of that course<00:07:42.319> is<00:07:42.400> when<00:07:42.560> i<00:07:42.639> began<00:07:42.880> to<00:07:42.960> work<00:07:43.199> in<00:07:43.280> this 00:07:43.350 --> 00:07:43.360 align:start position:0% course is when i began to work in this 00:07:43.360 --> 00:07:44.710 align:start position:0% course is when i began to work in this laboratory 00:07:44.710 --> 00:07:44.720 align:start position:0% laboratory 00:07:44.720 --> 00:07:47.990 align:start position:0% laboratory um<00:07:46.240> so<00:07:46.400> it<00:07:46.479> was<00:07:46.639> shortly<00:07:46.960> after<00:07:47.199> i<00:07:47.360> arrived<00:07:47.840> i 00:07:47.990 --> 00:07:48.000 align:start position:0% um so it was shortly after i arrived i 00:07:48.000 --> 00:07:48.710 align:start position:0% um so it was shortly after i arrived i also<00:07:48.240> took 00:07:48.710 --> 00:07:48.720 align:start position:0% also took 00:07:48.720 --> 00:07:52.070 align:start position:0% also took uh<00:07:49.120> michael<00:07:49.440> orbitz<00:07:49.919> course<00:07:50.400> on<00:07:51.360> on 00:07:52.070 --> 00:07:52.080 align:start position:0% uh michael orbitz course on on 00:07:52.080 --> 00:07:53.909 align:start position:0% uh michael orbitz course on on brain<00:07:52.479> theory<00:07:52.800> and<00:07:52.879> artificial<00:07:53.360> intelligence 00:07:53.909 --> 00:07:53.919 align:start position:0% brain theory and artificial intelligence 00:07:53.919 --> 00:07:55.670 align:start position:0% brain theory and artificial intelligence which<00:07:54.080> i<00:07:54.160> enjoyed<00:07:54.560> immensely 00:07:55.670 --> 00:07:55.680 align:start position:0% which i enjoyed immensely 00:07:55.680 --> 00:07:58.550 align:start position:0% which i enjoyed immensely and<00:07:56.319> and<00:07:56.479> michael<00:07:56.960> in<00:07:57.120> fact<00:07:57.520> uh<00:07:58.160> was<00:07:58.319> one<00:07:58.479> of 00:07:58.550 --> 00:07:58.560 align:start position:0% and and michael in fact uh was one of 00:07:58.560 --> 00:08:00.390 align:start position:0% and and michael in fact uh was one of the<00:07:58.720> people<00:07:59.039> who<00:07:59.280> advised<00:07:59.759> me<00:08:00.000> to 00:08:00.390 --> 00:08:00.400 align:start position:0% the people who advised me to 00:08:00.400 --> 00:08:03.510 align:start position:0% the people who advised me to to<00:08:00.720> to<00:08:00.879> talk<00:08:01.039> to<00:08:01.199> george<00:08:02.080> um<00:08:02.479> and<00:08:02.720> so 00:08:03.510 --> 00:08:03.520 align:start position:0% to to talk to george um and so 00:08:03.520 --> 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align:start position:0% already signed up for his course so<00:08:10.160> there<00:08:10.240> was<00:08:10.400> a<00:08:10.560> sort<00:08:10.720> of<00:08:10.800> a<00:08:10.879> happy<00:08:11.360> happy 00:08:11.670 --> 00:08:11.680 align:start position:0% so there was a sort of a happy happy 00:08:11.680 --> 00:08:14.469 align:start position:0% so there was a sort of a happy happy coincidence<00:08:12.960> and<00:08:13.520> i<00:08:13.680> also<00:08:14.000> took 00:08:14.469 --> 00:08:14.479 align:start position:0% coincidence and i also took 00:08:14.479 --> 00:08:17.189 align:start position:0% coincidence and i also took a<00:08:15.039> a<00:08:15.280> very<00:08:15.520> very<00:08:15.759> interesting<00:08:16.400> ai<00:08:16.800> course 00:08:17.189 --> 00:08:17.199 align:start position:0% a a very very interesting ai course 00:08:17.199 --> 00:08:19.189 align:start position:0% a a very very interesting ai course which<00:08:17.360> was<00:08:17.520> not<00:08:17.680> about<00:08:17.919> robotics<00:08:18.560> but<00:08:18.800> but<00:08:19.039> was 00:08:19.189 --> 00:08:19.199 align:start position:0% which was not about robotics but but was 00:08:19.199 --> 00:08:21.029 align:start position:0% which was not about robotics but but was a<00:08:19.360> fundamental<00:08:19.840> ai<00:08:20.240> course<00:08:20.479> taught<00:08:20.639> by<00:08:20.800> paul 00:08:21.029 --> 00:08:21.039 align:start position:0% a fundamental ai course taught by paul 00:08:21.039 --> 00:08:22.469 align:start position:0% a fundamental ai course taught by paul rosenblum 00:08:22.469 --> 00:08:22.479 align:start position:0% rosenblum 00:08:22.479 --> 00:08:25.670 align:start position:0% rosenblum and<00:08:23.120> uh<00:08:24.479> and<00:08:24.639> it<00:08:24.720> was<00:08:25.120> it<00:08:25.280> was 00:08:25.670 --> 00:08:25.680 align:start position:0% and uh and it was it was 00:08:25.680 --> 00:08:28.070 align:start position:0% and uh and it was it was it<00:08:25.840> was<00:08:26.160> it<00:08:26.319> was<00:08:26.479> a<00:08:26.560> very<00:08:26.879> strong<00:08:27.280> intro<00:08:27.599> to<00:08:27.759> ai 00:08:28.070 --> 00:08:28.080 align:start position:0% it was it was a very strong intro to ai 00:08:28.080 --> 00:08:28.710 align:start position:0% it was it was a very strong intro to ai course 00:08:28.710 --> 00:08:28.720 align:start position:0% course 00:08:28.720 --> 00:08:30.469 align:start position:0% course and<00:08:28.879> so<00:08:29.039> the<00:08:29.199> confluence<00:08:29.759> of<00:08:29.840> these<00:08:30.160> three 00:08:30.469 --> 00:08:30.479 align:start position:0% and so the confluence of these three 00:08:30.479 --> 00:08:32.630 align:start position:0% and so the confluence of these three courses<00:08:31.199> in<00:08:31.360> robotics<00:08:31.840> and<00:08:32.000> ai 00:08:32.630 --> 00:08:32.640 align:start position:0% courses in robotics and ai 00:08:32.640 --> 00:08:34.149 align:start position:0% courses in robotics and ai was<00:08:32.800> sort<00:08:32.959> of<00:08:33.039> my<00:08:33.279> beginning<00:08:33.680> to<00:08:33.839> graduate 00:08:34.149 --> 00:08:34.159 align:start position:0% was sort of my beginning to graduate 00:08:34.159 --> 00:08:35.589 align:start position:0% was sort of my beginning to graduate school<00:08:34.399> i<00:08:34.479> took<00:08:34.640> a<00:08:34.640> bunch<00:08:34.800> of<00:08:34.959> other<00:08:35.200> classes 00:08:35.589 --> 00:08:35.599 align:start position:0% school i took a bunch of other classes 00:08:35.599 --> 00:08:36.709 align:start position:0% school i took a bunch of other classes but<00:08:35.839> these<00:08:36.080> three<00:08:36.320> were 00:08:36.709 --> 00:08:36.719 align:start position:0% but these three were 00:08:36.719 --> 00:08:39.829 align:start position:0% but these three were these<00:08:36.880> three<00:08:37.120> were<00:08:37.440> up<00:08:37.519> there<00:08:38.240> and<00:08:38.719> uh<00:08:39.680> and 00:08:39.829 --> 00:08:39.839 align:start position:0% these three were up there and uh and 00:08:39.839 --> 00:08:42.389 align:start position:0% these three were up there and uh and yeah<00:08:40.000> that's<00:08:40.320> that's<00:08:40.479> sort<00:08:40.640> of<00:08:40.719> how<00:08:40.959> i<00:08:41.039> began 00:08:42.389 --> 00:08:42.399 align:start position:0% yeah that's that's sort of how i began 00:08:42.399 --> 00:08:44.470 align:start position:0% yeah that's that's sort of how i began what<00:08:42.560> was<00:08:42.719> the<00:08:42.800> first<00:08:43.360> real<00:08:43.599> robotics<00:08:44.080> project 00:08:44.470 --> 00:08:44.480 align:start position:0% what was the first real robotics project 00:08:44.480 --> 00:08:46.710 align:start position:0% what was the first real robotics project that<00:08:44.640> you<00:08:44.800> worked<00:08:45.120> on 00:08:46.710 --> 00:08:46.720 align:start position:0% that you worked on 00:08:46.720 --> 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00:09:00.470 align:start position:0% george becky's lab in the early 90s i<00:08:57.760> worked<00:08:58.000> on<00:08:58.160> a<00:08:58.240> project<00:08:58.720> on<00:08:59.120> on<00:08:59.440> robot<00:08:59.839> hands 00:09:00.470 --> 00:09:00.480 align:start position:0% i worked on a project on on robot hands 00:09:00.480 --> 00:09:02.949 align:start position:0% i worked on a project on on robot hands actually<00:09:00.880> on<00:09:01.120> grasping 00:09:02.949 --> 00:09:02.959 align:start position:0% actually on grasping 00:09:02.959 --> 00:09:07.670 align:start position:0% actually on grasping i<00:09:03.120> worked<00:09:03.440> on<00:09:03.760> on<00:09:03.920> a<00:09:04.399> project<00:09:04.880> to<00:09:05.360> design 00:09:07.670 --> 00:09:07.680 align:start position:0% i worked on on a project to design 00:09:07.680 --> 00:09:10.630 align:start position:0% i worked on on a project to design techniques<00:09:08.320> or<00:09:08.640> algorithms<00:09:09.360> for<00:09:09.920> for<00:09:10.160> robot 00:09:10.630 --> 00:09:10.640 align:start position:0% techniques or algorithms for for robot 00:09:10.640 --> 00:09:11.430 align:start position:0% techniques or algorithms for for robot hands 00:09:11.430 --> 00:09:11.440 align:start position:0% hands 00:09:11.440 --> 00:09:13.670 align:start position:0% hands to<00:09:11.600> grasp<00:09:12.080> objects<00:09:12.560> and<00:09:12.720> a<00:09:12.880> planning<00:09:13.279> system 00:09:13.670 --> 00:09:13.680 align:start position:0% to grasp objects and a planning system 00:09:13.680 --> 00:09:16.870 align:start position:0% to grasp objects and a planning system that<00:09:13.839> went<00:09:14.080> along<00:09:14.320> with<00:09:14.560> that 00:09:16.870 --> 00:09:16.880 align:start position:0% 00:09:16.880 --> 00:09:20.630 align:start position:0% and<00:09:17.680> i<00:09:18.080> also<00:09:18.399> helped<00:09:18.800> out<00:09:19.600> in<00:09:19.760> a<00:09:19.839> small<00:09:20.160> way 00:09:20.630 --> 00:09:20.640 align:start position:0% and i also helped out in a small way 00:09:20.640 --> 00:09:23.990 align:start position:0% and i also helped out in a small way on<00:09:20.959> a<00:09:21.360> on<00:09:21.519> a<00:09:21.600> larger<00:09:22.000> project<00:09:22.480> in<00:09:22.640> his<00:09:22.800> lab<00:09:23.440> on 00:09:23.990 --> 00:09:24.000 align:start position:0% on a on a larger project in his lab on 00:09:24.000 --> 00:09:27.030 align:start position:0% on a on a larger project in his lab on on<00:09:24.399> autonomous<00:09:24.800> robot<00:09:25.200> helicopters<00:09:26.560> um<00:09:26.880> i 00:09:27.030 --> 00:09:27.040 align:start position:0% on autonomous robot helicopters um i 00:09:27.040 --> 00:09:27.509 align:start position:0% on autonomous robot helicopters um i wasn't 00:09:27.509 --> 00:09:27.519 align:start position:0% wasn't 00:09:27.519 --> 00:09:29.670 align:start position:0% wasn't i<00:09:27.600> was<00:09:27.760> just<00:09:28.000> one<00:09:28.160> of<00:09:28.320> many<00:09:28.720> who<00:09:28.880> helped<00:09:29.279> on 00:09:29.670 --> 00:09:29.680 align:start position:0% i was just one of many who helped on 00:09:29.680 --> 00:09:31.350 align:start position:0% i was just one of many who helped on that<00:09:29.920> other<00:09:30.160> project<00:09:30.480> so<00:09:30.640> the<00:09:30.720> robot<00:09:31.040> hands 00:09:31.350 --> 00:09:31.360 align:start position:0% that other project so the robot hands 00:09:31.360 --> 00:09:33.430 align:start position:0% that other project so the robot hands project<00:09:31.680> was<00:09:31.920> one<00:09:32.160> in<00:09:32.240> which<00:09:32.399> i<00:09:32.560> worked<00:09:32.880> in<00:09:33.040> a 00:09:33.430 --> 00:09:33.440 align:start position:0% project was one in which i worked in a 00:09:33.440 --> 00:09:35.350 align:start position:0% project was one in which i worked in a in<00:09:33.680> a<00:09:33.760> serious<00:09:34.160> way<00:09:34.399> it<00:09:34.480> was<00:09:34.640> sort<00:09:34.800> of<00:09:35.120> it<00:09:35.279> was 00:09:35.350 --> 00:09:35.360 align:start position:0% in a serious way it was sort of it was 00:09:35.360 --> 00:09:37.190 align:start position:0% in a serious way it was sort of it was sort<00:09:35.519> of<00:09:35.600> my<00:09:35.760> main<00:09:36.080> thing<00:09:36.320> as<00:09:36.480> it<00:09:36.640> were 00:09:37.190 --> 00:09:37.200 align:start position:0% sort of my main thing as it were 00:09:37.200 --> 00:09:39.190 align:start position:0% sort of my main thing as it were and<00:09:37.360> i<00:09:37.600> i<00:09:37.760> helped<00:09:38.080> out<00:09:38.320> on<00:09:38.399> this<00:09:38.640> on<00:09:38.800> this<00:09:38.959> other 00:09:39.190 --> 00:09:39.200 align:start position:0% and i i helped out on this on this other 00:09:39.200 --> 00:09:40.389 align:start position:0% and i i helped out on this on this other project 00:09:40.389 --> 00:09:40.399 align:start position:0% project 00:09:40.399 --> 00:09:42.470 align:start position:0% project and<00:09:40.640> as<00:09:40.800> is<00:09:40.959> the<00:09:41.040> way<00:09:41.360> very<00:09:41.680> often<00:09:42.000> in<00:09:42.080> graduate 00:09:42.470 --> 00:09:42.480 align:start position:0% and as is the way very often in graduate 00:09:42.480 --> 00:09:44.470 align:start position:0% and as is the way very often in graduate school<00:09:43.040> i<00:09:43.200> ended<00:09:43.360> up<00:09:43.440> writing<00:09:43.680> my<00:09:43.839> phd<00:09:44.160> thesis 00:09:44.470 --> 00:09:44.480 align:start position:0% school i ended up writing my phd thesis 00:09:44.480 --> 00:09:45.350 align:start position:0% school i ended up writing my phd thesis on<00:09:44.560> neither<00:09:44.880> of<00:09:44.959> these 00:09:45.350 --> 00:09:45.360 align:start position:0% on neither of these 00:09:45.360 --> 00:09:46.790 align:start position:0% on neither of these i<00:09:45.519> ended<00:09:45.680> up<00:09:45.760> writing<00:09:46.000> my<00:09:46.080> phd<00:09:46.399> thesis<00:09:46.720> on 00:09:46.790 --> 00:09:46.800 align:start position:0% i ended up writing my phd thesis on 00:09:46.800 --> 00:09:48.630 align:start position:0% i ended up writing my phd thesis on something<00:09:47.040> completely<00:09:47.440> different<00:09:48.240> so<00:09:48.399> after 00:09:48.630 --> 00:09:48.640 align:start position:0% something completely different so after 00:09:48.640 --> 00:09:50.630 align:start position:0% something completely different so after spending<00:09:48.959> a<00:09:49.040> year<00:09:49.200> or<00:09:49.360> two<00:09:49.519> working<00:09:49.760> on<00:09:49.920> these 00:09:50.630 --> 00:09:50.640 align:start position:0% spending a year or two working on these 00:09:50.640 --> 00:09:52.389 align:start position:0% spending a year or two working on these i<00:09:50.800> maintained<00:09:51.200> an<00:09:51.360> active<00:09:51.600> interest<00:09:52.000> in<00:09:52.080> both 00:09:52.389 --> 00:09:52.399 align:start position:0% i maintained an active interest in both 00:09:52.399 --> 00:09:54.150 align:start position:0% i maintained an active interest in both but<00:09:52.560> i<00:09:52.640> moved<00:09:52.880> away<00:09:53.120> into<00:09:53.600> yet<00:09:53.839> a<00:09:53.920> third 00:09:54.150 --> 00:09:54.160 align:start position:0% but i moved away into yet a third 00:09:54.160 --> 00:09:55.990 align:start position:0% but i moved away into yet a third project<00:09:54.560> which<00:09:54.800> ended<00:09:55.040> up<00:09:55.120> becoming<00:09:55.360> my<00:09:55.519> phd 00:09:55.990 --> 00:09:56.000 align:start position:0% project which ended up becoming my phd 00:09:56.000 --> 00:09:57.030 align:start position:0% project which ended up becoming my phd thesis 00:09:57.030 --> 00:09:57.040 align:start position:0% thesis 00:09:57.040 --> 00:09:59.750 align:start position:0% thesis what<00:09:57.200> was<00:09:57.360> that<00:09:58.080> um<00:09:58.480> that<00:09:58.720> project<00:09:59.200> was<00:09:59.440> a<00:09:59.519> very 00:09:59.750 --> 00:09:59.760 align:start position:0% what was that um that project was a very 00:09:59.760 --> 00:10:00.949 align:start position:0% what was that um that project was a very interesting<00:10:00.240> idea 00:10:00.949 --> 00:10:00.959 align:start position:0% interesting idea 00:10:00.959 --> 00:10:03.990 align:start position:0% interesting idea um<00:10:02.320> it<00:10:02.480> was<00:10:02.720> about<00:10:03.200> uh<00:10:03.680> it<00:10:03.760> was 00:10:03.990 --> 00:10:04.000 align:start position:0% um it was about uh it was 00:10:04.000 --> 00:10:08.069 align:start position:0% um it was about uh it was a<00:10:04.160> project<00:10:04.560> on<00:10:04.640> mobile<00:10:04.959> robotics<00:10:06.399> and<00:10:06.959> uh 00:10:08.069 --> 00:10:08.079 align:start position:0% a project on mobile robotics and uh 00:10:08.079 --> 00:10:10.949 align:start position:0% a project on mobile robotics and uh it<00:10:08.240> came<00:10:08.480> into<00:10:08.720> being<00:10:09.120> roughly<00:10:09.839> around<00:10:10.160> 1993 00:10:10.949 --> 00:10:10.959 align:start position:0% it came into being roughly around 1993 00:10:10.959 --> 00:10:13.829 align:start position:0% it came into being roughly around 1993 or<00:10:11.120> 1994<00:10:12.000> when<00:10:12.160> i<00:10:12.240> was<00:10:12.399> about<00:10:12.640> midway 00:10:13.829 --> 00:10:13.839 align:start position:0% or 1994 when i was about midway 00:10:13.839 --> 00:10:16.470 align:start position:0% or 1994 when i was about midway during<00:10:14.079> my<00:10:14.240> graduate<00:10:14.640> students<00:10:14.880> day<00:10:15.120> at<00:10:15.200> usc 00:10:16.470 --> 00:10:16.480 align:start position:0% during my graduate students day at usc 00:10:16.480 --> 00:10:16.949 align:start position:0% during my graduate students day at usc and 00:10:16.949 --> 00:10:16.959 align:start position:0% and 00:10:16.959 --> 00:10:20.630 align:start position:0% and it<00:10:17.120> was<00:10:17.360> a<00:10:17.760> project<00:10:18.160> funded<00:10:18.560> by<00:10:19.519> by 00:10:20.630 --> 00:10:20.640 align:start position:0% it was a project funded by by 00:10:20.640 --> 00:10:24.150 align:start position:0% it was a project funded by by by<00:10:20.800> the<00:10:20.880> jet<00:10:21.120> propulsion<00:10:21.600> lab<00:10:22.000> by<00:10:22.480> by<00:10:22.720> nasa 00:10:24.150 --> 00:10:24.160 align:start position:0% by the jet propulsion lab by by nasa 00:10:24.160 --> 00:10:27.269 align:start position:0% by the jet propulsion lab by by nasa on<00:10:24.959> on<00:10:25.200> asking<00:10:25.519> the<00:10:25.680> following<00:10:26.079> question 00:10:27.269 --> 00:10:27.279 align:start position:0% on on asking the following question 00:10:27.279 --> 00:10:30.069 align:start position:0% on on asking the following question if<00:10:27.440> a<00:10:27.600> small<00:10:28.000> mobile<00:10:28.320> robot<00:10:29.200> was<00:10:29.440> to<00:10:29.600> perform 00:10:30.069 --> 00:10:30.079 align:start position:0% if a small mobile robot was to perform 00:10:30.079 --> 00:10:31.350 align:start position:0% if a small mobile robot was to perform various<00:10:30.560> tasks<00:10:31.120> of 00:10:31.350 --> 00:10:31.360 align:start position:0% various tasks of 00:10:31.360 --> 00:10:34.310 align:start position:0% various tasks of navigation<00:10:32.399> and<00:10:32.640> exploration<00:10:33.600> in<00:10:33.760> a<00:10:34.000> in<00:10:34.079> an 00:10:34.310 --> 00:10:34.320 align:start position:0% navigation and exploration in a in an 00:10:34.320 --> 00:10:35.670 align:start position:0% navigation and exploration in a in an environment 00:10:35.670 --> 00:10:35.680 align:start position:0% environment 00:10:35.680 --> 00:10:37.590 align:start position:0% environment the<00:10:35.839> kinds<00:10:36.079> of<00:10:36.160> robots<00:10:36.560> that<00:10:37.040> already<00:10:37.360> were 00:10:37.590 --> 00:10:37.600 align:start position:0% the kinds of robots that already were 00:10:37.600 --> 00:10:38.710 align:start position:0% the kinds of robots that already were being<00:10:37.839> planned<00:10:38.320> by 00:10:38.710 --> 00:10:38.720 align:start position:0% being planned by 00:10:38.720 --> 00:10:41.990 align:start position:0% being planned by by<00:10:38.959> nasa<00:10:39.279> to<00:10:39.440> go<00:10:39.600> to<00:10:39.680> mars<00:10:40.240> say<00:10:41.519> what<00:10:41.680> would<00:10:41.920> be 00:10:41.990 --> 00:10:42.000 align:start position:0% by nasa to go to mars say what would be 00:10:42.000 --> 00:10:43.590 align:start position:0% by nasa to go to mars say what would be a<00:10:42.160> good<00:10:42.320> way<00:10:42.640> of<00:10:42.800> asking 00:10:43.590 --> 00:10:43.600 align:start position:0% a good way of asking 00:10:43.600 --> 00:10:45.590 align:start position:0% a good way of asking how<00:10:43.839> good<00:10:44.000> is<00:10:44.079> such<00:10:44.320> a<00:10:44.399> robot<00:10:45.120> how<00:10:45.279> would<00:10:45.440> you 00:10:45.590 --> 00:10:45.600 align:start position:0% how good is such a robot how would you 00:10:45.600 --> 00:10:48.010 align:start position:0% how good is such a robot how would you benchmark<00:10:46.079> such<00:10:46.240> a<00:10:46.320> robot 00:10:48.010 --> 00:10:48.020 align:start position:0% benchmark such a robot 00:10:48.020 --> 00:10:49.910 align:start position:0% benchmark such a robot [Music] 00:10:49.910 --> 00:10:49.920 align:start position:0% [Music] 00:10:49.920 --> 00:10:51.990 align:start position:0% [Music] would<00:10:50.160> it<00:10:50.240> be<00:10:50.399> possible<00:10:50.880> to<00:10:51.440> in<00:10:51.600> some<00:10:51.760> sense 00:10:51.990 --> 00:10:52.000 align:start position:0% would it be possible to in some sense 00:10:52.000 --> 00:10:53.670 align:start position:0% would it be possible to in some sense create<00:10:52.240> a<00:10:52.399> science<00:10:52.880> of<00:10:53.120> asking 00:10:53.670 --> 00:10:53.680 align:start position:0% create a science of asking 00:10:53.680 --> 00:10:55.750 align:start position:0% create a science of asking how<00:10:54.079> such<00:10:54.320> robots<00:10:54.800> are<00:10:55.440> how<00:10:55.600> their 00:10:55.750 --> 00:10:55.760 align:start position:0% how such robots are how their 00:10:55.760 --> 00:10:59.190 align:start position:0% how such robots are how their performance<00:10:56.240> is<00:10:56.399> measured<00:10:56.880> if<00:10:56.959> you<00:10:57.120> will 00:10:59.190 --> 00:10:59.200 align:start position:0% performance is measured if you will 00:10:59.200 --> 00:11:02.150 align:start position:0% performance is measured if you will and<00:10:59.519> so<00:10:59.680> the<00:10:59.839> project<00:11:00.480> uh<00:11:01.519> sort<00:11:01.680> of<00:11:01.839> started 00:11:02.150 --> 00:11:02.160 align:start position:0% and so the project uh sort of started 00:11:02.160 --> 00:11:03.110 align:start position:0% and so the project uh sort of started off<00:11:02.320> that<00:11:02.480> way 00:11:03.110 --> 00:11:03.120 align:start position:0% off that way 00:11:03.120 --> 00:11:06.150 align:start position:0% off that way and<00:11:03.360> i<00:11:03.519> devised<00:11:04.399> if<00:11:04.560> you<00:11:04.640> will 00:11:06.150 --> 00:11:06.160 align:start position:0% and i devised if you will 00:11:06.160 --> 00:11:08.790 align:start position:0% and i devised if you will techniques<00:11:06.800> to<00:11:07.120> compare<00:11:07.920> across<00:11:08.399> various 00:11:08.790 --> 00:11:08.800 align:start position:0% techniques to compare across various 00:11:08.800 --> 00:11:10.150 align:start position:0% techniques to compare across various robot<00:11:09.200> designs 00:11:10.150 --> 00:11:10.160 align:start position:0% robot designs 00:11:10.160 --> 00:11:14.230 align:start position:0% robot designs and<00:11:10.320> various<00:11:10.800> kinds<00:11:11.120> of<00:11:11.279> tasks<00:11:12.240> in<00:11:12.959> in<00:11:13.519> um 00:11:14.230 --> 00:11:14.240 align:start position:0% and various kinds of tasks in in um 00:11:14.240 --> 00:11:17.750 align:start position:0% and various kinds of tasks in in um in<00:11:14.560> exploration<00:11:15.279> tasks<00:11:16.079> sort<00:11:16.320> of<00:11:16.480> inspired<00:11:17.120> by 00:11:17.750 --> 00:11:17.760 align:start position:0% in exploration tasks sort of inspired by 00:11:17.760 --> 00:11:20.389 align:start position:0% in exploration tasks sort of inspired by by<00:11:18.079> mars<00:11:18.399> exploration<00:11:19.519> and<00:11:19.680> i<00:11:19.760> worked<00:11:20.000> on<00:11:20.160> a 00:11:20.389 --> 00:11:20.399 align:start position:0% by mars exploration and i worked on a 00:11:20.399 --> 00:11:22.389 align:start position:0% by mars exploration and i worked on a sort<00:11:20.560> of<00:11:20.640> family<00:11:21.040> of<00:11:21.120> techniques<00:11:21.600> for<00:11:21.839> that 00:11:22.389 --> 00:11:22.399 align:start position:0% sort of family of techniques for that 00:11:22.399 --> 00:11:24.069 align:start position:0% sort of family of techniques for that um<00:11:22.720> and<00:11:22.880> that<00:11:23.040> i<00:11:23.200> ended<00:11:23.360> up<00:11:23.440> writing<00:11:23.680> a<00:11:23.760> thesis 00:11:24.069 --> 00:11:24.079 align:start position:0% um and that i ended up writing a thesis 00:11:24.079 --> 00:11:26.470 align:start position:0% um and that i ended up writing a thesis on<00:11:24.240> that<00:11:24.480> actually<00:11:24.959> and<00:11:25.360> it<00:11:25.440> was<00:11:25.760> it<00:11:25.920> was 00:11:26.470 --> 00:11:26.480 align:start position:0% on that actually and it was it was 00:11:26.480 --> 00:11:30.150 align:start position:0% on that actually and it was it was it<00:11:26.640> gave<00:11:26.880> me<00:11:27.279> it<00:11:27.440> gave<00:11:27.680> me<00:11:28.320> um<00:11:29.279> i 00:11:30.150 --> 00:11:30.160 align:start position:0% it gave me it gave me um i 00:11:30.160 --> 00:11:31.829 align:start position:0% it gave me it gave me um i i<00:11:30.320> was<00:11:30.480> fundamentally<00:11:30.959> fascinated<00:11:31.440> by<00:11:31.600> mobile 00:11:31.829 --> 00:11:31.839 align:start position:0% i was fundamentally fascinated by mobile 00:11:31.839 --> 00:11:33.430 align:start position:0% i was fundamentally fascinated by mobile robotics<00:11:32.320> and<00:11:32.480> i<00:11:32.720> i 00:11:33.430 --> 00:11:33.440 align:start position:0% robotics and i i 00:11:33.440 --> 00:11:36.389 align:start position:0% robotics and i i found<00:11:33.680> my<00:11:33.839> way<00:11:34.000> into<00:11:34.320> it<00:11:34.959> by<00:11:35.120> this<00:11:36.000> by<00:11:36.160> this 00:11:36.389 --> 00:11:36.399 align:start position:0% found my way into it by this by this 00:11:36.399 --> 00:11:36.870 align:start position:0% found my way into it by this by this avenue 00:11:36.870 --> 00:11:36.880 align:start position:0% avenue 00:11:36.880 --> 00:11:39.990 align:start position:0% avenue essentially<00:11:38.079> um<00:11:38.720> and<00:11:38.959> so<00:11:39.120> yeah<00:11:39.440> so<00:11:39.760> that 00:11:39.990 --> 00:11:40.000 align:start position:0% essentially um and so yeah so that 00:11:40.000 --> 00:11:40.710 align:start position:0% essentially um and so yeah so that that's<00:11:40.160> how<00:11:40.399> i 00:11:40.710 --> 00:11:40.720 align:start position:0% that's how i 00:11:40.720 --> 00:11:42.230 align:start position:0% that's how i that<00:11:40.959> that<00:11:41.120> was<00:11:41.279> my<00:11:41.600> most<00:11:41.760> significant 00:11:42.230 --> 00:11:42.240 align:start position:0% that that was my most significant 00:11:42.240 --> 00:11:45.509 align:start position:0% that that was my most significant project<00:11:42.640> as<00:11:42.800> a<00:11:42.959> as<00:11:43.120> a<00:11:43.200> graduate<00:11:43.519> student 00:11:45.509 --> 00:11:45.519 align:start position:0% project as a as a graduate student 00:11:45.519 --> 00:11:48.949 align:start position:0% project as a as a graduate student and<00:11:45.680> what<00:11:45.839> is<00:11:45.920> your<00:11:46.079> work<00:11:46.240> focused<00:11:46.640> on<00:11:46.800> now<00:11:48.079> so 00:11:48.949 --> 00:11:48.959 align:start position:0% and what is your work focused on now so 00:11:48.959 --> 00:11:53.030 align:start position:0% and what is your work focused on now so uh<00:11:49.920> uh<00:11:50.320> let's<00:11:50.480> see<00:11:51.120> so<00:11:51.920> my<00:11:52.240> lab 00:11:53.030 --> 00:11:53.040 align:start position:0% uh uh let's see so my lab 00:11:53.040 --> 00:11:54.870 align:start position:0% uh uh let's see so my lab called<00:11:53.279> the<00:11:53.680> robotic<00:11:54.160> embedded<00:11:54.560> systems 00:11:54.870 --> 00:11:54.880 align:start position:0% called the robotic embedded systems 00:11:54.880 --> 00:11:58.069 align:start position:0% called the robotic embedded systems laboratory<00:11:55.440> here<00:11:55.680> at<00:11:55.760> usc 00:11:58.069 --> 00:11:58.079 align:start position:0% laboratory here at usc 00:11:58.079 --> 00:12:00.949 align:start position:0% laboratory here at usc does<00:11:58.880> several<00:11:59.279> different<00:11:59.600> things<00:12:00.720> but 00:12:00.949 --> 00:12:00.959 align:start position:0% does several different things but 00:12:00.959 --> 00:12:02.629 align:start position:0% does several different things but primarily<00:12:01.519> works<00:12:01.839> on<00:12:02.000> problems 00:12:02.629 --> 00:12:02.639 align:start position:0% primarily works on problems 00:12:02.639 --> 00:12:06.069 align:start position:0% primarily works on problems in<00:12:03.279> estimation<00:12:04.160> for<00:12:04.399> robotics 00:12:06.069 --> 00:12:06.079 align:start position:0% in estimation for robotics 00:12:06.079 --> 00:12:08.310 align:start position:0% in estimation for robotics and<00:12:06.320> so<00:12:06.639> estimation<00:12:07.200> is<00:12:07.360> the<00:12:07.519> science<00:12:08.000> of 00:12:08.310 --> 00:12:08.320 align:start position:0% and so estimation is the science of 00:12:08.320 --> 00:12:10.150 align:start position:0% and so estimation is the science of making<00:12:08.720> sense<00:12:09.040> of<00:12:09.200> sensory<00:12:09.600> data 00:12:10.150 --> 00:12:10.160 align:start position:0% making sense of sensory data 00:12:10.160 --> 00:12:14.150 align:start position:0% making sense of sensory data is<00:12:10.399> to<00:12:10.880> is<00:12:11.120> to<00:12:12.240> is<00:12:12.720> to 00:12:14.150 --> 00:12:14.160 align:start position:0% is to is to is to 00:12:14.160 --> 00:12:17.350 align:start position:0% is to is to is to is<00:12:14.320> to<00:12:14.480> endow<00:12:14.880> robots<00:12:15.279> with<00:12:15.360> the<00:12:15.440> ability<00:12:16.480> to 00:12:17.350 --> 00:12:17.360 align:start position:0% is to endow robots with the ability to 00:12:17.360 --> 00:12:20.550 align:start position:0% is to endow robots with the ability to if<00:12:17.519> you<00:12:17.680> will<00:12:18.880> integrate<00:12:19.519> noisy<00:12:20.000> sources<00:12:20.399> of 00:12:20.550 --> 00:12:20.560 align:start position:0% if you will integrate noisy sources of 00:12:20.560 --> 00:12:21.269 align:start position:0% if you will integrate noisy sources of information 00:12:21.269 --> 00:12:21.279 align:start position:0% information 00:12:21.279 --> 00:12:24.069 align:start position:0% information together<00:12:21.920> into<00:12:22.160> a<00:12:22.240> meaningful<00:12:22.720> sort<00:12:22.959> of<00:12:23.040> way 00:12:24.069 --> 00:12:24.079 align:start position:0% together into a meaningful sort of way 00:12:24.079 --> 00:12:25.910 align:start position:0% together into a meaningful sort of way into<00:12:24.320> something<00:12:24.560> meaningful 00:12:25.910 --> 00:12:25.920 align:start position:0% into something meaningful 00:12:25.920 --> 00:12:27.990 align:start position:0% into something meaningful uh<00:12:26.399> informally<00:12:27.279> formally<00:12:27.680> it<00:12:27.760> means 00:12:27.990 --> 00:12:28.000 align:start position:0% uh informally formally it means 00:12:28.000 --> 00:12:29.829 align:start position:0% uh informally formally it means something<00:12:28.560> a<00:12:28.639> lot<00:12:28.880> more<00:12:29.040> precise<00:12:29.440> than<00:12:29.600> that 00:12:29.829 --> 00:12:29.839 align:start position:0% something a lot more precise than that 00:12:29.839 --> 00:12:32.870 align:start position:0% something a lot more precise than that and<00:12:30.000> it's<00:12:30.079> an<00:12:30.240> old<00:12:30.480> science<00:12:30.880> it's<00:12:31.040> been<00:12:31.200> around 00:12:32.870 --> 00:12:32.880 align:start position:0% and it's an old science it's been around 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high<00:12:39.839> school<00:12:40.079> education 00:12:40.790 --> 00:12:40.800 align:start position:0% who have had high school education 00:12:40.800 --> 00:12:42.550 align:start position:0% who have had high school education have<00:12:40.959> solved<00:12:41.360> estimation<00:12:41.920> problems<00:12:42.320> quite 00:12:42.550 --> 00:12:42.560 align:start position:0% have solved estimation problems quite 00:12:42.560 --> 00:12:44.230 align:start position:0% have solved estimation problems quite formally<00:12:43.120> though<00:12:43.360> we<00:12:43.440> may<00:12:43.600> not<00:12:43.760> understand 00:12:44.230 --> 00:12:44.240 align:start position:0% formally though we may not understand 00:12:44.240 --> 00:12:45.110 align:start position:0% formally though we may not understand that 00:12:45.110 --> 00:12:45.120 align:start position:0% that 00:12:45.120 --> 00:12:46.310 align:start position:0% that and<00:12:45.279> in<00:12:45.360> fact<00:12:45.519> all<00:12:45.680> of<00:12:45.839> us<00:12:45.920> saw<00:12:46.160> them 00:12:46.310 --> 00:12:46.320 align:start position:0% and in fact all of us saw them 00:12:46.320 --> 00:12:48.150 align:start position:0% and in fact all of us saw them informally<00:12:47.040> all<00:12:47.200> the<00:12:47.279> time<00:12:47.760> right 00:12:48.150 --> 00:12:48.160 align:start position:0% informally all the time right 00:12:48.160 --> 00:12:50.629 align:start position:0% informally all the time right you<00:12:48.480> you<00:12:49.279> somebody<00:12:49.680> tells<00:12:49.920> you<00:12:50.160> something<00:12:50.560> and 00:12:50.629 --> 00:12:50.639 align:start position:0% you you somebody tells you something and 00:12:50.639 --> 00:12:51.990 align:start position:0% you you somebody tells you something and somebody<00:12:50.959> tells<00:12:51.120> you<00:12:51.279> something<00:12:51.600> else<00:12:51.920> and 00:12:51.990 --> 00:12:52.000 align:start position:0% somebody tells you something else and 00:12:52.000 --> 00:12:53.590 align:start position:0% somebody tells you something else and you<00:12:52.160> have<00:12:52.240> to<00:12:52.399> make<00:12:52.560> a<00:12:52.639> decision 00:12:53.590 --> 00:12:53.600 align:start position:0% you have to make a decision 00:12:53.600 --> 00:12:56.310 align:start position:0% you have to make a decision and<00:12:53.839> you<00:12:54.079> sort<00:12:54.240> of<00:12:54.399> weigh<00:12:54.959> information<00:12:56.079> and 00:12:56.310 --> 00:12:56.320 align:start position:0% and you sort of weigh information and 00:12:56.320 --> 00:12:57.509 align:start position:0% and you sort of weigh information and trade<00:12:56.639> off 00:12:57.509 --> 00:12:57.519 align:start position:0% trade off 00:12:57.519 --> 00:13:00.069 align:start position:0% trade off one<00:12:57.760> versus<00:12:58.079> the<00:12:58.240> other<00:12:58.880> understanding<00:12:59.440> that 00:13:00.069 --> 00:13:00.079 align:start position:0% one versus the other understanding that 00:13:00.079 --> 00:13:01.990 align:start position:0% one versus the other understanding that neither<00:13:00.399> of<00:13:00.480> your<00:13:00.639> two<00:13:00.800> sources<00:13:01.200> are<00:13:01.279> perfect 00:13:01.990 --> 00:13:02.000 align:start position:0% neither of your two sources are perfect 00:13:02.000 --> 00:13:03.990 align:start position:0% neither of your two sources are perfect and<00:13:02.079> you<00:13:02.240> arrive<00:13:02.639> at<00:13:03.200> at<00:13:03.360> some<00:13:03.600> sort<00:13:03.839> of<00:13:03.920> a 00:13:03.990 --> 00:13:04.000 align:start position:0% and you arrive at at some sort of a 00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:06.230 align:start position:0% and you arrive at at some sort of a conclusion<00:13:04.480> based<00:13:04.800> on<00:13:04.959> disparate 00:13:06.230 --> 00:13:06.240 align:start position:0% conclusion based on disparate 00:13:06.240 --> 00:13:08.230 align:start position:0% conclusion based on disparate sources<00:13:06.560> of<00:13:06.720> information<00:13:07.360> that<00:13:07.600> are<00:13:08.160> in 00:13:08.230 --> 00:13:08.240 align:start position:0% sources of information that are in 00:13:08.240 --> 00:13:09.750 align:start position:0% sources of information that are in technical<00:13:08.720> terms<00:13:09.040> noisy 00:13:09.750 --> 00:13:09.760 align:start position:0% technical terms noisy 00:13:09.760 --> 00:13:12.949 align:start position:0% technical terms noisy right<00:13:10.079> we<00:13:10.240> do<00:13:10.399> this<00:13:10.560> all<00:13:10.720> the<00:13:10.800> time<00:13:11.680> um 00:13:12.949 --> 00:13:12.959 align:start position:0% right we do this all the time um 00:13:12.959 --> 00:13:14.389 align:start position:0% right we do this all the time um and<00:13:13.120> if<00:13:13.200> you<00:13:13.279> took<00:13:13.519> laboratory<00:13:14.079> if<00:13:14.160> you<00:13:14.240> took 00:13:14.389 --> 00:13:14.399 align:start position:0% and if you took laboratory if you took 00:13:14.399 --> 00:13:16.150 align:start position:0% and if you took laboratory if you took any<00:13:14.639> kind<00:13:14.800> of<00:13:15.120> lab<00:13:15.519> physics<00:13:15.920> and 00:13:16.150 --> 00:13:16.160 align:start position:0% any kind of lab physics and 00:13:16.160 --> 00:13:18.710 align:start position:0% any kind of lab physics and as<00:13:16.560> a<00:13:16.639> high<00:13:16.800> school<00:13:17.200> student<00:13:17.519> then<00:13:18.240> of<00:13:18.320> course 00:13:18.710 --> 00:13:18.720 align:start position:0% as a high school student then of course 00:13:18.720 --> 00:13:19.269 align:start position:0% as a high school student then of course you 00:13:19.269 --> 00:13:19.279 align:start position:0% you 00:13:19.279 --> 00:13:21.430 align:start position:0% you you<00:13:19.839> took<00:13:20.000> a<00:13:20.079> lot<00:13:20.240> of<00:13:20.399> data<00:13:20.720> in<00:13:20.800> the<00:13:20.959> lab<00:13:21.360> and 00:13:21.430 --> 00:13:21.440 align:start position:0% you took a lot of data in the lab and 00:13:21.440 --> 00:13:23.110 align:start position:0% you took a lot of data in the lab and then<00:13:21.600> you<00:13:21.920> fitted<00:13:22.320> lines<00:13:22.639> to<00:13:22.880> it 00:13:23.110 --> 00:13:23.120 align:start position:0% then you fitted lines to it 00:13:23.120 --> 00:13:26.150 align:start position:0% then you fitted lines to it and<00:13:23.600> that's<00:13:23.839> a<00:13:23.920> process<00:13:24.240> of<00:13:24.399> estimation<00:13:25.680> now 00:13:26.150 --> 00:13:26.160 align:start position:0% and that's a process of estimation now 00:13:26.160 --> 00:13:27.829 align:start position:0% and that's a process of estimation now in<00:13:26.320> robotics<00:13:26.800> this<00:13:26.959> is<00:13:27.040> a<00:13:27.120> very<00:13:27.360> significant 00:13:27.829 --> 00:13:27.839 align:start position:0% in robotics this is a very significant 00:13:27.839 --> 00:13:29.590 align:start position:0% in robotics this is a very significant thing<00:13:28.079> because<00:13:28.880> robots 00:13:29.590 --> 00:13:29.600 align:start position:0% thing because robots 00:13:29.600 --> 00:13:31.269 align:start position:0% thing because robots sophisticated<00:13:30.240> robots<00:13:30.720> tend<00:13:30.880> to<00:13:31.040> have<00:13:31.200> a 00:13:31.269 --> 00:13:31.279 align:start position:0% sophisticated robots tend to have a 00:13:31.279 --> 00:13:33.030 align:start position:0% sophisticated robots tend to have a variety<00:13:31.680> of<00:13:31.760> sensors<00:13:32.240> on<00:13:32.320> them 00:13:33.030 --> 00:13:33.040 align:start position:0% variety of sensors on them 00:13:33.040 --> 00:13:36.150 align:start position:0% variety of sensors on them and<00:13:33.200> the<00:13:33.360> sensors<00:13:33.920> don't<00:13:34.160> quite<00:13:34.399> measure<00:13:34.959> what 00:13:36.150 --> 00:13:36.160 align:start position:0% and the sensors don't quite measure what 00:13:36.160 --> 00:13:38.150 align:start position:0% and the sensors don't quite measure what well<00:13:36.480> for<00:13:36.639> starters<00:13:37.040> they're<00:13:37.200> not<00:13:37.519> all<00:13:37.920> as 00:13:38.150 --> 00:13:38.160 align:start position:0% well for starters they're not all as 00:13:38.160 --> 00:13:40.230 align:start position:0% well for starters they're not all as accurate<00:13:38.560> as<00:13:38.639> you'd<00:13:38.800> like<00:13:39.040> them<00:13:39.199> to<00:13:39.360> be 00:13:40.230 --> 00:13:40.240 align:start position:0% accurate as you'd like them to be 00:13:40.240 --> 00:13:44.069 align:start position:0% accurate as you'd like them to be and<00:13:42.000> as<00:13:42.320> another<00:13:42.639> important<00:13:42.959> consideration 00:13:44.069 --> 00:13:44.079 align:start position:0% and as another important consideration 00:13:44.079 --> 00:13:45.509 align:start position:0% and as another important consideration they<00:13:44.320> all<00:13:44.480> measure<00:13:44.880> somewhat<00:13:45.199> different 00:13:45.509 --> 00:13:45.519 align:start position:0% they all measure somewhat different 00:13:45.519 --> 00:13:47.750 align:start position:0% they all measure somewhat different things<00:13:46.399> and<00:13:46.560> no<00:13:46.720> one<00:13:46.959> sensor<00:13:47.360> gives<00:13:47.600> you 00:13:47.750 --> 00:13:47.760 align:start position:0% things and no one sensor gives you 00:13:47.760 --> 00:13:49.110 align:start position:0% things and no one sensor gives you everything<00:13:48.160> you<00:13:48.320> want 00:13:49.110 --> 00:13:49.120 align:start position:0% everything you want 00:13:49.120 --> 00:13:50.949 align:start position:0% everything you want so<00:13:49.279> the<00:13:49.440> science<00:13:49.839> of<00:13:49.920> combining<00:13:50.480> these<00:13:50.720> things 00:13:50.949 --> 00:13:50.959 align:start position:0% so the science of combining these things 00:13:50.959 --> 00:13:52.550 align:start position:0% so the science of combining these things together<00:13:51.279> in<00:13:51.519> interesting<00:13:51.920> ways<00:13:52.320> that<00:13:52.480> are 00:13:52.550 --> 00:13:52.560 align:start position:0% together in interesting ways that are 00:13:52.560 --> 00:13:53.269 align:start position:0% together in interesting ways that are meaningful 00:13:53.269 --> 00:13:53.279 align:start position:0% meaningful 00:13:53.279 --> 00:13:55.509 align:start position:0% meaningful and<00:13:53.519> actionable<00:13:54.079> by<00:13:54.240> the<00:13:54.399> robot<00:13:55.040> is<00:13:55.199> really 00:13:55.509 --> 00:13:55.519 align:start position:0% and actionable by the robot is really 00:13:55.519 --> 00:13:57.030 align:start position:0% and actionable by the robot is really the<00:13:55.680> estimation<00:13:56.320> problem 00:13:57.030 --> 00:13:57.040 align:start position:0% the estimation problem 00:13:57.040 --> 00:14:00.470 align:start position:0% the estimation problem now<00:13:57.360> this<00:13:57.600> is<00:13:57.760> a<00:13:58.000> whole<00:13:58.560> big<00:13:58.880> general<00:13:59.360> field 00:14:00.470 --> 00:14:00.480 align:start position:0% now this is a whole big general field 00:14:00.480 --> 00:14:02.949 align:start position:0% now this is a whole big general field within<00:14:00.800> this<00:14:01.040> field<00:14:01.440> my<00:14:01.839> lab<00:14:02.560> currently 00:14:02.949 --> 00:14:02.959 align:start position:0% within this field my lab currently 00:14:02.959 --> 00:14:03.670 align:start position:0% within this field my lab currently focuses 00:14:03.670 --> 00:14:03.680 align:start position:0% focuses 00:14:03.680 --> 00:14:06.790 align:start position:0% focuses on<00:14:04.079> problems<00:14:04.800> in<00:14:05.199> uh<00:14:05.680> in<00:14:05.920> one<00:14:06.240> particular 00:14:06.790 --> 00:14:06.800 align:start position:0% on problems in uh in one particular 00:14:06.800 --> 00:14:07.990 align:start position:0% on problems in uh in one particular domain 00:14:07.990 --> 00:14:08.000 align:start position:0% domain 00:14:08.000 --> 00:14:11.590 align:start position:0% domain we<00:14:08.160> work<00:14:08.560> very<00:14:08.880> extensively<00:14:09.920> on<00:14:10.880> on 00:14:11.590 --> 00:14:11.600 align:start position:0% we work very extensively on on 00:14:11.600 --> 00:14:14.710 align:start position:0% we work very extensively on on on<00:14:12.000> marine<00:14:12.399> and<00:14:12.560> aquatic<00:14:13.040> robots<00:14:14.079> that<00:14:14.480> that 00:14:14.710 --> 00:14:14.720 align:start position:0% on marine and aquatic robots that that 00:14:14.720 --> 00:14:15.990 align:start position:0% on marine and aquatic robots that that apply<00:14:15.040> these<00:14:15.360> techniques 00:14:15.990 --> 00:14:16.000 align:start position:0% apply these techniques 00:14:16.000 --> 00:14:19.030 align:start position:0% apply these techniques to<00:14:16.399> exploring<00:14:17.120> large-scale<00:14:17.760> water<00:14:18.079> bodies 00:14:19.030 --> 00:14:19.040 align:start position:0% to exploring large-scale water bodies 00:14:19.040 --> 00:14:21.590 align:start position:0% to exploring large-scale water bodies rivers<00:14:19.600> oceans<00:14:20.079> lakes<00:14:20.880> and<00:14:21.040> a<00:14:21.120> lot<00:14:21.279> of<00:14:21.360> this 00:14:21.590 --> 00:14:21.600 align:start position:0% rivers oceans lakes and a lot of this 00:14:21.600 --> 00:14:23.910 align:start position:0% rivers oceans lakes and a lot of this work<00:14:21.920> is<00:14:22.079> very<00:14:22.399> interdisciplinary<00:14:23.279> we<00:14:23.360> do<00:14:23.600> it 00:14:23.910 --> 00:14:23.920 align:start position:0% work is very interdisciplinary we do it 00:14:23.920 --> 00:14:25.590 align:start position:0% work is very interdisciplinary we do it in<00:14:24.079> conjunction<00:14:24.720> with<00:14:25.040> colleagues<00:14:25.440> in 00:14:25.590 --> 00:14:25.600 align:start position:0% in conjunction with colleagues in 00:14:25.600 --> 00:14:27.430 align:start position:0% in conjunction with colleagues in oceanography<00:14:26.399> and<00:14:26.639> colleagues<00:14:27.040> in<00:14:27.120> marine 00:14:27.430 --> 00:14:27.440 align:start position:0% oceanography and colleagues in marine 00:14:27.440 --> 00:14:28.550 align:start position:0% oceanography and colleagues in marine biology 00:14:28.550 --> 00:14:28.560 align:start position:0% biology 00:14:28.560 --> 00:14:31.590 align:start position:0% biology and<00:14:28.959> people<00:14:29.199> who<00:14:29.360> model<00:14:29.680> the<00:14:29.839> oceans<00:14:30.880> we<00:14:31.040> are 00:14:31.590 --> 00:14:31.600 align:start position:0% and people who model the oceans we are 00:14:31.600 --> 00:14:33.269 align:start position:0% and people who model the oceans we are we<00:14:31.839> work<00:14:32.079> if<00:14:32.240> you<00:14:32.320> will<00:14:32.560> in<00:14:32.720> environmental 00:14:33.269 --> 00:14:33.279 align:start position:0% we work if you will in environmental 00:14:33.279 --> 00:14:34.629 align:start position:0% we work if you will in environmental robotics<00:14:33.839> right<00:14:34.160> but<00:14:34.320> the 00:14:34.629 --> 00:14:34.639 align:start position:0% robotics right but the 00:14:34.639 --> 00:14:37.110 align:start position:0% robotics right but the technical<00:14:35.040> contributions<00:14:35.680> my<00:14:35.920> lab<00:14:36.160> makes<00:14:36.880> are 00:14:37.110 --> 00:14:37.120 align:start position:0% technical contributions my lab makes are 00:14:37.120 --> 00:14:39.030 align:start position:0% technical contributions my lab makes are in<00:14:37.360> estimation<00:14:38.000> techniques<00:14:38.560> for 00:14:39.030 --> 00:14:39.040 align:start position:0% in estimation techniques for 00:14:39.040 --> 00:14:41.350 align:start position:0% in estimation techniques for particularly<00:14:39.680> for<00:14:39.839> robots<00:14:40.320> that<00:14:40.639> uh<00:14:41.199> that 00:14:41.350 --> 00:14:41.360 align:start position:0% particularly for robots that uh that 00:14:41.360 --> 00:14:42.710 align:start position:0% particularly for robots that uh that float<00:14:41.760> or<00:14:42.000> swim 00:14:42.710 --> 00:14:42.720 align:start position:0% float or swim 00:14:42.720 --> 00:14:45.030 align:start position:0% float or swim or<00:14:43.040> min<00:14:43.519> or<00:14:43.680> maneuver<00:14:44.079> in<00:14:44.240> water<00:14:44.639> in<00:14:44.720> some<00:14:44.880> way 00:14:45.030 --> 00:14:45.040 align:start position:0% or min or maneuver in water in some way 00:14:45.040 --> 00:14:47.030 align:start position:0% or min or maneuver in water in some way or<00:14:45.120> the<00:14:45.199> other<00:14:45.440> like<00:14:45.680> like<00:14:45.920> this<00:14:46.079> robot<00:14:46.480> boat 00:14:47.030 --> 00:14:47.040 align:start position:0% or the other like like this robot boat 00:14:47.040 --> 00:14:48.949 align:start position:0% or the other like like this robot boat that<00:14:47.199> you<00:14:47.360> see<00:14:47.519> here<00:14:48.160> that's<00:14:48.320> sort<00:14:48.560> of<00:14:48.639> one 00:14:48.949 --> 00:14:48.959 align:start position:0% that you see here that's sort of one 00:14:48.959 --> 00:14:50.550 align:start position:0% that you see here that's sort of one area 00:14:50.550 --> 00:14:50.560 align:start position:0% area 00:14:50.560 --> 00:14:52.629 align:start position:0% area another<00:14:50.959> area<00:14:51.279> that<00:14:51.440> we<00:14:51.600> work<00:14:51.839> on<00:14:52.000> is<00:14:52.399> on 00:14:52.629 --> 00:14:52.639 align:start position:0% another area that we work on is on 00:14:52.639 --> 00:14:54.230 align:start position:0% another area that we work on is on estimation<00:14:53.360> problems 00:14:54.230 --> 00:14:54.240 align:start position:0% estimation problems 00:14:54.240 --> 00:14:58.150 align:start position:0% estimation problems for<00:14:55.519> fusing<00:14:56.839> particularly 00:14:58.150 --> 00:14:58.160 align:start position:0% for fusing particularly 00:14:58.160 --> 00:15:00.629 align:start position:0% for fusing particularly visual<00:14:58.880> information<00:14:59.600> such<00:14:59.839> as<00:15:00.160> comes<00:15:00.399> from 00:15:00.629 --> 00:15:00.639 align:start position:0% visual information such as comes from 00:15:00.639 --> 00:15:01.590 align:start position:0% visual information such as comes from cameras 00:15:01.590 --> 00:15:01.600 align:start position:0% cameras 00:15:01.600 --> 00:15:03.269 align:start position:0% cameras with<00:15:01.920> information<00:15:02.480> that<00:15:02.639> comes<00:15:02.959> from 00:15:03.269 --> 00:15:03.279 align:start position:0% with information that comes from 00:15:03.279 --> 00:15:05.509 align:start position:0% with information that comes from inertial<00:15:03.760> sensors<00:15:04.320> such<00:15:04.560> as 00:15:05.509 --> 00:15:05.519 align:start position:0% inertial sensors such as 00:15:05.519 --> 00:15:08.710 align:start position:0% inertial sensors such as imus<00:15:06.240> gyroscopes<00:15:06.959> and<00:15:07.040> accelerometers 00:15:08.710 --> 00:15:08.720 align:start position:0% imus gyroscopes and accelerometers 00:15:08.720 --> 00:15:10.470 align:start position:0% imus gyroscopes and accelerometers and<00:15:08.880> these<00:15:09.040> are<00:15:09.199> devices<00:15:09.680> that<00:15:09.839> are<00:15:10.000> typically 00:15:10.470 --> 00:15:10.480 align:start position:0% and these are devices that are typically 00:15:10.480 --> 00:15:13.030 align:start position:0% and these are devices that are typically found<00:15:10.800> on<00:15:11.040> robots<00:15:11.440> like<00:15:11.680> this 00:15:13.030 --> 00:15:13.040 align:start position:0% found on robots like this 00:15:13.040 --> 00:15:16.949 align:start position:0% found on robots like this or<00:15:13.839> also<00:15:14.480> on<00:15:15.040> increasingly<00:15:15.839> on 00:15:16.949 --> 00:15:16.959 align:start position:0% or also on increasingly on 00:15:16.959 --> 00:15:20.949 align:start position:0% or also on increasingly on on<00:15:18.800> on<00:15:19.360> things<00:15:19.600> like<00:15:19.760> your<00:15:19.920> cell<00:15:20.079> phone 00:15:20.949 --> 00:15:20.959 align:start position:0% on on things like your cell phone 00:15:20.959 --> 00:15:23.110 align:start position:0% on on things like your cell phone which<00:15:21.199> have<00:15:21.360> cameras<00:15:21.760> and<00:15:21.920> imus<00:15:22.800> and<00:15:22.959> there 00:15:23.110 --> 00:15:23.120 align:start position:0% which have cameras and imus and there 00:15:23.120 --> 00:15:24.949 align:start position:0% which have cameras and imus and there are<00:15:23.279> interesting<00:15:23.760> information<00:15:24.320> fusion 00:15:24.949 --> 00:15:24.959 align:start position:0% are interesting information fusion 00:15:24.959 --> 00:15:28.069 align:start position:0% are interesting information fusion and<00:15:25.360> estimation<00:15:26.000> problems<00:15:26.800> on<00:15:27.040> how<00:15:27.199> you<00:15:27.440> take 00:15:28.069 --> 00:15:28.079 align:start position:0% and estimation problems on how you take 00:15:28.079 --> 00:15:30.470 align:start position:0% and estimation problems on how you take visual<00:15:28.480> data<00:15:29.040> and<00:15:29.279> inertial<00:15:29.759> data<00:15:30.079> and<00:15:30.160> fuse 00:15:30.470 --> 00:15:30.480 align:start position:0% visual data and inertial data and fuse 00:15:30.480 --> 00:15:32.150 align:start position:0% visual data and inertial data and fuse them<00:15:30.639> together<00:15:30.959> in<00:15:31.040> a<00:15:31.120> meaningful<00:15:31.600> way 00:15:32.150 --> 00:15:32.160 align:start position:0% them together in a meaningful way 00:15:32.160 --> 00:15:35.030 align:start position:0% them together in a meaningful way and<00:15:32.399> so<00:15:32.639> for<00:15:33.120> robots<00:15:33.519> like<00:15:33.759> this<00:15:34.560> and<00:15:34.720> even 00:15:35.030 --> 00:15:35.040 align:start position:0% and so for robots like this and even 00:15:35.040 --> 00:15:36.069 align:start position:0% and so for robots like this and even cell<00:15:35.279> phones<00:15:35.600> which 00:15:36.069 --> 00:15:36.079 align:start position:0% cell phones which 00:15:36.079 --> 00:15:37.829 align:start position:0% cell phones which somewhat<00:15:36.480> subversively<00:15:37.120> we<00:15:37.279> pretend<00:15:37.680> are 00:15:37.829 --> 00:15:37.839 align:start position:0% somewhat subversively we pretend are 00:15:37.839 --> 00:15:40.150 align:start position:0% somewhat subversively we pretend are robots<00:15:38.800> we<00:15:38.959> work<00:15:39.199> on<00:15:39.360> problems<00:15:39.759> of 00:15:40.150 --> 00:15:40.160 align:start position:0% robots we work on problems of 00:15:40.160 --> 00:15:42.230 align:start position:0% robots we work on problems of fusing<00:15:40.639> information<00:15:41.120> together<00:15:41.839> and<00:15:42.000> so<00:15:42.160> the 00:15:42.230 --> 00:15:42.240 align:start position:0% fusing information together and so the 00:15:42.240 --> 00:15:44.069 align:start position:0% fusing information together and so the broad<00:15:42.639> theme<00:15:42.880> is<00:15:43.040> information<00:15:43.519> fusion<00:15:43.920> and 00:15:44.069 --> 00:15:44.079 align:start position:0% broad theme is information fusion and 00:15:44.079 --> 00:15:45.030 align:start position:0% broad theme is information fusion and estimation 00:15:45.030 --> 00:15:45.040 align:start position:0% estimation 00:15:45.040 --> 00:15:46.870 align:start position:0% estimation but<00:15:45.279> we<00:15:45.440> have<00:15:45.600> a<00:15:45.680> very<00:15:45.920> strong<00:15:46.320> focus<00:15:46.720> on 00:15:46.870 --> 00:15:46.880 align:start position:0% but we have a very strong focus on 00:15:46.880 --> 00:15:48.629 align:start position:0% but we have a very strong focus on aquatic<00:15:47.279> and<00:15:47.360> marine<00:15:47.680> robots 00:15:48.629 --> 00:15:48.639 align:start position:0% aquatic and marine robots 00:15:48.639 --> 00:15:50.790 align:start position:0% aquatic and marine robots and<00:15:48.959> then<00:15:49.360> some<00:15:49.680> some<00:15:49.920> projects<00:15:50.399> also<00:15:50.639> on 00:15:50.790 --> 00:15:50.800 align:start position:0% and then some some projects also on 00:15:50.800 --> 00:15:52.310 align:start position:0% and then some some projects also on personal<00:15:51.120> robots<00:15:51.680> and 00:15:52.310 --> 00:15:52.320 align:start position:0% personal robots and 00:15:52.320 --> 00:15:53.829 align:start position:0% personal robots and doing<00:15:52.560> some<00:15:52.720> work<00:15:52.959> on<00:15:53.120> small<00:15:53.360> embedded 00:15:53.829 --> 00:15:53.839 align:start position:0% doing some work on small embedded 00:15:53.839 --> 00:15:57.910 align:start position:0% doing some work on small embedded systems<00:15:54.240> like<00:15:54.560> uh<00:15:54.880> like<00:15:55.120> cell<00:15:55.360> phones 00:15:57.910 --> 00:15:57.920 align:start position:0% 00:15:57.920 --> 00:16:01.430 align:start position:0% so<00:15:58.480> what<00:15:58.639> do<00:15:58.720> you<00:15:58.800> see<00:15:59.040> is<00:15:59.199> the<00:16:00.480> major<00:16:00.880> problems 00:16:01.430 --> 00:16:01.440 align:start position:0% so what do you see is the major problems 00:16:01.440 --> 00:16:02.629 align:start position:0% so what do you see is the major problems confronting 00:16:02.629 --> 00:16:02.639 align:start position:0% confronting 00:16:02.639 --> 00:16:06.790 align:start position:0% confronting estimation<00:16:03.440> and<00:16:03.519> data<00:16:03.839> fusion 00:16:06.790 --> 00:16:06.800 align:start position:0% 00:16:06.800 --> 00:16:09.509 align:start position:0% so<00:16:07.279> these<00:16:08.240> estimation<00:16:08.800> and<00:16:08.880> data<00:16:09.199> fusion 00:16:09.509 --> 00:16:09.519 align:start position:0% so these estimation and data fusion 00:16:09.519 --> 00:16:10.470 align:start position:0% so these estimation and data fusion problems 00:16:10.470 --> 00:16:10.480 align:start position:0% problems 00:16:10.480 --> 00:16:13.030 align:start position:0% problems uh<00:16:11.519> we<00:16:11.680> understand<00:16:12.160> a<00:16:12.240> lot<00:16:12.480> more<00:16:12.639> about<00:16:12.880> them 00:16:13.030 --> 00:16:13.040 align:start position:0% uh we understand a lot more about them 00:16:13.040 --> 00:16:13.590 align:start position:0% uh we understand a lot more about them than<00:16:13.279> we 00:16:13.590 --> 00:16:13.600 align:start position:0% than we 00:16:13.600 --> 00:16:17.030 align:start position:0% than we used<00:16:13.839> to<00:16:14.880> but<00:16:15.120> doing<00:16:15.360> them<00:16:15.600> in<00:16:15.680> the<00:16:15.920> large 00:16:17.030 --> 00:16:17.040 align:start position:0% used to but doing them in the large 00:16:17.040 --> 00:16:20.949 align:start position:0% used to but doing them in the large um<00:16:17.519> for<00:16:17.680> robots<00:16:18.160> that<00:16:19.279> that 00:16:20.949 --> 00:16:20.959 align:start position:0% um for robots that that 00:16:20.959 --> 00:16:23.030 align:start position:0% um for robots that that that<00:16:21.199> have<00:16:21.360> to<00:16:21.440> sort<00:16:21.680> of<00:16:22.000> do<00:16:22.160> this<00:16:22.399> over<00:16:22.720> either 00:16:23.030 --> 00:16:23.040 align:start position:0% that have to sort of do this over either 00:16:23.040 --> 00:16:24.150 align:start position:0% that have to sort of do this over either long<00:16:23.279> periods<00:16:23.600> of<00:16:23.759> time 00:16:24.150 --> 00:16:24.160 align:start position:0% long periods of time 00:16:24.160 --> 00:16:26.550 align:start position:0% long periods of time or<00:16:24.320> over<00:16:24.480> a<00:16:24.560> large<00:16:24.800> spatial<00:16:25.279> extent<00:16:26.320> it's 00:16:26.550 --> 00:16:26.560 align:start position:0% or over a large spatial extent it's 00:16:26.560 --> 00:16:29.110 align:start position:0% or over a large spatial extent it's still<00:16:27.120> a<00:16:27.360> relatively<00:16:27.839> challenging<00:16:28.399> thing 00:16:29.110 --> 00:16:29.120 align:start position:0% still a relatively challenging thing 00:16:29.120 --> 00:16:31.350 align:start position:0% still a relatively challenging thing we've<00:16:29.360> made<00:16:29.519> a<00:16:29.600> lot<00:16:29.759> of<00:16:29.839> progress<00:16:30.399> but<00:16:30.959> but 00:16:31.350 --> 00:16:31.360 align:start position:0% we've made a lot of progress but but 00:16:31.360 --> 00:16:32.949 align:start position:0% we've made a lot of progress but but there<00:16:31.839> are<00:16:32.000> definitely<00:16:32.480> some 00:16:32.949 --> 00:16:32.959 align:start position:0% there are definitely some 00:16:32.959 --> 00:16:34.470 align:start position:0% there are definitely some some<00:16:33.199> outstanding<00:16:33.680> issues<00:16:34.000> when<00:16:34.160> you<00:16:34.240> try<00:16:34.399> and 00:16:34.470 --> 00:16:34.480 align:start position:0% some outstanding issues when you try and 00:16:34.480 --> 00:16:36.629 align:start position:0% some outstanding issues when you try and scale<00:16:34.720> them<00:16:34.959> up<00:16:35.600> taking<00:16:35.839> them<00:16:36.079> outside<00:16:36.480> the 00:16:36.629 --> 00:16:36.639 align:start position:0% scale them up taking them outside the 00:16:36.639 --> 00:16:37.350 align:start position:0% scale them up taking them outside the lab 00:16:37.350 --> 00:16:37.360 align:start position:0% lab 00:16:37.360 --> 00:16:40.790 align:start position:0% lab is<00:16:37.600> a<00:16:37.680> significant<00:16:38.320> challenge<00:16:39.920> and<00:16:40.079> my<00:16:40.399> group 00:16:40.790 --> 00:16:40.800 align:start position:0% is a significant challenge and my group 00:16:40.800 --> 00:16:42.870 align:start position:0% is a significant challenge and my group in<00:16:40.880> particular<00:16:41.680> is<00:16:41.920> very<00:16:42.240> interested<00:16:42.720> and 00:16:42.870 --> 00:16:42.880 align:start position:0% in particular is very interested and 00:16:42.880 --> 00:16:44.470 align:start position:0% in particular is very interested and works<00:16:43.199> very<00:16:43.440> actively 00:16:44.470 --> 00:16:44.480 align:start position:0% works very actively 00:16:44.480 --> 00:16:48.389 align:start position:0% works very actively on<00:16:45.120> on<00:16:46.160> the<00:16:46.399> interplay<00:16:47.040> between 00:16:48.389 --> 00:16:48.399 align:start position:0% on on the interplay between 00:16:48.399 --> 00:16:50.150 align:start position:0% on on the interplay between the<00:16:48.639> algorithms<00:16:49.199> needed<00:16:49.519> for<00:16:49.680> doing<00:16:49.920> good 00:16:50.150 --> 00:16:50.160 align:start position:0% the algorithms needed for doing good 00:16:50.160 --> 00:16:53.030 align:start position:0% the algorithms needed for doing good estimation<00:16:51.360> and<00:16:51.600> the<00:16:51.839> kinds<00:16:52.240> of<00:16:52.399> models<00:16:52.880> that 00:16:53.030 --> 00:16:53.040 align:start position:0% estimation and the kinds of models that 00:16:53.040 --> 00:16:53.910 align:start position:0% estimation and the kinds of models that are<00:16:53.120> available 00:16:53.910 --> 00:16:53.920 align:start position:0% are available 00:16:53.920 --> 00:16:56.069 align:start position:0% are available when<00:16:54.079> one<00:16:54.320> takes<00:16:54.560> robots<00:16:55.040> outdoors<00:16:55.759> i'll<00:16:56.000> give 00:16:56.069 --> 00:16:56.079 align:start position:0% when one takes robots outdoors i'll give 00:16:56.079 --> 00:16:57.509 align:start position:0% when one takes robots outdoors i'll give you<00:16:56.240> an<00:16:56.320> example 00:16:57.509 --> 00:16:57.519 align:start position:0% you an example 00:16:57.519 --> 00:17:00.629 align:start position:0% you an example um<00:16:59.199> what<00:16:59.360> you<00:16:59.519> don't<00:16:59.759> see<00:16:59.920> behind<00:17:00.240> me<00:17:00.399> is<00:17:00.480> one 00:17:00.629 --> 00:17:00.639 align:start position:0% um what you don't see behind me is one 00:17:00.639 --> 00:17:02.150 align:start position:0% um what you don't see behind me is one of<00:17:00.800> our<00:17:00.959> underwater<00:17:01.440> robots<00:17:01.839> which<00:17:02.079> is 00:17:02.150 --> 00:17:02.160 align:start position:0% of our underwater robots which is 00:17:02.160 --> 00:17:04.309 align:start position:0% of our underwater robots which is currently<00:17:02.480> patrolling<00:17:02.880> the<00:17:02.959> pacific<00:17:03.360> ocean 00:17:04.309 --> 00:17:04.319 align:start position:0% currently patrolling the pacific ocean 00:17:04.319 --> 00:17:06.230 align:start position:0% currently patrolling the pacific ocean it's<00:17:04.559> out<00:17:04.799> in<00:17:04.880> a<00:17:04.959> two-week<00:17:05.280> mission<00:17:06.000> where 00:17:06.230 --> 00:17:06.240 align:start position:0% it's out in a two-week mission where 00:17:06.240 --> 00:17:07.669 align:start position:0% it's out in a two-week mission where it's<00:17:06.319> going<00:17:06.480> to<00:17:06.640> spend<00:17:06.880> a<00:17:06.959> very<00:17:07.199> significant 00:17:07.669 --> 00:17:07.679 align:start position:0% it's going to spend a very significant 00:17:07.679 --> 00:17:08.789 align:start position:0% it's going to spend a very significant portion<00:17:08.000> of<00:17:08.079> the<00:17:08.160> two<00:17:08.319> weeks 00:17:08.789 --> 00:17:08.799 align:start position:0% portion of the two weeks 00:17:08.799 --> 00:17:11.189 align:start position:0% portion of the two weeks exploring<00:17:09.520> the<00:17:09.679> near<00:17:09.919> coastal<00:17:10.319> ocean<00:17:10.959> near 00:17:11.189 --> 00:17:11.199 align:start position:0% exploring the near coastal ocean near 00:17:11.199 --> 00:17:13.029 align:start position:0% exploring the near coastal ocean near los<00:17:11.439> angeles 00:17:13.029 --> 00:17:13.039 align:start position:0% los angeles 00:17:13.039 --> 00:17:17.189 align:start position:0% los angeles and<00:17:13.919> it's<00:17:14.640> executing<00:17:15.360> a<00:17:15.520> variant<00:17:16.160> of 00:17:17.189 --> 00:17:17.199 align:start position:0% and it's executing a variant of 00:17:17.199 --> 00:17:19.990 align:start position:0% and it's executing a variant of of<00:17:17.360> a<00:17:17.439> particular<00:17:17.919> planning<00:17:18.319> algorithm<00:17:19.120> which 00:17:19.990 --> 00:17:20.000 align:start position:0% of a particular planning algorithm which 00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:21.990 align:start position:0% of a particular planning algorithm which which<00:17:20.319> in<00:17:20.480> turn<00:17:20.880> uses 00:17:21.990 --> 00:17:22.000 align:start position:0% which in turn uses 00:17:22.000 --> 00:17:25.350 align:start position:0% which in turn uses estimation<00:17:22.720> techniques<00:17:23.760> to<00:17:24.400> to<00:17:24.720> gauge 00:17:25.350 --> 00:17:25.360 align:start position:0% estimation techniques to to gauge 00:17:25.360 --> 00:17:27.669 align:start position:0% estimation techniques to to gauge fairly<00:17:25.760> accurately<00:17:26.400> the<00:17:26.559> robot's<00:17:26.959> trajectory 00:17:27.669 --> 00:17:27.679 align:start position:0% fairly accurately the robot's trajectory 00:17:27.679 --> 00:17:29.990 align:start position:0% fairly accurately the robot's trajectory as<00:17:27.839> it's<00:17:28.000> moving<00:17:28.319> through<00:17:28.480> the<00:17:28.640> water 00:17:29.990 --> 00:17:30.000 align:start position:0% as it's moving through the water 00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:33.270 align:start position:0% as it's moving through the water and<00:17:30.160> these<00:17:30.840> algorithms<00:17:31.520> uh<00:17:32.400> in<00:17:32.559> themselves 00:17:33.270 --> 00:17:33.280 align:start position:0% and these algorithms uh in themselves 00:17:33.280 --> 00:17:35.190 align:start position:0% and these algorithms uh in themselves would<00:17:33.520> be<00:17:33.679> fairly<00:17:34.080> easy<00:17:34.480> but<00:17:34.640> they<00:17:34.880> operate 00:17:35.190 --> 00:17:35.200 align:start position:0% would be fairly easy but they operate 00:17:35.200 --> 00:17:36.789 align:start position:0% would be fairly easy but they operate under<00:17:35.360> very<00:17:35.600> severe<00:17:35.919> constraints 00:17:36.789 --> 00:17:36.799 align:start position:0% under very severe constraints 00:17:36.799 --> 00:17:39.270 align:start position:0% under very severe constraints and<00:17:36.880> the<00:17:37.039> constraints<00:17:37.600> are<00:17:38.480> that<00:17:38.960> some<00:17:39.120> of 00:17:39.270 --> 00:17:39.280 align:start position:0% and the constraints are that some of 00:17:39.280 --> 00:17:39.909 align:start position:0% and the constraints are that some of them<00:17:39.440> are<00:17:39.520> very 00:17:39.909 --> 00:17:39.919 align:start position:0% them are very 00:17:39.919 --> 00:17:41.270 align:start position:0% them are very sort<00:17:40.080> of<00:17:40.160> practical<00:17:40.640> constraints<00:17:41.120> they 00:17:41.270 --> 00:17:41.280 align:start position:0% sort of practical constraints they 00:17:41.280 --> 00:17:43.110 align:start position:0% sort of practical constraints they operate<00:17:41.679> on<00:17:41.919> on<00:17:42.080> a<00:17:42.160> small<00:17:42.480> computer 00:17:43.110 --> 00:17:43.120 align:start position:0% operate on on a small computer 00:17:43.120 --> 00:17:45.110 align:start position:0% operate on on a small computer in<00:17:43.280> a<00:17:43.520> in<00:17:43.679> an<00:17:43.840> underwater<00:17:44.320> robot<00:17:44.720> with<00:17:44.880> no 00:17:45.110 --> 00:17:45.120 align:start position:0% in a in an underwater robot with no 00:17:45.120 --> 00:17:46.150 align:start position:0% in a in an underwater robot with no other<00:17:45.360> access<00:17:45.760> to 00:17:46.150 --> 00:17:46.160 align:start position:0% other access to 00:17:46.160 --> 00:17:49.190 align:start position:0% other access to other<00:17:46.320> computing<00:17:48.400> there<00:17:48.559> are<00:17:48.720> some<00:17:48.880> power 00:17:49.190 --> 00:17:49.200 align:start position:0% other computing there are some power 00:17:49.200 --> 00:17:50.789 align:start position:0% other computing there are some power constraints<00:17:49.760> and<00:17:49.840> so<00:17:50.000> on 00:17:50.789 --> 00:17:50.799 align:start position:0% constraints and so on 00:17:50.799 --> 00:17:53.350 align:start position:0% constraints and so on but<00:17:51.440> but<00:17:52.080> these<00:17:52.400> algorithms<00:17:52.960> in<00:17:53.120> some 00:17:53.350 --> 00:17:53.360 align:start position:0% but but these algorithms in some 00:17:53.360 --> 00:17:54.310 align:start position:0% but but these algorithms in some interesting<00:17:53.840> way 00:17:54.310 --> 00:17:54.320 align:start position:0% interesting way 00:17:54.320 --> 00:17:56.310 align:start position:0% interesting way have<00:17:54.480> to<00:17:54.640> be<00:17:54.720> able<00:17:54.880> to<00:17:55.120> integrate<00:17:55.679> information 00:17:56.310 --> 00:17:56.320 align:start position:0% have to be able to integrate information 00:17:56.320 --> 00:17:59.190 align:start position:0% have to be able to integrate information about<00:17:57.039> about<00:17:57.440> what<00:17:57.600> is<00:17:57.760> known<00:17:58.000> about 00:17:59.190 --> 00:17:59.200 align:start position:0% about about what is known about 00:17:59.200 --> 00:18:02.470 align:start position:0% about about what is known about the<00:17:59.360> physics<00:17:59.760> of<00:17:59.840> the<00:18:00.000> ocean<00:18:01.919> and<00:18:02.080> it<00:18:02.160> turns 00:18:02.470 --> 00:18:02.480 align:start position:0% the physics of the ocean and it turns 00:18:02.480 --> 00:18:03.750 align:start position:0% the physics of the ocean and it turns out<00:18:02.720> that 00:18:03.750 --> 00:18:03.760 align:start position:0% out that 00:18:03.760 --> 00:18:06.070 align:start position:0% out that working<00:18:04.160> with<00:18:04.559> ocean<00:18:04.960> modelers<00:18:05.600> we're<00:18:05.840> able 00:18:06.070 --> 00:18:06.080 align:start position:0% working with ocean modelers we're able 00:18:06.080 --> 00:18:08.870 align:start position:0% working with ocean modelers we're able to<00:18:06.640> we're<00:18:06.880> able<00:18:07.200> to 00:18:08.870 --> 00:18:08.880 align:start position:0% to we're able to 00:18:08.880 --> 00:18:12.230 align:start position:0% to we're able to infuse<00:18:09.919> some<00:18:10.160> of<00:18:10.400> what<00:18:10.640> they<00:18:10.880> do<00:18:11.600> into 00:18:12.230 --> 00:18:12.240 align:start position:0% infuse some of what they do into 00:18:12.240 --> 00:18:14.070 align:start position:0% infuse some of what they do into better<00:18:12.559> estimation<00:18:13.120> techniques<00:18:13.600> for<00:18:13.840> where 00:18:14.070 --> 00:18:14.080 align:start position:0% better estimation techniques for where 00:18:14.080 --> 00:18:15.270 align:start position:0% better estimation techniques for where our<00:18:14.160> robots<00:18:14.640> are 00:18:15.270 --> 00:18:15.280 align:start position:0% our robots are 00:18:15.280 --> 00:18:17.350 align:start position:0% our robots are the<00:18:15.440> science<00:18:15.840> of<00:18:15.919> doing<00:18:16.240> this<00:18:16.640> involves<00:18:17.039> very 00:18:17.350 --> 00:18:17.360 align:start position:0% the science of doing this involves very 00:18:17.360 --> 00:18:19.110 align:start position:0% the science of doing this involves very large<00:18:17.600> scale<00:18:18.000> estimation<00:18:18.559> problems<00:18:18.960> that 00:18:19.110 --> 00:18:19.120 align:start position:0% large scale estimation problems that 00:18:19.120 --> 00:18:20.950 align:start position:0% large scale estimation problems that need<00:18:19.280> to<00:18:19.360> be<00:18:19.520> solved<00:18:19.840> very<00:18:20.160> quickly 00:18:20.950 --> 00:18:20.960 align:start position:0% need to be solved very quickly 00:18:20.960 --> 00:18:23.029 align:start position:0% need to be solved very quickly and<00:18:21.120> in<00:18:21.280> a<00:18:21.440> timely<00:18:21.919> way<00:18:22.240> so<00:18:22.400> that<00:18:22.559> the<00:18:22.640> robot 00:18:23.029 --> 00:18:23.039 align:start position:0% and in a timely way so that the robot 00:18:23.039 --> 00:18:23.990 align:start position:0% and in a timely way so that the robot can 00:18:23.990 --> 00:18:24.000 align:start position:0% can 00:18:24.000 --> 00:18:27.750 align:start position:0% can more<00:18:24.240> finely<00:18:24.720> gauge<00:18:25.120> where<00:18:25.360> it<00:18:25.520> is<00:18:26.720> and<00:18:26.960> so 00:18:27.750 --> 00:18:27.760 align:start position:0% more finely gauge where it is and so 00:18:27.760 --> 00:18:29.270 align:start position:0% more finely gauge where it is and so if<00:18:27.919> we<00:18:28.000> were<00:18:28.160> working<00:18:28.480> in<00:18:28.559> a<00:18:28.640> perfectly<00:18:29.039> still 00:18:29.270 --> 00:18:29.280 align:start position:0% if we were working in a perfectly still 00:18:29.280 --> 00:18:31.510 align:start position:0% if we were working in a perfectly still swimming<00:18:29.679> pool<00:18:30.160> we<00:18:30.400> wouldn't<00:18:30.640> deal<00:18:30.799> with<00:18:31.039> this 00:18:31.510 --> 00:18:31.520 align:start position:0% swimming pool we wouldn't deal with this 00:18:31.520 --> 00:18:33.270 align:start position:0% swimming pool we wouldn't deal with this right<00:18:31.840> the<00:18:32.080> the<00:18:32.240> water<00:18:32.559> would<00:18:32.720> be<00:18:32.960> for<00:18:33.120> all 00:18:33.270 --> 00:18:33.280 align:start position:0% right the the water would be for all 00:18:33.280 --> 00:18:34.950 align:start position:0% right the the water would be for all practical<00:18:33.679> purposes<00:18:34.240> still 00:18:34.950 --> 00:18:34.960 align:start position:0% practical purposes still 00:18:34.960 --> 00:18:37.350 align:start position:0% practical purposes still right<00:18:35.679> even<00:18:35.840> if<00:18:36.000> it<00:18:36.080> was<00:18:36.160> a<00:18:36.240> very<00:18:36.400> big<00:18:36.640> pool<00:18:37.039> it 00:18:37.350 --> 00:18:37.360 align:start position:0% right even if it was a very big pool it 00:18:37.360 --> 00:18:38.630 align:start position:0% right even if it was a very big pool it wouldn't<00:18:37.600> really<00:18:37.840> matter 00:18:38.630 --> 00:18:38.640 align:start position:0% wouldn't really matter 00:18:38.640 --> 00:18:40.789 align:start position:0% wouldn't really matter but<00:18:38.799> that<00:18:39.039> luxury<00:18:39.440> is<00:18:39.520> not<00:18:39.760> available<00:18:40.480> in<00:18:40.559> the 00:18:40.789 --> 00:18:40.799 align:start position:0% but that luxury is not available in the 00:18:40.799 --> 00:18:42.710 align:start position:0% but that luxury is not available in the in<00:18:40.880> the<00:18:41.120> ocean<00:18:41.440> right<00:18:41.919> so 00:18:42.710 --> 00:18:42.720 align:start position:0% in the ocean right so 00:18:42.720 --> 00:18:44.870 align:start position:0% in the ocean right so so<00:18:43.039> that<00:18:43.280> has<00:18:43.440> forced<00:18:43.760> us<00:18:43.919> over<00:18:44.160> the<00:18:44.240> past<00:18:44.640> sort 00:18:44.870 --> 00:18:44.880 align:start position:0% so that has forced us over the past sort 00:18:44.880 --> 00:18:46.310 align:start position:0% so that has forced us over the past sort of 00:18:46.310 --> 00:18:46.320 align:start position:0% of 00:18:46.320 --> 00:18:48.150 align:start position:0% of three<00:18:46.480> to<00:18:46.640> four<00:18:46.880> years<00:18:47.440> to<00:18:47.600> really<00:18:47.840> try<00:18:48.000> and 00:18:48.150 --> 00:18:48.160 align:start position:0% three to four years to really try and 00:18:48.160 --> 00:18:49.750 align:start position:0% three to four years to really try and understand<00:18:48.640> how<00:18:48.799> some<00:18:48.960> of<00:18:49.039> the<00:18:49.120> algorithms<00:18:49.600> we 00:18:49.750 --> 00:18:49.760 align:start position:0% understand how some of the algorithms we 00:18:49.760 --> 00:18:51.190 align:start position:0% understand how some of the algorithms we already<00:18:50.080> knew<00:18:50.320> about 00:18:51.190 --> 00:18:51.200 align:start position:0% already knew about 00:18:51.200 --> 00:18:53.830 align:start position:0% already knew about could<00:18:51.679> better<00:18:52.000> incorporate<00:18:53.120> models<00:18:53.679> that 00:18:53.830 --> 00:18:53.840 align:start position:0% could better incorporate models that 00:18:53.840 --> 00:18:55.190 align:start position:0% could better incorporate models that were<00:18:54.080> designed<00:18:54.559> by 00:18:55.190 --> 00:18:55.200 align:start position:0% were designed by 00:18:55.200 --> 00:18:57.110 align:start position:0% were designed by non-roboticists<00:18:56.080> to<00:18:56.240> do<00:18:56.400> something<00:18:56.640> entirely 00:18:57.110 --> 00:18:57.120 align:start position:0% non-roboticists to do something entirely 00:18:57.120 --> 00:18:58.470 align:start position:0% non-roboticists to do something entirely different<00:18:57.600> right 00:18:58.470 --> 00:18:58.480 align:start position:0% different right 00:18:58.480 --> 00:19:00.310 align:start position:0% different right and<00:18:58.799> how<00:18:59.039> to<00:18:59.200> interact<00:18:59.600> with<00:18:59.679> those<00:18:59.919> models 00:19:00.310 --> 00:19:00.320 align:start position:0% and how to interact with those models 00:19:00.320 --> 00:19:02.310 align:start position:0% and how to interact with those models and<00:19:00.400> how<00:19:00.559> to<00:19:00.640> use<00:19:00.799> them<00:19:00.960> in<00:19:01.440> a<00:19:01.520> meaningful<00:19:02.000> way 00:19:02.310 --> 00:19:02.320 align:start position:0% and how to use them in a meaningful way 00:19:02.320 --> 00:19:03.909 align:start position:0% and how to use them in a meaningful way and<00:19:02.480> in<00:19:02.640> a<00:19:02.799> sound<00:19:03.200> way 00:19:03.909 --> 00:19:03.919 align:start position:0% and in a sound way 00:19:03.919 --> 00:19:05.669 align:start position:0% and in a sound way so<00:19:04.080> that<00:19:04.320> our<00:19:04.480> planning<00:19:04.880> techniques<00:19:05.360> and<00:19:05.520> our 00:19:05.669 --> 00:19:05.679 align:start position:0% so that our planning techniques and our 00:19:05.679 --> 00:19:07.110 align:start position:0% so that our planning techniques and our estimation<00:19:06.080> techniques<00:19:06.559> would<00:19:06.720> work<00:19:07.039> and 00:19:07.110 --> 00:19:07.120 align:start position:0% estimation techniques would work and 00:19:07.120 --> 00:19:08.310 align:start position:0% estimation techniques would work and would<00:19:07.360> work<00:19:07.600> better 00:19:08.310 --> 00:19:08.320 align:start position:0% would work better 00:19:08.320 --> 00:19:10.630 align:start position:0% would work better has<00:19:08.559> been<00:19:08.720> one<00:19:09.280> major<00:19:09.679> focus<00:19:10.080> for<00:19:10.240> us<00:19:10.480> and<00:19:10.559> we 00:19:10.630 --> 00:19:10.640 align:start position:0% has been one major focus for us and we 00:19:10.640 --> 00:19:11.750 align:start position:0% has been one major focus for us and we continue<00:19:11.039> to 00:19:11.750 --> 00:19:11.760 align:start position:0% continue to 00:19:11.760 --> 00:19:14.870 align:start position:0% continue to work<00:19:11.919> on<00:19:12.080> that<00:19:12.240> quite<00:19:12.400> a<00:19:12.480> bit<00:19:13.440> um 00:19:14.870 --> 00:19:14.880 align:start position:0% work on that quite a bit um 00:19:14.880 --> 00:19:16.630 align:start position:0% work on that quite a bit um but<00:19:15.039> these<00:19:15.280> robots<00:19:15.679> are<00:19:15.760> not<00:19:15.840> just<00:19:16.080> out<00:19:16.240> there 00:19:16.630 --> 00:19:16.640 align:start position:0% but these robots are not just out there 00:19:16.640 --> 00:19:18.070 align:start position:0% but these robots are not just out there wandering<00:19:17.039> around<00:19:17.360> aimlessly 00:19:18.070 --> 00:19:18.080 align:start position:0% wandering around aimlessly 00:19:18.080 --> 00:19:19.909 align:start position:0% wandering around aimlessly and<00:19:18.559> you<00:19:18.720> know<00:19:18.799> precision<00:19:19.280> is<00:19:19.440> great<00:19:19.760> and 00:19:19.909 --> 00:19:19.919 align:start position:0% and you know precision is great and 00:19:19.919 --> 00:19:21.270 align:start position:0% and you know precision is great and knowing<00:19:20.240> where<00:19:20.400> you<00:19:20.559> are<00:19:20.720> is<00:19:20.880> great 00:19:21.270 --> 00:19:21.280 align:start position:0% knowing where you are is great 00:19:21.280 --> 00:19:23.350 align:start position:0% knowing where you are is great but<00:19:21.679> but<00:19:22.000> but<00:19:22.160> the<00:19:22.400> point<00:19:22.640> is<00:19:22.720> to<00:19:22.880> do<00:19:23.039> something 00:19:23.350 --> 00:19:23.360 align:start position:0% but but but the point is to do something 00:19:23.360 --> 00:19:24.710 align:start position:0% but but but the point is to do something with<00:19:23.520> the<00:19:23.600> robot<00:19:24.000> and<00:19:24.080> our<00:19:24.160> robots<00:19:24.559> are 00:19:24.710 --> 00:19:24.720 align:start position:0% with the robot and our robots are 00:19:24.720 --> 00:19:25.830 align:start position:0% with the robot and our robots are actually<00:19:25.039> doing<00:19:25.280> something<00:19:25.520> very 00:19:25.830 --> 00:19:25.840 align:start position:0% actually doing something very 00:19:25.840 --> 00:19:26.390 align:start position:0% actually doing something very interesting 00:19:26.390 --> 00:19:26.400 align:start position:0% interesting 00:19:26.400 --> 00:19:28.870 align:start position:0% interesting right<00:19:26.640> now<00:19:27.520> these<00:19:27.760> are<00:19:27.840> robots<00:19:28.240> that<00:19:28.480> are 00:19:28.870 --> 00:19:28.880 align:start position:0% right now these are robots that are 00:19:28.880 --> 00:19:29.750 align:start position:0% right now these are robots that are designed 00:19:29.750 --> 00:19:29.760 align:start position:0% designed 00:19:29.760 --> 00:19:34.070 align:start position:0% designed in<00:19:29.840> the<00:19:30.000> ocean<00:19:30.559> to<00:19:32.080> to<00:19:32.240> find<00:19:32.720> and<00:19:32.880> track 00:19:34.070 --> 00:19:34.080 align:start position:0% in the ocean to to find and track 00:19:34.080 --> 00:19:38.230 align:start position:0% in the ocean to to find and track plumes<00:19:34.960> of<00:19:35.440> uh<00:19:36.240> uh<00:19:36.960> of<00:19:37.360> uh 00:19:38.230 --> 00:19:38.240 align:start position:0% plumes of uh uh of uh 00:19:38.240 --> 00:19:40.070 align:start position:0% plumes of uh uh of uh algal<00:19:38.720> species<00:19:39.200> that<00:19:39.360> are<00:19:39.520> blooming<00:19:39.919> in<00:19:40.000> the 00:19:40.070 --> 00:19:40.080 align:start position:0% algal species that are blooming in the 00:19:40.080 --> 00:19:41.669 align:start position:0% algal species that are blooming in the water<00:19:40.400> so<00:19:40.559> if<00:19:40.640> you<00:19:40.720> have<00:19:41.039> if<00:19:41.200> you<00:19:41.280> have<00:19:41.440> an<00:19:41.600> all 00:19:41.669 --> 00:19:41.679 align:start position:0% water so if you have if you have an all 00:19:41.679 --> 00:19:42.789 align:start position:0% water so if you have if you have an all the<00:19:41.919> bloom 00:19:42.789 --> 00:19:42.799 align:start position:0% the bloom 00:19:42.799 --> 00:19:44.789 align:start position:0% the bloom uh<00:19:43.360> in<00:19:43.440> the<00:19:43.600> water<00:19:43.919> we<00:19:44.080> want<00:19:44.320> to<00:19:44.400> be<00:19:44.480> able<00:19:44.640> to 00:19:44.789 --> 00:19:44.799 align:start position:0% uh in the water we want to be able to 00:19:44.799 --> 00:19:45.909 align:start position:0% uh in the water we want to be able to find<00:19:45.039> it<00:19:45.200> and<00:19:45.360> track<00:19:45.679> it 00:19:45.909 --> 00:19:45.919 align:start position:0% find it and track it 00:19:45.919 --> 00:19:47.669 align:start position:0% find it and track it right<00:19:46.160> so<00:19:46.320> these<00:19:46.559> these<00:19:46.799> robots<00:19:47.120> are<00:19:47.280> actually 00:19:47.669 --> 00:19:47.679 align:start position:0% right so these these robots are actually 00:19:47.679 --> 00:19:49.510 align:start position:0% right so these these robots are actually chasing<00:19:48.160> microorganisms<00:19:49.039> around<00:19:49.360> in<00:19:49.440> the 00:19:49.510 --> 00:19:49.520 align:start position:0% chasing microorganisms around in the 00:19:49.520 --> 00:19:50.390 align:start position:0% chasing microorganisms around in the water<00:19:49.840> if<00:19:50.000> you<00:19:50.080> will 00:19:50.390 --> 00:19:50.400 align:start position:0% water if you will 00:19:50.400 --> 00:19:52.310 align:start position:0% water if you will right<00:19:50.799> the<00:19:50.960> robots<00:19:51.360> themselves<00:19:51.679> are<00:19:51.760> very<00:19:52.000> big 00:19:52.310 --> 00:19:52.320 align:start position:0% right the robots themselves are very big 00:19:52.320 --> 00:19:54.710 align:start position:0% right the robots themselves are very big but<00:19:52.559> these<00:19:52.960> aggregates<00:19:53.600> of<00:19:53.840> microorganisms 00:19:54.710 --> 00:19:54.720 align:start position:0% but these aggregates of microorganisms 00:19:54.720 --> 00:19:56.390 align:start position:0% but these aggregates of microorganisms form<00:19:54.960> this<00:19:55.120> huge<00:19:55.360> bloom<00:19:55.840> and<00:19:55.919> we<00:19:56.080> want<00:19:56.240> to<00:19:56.240> be 00:19:56.390 --> 00:19:56.400 align:start position:0% form this huge bloom and we want to be 00:19:56.400 --> 00:19:57.270 align:start position:0% form this huge bloom and we want to be able<00:19:56.559> to<00:19:56.799> track<00:19:57.039> it 00:19:57.270 --> 00:19:57.280 align:start position:0% able to track it 00:19:57.280 --> 00:20:00.870 align:start position:0% able to track it right<00:19:58.160> now 00:20:00.870 --> 00:20:00.880 align:start position:0% 00:20:00.880 --> 00:20:02.390 align:start position:0% the<00:20:01.200> interesting<00:20:01.679> thing<00:20:01.840> about<00:20:02.080> this<00:20:02.320> of 00:20:02.390 --> 00:20:02.400 align:start position:0% the interesting thing about this of 00:20:02.400 --> 00:20:05.029 align:start position:0% the interesting thing about this of course<00:20:02.720> is<00:20:02.880> that<00:20:03.600> there's<00:20:03.919> a<00:20:04.000> set<00:20:04.159> of<00:20:04.320> models 00:20:05.029 --> 00:20:05.039 align:start position:0% course is that there's a set of models 00:20:05.039 --> 00:20:09.110 align:start position:0% course is that there's a set of models that<00:20:05.280> predict<00:20:07.840> to<00:20:08.000> some<00:20:08.159> degree<00:20:08.480> of<00:20:08.640> accuracy 00:20:09.110 --> 00:20:09.120 align:start position:0% that predict to some degree of accuracy 00:20:09.120 --> 00:20:10.870 align:start position:0% that predict to some degree of accuracy the<00:20:09.280> physics<00:20:09.600> of<00:20:09.679> the<00:20:09.840> ocean 00:20:10.870 --> 00:20:10.880 align:start position:0% the physics of the ocean 00:20:10.880 --> 00:20:12.870 align:start position:0% the physics of the ocean which<00:20:11.520> which<00:20:11.679> is<00:20:11.760> what<00:20:11.919> i<00:20:12.080> talked<00:20:12.320> about<00:20:12.720> and 00:20:12.870 --> 00:20:12.880 align:start position:0% which which is what i talked about and 00:20:12.880 --> 00:20:14.310 align:start position:0% which which is what i talked about and these<00:20:13.200> need<00:20:13.360> to<00:20:13.440> be<00:20:13.600> integrated 00:20:14.310 --> 00:20:14.320 align:start position:0% these need to be integrated 00:20:14.320 --> 00:20:17.430 align:start position:0% these need to be integrated into<00:20:14.640> our<00:20:15.120> robot<00:20:15.600> estimation<00:20:16.159> techniques 00:20:17.430 --> 00:20:17.440 align:start position:0% into our robot estimation techniques 00:20:17.440 --> 00:20:19.669 align:start position:0% into our robot estimation techniques currents<00:20:18.080> currents<00:20:18.559> and<00:20:18.640> things<00:20:18.880> like<00:20:19.120> that 00:20:19.669 --> 00:20:19.679 align:start position:0% currents currents and things like that 00:20:19.679 --> 00:20:21.110 align:start position:0% currents currents and things like that then<00:20:19.919> there's<00:20:20.080> another<00:20:20.320> set<00:20:20.480> of<00:20:20.559> models<00:20:20.960> that 00:20:21.110 --> 00:20:21.120 align:start position:0% then there's another set of models that 00:20:21.120 --> 00:20:22.789 align:start position:0% then there's another set of models that says<00:20:21.280> something<00:20:21.520> the<00:20:21.679> ecology<00:20:22.320> of<00:20:22.400> the<00:20:22.480> bloom 00:20:22.789 --> 00:20:22.799 align:start position:0% says something the ecology of the bloom 00:20:22.799 --> 00:20:24.149 align:start position:0% says something the ecology of the bloom itself 00:20:24.149 --> 00:20:24.159 align:start position:0% itself 00:20:24.159 --> 00:20:26.390 align:start position:0% itself how<00:20:24.400> are<00:20:24.480> the<00:20:24.640> population<00:20:25.200> dynamics<00:20:25.840> of<00:20:25.919> this 00:20:26.390 --> 00:20:26.400 align:start position:0% how are the population dynamics of this 00:20:26.400 --> 00:20:28.470 align:start position:0% how are the population dynamics of this microbial<00:20:26.960> species<00:20:27.600> changing 00:20:28.470 --> 00:20:28.480 align:start position:0% microbial species changing 00:20:28.480 --> 00:20:31.110 align:start position:0% microbial species changing and<00:20:28.720> so<00:20:29.520> how<00:20:29.760> fast<00:20:30.080> is<00:20:30.159> this<00:20:30.320> bloom<00:20:30.640> growing 00:20:31.110 --> 00:20:31.120 align:start position:0% and so how fast is this bloom growing 00:20:31.120 --> 00:20:32.070 align:start position:0% and so how fast is this bloom growing for<00:20:31.360> example 00:20:32.070 --> 00:20:32.080 align:start position:0% for example 00:20:32.080 --> 00:20:33.830 align:start position:0% for example what<00:20:32.320> is<00:20:32.480> its<00:20:32.640> spatial<00:20:32.960> extent<00:20:33.440> and<00:20:33.520> those<00:20:33.679> are 00:20:33.830 --> 00:20:33.840 align:start position:0% what is its spatial extent and those are 00:20:33.840 --> 00:20:35.270 align:start position:0% what is its spatial extent and those are ecological<00:20:34.480> models<00:20:34.880> right 00:20:35.270 --> 00:20:35.280 align:start position:0% ecological models right 00:20:35.280 --> 00:20:36.549 align:start position:0% ecological models right so<00:20:35.440> even<00:20:35.679> if<00:20:35.760> the<00:20:35.760> water<00:20:35.919> works<00:20:36.159> perfectly 00:20:36.549 --> 00:20:36.559 align:start position:0% so even if the water works perfectly 00:20:36.559 --> 00:20:38.549 align:start position:0% so even if the water works perfectly still<00:20:36.799> these<00:20:36.960> things<00:20:37.200> are<00:20:37.280> multiplying 00:20:38.549 --> 00:20:38.559 align:start position:0% still these things are multiplying 00:20:38.559 --> 00:20:41.669 align:start position:0% still these things are multiplying the<00:20:38.640> blooms<00:20:39.039> becoming<00:20:39.360> bigger<00:20:39.760> or<00:20:39.919> smaller 00:20:41.669 --> 00:20:41.679 align:start position:0% the blooms becoming bigger or smaller 00:20:41.679 --> 00:20:43.110 align:start position:0% the blooms becoming bigger or smaller and<00:20:41.760> then<00:20:41.919> there's<00:20:42.159> a<00:20:42.240> third<00:20:42.480> set<00:20:42.640> of<00:20:42.720> models 00:20:43.110 --> 00:20:43.120 align:start position:0% and then there's a third set of models 00:20:43.120 --> 00:20:44.549 align:start position:0% and then there's a third set of models which<00:20:43.280> says<00:20:43.440> something<00:20:43.679> about<00:20:43.919> the<00:20:44.080> toxins 00:20:44.549 --> 00:20:44.559 align:start position:0% which says something about the toxins 00:20:44.559 --> 00:20:45.830 align:start position:0% which says something about the toxins that<00:20:44.720> these<00:20:44.960> things<00:20:45.200> produce<00:20:45.600> and<00:20:45.679> these 00:20:45.830 --> 00:20:45.840 align:start position:0% that these things produce and these 00:20:45.840 --> 00:20:47.510 align:start position:0% that these things produce and these toxins<00:20:46.320> diffuse<00:20:46.720> in<00:20:46.799> the<00:20:46.880> water<00:20:47.200> and<00:20:47.280> those 00:20:47.510 --> 00:20:47.520 align:start position:0% toxins diffuse in the water and those 00:20:47.520 --> 00:20:49.350 align:start position:0% toxins diffuse in the water and those are<00:20:47.919> chemical<00:20:48.320> models<00:20:48.640> about<00:20:48.960> chemicals 00:20:49.350 --> 00:20:49.360 align:start position:0% are chemical models about chemicals 00:20:49.360 --> 00:20:50.390 align:start position:0% are chemical models about chemicals diffuse<00:20:49.760> in<00:20:49.840> the<00:20:49.919> water 00:20:50.390 --> 00:20:50.400 align:start position:0% diffuse in the water 00:20:50.400 --> 00:20:53.270 align:start position:0% diffuse in the water right<00:20:51.039> and<00:20:51.280> so<00:20:51.600> in<00:20:51.760> fact<00:20:52.159> it's<00:20:52.559> an<00:20:52.720> enormously 00:20:53.270 --> 00:20:53.280 align:start position:0% right and so in fact it's an enormously 00:20:53.280 --> 00:20:55.430 align:start position:0% right and so in fact it's an enormously complex<00:20:53.760> undertaking<00:20:54.320> to<00:20:54.480> design 00:20:55.430 --> 00:20:55.440 align:start position:0% complex undertaking to design 00:20:55.440 --> 00:20:57.430 align:start position:0% complex undertaking to design estimation<00:20:56.159> techniques<00:20:56.720> that<00:20:56.960> not<00:20:57.120> only 00:20:57.430 --> 00:20:57.440 align:start position:0% estimation techniques that not only 00:20:57.440 --> 00:20:58.950 align:start position:0% estimation techniques that not only gauge<00:20:57.760> for<00:20:57.919> the<00:20:58.080> robot 00:20:58.950 --> 00:20:58.960 align:start position:0% gauge for the robot 00:20:58.960 --> 00:21:01.669 align:start position:0% gauge for the robot its<00:20:59.200> own<00:20:59.360> position<00:21:00.159> and<00:21:00.400> do<00:21:00.559> so<00:21:00.799> in<00:21:00.960> a<00:21:01.120> in<00:21:00.880> a 00:21:01.669 --> 00:21:01.679 align:start position:0% its own position and do so in a in a 00:21:01.679 --> 00:21:03.590 align:start position:0% its own position and do so in a in a meaningful<00:21:02.159> way<00:21:02.400> and<00:21:02.559> in<00:21:02.640> an<00:21:02.799> accurate<00:21:03.200> way 00:21:03.590 --> 00:21:03.600 align:start position:0% meaningful way and in an accurate way 00:21:03.600 --> 00:21:05.110 align:start position:0% meaningful way and in an accurate way but<00:21:03.840> also<00:21:04.080> to<00:21:04.240> gauge<00:21:04.480> something<00:21:04.799> about<00:21:04.960> the 00:21:05.110 --> 00:21:05.120 align:start position:0% but also to gauge something about the 00:21:05.120 --> 00:21:06.710 align:start position:0% but also to gauge something about the state<00:21:05.360> of<00:21:05.440> the<00:21:05.600> world<00:21:06.000> that<00:21:06.159> it's<00:21:06.320> trying<00:21:06.559> to 00:21:06.710 --> 00:21:06.720 align:start position:0% state of the world that it's trying to 00:21:06.720 --> 00:21:08.149 align:start position:0% state of the world that it's trying to observe<00:21:07.120> and<00:21:07.280> in<00:21:07.440> our<00:21:07.600> case<00:21:07.760> it's<00:21:07.919> trying<00:21:08.080> to 00:21:08.149 --> 00:21:08.159 align:start position:0% observe and in our case it's trying to 00:21:08.159 --> 00:21:09.830 align:start position:0% observe and in our case it's trying to observe<00:21:08.480> this<00:21:08.640> very<00:21:08.880> particular 00:21:09.830 --> 00:21:09.840 align:start position:0% observe this very particular 00:21:09.840 --> 00:21:11.830 align:start position:0% observe this very particular biological<00:21:10.559> process<00:21:11.039> that's<00:21:11.280> embedded<00:21:11.760> in 00:21:11.830 --> 00:21:11.840 align:start position:0% biological process that's embedded in 00:21:11.840 --> 00:21:13.029 align:start position:0% biological process that's embedded in this<00:21:12.000> very<00:21:12.159> complicated 00:21:13.029 --> 00:21:13.039 align:start position:0% this very complicated 00:21:13.039 --> 00:21:15.830 align:start position:0% this very complicated environment<00:21:13.679> right<00:21:14.080> it's<00:21:14.240> trying<00:21:14.400> to<00:21:14.840> follow 00:21:15.830 --> 00:21:15.840 align:start position:0% environment right it's trying to follow 00:21:15.840 --> 00:21:17.909 align:start position:0% environment right it's trying to follow and<00:21:16.080> sample<00:21:16.480> from<00:21:16.720> in<00:21:16.799> an<00:21:16.960> efficient<00:21:17.360> way 00:21:17.909 --> 00:21:17.919 align:start position:0% and sample from in an efficient way 00:21:17.919 --> 00:21:19.830 align:start position:0% and sample from in an efficient way and<00:21:18.080> so<00:21:18.400> these<00:21:18.640> are<00:21:18.880> this<00:21:19.039> is<00:21:19.120> what<00:21:19.280> i<00:21:19.360> meant<00:21:19.600> by 00:21:19.830 --> 00:21:19.840 align:start position:0% and so these are this is what i meant by 00:21:19.840 --> 00:21:21.430 align:start position:0% and so these are this is what i meant by large<00:21:20.159> spatial<00:21:20.640> scales<00:21:20.960> and<00:21:21.120> large 00:21:21.430 --> 00:21:21.440 align:start position:0% large spatial scales and large 00:21:21.440 --> 00:21:22.789 align:start position:0% large spatial scales and large complexity 00:21:22.789 --> 00:21:22.799 align:start position:0% complexity 00:21:22.799 --> 00:21:25.669 align:start position:0% complexity uh<00:21:23.200> problems<00:21:23.919> in<00:21:24.320> when<00:21:24.720> you<00:21:24.880> try<00:21:25.039> and<00:21:25.120> do<00:21:25.280> them 00:21:25.669 --> 00:21:25.679 align:start position:0% uh problems in when you try and do them 00:21:25.679 --> 00:21:27.110 align:start position:0% uh problems in when you try and do them for<00:21:25.919> real<00:21:26.240> as<00:21:26.400> it<00:21:26.480> were 00:21:27.110 --> 00:21:27.120 align:start position:0% for real as it were 00:21:27.120 --> 00:21:28.310 align:start position:0% for real as it were and<00:21:27.200> of<00:21:27.280> course<00:21:27.520> we<00:21:27.600> don't<00:21:27.760> want<00:21:27.840> to<00:21:27.919> do<00:21:28.080> this 00:21:28.310 --> 00:21:28.320 align:start position:0% and of course we don't want to do this 00:21:28.320 --> 00:21:30.310 align:start position:0% and of course we don't want to do this for<00:21:28.480> a<00:21:28.559> one-hour<00:21:29.039> test<00:21:29.360> and<00:21:29.520> claim<00:21:29.760> success<00:21:30.240> we 00:21:30.310 --> 00:21:30.320 align:start position:0% for a one-hour test and claim success we 00:21:30.320 --> 00:21:31.270 align:start position:0% for a one-hour test and claim success we want<00:21:30.480> to<00:21:30.559> be<00:21:30.640> able<00:21:30.720> to<00:21:30.799> do<00:21:30.960> this 00:21:31.270 --> 00:21:31.280 align:start position:0% want to be able to do this 00:21:31.280 --> 00:21:33.430 align:start position:0% want to be able to do this over<00:21:31.520> the<00:21:31.679> lifetime<00:21:32.159> of<00:21:32.320> such<00:21:32.559> events<00:21:33.280> and 00:21:33.430 --> 00:21:33.440 align:start position:0% over the lifetime of such events and 00:21:33.440 --> 00:21:35.110 align:start position:0% over the lifetime of such events and these<00:21:33.600> events<00:21:33.919> are<00:21:34.000> typically<00:21:34.400> a<00:21:34.559> week<00:21:34.799> or<00:21:34.960> two 00:21:35.110 --> 00:21:35.120 align:start position:0% these events are typically a week or two 00:21:35.120 --> 00:21:36.549 align:start position:0% these events are typically a week or two weeks<00:21:35.360> or<00:21:35.520> three<00:21:35.679> weeks<00:21:35.919> at<00:21:36.000> a<00:21:36.159> time<00:21:36.400> in<00:21:36.480> the 00:21:36.549 --> 00:21:36.559 align:start position:0% weeks or three weeks at a time in the 00:21:36.559 --> 00:21:37.270 align:start position:0% weeks or three weeks at a time in the water 00:21:37.270 --> 00:21:37.280 align:start position:0% water 00:21:37.280 --> 00:21:38.310 align:start position:0% water and<00:21:37.360> so<00:21:37.520> we<00:21:37.679> want<00:21:37.840> to<00:21:37.919> be<00:21:38.080> able<00:21:38.240> to 00:21:38.310 --> 00:21:38.320 align:start position:0% and so we want to be able to 00:21:38.320 --> 00:21:40.470 align:start position:0% and so we want to be able to persistently<00:21:38.960> be<00:21:39.120> able<00:21:39.360> to<00:21:39.440> do<00:21:39.679> this<00:21:39.919> right 00:21:40.470 --> 00:21:40.480 align:start position:0% persistently be able to do this right 00:21:40.480 --> 00:21:45.830 align:start position:0% persistently be able to do this right and<00:21:40.640> so<00:21:42.840> so<00:21:43.919> so<00:21:44.240> that's<00:21:44.559> one<00:21:44.880> major<00:21:45.280> challenge 00:21:45.830 --> 00:21:45.840 align:start position:0% and so so so that's one major challenge 00:21:45.840 --> 00:21:46.230 align:start position:0% and so so so that's one major challenge and 00:21:46.230 --> 00:21:46.240 align:start position:0% and 00:21:46.240 --> 00:21:48.870 align:start position:0% and where<00:21:47.280> our<00:21:47.520> laboratory<00:21:48.240> and<00:21:48.320> several<00:21:48.640> other 00:21:48.870 --> 00:21:48.880 align:start position:0% where our laboratory and several other 00:21:48.880 --> 00:21:49.990 align:start position:0% where our laboratory and several other laboratories<00:21:49.520> that<00:21:49.679> are 00:21:49.990 --> 00:21:50.000 align:start position:0% laboratories that are 00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:52.549 align:start position:0% laboratories that are that<00:21:50.240> are<00:21:50.320> working<00:21:50.640> on<00:21:50.799> these<00:21:51.200> these<00:21:51.440> issues 00:21:52.549 --> 00:21:52.559 align:start position:0% that are working on these these issues 00:21:52.559 --> 00:21:53.270 align:start position:0% that are working on these these issues in 00:21:53.270 --> 00:21:53.280 align:start position:0% in 00:21:53.280 --> 00:21:55.029 align:start position:0% in monitoring<00:21:53.760> the<00:21:53.919> natural<00:21:54.320> environment<00:21:54.960> have 00:21:55.029 --> 00:21:55.039 align:start position:0% monitoring the natural environment have 00:21:55.039 --> 00:21:56.630 align:start position:0% monitoring the natural environment have really<00:21:55.280> been<00:21:55.600> really<00:21:55.840> been<00:21:56.080> addressing<00:21:56.480> some 00:21:56.630 --> 00:21:56.640 align:start position:0% really been really been addressing some 00:21:56.640 --> 00:21:58.310 align:start position:0% really been really been addressing some of<00:21:56.720> these<00:21:56.880> problems<00:21:57.280> and<00:21:57.440> various<00:21:57.840> facets<00:21:58.240> to 00:21:58.310 --> 00:21:58.320 align:start position:0% of these problems and various facets to 00:21:58.320 --> 00:21:59.350 align:start position:0% of these problems and various facets to these<00:21:58.559> problems 00:21:59.350 --> 00:21:59.360 align:start position:0% these problems 00:21:59.360 --> 00:22:01.590 align:start position:0% these problems but<00:21:59.679> but<00:22:00.320> but<00:22:00.480> that<00:22:00.799> i<00:22:00.880> think<00:22:01.039> for<00:22:01.280> us<00:22:01.360> will 00:22:01.590 --> 00:22:01.600 align:start position:0% but but but that i think for us will 00:22:01.600 --> 00:22:02.470 align:start position:0% but but but that i think for us will represent 00:22:02.470 --> 00:22:02.480 align:start position:0% represent 00:22:02.480 --> 00:22:04.390 align:start position:0% represent in<00:22:02.640> the<00:22:02.720> next<00:22:02.960> decade<00:22:03.360> or<00:22:03.520> two<00:22:03.840> will<00:22:04.000> represent 00:22:04.390 --> 00:22:04.400 align:start position:0% in the next decade or two will represent 00:22:04.400 --> 00:22:05.990 align:start position:0% in the next decade or two will represent a<00:22:04.559> tremendous<00:22:04.960> advance<00:22:05.360> once<00:22:05.600> we've<00:22:05.840> been 00:22:05.990 --> 00:22:06.000 align:start position:0% a tremendous advance once we've been 00:22:06.000 --> 00:22:07.029 align:start position:0% a tremendous advance once we've been able<00:22:06.159> to<00:22:06.240> sort<00:22:06.400> of<00:22:06.480> design<00:22:06.799> such 00:22:07.029 --> 00:22:07.039 align:start position:0% able to sort of design such 00:22:07.039 --> 00:22:08.070 align:start position:0% able to sort of design such infrastructure 00:22:08.070 --> 00:22:08.080 align:start position:0% infrastructure 00:22:08.080 --> 00:22:09.669 align:start position:0% infrastructure and<00:22:08.240> our<00:22:08.400> vision<00:22:08.640> is<00:22:08.799> very<00:22:08.960> simple<00:22:09.360> and<00:22:09.520> our 00:22:09.669 --> 00:22:09.679 align:start position:0% and our vision is very simple and our 00:22:09.679 --> 00:22:11.590 align:start position:0% and our vision is very simple and our vision<00:22:10.000> is<00:22:10.080> this 00:22:11.590 --> 00:22:11.600 align:start position:0% vision is this 00:22:11.600 --> 00:22:14.230 align:start position:0% vision is this if<00:22:11.760> you<00:22:11.840> go<00:22:11.919> into<00:22:12.080> a<00:22:12.159> biology<00:22:12.640> lab<00:22:12.880> today<00:22:14.080> there 00:22:14.230 --> 00:22:14.240 align:start position:0% if you go into a biology lab today there 00:22:14.240 --> 00:22:16.230 align:start position:0% if you go into a biology lab today there are<00:22:14.320> people<00:22:14.480> there<00:22:14.720> using<00:22:14.960> microscopes 00:22:16.230 --> 00:22:16.240 align:start position:0% are people there using microscopes 00:22:16.240 --> 00:22:17.750 align:start position:0% are people there using microscopes right<00:22:16.640> but<00:22:16.799> they<00:22:16.960> don't<00:22:17.120> have<00:22:17.280> to<00:22:17.360> know<00:22:17.520> about 00:22:17.750 --> 00:22:17.760 align:start position:0% right but they don't have to know about 00:22:17.760 --> 00:22:19.750 align:start position:0% right but they don't have to know about optics<00:22:18.799> right<00:22:19.039> they<00:22:19.200> don't<00:22:19.440> they<00:22:19.600> don't<00:22:19.679> have 00:22:19.750 --> 00:22:19.760 align:start position:0% optics right they don't they don't have 00:22:19.760 --> 00:22:21.430 align:start position:0% optics right they don't they don't have to<00:22:19.840> know<00:22:20.000> about<00:22:20.240> the<00:22:20.480> necessarily<00:22:21.120> a<00:22:21.200> lot 00:22:21.430 --> 00:22:21.440 align:start position:0% to know about the necessarily a lot 00:22:21.440 --> 00:22:23.029 align:start position:0% to know about the necessarily a lot about<00:22:21.679> how<00:22:21.919> these<00:22:22.159> things<00:22:22.480> work 00:22:23.029 --> 00:22:23.039 align:start position:0% about how these things work 00:22:23.039 --> 00:22:25.029 align:start position:0% about how these things work they<00:22:23.200> just<00:22:23.360> work<00:22:23.679> and<00:22:23.760> they<00:22:23.840> use<00:22:24.080> them<00:22:24.799> i'd 00:22:25.029 --> 00:22:25.039 align:start position:0% they just work and they use them i'd 00:22:25.039 --> 00:22:26.149 align:start position:0% they just work and they use them i'd like<00:22:25.200> my<00:22:25.360> colleagues<00:22:25.840> in<00:22:25.919> marine 00:22:26.149 --> 00:22:26.159 align:start position:0% like my colleagues in marine 00:22:26.159 --> 00:22:27.430 align:start position:0% like my colleagues in marine microbiology 00:22:27.430 --> 00:22:27.440 align:start position:0% microbiology 00:22:27.440 --> 00:22:29.350 align:start position:0% microbiology to<00:22:27.600> be<00:22:27.679> able<00:22:27.840> to<00:22:27.919> use<00:22:28.159> robots<00:22:28.559> the<00:22:28.720> same<00:22:28.880> way 00:22:29.350 --> 00:22:29.360 align:start position:0% to be able to use robots the same way 00:22:29.360 --> 00:22:31.350 align:start position:0% to be able to use robots the same way i'd<00:22:29.520> like<00:22:29.760> them<00:22:29.919> to<00:22:30.240> take 00:22:31.350 --> 00:22:31.360 align:start position:0% i'd like them to take 00:22:31.360 --> 00:22:34.070 align:start position:0% i'd like them to take a<00:22:31.440> bunch<00:22:31.679> of<00:22:31.840> ocean<00:22:32.080> going<00:22:32.320> robots<00:22:33.039> right<00:22:33.919> and 00:22:34.070 --> 00:22:34.080 align:start position:0% a bunch of ocean going robots right and 00:22:34.080 --> 00:22:35.750 align:start position:0% a bunch of ocean going robots right and they<00:22:34.240> don't<00:22:34.400> need<00:22:34.559> to<00:22:34.720> know<00:22:34.880> necessarily<00:22:35.600> the 00:22:35.750 --> 00:22:35.760 align:start position:0% they don't need to know necessarily the 00:22:35.760 --> 00:22:37.350 align:start position:0% they don't need to know necessarily the underlying<00:22:36.320> planning<00:22:36.720> algorithms<00:22:37.200> the 00:22:37.350 --> 00:22:37.360 align:start position:0% underlying planning algorithms the 00:22:37.360 --> 00:22:39.110 align:start position:0% underlying planning algorithms the underlying<00:22:37.760> estimation<00:22:38.320> algorithms 00:22:39.110 --> 00:22:39.120 align:start position:0% underlying estimation algorithms 00:22:39.120 --> 00:22:40.870 align:start position:0% underlying estimation algorithms they<00:22:39.280> need<00:22:39.440> to<00:22:39.600> be<00:22:39.679> able<00:22:39.919> to<00:22:40.080> designate<00:22:40.640> high 00:22:40.870 --> 00:22:40.880 align:start position:0% they need to be able to designate high 00:22:40.880 --> 00:22:42.870 align:start position:0% they need to be able to designate high level<00:22:41.200> goals<00:22:41.760> for<00:22:41.919> a<00:22:42.000> group<00:22:42.240> of<00:22:42.320> these<00:22:42.480> robots 00:22:42.870 --> 00:22:42.880 align:start position:0% level goals for a group of these robots 00:22:42.880 --> 00:22:44.630 align:start position:0% level goals for a group of these robots by<00:22:43.039> pointing<00:22:43.360> and<00:22:43.520> clicking<00:22:43.919> as<00:22:44.080> it<00:22:44.159> were 00:22:44.630 --> 00:22:44.640 align:start position:0% by pointing and clicking as it were 00:22:44.640 --> 00:22:46.630 align:start position:0% by pointing and clicking as it were and<00:22:44.720> then<00:22:44.960> let<00:22:45.200> the<00:22:45.360> system<00:22:46.000> achieve<00:22:46.320> those 00:22:46.630 --> 00:22:46.640 align:start position:0% and then let the system achieve those 00:22:46.640 --> 00:22:49.909 align:start position:0% and then let the system achieve those goals<00:22:47.280> by<00:22:47.440> reorganizing<00:22:48.320> as<00:22:48.480> needed 00:22:49.909 --> 00:22:49.919 align:start position:0% goals by reorganizing as needed 00:22:49.919 --> 00:22:52.549 align:start position:0% goals by reorganizing as needed and<00:22:50.080> so<00:22:50.400> as<00:22:50.640> the<00:22:50.799> environment<00:22:51.760> changes<00:22:52.400> as 00:22:52.549 --> 00:22:52.559 align:start position:0% and so as the environment changes as 00:22:52.559 --> 00:22:54.549 align:start position:0% and so as the environment changes as this<00:22:52.799> bloom<00:22:53.200> moves<00:22:53.520> the<00:22:53.679> robots<00:22:54.080> have<00:22:54.159> to<00:22:54.320> move 00:22:54.549 --> 00:22:54.559 align:start position:0% this bloom moves the robots have to move 00:22:54.559 --> 00:22:56.470 align:start position:0% this bloom moves the robots have to move with<00:22:54.720> it<00:22:54.880> as<00:22:55.120> it<00:22:55.200> splits<00:22:55.520> into<00:22:55.760> two<00:22:56.000> the<00:22:56.080> robot 00:22:56.470 --> 00:22:56.480 align:start position:0% with it as it splits into two the robot 00:22:56.480 --> 00:22:58.470 align:start position:0% with it as it splits into two the robot group<00:22:56.720> up<00:22:56.880> to<00:22:57.039> split<00:22:57.280> into<00:22:57.520> two<00:22:57.840> right 00:22:58.470 --> 00:22:58.480 align:start position:0% group up to split into two right 00:22:58.480 --> 00:22:59.750 align:start position:0% group up to split into two right as<00:22:58.640> parts<00:22:58.960> of<00:22:59.120> the<00:22:59.280> problem<00:22:59.520> become 00:22:59.750 --> 00:22:59.760 align:start position:0% as parts of the problem become 00:22:59.760 --> 00:23:01.510 align:start position:0% as parts of the problem become insignificant<00:23:00.400> the<00:23:00.480> robots<00:23:00.880> need<00:23:01.039> to<00:23:01.120> re 00:23:01.510 --> 00:23:01.520 align:start position:0% insignificant the robots need to re 00:23:01.520 --> 00:23:02.870 align:start position:0% insignificant the robots need to re refocus<00:23:02.080> on<00:23:02.159> the<00:23:02.240> parts<00:23:02.559> that<00:23:02.720> are 00:23:02.870 --> 00:23:02.880 align:start position:0% refocus on the parts that are 00:23:02.880 --> 00:23:05.029 align:start position:0% refocus on the parts that are significant<00:23:03.600> right<00:23:04.080> and<00:23:04.159> that's<00:23:04.400> the<00:23:04.559> kind<00:23:04.880> of 00:23:05.029 --> 00:23:05.039 align:start position:0% significant right and that's the kind of 00:23:05.039 --> 00:23:07.029 align:start position:0% significant right and that's the kind of autonomy<00:23:05.679> that<00:23:05.919> we<00:23:06.080> would<00:23:06.240> like<00:23:06.480> robots<00:23:06.880> to 00:23:07.029 --> 00:23:07.039 align:start position:0% autonomy that we would like robots to 00:23:07.039 --> 00:23:08.230 align:start position:0% autonomy that we would like robots to have<00:23:07.919> in 00:23:08.230 --> 00:23:08.240 align:start position:0% have in 00:23:08.240 --> 00:23:11.270 align:start position:0% have in exploring<00:23:09.679> the<00:23:10.240> in<00:23:10.480> exploring<00:23:11.039> a 00:23:11.270 --> 00:23:11.280 align:start position:0% exploring the in exploring a 00:23:11.280 --> 00:23:13.190 align:start position:0% exploring the in exploring a an<00:23:11.520> uninstrumented<00:23:12.320> environment<00:23:12.799> right<00:23:13.039> an 00:23:13.190 --> 00:23:13.200 align:start position:0% an uninstrumented environment right an 00:23:13.200 --> 00:23:15.029 align:start position:0% an uninstrumented environment right an environment<00:23:13.679> that's<00:23:13.919> out<00:23:14.080> there<00:23:14.400> not<00:23:14.640> not<00:23:14.880> not 00:23:15.029 --> 00:23:15.039 align:start position:0% environment that's out there not not not 00:23:15.039 --> 00:23:16.310 align:start position:0% environment that's out there not not not an<00:23:15.200> environment<00:23:15.600> where<00:23:15.760> we<00:23:15.919> control 00:23:16.310 --> 00:23:16.320 align:start position:0% an environment where we control 00:23:16.320 --> 00:23:17.590 align:start position:0% an environment where we control everything 00:23:17.590 --> 00:23:17.600 align:start position:0% everything 00:23:17.600 --> 00:23:20.830 align:start position:0% everything and<00:23:18.799> it<00:23:18.960> would<00:23:19.120> be<00:23:19.520> for<00:23:19.679> me<00:23:19.919> personally<00:23:20.480> very 00:23:20.830 --> 00:23:20.840 align:start position:0% and it would be for me personally very 00:23:20.840 --> 00:23:21.990 align:start position:0% and it would be for me personally very gratifying 00:23:21.990 --> 00:23:22.000 align:start position:0% gratifying 00:23:22.000 --> 00:23:25.029 align:start position:0% gratifying if<00:23:23.200> if<00:23:23.360> my<00:23:23.600> colleagues<00:23:24.000> were<00:23:24.159> to<00:23:24.320> use 00:23:25.029 --> 00:23:25.039 align:start position:0% if if my colleagues were to use 00:23:25.039 --> 00:23:27.510 align:start position:0% if if my colleagues were to use this<00:23:25.679> networked<00:23:26.240> infrastructure<00:23:26.880> of<00:23:27.039> robots 00:23:27.510 --> 00:23:27.520 align:start position:0% this networked infrastructure of robots 00:23:27.520 --> 00:23:28.390 align:start position:0% this networked infrastructure of robots the<00:23:27.600> way<00:23:27.760> they<00:23:27.919> use 00:23:28.390 --> 00:23:28.400 align:start position:0% the way they use 00:23:28.400 --> 00:23:30.870 align:start position:0% the way they use a<00:23:28.480> microscope<00:23:29.200> right<00:23:29.679> so<00:23:30.240> without<00:23:30.640> thinking 00:23:30.870 --> 00:23:30.880 align:start position:0% a microscope right so without thinking 00:23:30.880 --> 00:23:31.990 align:start position:0% a microscope right so without thinking about<00:23:31.120> how<00:23:31.280> it<00:23:31.440> works 00:23:31.990 --> 00:23:32.000 align:start position:0% about how it works 00:23:32.000 --> 00:23:34.149 align:start position:0% about how it works but<00:23:32.159> they<00:23:32.320> know<00:23:32.640> how<00:23:32.799> to<00:23:32.960> use<00:23:33.200> it<00:23:33.520> and<00:23:33.679> it<00:23:33.919> helps 00:23:34.149 --> 00:23:34.159 align:start position:0% but they know how to use it and it helps 00:23:34.159 --> 00:23:36.549 align:start position:0% but they know how to use it and it helps them<00:23:34.320> do<00:23:34.480> their<00:23:34.640> work<00:23:34.880> better 00:23:36.549 --> 00:23:36.559 align:start position:0% them do their work better 00:23:36.559 --> 00:23:38.710 align:start position:0% them do their work better and<00:23:36.880> that<00:23:37.120> allows<00:23:37.440> us<00:23:37.520> to<00:23:37.760> make<00:23:38.000> some<00:23:38.240> progress 00:23:38.710 --> 00:23:38.720 align:start position:0% and that allows us to make some progress 00:23:38.720 --> 00:23:39.909 align:start position:0% and that allows us to make some progress not<00:23:38.960> just<00:23:39.200> in 00:23:39.909 --> 00:23:39.919 align:start position:0% not just in 00:23:39.919 --> 00:23:41.669 align:start position:0% not just in in<00:23:40.559> thinking<00:23:40.799> about<00:23:41.039> algorithms<00:23:41.520> in<00:23:41.600> the 00:23:41.669 --> 00:23:41.679 align:start position:0% in thinking about algorithms in the 00:23:41.679 --> 00:23:43.350 align:start position:0% in thinking about algorithms in the abstract<00:23:42.080> but<00:23:42.320> in<00:23:42.400> the<00:23:42.559> end<00:23:42.799> sort<00:23:43.039> of 00:23:43.350 --> 00:23:43.360 align:start position:0% abstract but in the end sort of 00:23:43.360 --> 00:23:46.630 align:start position:0% abstract but in the end sort of we<00:23:43.520> advance<00:23:44.400> we<00:23:44.640> advance<00:23:46.000> by<00:23:46.159> building<00:23:46.400> a<00:23:46.480> new 00:23:46.630 --> 00:23:46.640 align:start position:0% we advance we advance by building a new 00:23:46.640 --> 00:23:47.669 align:start position:0% we advance we advance by building a new scientific<00:23:47.120> instrument 00:23:47.669 --> 00:23:47.679 align:start position:0% scientific instrument 00:23:47.679 --> 00:23:49.909 align:start position:0% scientific instrument potentially<00:23:48.240> we<00:23:48.480> advance<00:23:49.120> what<00:23:49.360> other<00:23:49.600> people 00:23:49.909 --> 00:23:49.919 align:start position:0% potentially we advance what other people 00:23:49.919 --> 00:23:50.789 align:start position:0% potentially we advance what other people do 00:23:50.789 --> 00:23:50.799 align:start position:0% do 00:23:50.799 --> 00:23:53.669 align:start position:0% do and<00:23:51.279> by<00:23:51.679> studying<00:23:52.799> things<00:23:53.200> like<00:23:53.440> the 00:23:53.669 --> 00:23:53.679 align:start position:0% and by studying things like the 00:23:53.679 --> 00:23:56.310 align:start position:0% and by studying things like the environment<00:23:54.240> using<00:23:54.559> robots 00:23:56.310 --> 00:23:56.320 align:start position:0% environment using robots 00:23:56.320 --> 00:23:58.789 align:start position:0% environment using robots i<00:23:56.400> think<00:23:56.640> we<00:23:56.799> contribute<00:23:58.159> more<00:23:58.400> than<00:23:58.559> just 00:23:58.789 --> 00:23:58.799 align:start position:0% i think we contribute more than just 00:23:58.799 --> 00:23:59.909 align:start position:0% i think we contribute more than just technology 00:23:59.909 --> 00:23:59.919 align:start position:0% technology 00:23:59.919 --> 00:24:02.710 align:start position:0% technology we<00:24:00.080> contribute<00:24:00.640> something<00:24:01.120> to<00:24:01.919> to<00:24:02.240> society 00:24:02.710 --> 00:24:02.720 align:start position:0% we contribute something to to society 00:24:02.720 --> 00:24:03.750 align:start position:0% we contribute something to to society which<00:24:02.960> is<00:24:03.200> which<00:24:03.440> is 00:24:03.750 --> 00:24:03.760 align:start position:0% which is which is 00:24:03.760 --> 00:24:06.470 align:start position:0% which is which is larger<00:24:04.320> than<00:24:04.720> just<00:24:04.960> the<00:24:05.120> technology<00:24:06.240> because 00:24:06.470 --> 00:24:06.480 align:start position:0% larger than just the technology because 00:24:06.480 --> 00:24:07.669 align:start position:0% larger than just the technology because of<00:24:06.559> course<00:24:06.880> if<00:24:06.960> you<00:24:07.120> can 00:24:07.669 --> 00:24:07.679 align:start position:0% of course if you can 00:24:07.679 --> 00:24:09.269 align:start position:0% of course if you can if<00:24:07.840> you<00:24:08.000> can<00:24:08.159> know<00:24:08.480> something<00:24:08.799> about<00:24:09.120> how 00:24:09.269 --> 00:24:09.279 align:start position:0% if you can know something about how 00:24:09.279 --> 00:24:10.710 align:start position:0% if you can know something about how pollution<00:24:09.760> moves<00:24:10.000> in<00:24:10.080> the<00:24:10.240> water 00:24:10.710 --> 00:24:10.720 align:start position:0% pollution moves in the water 00:24:10.720 --> 00:24:13.029 align:start position:0% pollution moves in the water or<00:24:10.880> how<00:24:11.120> toxins<00:24:11.600> spread<00:24:11.760> in<00:24:11.919> the<00:24:12.000> water<00:24:12.799> then 00:24:13.029 --> 00:24:13.039 align:start position:0% or how toxins spread in the water then 00:24:13.039 --> 00:24:15.029 align:start position:0% or how toxins spread in the water then this<00:24:13.200> has<00:24:13.360> public<00:24:13.679> policy<00:24:14.159> impact 00:24:15.029 --> 00:24:15.039 align:start position:0% this has public policy impact 00:24:15.039 --> 00:24:18.549 align:start position:0% this has public policy impact and<00:24:15.279> so<00:24:16.640> i<00:24:17.440> i've<00:24:17.679> become<00:24:18.000> more<00:24:18.159> and<00:24:18.320> more 00:24:18.549 --> 00:24:18.559 align:start position:0% and so i i've become more and more 00:24:18.559 --> 00:24:19.190 align:start position:0% and so i i've become more and more interested 00:24:19.190 --> 00:24:19.200 align:start position:0% interested 00:24:19.200 --> 00:24:21.430 align:start position:0% interested in<00:24:19.919> thinking<00:24:20.240> about<00:24:20.559> larger<00:24:20.880> robotics 00:24:21.430 --> 00:24:21.440 align:start position:0% in thinking about larger robotics 00:24:21.440 --> 00:24:22.230 align:start position:0% in thinking about larger robotics problems 00:24:22.230 --> 00:24:22.240 align:start position:0% problems 00:24:22.240 --> 00:24:25.590 align:start position:0% problems that<00:24:22.480> have<00:24:22.799> social<00:24:23.279> impact<00:24:24.080> right<00:24:24.400> so<00:24:25.120> so<00:24:25.440> the 00:24:25.590 --> 00:24:25.600 align:start position:0% that have social impact right so so the 00:24:25.600 --> 00:24:27.669 align:start position:0% that have social impact right so so the science<00:24:26.080> application<00:24:26.640> is<00:24:26.720> a<00:24:26.799> good<00:24:27.039> driver<00:24:27.440> for 00:24:27.669 --> 00:24:27.679 align:start position:0% science application is a good driver for 00:24:27.679 --> 00:24:28.149 align:start position:0% science application is a good driver for us 00:24:28.149 --> 00:24:28.159 align:start position:0% us 00:24:28.159 --> 00:24:30.070 align:start position:0% us but<00:24:28.320> we<00:24:28.480> see<00:24:28.720> a<00:24:28.799> wider<00:24:29.120> world<00:24:29.440> beyond<00:24:29.760> that 00:24:30.070 --> 00:24:30.080 align:start position:0% but we see a wider world beyond that 00:24:30.080 --> 00:24:32.310 align:start position:0% but we see a wider world beyond that where<00:24:30.640> environment<00:24:31.279> monitoring 00:24:32.310 --> 00:24:32.320 align:start position:0% where environment monitoring 00:24:32.320 --> 00:24:34.870 align:start position:0% where environment monitoring monitoring<00:24:32.799> the<00:24:32.880> natural<00:24:33.360> environment<00:24:34.240> is<00:24:34.720> a 00:24:34.870 --> 00:24:34.880 align:start position:0% monitoring the natural environment is a 00:24:34.880 --> 00:24:37.269 align:start position:0% monitoring the natural environment is a very<00:24:35.200> very<00:24:35.520> important<00:24:35.919> thing<00:24:36.240> because 00:24:37.269 --> 00:24:37.279 align:start position:0% very very important thing because 00:24:37.279 --> 00:24:38.870 align:start position:0% very very important thing because with<00:24:37.520> better<00:24:37.840> monitoring<00:24:38.480> can<00:24:38.640> come 00:24:38.870 --> 00:24:38.880 align:start position:0% with better monitoring can come 00:24:38.880 --> 00:24:40.630 align:start position:0% with better monitoring can come remediation<00:24:40.080> and 00:24:40.630 --> 00:24:40.640 align:start position:0% remediation and 00:24:40.640 --> 00:24:42.149 align:start position:0% remediation and can<00:24:40.799> come<00:24:41.039> things<00:24:41.360> like<00:24:41.520> better<00:24:41.760> public 00:24:42.149 --> 00:24:42.159 align:start position:0% can come things like better public 00:24:42.159 --> 00:24:43.750 align:start position:0% can come things like better public policy 00:24:43.750 --> 00:24:43.760 align:start position:0% policy 00:24:43.760 --> 00:24:45.190 align:start position:0% policy today<00:24:44.000> when<00:24:44.159> you<00:24:44.240> go<00:24:44.400> to<00:24:44.480> the<00:24:44.559> beach<00:24:45.039> if 00:24:45.190 --> 00:24:45.200 align:start position:0% today when you go to the beach if 00:24:45.200 --> 00:24:46.789 align:start position:0% today when you go to the beach if there's<00:24:45.360> a<00:24:45.440> beach<00:24:45.679> closure 00:24:46.789 --> 00:24:46.799 align:start position:0% there's a beach closure 00:24:46.799 --> 00:24:49.510 align:start position:0% there's a beach closure uh<00:24:47.279> probably<00:24:47.679> there<00:24:47.919> were<00:24:48.640> there<00:24:48.880> was 00:24:49.510 --> 00:24:49.520 align:start position:0% uh probably there were there was 00:24:49.520 --> 00:24:51.190 align:start position:0% uh probably there were there was something<00:24:49.919> bad<00:24:50.159> in<00:24:50.240> the<00:24:50.320> water<00:24:50.720> three<00:24:50.960> days 00:24:51.190 --> 00:24:51.200 align:start position:0% something bad in the water three days 00:24:51.200 --> 00:24:51.909 align:start position:0% something bad in the water three days ago 00:24:51.909 --> 00:24:51.919 align:start position:0% ago 00:24:51.919 --> 00:24:53.350 align:start position:0% ago and<00:24:52.000> that's<00:24:52.240> why<00:24:52.640> you<00:24:52.720> know<00:24:52.880> somebody's<00:24:53.200> put 00:24:53.350 --> 00:24:53.360 align:start position:0% and that's why you know somebody's put 00:24:53.360 --> 00:24:55.110 align:start position:0% and that's why you know somebody's put up<00:24:53.440> a<00:24:53.520> beach<00:24:53.760> closer<00:24:54.080> sign<00:24:54.400> today<00:24:54.880> right 00:24:55.110 --> 00:24:55.120 align:start position:0% up a beach closer sign today right 00:24:55.120 --> 00:24:55.909 align:start position:0% up a beach closer sign today right because 00:24:55.909 --> 00:24:55.919 align:start position:0% because 00:24:55.919 --> 00:24:57.750 align:start position:0% because the<00:24:56.080> water<00:24:56.400> samples<00:24:56.720> are<00:24:56.799> taken<00:24:57.039> to<00:24:57.200> some<00:24:57.360> lab 00:24:57.750 --> 00:24:57.760 align:start position:0% the water samples are taken to some lab 00:24:57.760 --> 00:24:59.029 align:start position:0% the water samples are taken to some lab and<00:24:57.840> somebody<00:24:58.159> said<00:24:58.320> oops 00:24:59.029 --> 00:24:59.039 align:start position:0% and somebody said oops 00:24:59.039 --> 00:25:00.149 align:start position:0% and somebody said oops people<00:24:59.279> really<00:24:59.520> shouldn't<00:24:59.679> be<00:24:59.760> going<00:25:00.000> in<00:25:00.080> the 00:25:00.149 --> 00:25:00.159 align:start position:0% people really shouldn't be going in the 00:25:00.159 --> 00:25:02.230 align:start position:0% people really shouldn't be going in the water<00:25:00.640> right 00:25:02.230 --> 00:25:02.240 align:start position:0% water right 00:25:02.240 --> 00:25:04.149 align:start position:0% water right if<00:25:02.400> you<00:25:02.480> had<00:25:02.640> a<00:25:02.720> fleet<00:25:02.960> of<00:25:03.039> robots<00:25:03.440> that<00:25:03.679> was 00:25:04.149 --> 00:25:04.159 align:start position:0% if you had a fleet of robots that was 00:25:04.159 --> 00:25:05.430 align:start position:0% if you had a fleet of robots that was monitoring<00:25:04.640> the<00:25:04.720> water 00:25:05.430 --> 00:25:05.440 align:start position:0% monitoring the water 00:25:05.440 --> 00:25:07.269 align:start position:0% monitoring the water a<00:25:05.600> red<00:25:05.840> light<00:25:06.000> on<00:25:06.080> the<00:25:06.159> pier<00:25:06.480> would<00:25:06.640> come<00:25:06.880> on 00:25:07.269 --> 00:25:07.279 align:start position:0% a red light on the pier would come on 00:25:07.279 --> 00:25:09.110 align:start position:0% a red light on the pier would come on when<00:25:07.679> the<00:25:07.840> water<00:25:08.080> quality<00:25:08.400> was<00:25:08.640> poor 00:25:09.110 --> 00:25:09.120 align:start position:0% when the water quality was poor 00:25:09.120 --> 00:25:11.190 align:start position:0% when the water quality was poor right<00:25:09.679> now<00:25:09.840> of<00:25:09.919> course<00:25:10.720> i'm<00:25:10.880> not<00:25:11.039> just 00:25:11.190 --> 00:25:11.200 align:start position:0% right now of course i'm not just 00:25:11.200 --> 00:25:12.470 align:start position:0% right now of course i'm not just suggesting<00:25:11.600> that<00:25:11.760> this<00:25:11.919> is<00:25:12.000> important<00:25:12.320> for 00:25:12.470 --> 00:25:12.480 align:start position:0% suggesting that this is important for 00:25:12.480 --> 00:25:13.669 align:start position:0% suggesting that this is important for recreational<00:25:13.120> use 00:25:13.669 --> 00:25:13.679 align:start position:0% recreational use 00:25:13.679 --> 00:25:15.190 align:start position:0% recreational use but<00:25:13.840> it<00:25:14.000> is<00:25:14.080> tremendously<00:25:14.799> important<00:25:15.120> in 00:25:15.190 --> 00:25:15.200 align:start position:0% but it is tremendously important in 00:25:15.200 --> 00:25:17.110 align:start position:0% but it is tremendously important in parts<00:25:15.440> of<00:25:15.520> the<00:25:15.679> world<00:25:16.080> where<00:25:16.400> water<00:25:16.640> quality 00:25:17.110 --> 00:25:17.120 align:start position:0% parts of the world where water quality 00:25:17.120 --> 00:25:19.029 align:start position:0% parts of the world where water quality is<00:25:17.200> a<00:25:17.360> very<00:25:17.760> very<00:25:18.080> serious<00:25:18.400> public<00:25:18.720> health 00:25:19.029 --> 00:25:19.039 align:start position:0% is a very very serious public health 00:25:19.039 --> 00:25:19.510 align:start position:0% is a very very serious public health issue 00:25:19.510 --> 00:25:19.520 align:start position:0% issue 00:25:19.520 --> 00:25:22.230 align:start position:0% issue right<00:25:20.720> and<00:25:21.039> and<00:25:21.279> we<00:25:21.360> hope<00:25:21.600> to<00:25:21.679> be<00:25:21.840> able<00:25:21.919> to<00:25:22.000> make 00:25:22.230 --> 00:25:22.240 align:start position:0% right and and we hope to be able to make 00:25:22.240 --> 00:25:24.070 align:start position:0% right and and we hope to be able to make impact<00:25:22.559> at<00:25:22.720> a<00:25:22.799> large<00:25:23.039> scale<00:25:23.520> that<00:25:23.679> way<00:25:23.919> by 00:25:24.070 --> 00:25:24.080 align:start position:0% impact at a large scale that way by 00:25:24.080 --> 00:25:26.149 align:start position:0% impact at a large scale that way by doing<00:25:24.320> environmental<00:25:24.880> robotics<00:25:25.279> so<00:25:25.440> that's<00:25:25.600> a 00:25:26.149 --> 00:25:26.159 align:start position:0% doing environmental robotics so that's a 00:25:26.159 --> 00:25:28.390 align:start position:0% doing environmental robotics so that's a a<00:25:26.240> big<00:25:26.480> umbrella<00:25:27.039> driver<00:25:27.600> and<00:25:27.679> then<00:25:28.159> there's 00:25:28.390 --> 00:25:28.400 align:start position:0% a big umbrella driver and then there's 00:25:28.400 --> 00:25:30.549 align:start position:0% a big umbrella driver and then there's of<00:25:28.559> course<00:25:29.120> technical<00:25:29.679> problems<00:25:30.080> that<00:25:30.320> we 00:25:30.549 --> 00:25:30.559 align:start position:0% of course technical problems that we 00:25:30.559 --> 00:25:31.350 align:start position:0% of course technical problems that we that<00:25:30.720> we<00:25:30.799> work<00:25:31.039> on 00:25:31.350 --> 00:25:31.360 align:start position:0% that we work on 00:25:31.360 --> 00:25:34.630 align:start position:0% that we work on shorter<00:25:31.679> time<00:25:31.919> skills<00:25:34.000> how<00:25:34.159> did<00:25:34.320> you<00:25:34.400> first 00:25:34.630 --> 00:25:34.640 align:start position:0% shorter time skills how did you first 00:25:34.640 --> 00:25:36.950 align:start position:0% shorter time skills how did you first become<00:25:34.880> interested<00:25:35.200> in<00:25:35.360> marine<00:25:35.600> robotics 00:25:36.950 --> 00:25:36.960 align:start position:0% become interested in marine robotics 00:25:36.960 --> 00:25:38.549 align:start position:0% become interested in marine robotics i<00:25:37.120> first<00:25:37.360> became<00:25:37.679> interested<00:25:38.000> in<00:25:38.159> marine 00:25:38.549 --> 00:25:38.559 align:start position:0% i first became interested in marine 00:25:38.559 --> 00:25:40.830 align:start position:0% i first became interested in marine robotics<00:25:39.279> uh<00:25:39.679> and<00:25:39.840> aquatic<00:25:40.159> robots<00:25:40.640> more 00:25:40.830 --> 00:25:40.840 align:start position:0% robotics uh and aquatic robots more 00:25:40.840 --> 00:25:42.870 align:start position:0% robotics uh and aquatic robots more generally 00:25:42.870 --> 00:25:42.880 align:start position:0% generally 00:25:42.880 --> 00:25:45.510 align:start position:0% generally because<00:25:43.360> i<00:25:43.840> participated<00:25:45.039> and<00:25:45.200> still 00:25:45.510 --> 00:25:45.520 align:start position:0% because i participated and still 00:25:45.520 --> 00:25:46.710 align:start position:0% because i participated and still participate 00:25:46.710 --> 00:25:46.720 align:start position:0% participate 00:25:46.720 --> 00:25:51.110 align:start position:0% participate in<00:25:47.279> a<00:25:48.240> national<00:25:48.559> science<00:25:48.880> foundation<00:25:49.520> center 00:25:51.110 --> 00:25:51.120 align:start position:0% in a national science foundation center 00:25:51.120 --> 00:25:52.710 align:start position:0% in a national science foundation center called<00:25:51.440> the<00:25:51.520> center<00:25:51.760> for<00:25:52.000> embedded<00:25:52.320> network 00:25:52.710 --> 00:25:52.720 align:start position:0% called the center for embedded network 00:25:52.720 --> 00:25:55.110 align:start position:0% called the center for embedded network sensing<00:25:53.760> or<00:25:54.000> sends 00:25:55.110 --> 00:25:55.120 align:start position:0% sensing or sends 00:25:55.120 --> 00:25:58.230 align:start position:0% sensing or sends um<00:25:56.080> sends<00:25:56.480> is<00:25:56.640> a<00:25:57.120> nsf 00:25:58.230 --> 00:25:58.240 align:start position:0% um sends is a nsf 00:25:58.240 --> 00:26:01.190 align:start position:0% um sends is a nsf science<00:25:58.559> and<00:25:58.720> technology<00:25:59.200> center<00:25:59.679> and<00:25:59.919> stc 00:26:01.190 --> 00:26:01.200 align:start position:0% science and technology center and stc 00:26:01.200 --> 00:26:02.070 align:start position:0% science and technology center and stc which<00:26:01.440> is<00:26:01.600> a 00:26:02.070 --> 00:26:02.080 align:start position:0% which is a 00:26:02.080 --> 00:26:03.830 align:start position:0% which is a collaboration<00:26:02.960> between<00:26:03.520> several 00:26:03.830 --> 00:26:03.840 align:start position:0% collaboration between several 00:26:03.840 --> 00:26:06.549 align:start position:0% collaboration between several institutions 00:26:06.549 --> 00:26:06.559 align:start position:0% institutions 00:26:06.559 --> 00:26:09.190 align:start position:0% institutions the<00:26:06.880> lead<00:26:07.120> institution<00:26:07.600> is<00:26:07.760> at<00:26:07.840> ucla<00:26:08.640> and<00:26:08.799> the 00:26:09.190 --> 00:26:09.200 align:start position:0% the lead institution is at ucla and the 00:26:09.200 --> 00:26:11.350 align:start position:0% the lead institution is at ucla and the stc<00:26:09.760> is<00:26:09.840> headed<00:26:10.159> by<00:26:10.320> deborah<00:26:10.640> estrin<00:26:11.120> who<00:26:11.279> is 00:26:11.350 --> 00:26:11.360 align:start position:0% stc is headed by deborah estrin who is 00:26:11.360 --> 00:26:14.390 align:start position:0% stc is headed by deborah estrin who is an<00:26:11.520> expert<00:26:11.760> in<00:26:11.919> embedded<00:26:12.240> network<00:26:12.559> sensing 00:26:14.390 --> 00:26:14.400 align:start position:0% an expert in embedded network sensing 00:26:14.400 --> 00:26:16.630 align:start position:0% an expert in embedded network sensing participating<00:26:15.120> institutions<00:26:15.679> are<00:26:15.840> usc 00:26:16.630 --> 00:26:16.640 align:start position:0% participating institutions are usc 00:26:16.640 --> 00:26:18.789 align:start position:0% participating institutions are usc caltech<00:26:17.200> uc<00:26:17.520> merced 00:26:18.789 --> 00:26:18.799 align:start position:0% caltech uc merced 00:26:18.799 --> 00:26:20.789 align:start position:0% caltech uc merced and<00:26:19.039> the<00:26:19.200> focus<00:26:19.600> of<00:26:19.679> that<00:26:19.919> center<00:26:20.480> from<00:26:20.720> the 00:26:20.789 --> 00:26:20.799 align:start position:0% and the focus of that center from the 00:26:20.799 --> 00:26:22.630 align:start position:0% and the focus of that center from the get-go<00:26:21.440> about<00:26:21.760> eight<00:26:21.919> years<00:26:22.159> ago<00:26:22.400> when<00:26:22.559> it 00:26:22.630 --> 00:26:22.640 align:start position:0% get-go about eight years ago when it 00:26:22.640 --> 00:26:23.269 align:start position:0% get-go about eight years ago when it began 00:26:23.269 --> 00:26:23.279 align:start position:0% began 00:26:23.279 --> 00:26:25.269 align:start position:0% began eight<00:26:23.440> or<00:26:23.520> nine<00:26:23.760> years<00:26:24.000> ago<00:26:24.159> when<00:26:24.320> it<00:26:24.400> began 00:26:25.269 --> 00:26:25.279 align:start position:0% eight or nine years ago when it began 00:26:25.279 --> 00:26:26.390 align:start position:0% eight or nine years ago when it began was<00:26:25.520> to<00:26:25.760> develop 00:26:26.390 --> 00:26:26.400 align:start position:0% was to develop 00:26:26.400 --> 00:26:29.430 align:start position:0% was to develop embedded<00:26:27.039> network<00:26:27.679> sensing<00:26:28.240> technologies 00:26:29.430 --> 00:26:29.440 align:start position:0% embedded network sensing technologies 00:26:29.440 --> 00:26:31.430 align:start position:0% embedded network sensing technologies to<00:26:29.600> explore<00:26:30.000> the<00:26:30.080> natural<00:26:30.559> world<00:26:30.880> to<00:26:31.039> reveal 00:26:31.430 --> 00:26:31.440 align:start position:0% to explore the natural world to reveal 00:26:31.440 --> 00:26:32.950 align:start position:0% to explore the natural world to reveal things<00:26:31.679> about<00:26:31.919> the<00:26:32.080> natural<00:26:32.400> world<00:26:32.720> that<00:26:32.799> had 00:26:32.950 --> 00:26:32.960 align:start position:0% things about the natural world that had 00:26:32.960 --> 00:26:36.310 align:start position:0% things about the natural world that had previously<00:26:33.440> been<00:26:33.600> unobservable<00:26:34.480> as<00:26:34.640> it<00:26:34.799> were 00:26:36.310 --> 00:26:36.320 align:start position:0% previously been unobservable as it were 00:26:36.320 --> 00:26:37.669 align:start position:0% previously been unobservable as it were and<00:26:36.480> now<00:26:36.640> of<00:26:36.720> course<00:26:36.960> not<00:26:37.279> all<00:26:37.440> this 00:26:37.669 --> 00:26:37.679 align:start position:0% and now of course not all this 00:26:37.679 --> 00:26:39.750 align:start position:0% and now of course not all this infrastructure<00:26:38.320> needs<00:26:38.640> to<00:26:38.720> move<00:26:38.960> around<00:26:39.520> but 00:26:39.750 --> 00:26:39.760 align:start position:0% infrastructure needs to move around but 00:26:39.760 --> 00:26:41.350 align:start position:0% infrastructure needs to move around but it<00:26:39.919> was<00:26:40.159> clear<00:26:40.400> to<00:26:40.559> us<00:26:40.720> from<00:26:40.880> the<00:26:40.960> beginning 00:26:41.350 --> 00:26:41.360 align:start position:0% it was clear to us from the beginning 00:26:41.360 --> 00:26:43.269 align:start position:0% it was clear to us from the beginning that<00:26:41.679> some<00:26:41.919> of<00:26:42.080> the<00:26:42.320> infrastructure<00:26:43.039> that 00:26:43.269 --> 00:26:43.279 align:start position:0% that some of the infrastructure that 00:26:43.279 --> 00:26:43.830 align:start position:0% that some of the infrastructure that these 00:26:43.830 --> 00:26:43.840 align:start position:0% these 00:26:43.840 --> 00:26:47.350 align:start position:0% these the<00:26:44.080> center<00:26:44.400> would<00:26:44.640> study<00:26:45.440> would<00:26:45.600> be<00:26:45.760> mobile 00:26:47.350 --> 00:26:47.360 align:start position:0% the center would study would be mobile 00:26:47.360 --> 00:26:48.950 align:start position:0% the center would study would be mobile because<00:26:47.679> it<00:26:47.760> simply<00:26:48.000> wasn't<00:26:48.320> possible<00:26:48.640> to<00:26:48.720> put 00:26:48.950 --> 00:26:48.960 align:start position:0% because it simply wasn't possible to put 00:26:48.960 --> 00:26:50.390 align:start position:0% because it simply wasn't possible to put sensors<00:26:49.440> everywhere<00:26:49.760> you<00:26:49.919> needed<00:26:50.159> to<00:26:50.240> make 00:26:50.390 --> 00:26:50.400 align:start position:0% sensors everywhere you needed to make 00:26:50.400 --> 00:26:51.590 align:start position:0% sensors everywhere you needed to make measurements 00:26:51.590 --> 00:26:51.600 align:start position:0% measurements 00:26:51.600 --> 00:26:52.870 align:start position:0% measurements and<00:26:51.760> of<00:26:51.840> course<00:26:52.080> once<00:26:52.320> you<00:26:52.400> have<00:26:52.559> moving 00:26:52.870 --> 00:26:52.880 align:start position:0% and of course once you have moving 00:26:52.880 --> 00:26:54.950 align:start position:0% and of course once you have moving sensors<00:26:53.440> and<00:26:53.600> they<00:26:53.679> move<00:26:53.919> autonomously 00:26:54.950 --> 00:26:54.960 align:start position:0% sensors and they move autonomously 00:26:54.960 --> 00:26:56.630 align:start position:0% sensors and they move autonomously you<00:26:55.120> have<00:26:55.279> robots<00:26:55.919> and<00:26:56.080> in<00:26:56.159> fact<00:26:56.400> when<00:26:56.559> you 00:26:56.630 --> 00:26:56.640 align:start position:0% you have robots and in fact when you 00:26:56.640 --> 00:26:58.789 align:start position:0% you have robots and in fact when you have<00:26:56.799> many<00:26:57.120> of<00:26:57.200> them<00:26:57.679> you<00:26:57.840> have<00:26:58.000> a<00:26:58.080> multi-robot 00:26:58.789 --> 00:26:58.799 align:start position:0% have many of them you have a multi-robot 00:26:58.799 --> 00:27:00.070 align:start position:0% have many of them you have a multi-robot coordination<00:26:59.440> problem 00:27:00.070 --> 00:27:00.080 align:start position:0% coordination problem 00:27:00.080 --> 00:27:01.909 align:start position:0% coordination problem and<00:27:00.240> you<00:27:00.400> have<00:27:00.559> multi-robot<00:27:01.360> estimation 00:27:01.909 --> 00:27:01.919 align:start position:0% and you have multi-robot estimation 00:27:01.919 --> 00:27:03.430 align:start position:0% and you have multi-robot estimation problems<00:27:02.240> so<00:27:02.400> that<00:27:02.559> was<00:27:02.720> my<00:27:02.960> role<00:27:03.200> in<00:27:03.360> the 00:27:03.430 --> 00:27:03.440 align:start position:0% problems so that was my role in the 00:27:03.440 --> 00:27:05.350 align:start position:0% problems so that was my role in the center 00:27:05.350 --> 00:27:05.360 align:start position:0% center 00:27:05.360 --> 00:27:08.230 align:start position:0% center but<00:27:05.600> what<00:27:06.080> was<00:27:06.400> very<00:27:06.720> very<00:27:07.440> compelling<00:27:08.000> about 00:27:08.230 --> 00:27:08.240 align:start position:0% but what was very very compelling about 00:27:08.240 --> 00:27:10.470 align:start position:0% but what was very very compelling about the<00:27:08.400> center<00:27:08.799> from<00:27:09.039> an<00:27:09.200> early<00:27:09.440> stage<00:27:09.919> was 00:27:10.470 --> 00:27:10.480 align:start position:0% the center from an early stage was 00:27:10.480 --> 00:27:12.310 align:start position:0% the center from an early stage was it<00:27:10.720> brought<00:27:11.039> together<00:27:11.440> people<00:27:11.679> doing<00:27:12.000> these 00:27:12.310 --> 00:27:12.320 align:start position:0% it brought together people doing these 00:27:12.320 --> 00:27:13.590 align:start position:0% it brought together people doing these technologies<00:27:13.279> for 00:27:13.590 --> 00:27:13.600 align:start position:0% technologies for 00:27:13.600 --> 00:27:15.510 align:start position:0% technologies for embedded<00:27:14.000> network<00:27:14.400> sensing<00:27:14.960> some<00:27:15.120> of<00:27:15.200> them 00:27:15.510 --> 00:27:15.520 align:start position:0% embedded network sensing some of them 00:27:15.520 --> 00:27:17.029 align:start position:0% embedded network sensing some of them some<00:27:15.679> of<00:27:15.760> the<00:27:15.840> technologies<00:27:16.400> were<00:27:16.559> networking 00:27:17.029 --> 00:27:17.039 align:start position:0% some of the technologies were networking 00:27:17.039 --> 00:27:18.389 align:start position:0% some of the technologies were networking technologies<00:27:17.600> and<00:27:17.679> some<00:27:17.840> were<00:27:18.000> sensor 00:27:18.389 --> 00:27:18.399 align:start position:0% technologies and some were sensor 00:27:18.399 --> 00:27:19.029 align:start position:0% technologies and some were sensor development 00:27:19.029 --> 00:27:19.039 align:start position:0% development 00:27:19.039 --> 00:27:20.870 align:start position:0% development some<00:27:19.200> were<00:27:19.360> robotics<00:27:19.919> and<00:27:20.320> a<00:27:20.399> variety<00:27:20.799> of 00:27:20.870 --> 00:27:20.880 align:start position:0% some were robotics and a variety of 00:27:20.880 --> 00:27:22.950 align:start position:0% some were robotics and a variety of technologies<00:27:21.600> but<00:27:21.760> it<00:27:22.000> paired<00:27:22.399> them<00:27:22.640> with 00:27:22.950 --> 00:27:22.960 align:start position:0% technologies but it paired them with 00:27:22.960 --> 00:27:23.909 align:start position:0% technologies but it paired them with applications 00:27:23.909 --> 00:27:23.919 align:start position:0% applications 00:27:23.919 --> 00:27:26.950 align:start position:0% applications as<00:27:24.080> it<00:27:24.159> were<00:27:24.480> with<00:27:24.960> with<00:27:25.279> domains<00:27:25.919> with<00:27:26.480> real 00:27:26.950 --> 00:27:26.960 align:start position:0% as it were with with domains with real 00:27:26.960 --> 00:27:28.789 align:start position:0% as it were with with domains with real things<00:27:27.360> that<00:27:27.600> needed<00:27:27.919> measuring<00:27:28.559> and 00:27:28.789 --> 00:27:28.799 align:start position:0% things that needed measuring and 00:27:28.799 --> 00:27:30.389 align:start position:0% things that needed measuring and monitoring 00:27:30.389 --> 00:27:30.399 align:start position:0% monitoring 00:27:30.399 --> 00:27:32.310 align:start position:0% monitoring and<00:27:30.960> in<00:27:31.120> the<00:27:31.200> way<00:27:31.440> that<00:27:31.600> this<00:27:31.760> very<00:27:32.000> often 00:27:32.310 --> 00:27:32.320 align:start position:0% and in the way that this very often 00:27:32.320 --> 00:27:33.430 align:start position:0% and in the way that this very often happens 00:27:33.430 --> 00:27:33.440 align:start position:0% happens 00:27:33.440 --> 00:27:35.190 align:start position:0% happens through<00:27:33.679> some<00:27:33.840> early<00:27:34.159> conversations<00:27:34.960> the 00:27:35.190 --> 00:27:35.200 align:start position:0% through some early conversations the 00:27:35.200 --> 00:27:36.870 align:start position:0% through some early conversations the particular<00:27:35.600> domain<00:27:36.159> that 00:27:36.870 --> 00:27:36.880 align:start position:0% particular domain that 00:27:36.880 --> 00:27:39.350 align:start position:0% particular domain that that<00:27:37.360> it<00:27:37.440> became<00:27:37.760> obvious<00:27:38.159> to<00:27:38.320> us<00:27:39.120> might 00:27:39.350 --> 00:27:39.360 align:start position:0% that it became obvious to us might 00:27:39.360 --> 00:27:40.389 align:start position:0% that it became obvious to us might benefit 00:27:40.389 --> 00:27:40.399 align:start position:0% benefit 00:27:40.399 --> 00:27:44.230 align:start position:0% benefit through<00:27:42.159> multi-robot<00:27:43.279> monitoring<00:27:43.919> as<00:27:44.080> it 00:27:44.230 --> 00:27:44.240 align:start position:0% through multi-robot monitoring as it 00:27:44.240 --> 00:27:44.870 align:start position:0% through multi-robot monitoring as it were 00:27:44.870 --> 00:27:44.880 align:start position:0% were 00:27:44.880 --> 00:27:47.750 align:start position:0% were was<00:27:45.039> the<00:27:45.200> water<00:27:46.880> it's<00:27:47.039> a<00:27:47.120> bit<00:27:47.279> hard<00:27:47.520> to<00:27:47.600> get 00:27:47.750 --> 00:27:47.760 align:start position:0% was the water it's a bit hard to get 00:27:47.760 --> 00:27:48.630 align:start position:0% was the water it's a bit hard to get sensors<00:27:48.240> to 00:27:48.630 --> 00:27:48.640 align:start position:0% sensors to 00:27:48.640 --> 00:27:50.310 align:start position:0% sensors to move<00:27:48.960> underground<00:27:49.520> say<00:27:49.760> if<00:27:49.840> you<00:27:49.919> want<00:27:50.080> to<00:27:50.159> make 00:27:50.310 --> 00:27:50.320 align:start position:0% move underground say if you want to make 00:27:50.320 --> 00:27:52.230 align:start position:0% move underground say if you want to make seismic<00:27:50.880> experiments<00:27:51.600> right 00:27:52.230 --> 00:27:52.240 align:start position:0% seismic experiments right 00:27:52.240 --> 00:27:54.310 align:start position:0% seismic experiments right or<00:27:52.559> if<00:27:52.640> you<00:27:53.200> you<00:27:53.360> know<00:27:53.440> if<00:27:53.600> you<00:27:53.760> if<00:27:53.919> you<00:27:54.159> if<00:27:54.240> you 00:27:54.310 --> 00:27:54.320 align:start position:0% or if you you know if you if you if you 00:27:54.320 --> 00:27:55.430 align:start position:0% or if you you know if you if you if you want<00:27:54.480> to<00:27:54.559> make<00:27:54.720> other<00:27:54.880> kinds<00:27:55.200> of 00:27:55.430 --> 00:27:55.440 align:start position:0% want to make other kinds of 00:27:55.440 --> 00:27:58.470 align:start position:0% want to make other kinds of measurements<00:27:56.320> um<00:27:56.960> and<00:27:57.120> so<00:27:57.440> that<00:27:57.600> was<00:27:57.840> so<00:27:58.080> so<00:27:58.320> so 00:27:58.470 --> 00:27:58.480 align:start position:0% measurements um and so that was so so so 00:27:58.480 --> 00:28:00.630 align:start position:0% measurements um and so that was so so so the<00:27:58.559> water<00:27:58.960> was<00:27:59.200> very<00:27:59.440> early<00:27:59.840> on<00:28:00.080> identified 00:28:00.630 --> 00:28:00.640 align:start position:0% the water was very early on identified 00:28:00.640 --> 00:28:01.350 align:start position:0% the water was very early on identified in<00:28:00.720> the<00:28:00.799> center 00:28:01.350 --> 00:28:01.360 align:start position:0% in the center 00:28:01.360 --> 00:28:02.310 align:start position:0% in the center right<00:28:01.520> from<00:28:01.679> the<00:28:01.760> time<00:28:01.919> we<00:28:02.000> wrote<00:28:02.159> the 00:28:02.310 --> 00:28:02.320 align:start position:0% right from the time we wrote the 00:28:02.320 --> 00:28:05.350 align:start position:0% right from the time we wrote the proposal<00:28:03.600> to<00:28:03.760> be<00:28:03.840> one<00:28:04.000> such<00:28:04.320> area 00:28:05.350 --> 00:28:05.360 align:start position:0% proposal to be one such area 00:28:05.360 --> 00:28:06.950 align:start position:0% proposal to be one such area and<00:28:05.520> i<00:28:05.600> had<00:28:05.760> the<00:28:05.919> very<00:28:06.080> good<00:28:06.240> fortune<00:28:06.720> at<00:28:06.799> the 00:28:06.950 --> 00:28:06.960 align:start position:0% and i had the very good fortune at the 00:28:06.960 --> 00:28:09.430 align:start position:0% and i had the very good fortune at the time<00:28:07.679> of<00:28:07.840> starting<00:28:08.240> a<00:28:08.320> collaboration<00:28:09.039> with<00:28:09.279> a 00:28:09.430 --> 00:28:09.440 align:start position:0% time of starting a collaboration with a 00:28:09.440 --> 00:28:11.269 align:start position:0% time of starting a collaboration with a colleague<00:28:09.840> here<00:28:10.080> at<00:28:10.159> usc 00:28:11.269 --> 00:28:11.279 align:start position:0% colleague here at usc 00:28:11.279 --> 00:28:14.230 align:start position:0% colleague here at usc um<00:28:11.760> whose<00:28:12.000> name<00:28:12.159> is<00:28:12.240> david<00:28:12.559> karen<00:28:13.840> in<00:28:13.919> the<00:28:14.159> in 00:28:14.230 --> 00:28:14.240 align:start position:0% um whose name is david karen in the in 00:28:14.240 --> 00:28:16.310 align:start position:0% um whose name is david karen in the in the<00:28:14.320> biological<00:28:14.880> sciences<00:28:15.360> department 00:28:16.310 --> 00:28:16.320 align:start position:0% the biological sciences department 00:28:16.320 --> 00:28:19.269 align:start position:0% the biological sciences department and<00:28:17.360> that<00:28:17.600> collaboration<00:28:18.240> through<00:28:18.559> sense<00:28:19.039> was 00:28:19.269 --> 00:28:19.279 align:start position:0% and that collaboration through sense was 00:28:19.279 --> 00:28:20.870 align:start position:0% and that collaboration through sense was how<00:28:19.520> i<00:28:19.679> got<00:28:19.919> started 00:28:20.870 --> 00:28:20.880 align:start position:0% how i got started 00:28:20.880 --> 00:28:23.909 align:start position:0% how i got started um<00:28:21.520> on<00:28:21.919> on<00:28:22.399> sort<00:28:22.559> of<00:28:22.720> on<00:28:22.799> this<00:28:23.039> field<00:28:23.679> and 00:28:23.909 --> 00:28:23.919 align:start position:0% um on on sort of on this field and 00:28:23.919 --> 00:28:25.590 align:start position:0% um on on sort of on this field and really<00:28:24.159> about<00:28:24.480> eight<00:28:24.720> or<00:28:24.799> nine<00:28:24.960> years<00:28:25.200> ago<00:28:25.440> i 00:28:25.590 --> 00:28:25.600 align:start position:0% really about eight or nine years ago i 00:28:25.600 --> 00:28:27.269 align:start position:0% really about eight or nine years ago i had<00:28:25.679> no<00:28:25.919> experience<00:28:26.480> doing 00:28:27.269 --> 00:28:27.279 align:start position:0% had no experience doing 00:28:27.279 --> 00:28:30.070 align:start position:0% had no experience doing doing<00:28:27.840> robots<00:28:28.240> in<00:28:28.399> the<00:28:28.480> water<00:28:29.360> i<00:28:29.520> did<00:28:29.679> a<00:28:29.760> lot<00:28:29.919> of 00:28:30.070 --> 00:28:30.080 align:start position:0% doing robots in the water i did a lot of 00:28:30.080 --> 00:28:31.990 align:start position:0% doing robots in the water i did a lot of multi-robot<00:28:30.720> coordination<00:28:31.360> i<00:28:31.520> did<00:28:31.679> a<00:28:31.679> lot<00:28:31.840> of 00:28:31.990 --> 00:28:32.000 align:start position:0% multi-robot coordination i did a lot of 00:28:32.000 --> 00:28:33.590 align:start position:0% multi-robot coordination i did a lot of estimation<00:28:32.559> work 00:28:33.590 --> 00:28:33.600 align:start position:0% estimation work 00:28:33.600 --> 00:28:36.070 align:start position:0% estimation work some<00:28:33.760> of<00:28:34.000> it<00:28:34.080> was<00:28:34.320> for<00:28:34.720> robots<00:28:35.279> on<00:28:35.360> the<00:28:35.600> ground 00:28:36.070 --> 00:28:36.080 align:start position:0% some of it was for robots on the ground 00:28:36.080 --> 00:28:37.750 align:start position:0% some of it was for robots on the ground and<00:28:36.320> a<00:28:36.480> substantial<00:28:37.039> amount<00:28:37.360> actually<00:28:37.600> was 00:28:37.750 --> 00:28:37.760 align:start position:0% and a substantial amount actually was 00:28:37.760 --> 00:28:40.070 align:start position:0% and a substantial amount actually was for<00:28:37.919> flying<00:28:38.240> robots<00:28:38.640> in<00:28:38.720> the<00:28:38.799> 1990s 00:28:40.070 --> 00:28:40.080 align:start position:0% for flying robots in the 1990s 00:28:40.080 --> 00:28:42.950 align:start position:0% for flying robots in the 1990s and<00:28:40.240> i<00:28:40.399> slowly<00:28:40.880> moved<00:28:41.120> away<00:28:41.440> from<00:28:41.600> those<00:28:41.919> areas 00:28:42.950 --> 00:28:42.960 align:start position:0% and i slowly moved away from those areas 00:28:42.960 --> 00:28:44.070 align:start position:0% and i slowly moved away from those areas to<00:28:43.120> an<00:28:43.279> increased<00:28:43.600> focus 00:28:44.070 --> 00:28:44.080 align:start position:0% to an increased focus 00:28:44.080 --> 00:28:48.149 align:start position:0% to an increased focus on<00:28:45.039> on<00:28:45.279> dedicating<00:28:46.080> my<00:28:46.399> my<00:28:46.640> efforts<00:28:47.039> mostly<00:28:47.440> to 00:28:48.149 --> 00:28:48.159 align:start position:0% on on dedicating my my efforts mostly to 00:28:48.159 --> 00:28:49.909 align:start position:0% on on dedicating my my efforts mostly to robotic<00:28:48.559> boats<00:28:48.960> and<00:28:49.120> also<00:28:49.440> underwater 00:28:49.909 --> 00:28:49.919 align:start position:0% robotic boats and also underwater 00:28:49.919 --> 00:28:51.990 align:start position:0% robotic boats and also underwater vehicles<00:28:50.480> and<00:28:50.559> that's<00:28:51.039> primarily<00:28:51.600> where<00:28:51.840> my 00:28:51.990 --> 00:28:52.000 align:start position:0% vehicles and that's primarily where my 00:28:52.000 --> 00:28:56.630 align:start position:0% vehicles and that's primarily where my lab's<00:28:52.320> been<00:28:52.480> working<00:28:52.799> now 00:28:56.630 --> 00:28:56.640 align:start position:0% 00:28:56.640 --> 00:28:57.909 align:start position:0% so<00:28:56.880> what<00:28:57.120> do<00:28:57.200> you<00:28:57.279> see<00:28:57.440> as<00:28:57.520> some<00:28:57.679> of<00:28:57.760> the 00:28:57.909 --> 00:28:57.919 align:start position:0% so what do you see as some of the 00:28:57.919 --> 00:29:01.830 align:start position:0% so what do you see as some of the central<00:28:58.320> problems<00:28:59.120> they<00:28:59.360> say 00:29:01.830 --> 00:29:01.840 align:start position:0% 00:29:01.840 --> 00:29:05.269 align:start position:0% i<00:29:02.000> guess<00:29:03.600> these<00:29:03.840> other<00:29:04.080> areas 00:29:05.269 --> 00:29:05.279 align:start position:0% i guess these other areas 00:29:05.279 --> 00:29:08.430 align:start position:0% i guess these other areas um<00:29:05.600> so<00:29:06.559> the<00:29:06.640> multi-robot<00:29:07.440> coordination 00:29:08.430 --> 00:29:08.440 align:start position:0% um so the multi-robot coordination 00:29:08.440 --> 00:29:11.029 align:start position:0% um so the multi-robot coordination problems 00:29:11.029 --> 00:29:11.039 align:start position:0% problems 00:29:11.039 --> 00:29:14.389 align:start position:0% problems that<00:29:11.279> have<00:29:11.360> been<00:29:11.520> big<00:29:11.760> breakthroughs 00:29:14.389 --> 00:29:14.399 align:start position:0% that have been big breakthroughs 00:29:14.399 --> 00:29:16.549 align:start position:0% that have been big breakthroughs there<00:29:14.559> have<00:29:14.720> been<00:29:14.880> big<00:29:15.120> breakthroughs<00:29:15.840> um 00:29:16.549 --> 00:29:16.559 align:start position:0% there have been big breakthroughs um 00:29:16.559 --> 00:29:17.830 align:start position:0% there have been big breakthroughs um some<00:29:16.799> of<00:29:16.880> the<00:29:16.960> breakthroughs<00:29:17.440> have<00:29:17.600> been 00:29:17.830 --> 00:29:17.840 align:start position:0% some of the breakthroughs have been 00:29:17.840 --> 00:29:18.870 align:start position:0% some of the breakthroughs have been foundational 00:29:18.870 --> 00:29:18.880 align:start position:0% foundational 00:29:18.880 --> 00:29:22.230 align:start position:0% foundational so<00:29:20.960> people<00:29:21.279> wrestled<00:29:21.840> with 00:29:22.230 --> 00:29:22.240 align:start position:0% so people wrestled with 00:29:22.240 --> 00:29:24.310 align:start position:0% so people wrestled with really<00:29:22.559> foundational<00:29:23.200> issues<00:29:23.600> in<00:29:23.679> robotics 00:29:24.310 --> 00:29:24.320 align:start position:0% really foundational issues in robotics 00:29:24.320 --> 00:29:26.310 align:start position:0% really foundational issues in robotics all<00:29:24.480> through<00:29:24.720> the<00:29:24.799> 1990s<00:29:25.600> and<00:29:25.679> the<00:29:25.840> early<00:29:26.080> part 00:29:26.310 --> 00:29:26.320 align:start position:0% all through the 1990s and the early part 00:29:26.320 --> 00:29:27.190 align:start position:0% all through the 1990s and the early part of 00:29:27.190 --> 00:29:27.200 align:start position:0% of 00:29:27.200 --> 00:29:29.830 align:start position:0% of the<00:29:27.440> past<00:29:27.679> decade<00:29:28.640> on<00:29:28.880> things<00:29:29.200> like<00:29:29.679> very 00:29:29.830 --> 00:29:29.840 align:start position:0% the past decade on things like very 00:29:29.840 --> 00:29:31.510 align:start position:0% the past decade on things like very fundamental<00:29:30.399> problems 00:29:31.510 --> 00:29:31.520 align:start position:0% fundamental problems 00:29:31.520 --> 00:29:35.590 align:start position:0% fundamental problems problems<00:29:32.000> in<00:29:33.679> in<00:29:34.159> allocating<00:29:34.799> tasks<00:29:35.279> across 00:29:35.590 --> 00:29:35.600 align:start position:0% problems in in allocating tasks across 00:29:35.600 --> 00:29:36.789 align:start position:0% problems in in allocating tasks across multiple<00:29:36.000> robots 00:29:36.789 --> 00:29:36.799 align:start position:0% multiple robots 00:29:36.799 --> 00:29:38.230 align:start position:0% multiple robots and<00:29:36.880> there's<00:29:37.120> been<00:29:37.279> considerable<00:29:37.760> progress 00:29:38.230 --> 00:29:38.240 align:start position:0% and there's been considerable progress 00:29:38.240 --> 00:29:40.149 align:start position:0% and there's been considerable progress on<00:29:38.320> that<00:29:38.720> how<00:29:38.880> do<00:29:38.960> you<00:29:39.039> do<00:29:39.200> multi-robot<00:29:39.840> task 00:29:40.149 --> 00:29:40.159 align:start position:0% on that how do you do multi-robot task 00:29:40.159 --> 00:29:41.029 align:start position:0% on that how do you do multi-robot task allocation 00:29:41.029 --> 00:29:41.039 align:start position:0% allocation 00:29:41.039 --> 00:29:43.350 align:start position:0% allocation right<00:29:41.279> if<00:29:41.360> you<00:29:41.520> have<00:29:41.600> a<00:29:41.679> team<00:29:41.840> of<00:29:41.919> robots<00:29:42.799> and 00:29:43.350 --> 00:29:43.360 align:start position:0% right if you have a team of robots and 00:29:43.360 --> 00:29:44.149 align:start position:0% right if you have a team of robots and some<00:29:43.600> have<00:29:43.760> to<00:29:43.840> do 00:29:44.149 --> 00:29:44.159 align:start position:0% some have to do 00:29:44.159 --> 00:29:46.070 align:start position:0% some have to do certain<00:29:44.559> tasks<00:29:44.960> at<00:29:45.039> certain<00:29:45.360> given<00:29:45.600> times<00:29:45.919> and 00:29:46.070 --> 00:29:46.080 align:start position:0% certain tasks at certain given times and 00:29:46.080 --> 00:29:47.510 align:start position:0% certain tasks at certain given times and others<00:29:46.399> have<00:29:46.480> to<00:29:46.559> do<00:29:46.720> others<00:29:47.039> how<00:29:47.200> do<00:29:47.279> you<00:29:47.360> do 00:29:47.510 --> 00:29:47.520 align:start position:0% others have to do others how do you do 00:29:47.520 --> 00:29:48.230 align:start position:0% others have to do others how do you do this 00:29:48.230 --> 00:29:48.240 align:start position:0% this 00:29:48.240 --> 00:29:49.590 align:start position:0% this and<00:29:48.399> there's<00:29:48.640> been<00:29:48.720> considerable<00:29:49.200> progress 00:29:49.590 --> 00:29:49.600 align:start position:0% and there's been considerable progress 00:29:49.600 --> 00:29:51.590 align:start position:0% and there's been considerable progress in<00:29:49.679> this<00:29:49.919> area 00:29:51.590 --> 00:29:51.600 align:start position:0% in this area 00:29:51.600 --> 00:29:52.950 align:start position:0% in this area there<00:29:51.760> are<00:29:51.840> variants<00:29:52.320> of<00:29:52.399> these<00:29:52.559> problems 00:29:52.950 --> 00:29:52.960 align:start position:0% there are variants of these problems 00:29:52.960 --> 00:29:56.149 align:start position:0% there are variants of these problems that<00:29:53.200> can<00:29:53.520> that<00:29:53.520> that<00:29:54.080> are<00:29:54.480> that<00:29:54.720> remain<00:29:55.120> open 00:29:56.149 --> 00:29:56.159 align:start position:0% that can that that are that remain open 00:29:56.159 --> 00:29:58.389 align:start position:0% that can that that are that remain open but<00:29:56.559> but<00:29:56.799> we<00:29:56.960> know<00:29:57.440> a<00:29:57.520> fair<00:29:57.760> bit<00:29:57.919> more<00:29:58.080> about 00:29:58.389 --> 00:29:58.399 align:start position:0% but but we know a fair bit more about 00:29:58.399 --> 00:29:59.750 align:start position:0% but but we know a fair bit more about these<00:29:58.720> areas<00:29:59.120> now<00:29:59.360> than<00:29:59.520> we 00:29:59.750 --> 00:29:59.760 align:start position:0% these areas now than we 00:29:59.760 --> 00:30:02.789 align:start position:0% these areas now than we than<00:29:59.919> we<00:30:00.080> used<00:30:00.320> to<00:30:01.200> um<00:30:02.320> there's<00:30:02.640> been 00:30:02.789 --> 00:30:02.799 align:start position:0% than we used to um there's been 00:30:02.799 --> 00:30:04.310 align:start position:0% than we used to um there's been foundational<00:30:03.520> work 00:30:04.310 --> 00:30:04.320 align:start position:0% foundational work 00:30:04.320 --> 00:30:07.590 align:start position:0% foundational work um<00:30:04.880> on<00:30:05.600> on<00:30:05.840> estimation<00:30:06.640> in<00:30:06.880> single<00:30:07.200> robot 00:30:07.590 --> 00:30:07.600 align:start position:0% um on on estimation in single robot 00:30:07.600 --> 00:30:10.389 align:start position:0% um on on estimation in single robot systems<00:30:08.000> and<00:30:08.159> in<00:30:08.320> multi-robot<00:30:08.880> systems 00:30:10.389 --> 00:30:10.399 align:start position:0% systems and in multi-robot systems 00:30:10.399 --> 00:30:11.990 align:start position:0% systems and in multi-robot systems locating<00:30:10.880> where<00:30:11.120> robots<00:30:11.600> are<00:30:11.840> the 00:30:11.990 --> 00:30:12.000 align:start position:0% locating where robots are the 00:30:12.000 --> 00:30:13.669 align:start position:0% locating where robots are the localization<00:30:12.799> problems 00:30:13.669 --> 00:30:13.679 align:start position:0% localization problems 00:30:13.679 --> 00:30:15.110 align:start position:0% localization problems has<00:30:13.840> received<00:30:14.240> a<00:30:14.320> tremendous<00:30:14.799> amount<00:30:14.960> of 00:30:15.110 --> 00:30:15.120 align:start position:0% has received a tremendous amount of 00:30:15.120 --> 00:30:17.029 align:start position:0% has received a tremendous amount of attention<00:30:15.520> in<00:30:15.600> robotics 00:30:17.029 --> 00:30:17.039 align:start position:0% attention in robotics 00:30:17.039 --> 00:30:19.190 align:start position:0% attention in robotics and<00:30:17.360> really<00:30:18.080> the<00:30:18.240> state<00:30:18.480> of<00:30:18.559> the<00:30:18.640> art<00:30:18.880> in<00:30:19.039> it 00:30:19.190 --> 00:30:19.200 align:start position:0% and really the state of the art in it 00:30:19.200 --> 00:30:20.230 align:start position:0% and really the state of the art in it now<00:30:19.440> is 00:30:20.230 --> 00:30:20.240 align:start position:0% now is 00:30:20.240 --> 00:30:22.149 align:start position:0% now is is<00:30:20.480> dramatically<00:30:21.120> different<00:30:21.520> than<00:30:21.520> than<00:30:22.000> what 00:30:22.149 --> 00:30:22.159 align:start position:0% is dramatically different than than what 00:30:22.159 --> 00:30:24.630 align:start position:0% is dramatically different than than what it<00:30:22.320> used<00:30:22.480> to<00:30:22.559> be<00:30:22.720> 15<00:30:23.039> or<00:30:23.200> 20<00:30:23.440> years<00:30:23.679> ago 00:30:24.630 --> 00:30:24.640 align:start position:0% it used to be 15 or 20 years ago 00:30:24.640 --> 00:30:26.789 align:start position:0% it used to be 15 or 20 years ago systems<00:30:25.039> are<00:30:25.120> a<00:30:25.200> lot<00:30:25.360> more<00:30:25.600> accurate<00:30:26.480> and<00:30:26.640> can 00:30:26.789 --> 00:30:26.799 align:start position:0% systems are a lot more accurate and can 00:30:26.799 --> 00:30:28.230 align:start position:0% systems are a lot more accurate and can do<00:30:26.960> amazing<00:30:27.360> things 00:30:28.230 --> 00:30:28.240 align:start position:0% do amazing things 00:30:28.240 --> 00:30:30.149 align:start position:0% do amazing things the<00:30:28.480> problem<00:30:28.880> of<00:30:29.360> building<00:30:29.679> environment 00:30:30.149 --> 00:30:30.159 align:start position:0% the problem of building environment 00:30:30.159 --> 00:30:31.909 align:start position:0% the problem of building environment representations<00:30:31.039> building<00:30:31.360> maps<00:30:31.760> of 00:30:31.909 --> 00:30:31.919 align:start position:0% representations building maps of 00:30:31.919 --> 00:30:33.510 align:start position:0% representations building maps of environments<00:30:32.480> is<00:30:32.640> also<00:30:32.960> a<00:30:33.039> problem<00:30:33.279> that's 00:30:33.510 --> 00:30:33.520 align:start position:0% environments is also a problem that's 00:30:33.520 --> 00:30:35.190 align:start position:0% environments is also a problem that's received<00:30:33.840> tremendous<00:30:34.320> interest<00:30:34.640> in<00:30:34.720> robotics 00:30:35.190 --> 00:30:35.200 align:start position:0% received tremendous interest in robotics 00:30:35.200 --> 00:30:35.990 align:start position:0% received tremendous interest in robotics over<00:30:35.440> the<00:30:35.520> past<00:30:35.760> few 00:30:35.990 --> 00:30:36.000 align:start position:0% over the past few 00:30:36.000 --> 00:30:38.630 align:start position:0% over the past few years<00:30:36.640> and<00:30:36.720> that<00:30:36.960> too<00:30:37.200> is<00:30:37.360> matured<00:30:37.919> and<00:30:38.480> there 00:30:38.630 --> 00:30:38.640 align:start position:0% years and that too is matured and there 00:30:38.640 --> 00:30:40.870 align:start position:0% years and that too is matured and there are<00:30:38.720> highly<00:30:39.039> capable<00:30:39.440> robots<00:30:39.840> that<00:30:40.000> do<00:30:40.159> this 00:30:40.870 --> 00:30:40.880 align:start position:0% are highly capable robots that do this 00:30:40.880 --> 00:30:44.389 align:start position:0% are highly capable robots that do this in<00:30:41.039> fact<00:30:42.080> sort<00:30:42.240> of<00:30:42.320> the<00:30:43.039> the<00:30:43.440> autonomous<00:30:44.000> robot 00:30:44.389 --> 00:30:44.399 align:start position:0% in fact sort of the the autonomous robot 00:30:44.399 --> 00:30:45.029 align:start position:0% in fact sort of the the autonomous robot that 00:30:45.029 --> 00:30:45.039 align:start position:0% that 00:30:45.039 --> 00:30:46.789 align:start position:0% that locates<00:30:45.520> itself<00:30:45.919> and<00:30:46.080> builds<00:30:46.320> a<00:30:46.399> map<00:30:46.640> of<00:30:46.720> the 00:30:46.789 --> 00:30:46.799 align:start position:0% locates itself and builds a map of the 00:30:46.799 --> 00:30:48.070 align:start position:0% locates itself and builds a map of the environment<00:30:47.360> and<00:30:47.440> solves<00:30:47.760> the 00:30:48.070 --> 00:30:48.080 align:start position:0% environment and solves the 00:30:48.080 --> 00:30:49.590 align:start position:0% environment and solves the concurrent<00:30:48.559> problem<00:30:48.960> if<00:30:49.039> you<00:30:49.120> will<00:30:49.360> the 00:30:49.590 --> 00:30:49.600 align:start position:0% concurrent problem if you will the 00:30:49.600 --> 00:30:51.350 align:start position:0% concurrent problem if you will the simultaneous<00:30:50.320> localization<00:30:50.960> of<00:30:51.120> epic 00:30:51.350 --> 00:30:51.360 align:start position:0% simultaneous localization of epic 00:30:51.360 --> 00:30:51.990 align:start position:0% simultaneous localization of epic problem 00:30:51.990 --> 00:30:52.000 align:start position:0% problem 00:30:52.000 --> 00:30:53.669 align:start position:0% problem is<00:30:52.159> another<00:30:52.559> huge<00:30:52.880> area<00:30:53.120> that's<00:30:53.360> received 00:30:53.669 --> 00:30:53.679 align:start position:0% is another huge area that's received 00:30:53.679 --> 00:30:54.950 align:start position:0% is another huge area that's received tremendous<00:30:54.080> amount<00:30:54.320> of<00:30:54.480> attention<00:30:54.880> and 00:30:54.950 --> 00:30:54.960 align:start position:0% tremendous amount of attention and 00:30:54.960 --> 00:30:56.870 align:start position:0% tremendous amount of attention and there's<00:30:55.200> been<00:30:55.360> considerable<00:30:55.919> progress 00:30:56.870 --> 00:30:56.880 align:start position:0% there's been considerable progress 00:30:56.880 --> 00:31:00.310 align:start position:0% there's been considerable progress right<00:30:57.679> but<00:30:57.840> now<00:30:58.080> doing<00:30:58.320> these<00:30:58.559> things<00:30:59.200> in 00:31:00.310 --> 00:31:00.320 align:start position:0% right but now doing these things in 00:31:00.320 --> 00:31:01.750 align:start position:0% right but now doing these things in in<00:31:00.720> more<00:31:00.880> and<00:31:00.960> more<00:31:01.200> challenging 00:31:01.750 --> 00:31:01.760 align:start position:0% in more and more challenging 00:31:01.760 --> 00:31:03.350 align:start position:0% in more and more challenging environments 00:31:03.350 --> 00:31:03.360 align:start position:0% environments 00:31:03.360 --> 00:31:06.389 align:start position:0% environments still<00:31:04.000> proves<00:31:04.320> to<00:31:04.480> be<00:31:04.640> tricky<00:31:05.679> when<00:31:06.080> you<00:31:06.159> want 00:31:06.389 --> 00:31:06.399 align:start position:0% still proves to be tricky when you want 00:31:06.399 --> 00:31:06.950 align:start position:0% still proves to be tricky when you want to<00:31:06.559> do 00:31:06.950 --> 00:31:06.960 align:start position:0% to do 00:31:06.960 --> 00:31:08.310 align:start position:0% to do when<00:31:07.120> you<00:31:07.200> want<00:31:07.440> to<00:31:07.519> solve<00:31:07.760> some<00:31:08.000> of<00:31:08.080> these 00:31:08.310 --> 00:31:08.320 align:start position:0% when you want to solve some of these 00:31:08.320 --> 00:31:09.909 align:start position:0% when you want to solve some of these problems<00:31:08.720> which<00:31:08.880> are<00:31:09.039> in<00:31:09.120> some<00:31:09.360> sense<00:31:09.600> fairly 00:31:09.909 --> 00:31:09.919 align:start position:0% problems which are in some sense fairly 00:31:09.919 --> 00:31:10.950 align:start position:0% problems which are in some sense fairly basic<00:31:10.240> problems 00:31:10.950 --> 00:31:10.960 align:start position:0% basic problems 00:31:10.960 --> 00:31:12.310 align:start position:0% basic problems but<00:31:11.200> when<00:31:11.360> you<00:31:11.440> want<00:31:11.679> to<00:31:11.760> solve<00:31:11.919> them<00:31:12.159> in 00:31:12.310 --> 00:31:12.320 align:start position:0% but when you want to solve them in 00:31:12.320 --> 00:31:14.310 align:start position:0% but when you want to solve them in environments<00:31:12.799> which<00:31:13.039> are<00:31:13.120> very<00:31:13.360> crowded 00:31:14.310 --> 00:31:14.320 align:start position:0% environments which are very crowded 00:31:14.320 --> 00:31:16.149 align:start position:0% environments which are very crowded or<00:31:14.640> in<00:31:14.799> environments<00:31:15.360> that<00:31:15.600> are<00:31:15.840> highly 00:31:16.149 --> 00:31:16.159 align:start position:0% or in environments that are highly 00:31:16.159 --> 00:31:18.070 align:start position:0% or in environments that are highly unstructured<00:31:16.960> or<00:31:17.200> in<00:31:17.360> environments<00:31:17.840> that<00:31:18.000> are 00:31:18.070 --> 00:31:18.080 align:start position:0% unstructured or in environments that are 00:31:18.080 --> 00:31:20.470 align:start position:0% unstructured or in environments that are very<00:31:18.320> dynamic<00:31:18.960> and<00:31:19.120> are<00:31:19.279> changing 00:31:20.470 --> 00:31:20.480 align:start position:0% very dynamic and are changing 00:31:20.480 --> 00:31:23.509 align:start position:0% very dynamic and are changing or<00:31:21.039> where<00:31:22.000> the<00:31:22.080> robots<00:31:22.559> are<00:31:22.720> very<00:31:23.039> severely 00:31:23.509 --> 00:31:23.519 align:start position:0% or where the robots are very severely 00:31:23.519 --> 00:31:25.190 align:start position:0% or where the robots are very severely constrained<00:31:24.159> in<00:31:24.240> their<00:31:24.399> abilities<00:31:24.960> like 00:31:25.190 --> 00:31:25.200 align:start position:0% constrained in their abilities like 00:31:25.200 --> 00:31:26.950 align:start position:0% constrained in their abilities like there<00:31:25.360> may<00:31:25.519> be<00:31:25.760> microrobots<00:31:26.559> so<00:31:26.640> they<00:31:26.799> don't 00:31:26.950 --> 00:31:26.960 align:start position:0% there may be microrobots so they don't 00:31:26.960 --> 00:31:28.549 align:start position:0% there may be microrobots so they don't have<00:31:27.120> a<00:31:27.120> lot<00:31:27.279> of<00:31:27.360> computation 00:31:28.549 --> 00:31:28.559 align:start position:0% have a lot of computation 00:31:28.559 --> 00:31:30.149 align:start position:0% have a lot of computation or<00:31:28.799> where<00:31:28.960> the<00:31:29.039> robots<00:31:29.440> are<00:31:29.600> constrained<00:31:30.080> in 00:31:30.149 --> 00:31:30.159 align:start position:0% or where the robots are constrained in 00:31:30.159 --> 00:31:31.909 align:start position:0% or where the robots are constrained in their<00:31:30.320> abilities<00:31:30.799> to<00:31:30.960> communicate<00:31:31.440> with<00:31:31.679> each 00:31:31.909 --> 00:31:31.919 align:start position:0% their abilities to communicate with each 00:31:31.919 --> 00:31:33.350 align:start position:0% their abilities to communicate with each other 00:31:33.350 --> 00:31:33.360 align:start position:0% other 00:31:33.360 --> 00:31:35.190 align:start position:0% other all<00:31:33.519> of<00:31:33.600> these<00:31:33.919> variants<00:31:34.399> still<00:31:34.640> make<00:31:35.039> a 00:31:35.190 --> 00:31:35.200 align:start position:0% all of these variants still make a 00:31:35.200 --> 00:31:36.870 align:start position:0% all of these variants still make a variety<00:31:35.600> of<00:31:35.679> these<00:31:35.840> problems<00:31:36.240> very<00:31:36.399> difficult 00:31:36.870 --> 00:31:36.880 align:start position:0% variety of these problems very difficult 00:31:36.880 --> 00:31:37.430 align:start position:0% variety of these problems very difficult and<00:31:37.039> there's 00:31:37.430 --> 00:31:37.440 align:start position:0% and there's 00:31:37.440 --> 00:31:39.590 align:start position:0% and there's plenty<00:31:37.919> of<00:31:38.159> work<00:31:38.399> to<00:31:38.559> do<00:31:38.720> in<00:31:38.799> these<00:31:39.039> areas<00:31:39.440> and 00:31:39.590 --> 00:31:39.600 align:start position:0% plenty of work to do in these areas and 00:31:39.600 --> 00:31:40.870 align:start position:0% plenty of work to do in these areas and capabilities<00:31:40.320> to<00:31:40.399> build 00:31:40.870 --> 00:31:40.880 align:start position:0% capabilities to build 00:31:40.880 --> 00:31:44.230 align:start position:0% capabilities to build right<00:31:42.720> and<00:31:42.880> then 00:31:44.230 --> 00:31:44.240 align:start position:0% right and then 00:31:44.240 --> 00:31:46.470 align:start position:0% right and then and<00:31:44.399> then<00:31:44.559> there<00:31:44.640> are<00:31:44.799> areas<00:31:45.200> beyond<00:31:46.240> these 00:31:46.470 --> 00:31:46.480 align:start position:0% and then there are areas beyond these 00:31:46.480 --> 00:31:48.149 align:start position:0% and then there are areas beyond these foundational<00:31:47.120> areas<00:31:47.600> but 00:31:48.149 --> 00:31:48.159 align:start position:0% foundational areas but 00:31:48.159 --> 00:31:49.509 align:start position:0% foundational areas but but<00:31:48.559> depending<00:31:48.880> on<00:31:48.960> how<00:31:49.120> you<00:31:49.200> want<00:31:49.279> to<00:31:49.360> think 00:31:49.509 --> 00:31:49.519 align:start position:0% but depending on how you want to think 00:31:49.519 --> 00:31:51.909 align:start position:0% but depending on how you want to think of<00:31:49.600> them<00:31:49.840> they<00:31:50.080> sort<00:31:50.240> of<00:31:50.640> they're<00:31:51.120> integral<00:31:51.679> to 00:31:51.909 --> 00:31:51.919 align:start position:0% of them they sort of they're integral to 00:31:51.919 --> 00:31:54.149 align:start position:0% of them they sort of they're integral to to<00:31:52.080> the<00:31:52.240> overall<00:31:52.640> enterprise<00:31:53.200> which<00:31:53.360> is 00:31:54.149 --> 00:31:54.159 align:start position:0% to the overall enterprise which is 00:31:54.159 --> 00:31:55.669 align:start position:0% to the overall enterprise which is most<00:31:54.399> of<00:31:54.559> us<00:31:54.720> think<00:31:54.880> of<00:31:54.960> robots<00:31:55.360> as<00:31:55.440> things 00:31:55.669 --> 00:31:55.679 align:start position:0% most of us think of robots as things 00:31:55.679 --> 00:31:57.590 align:start position:0% most of us think of robots as things that<00:31:55.840> ultimately<00:31:56.399> get<00:31:56.640> used<00:31:57.120> to 00:31:57.590 --> 00:31:57.600 align:start position:0% that ultimately get used to 00:31:57.600 --> 00:31:59.269 align:start position:0% that ultimately get used to to<00:31:57.679> do<00:31:57.840> something<00:31:58.240> so<00:31:58.320> you<00:31:58.480> design<00:31:58.799> algorithms 00:31:59.269 --> 00:31:59.279 align:start position:0% to do something so you design algorithms 00:31:59.279 --> 00:32:00.789 align:start position:0% to do something so you design algorithms for<00:31:59.440> basic<00:31:59.760> capabilities 00:32:00.789 --> 00:32:00.799 align:start position:0% for basic capabilities 00:32:00.799 --> 00:32:02.870 align:start position:0% for basic capabilities but<00:32:01.039> in<00:32:01.120> some<00:32:01.360> sense<00:32:01.600> you<00:32:01.760> also<00:32:02.000> need<00:32:02.320> ways<00:32:02.720> to 00:32:02.870 --> 00:32:02.880 align:start position:0% but in some sense you also need ways to 00:32:02.880 --> 00:32:04.149 align:start position:0% but in some sense you also need ways to make<00:32:03.039> the<00:32:03.200> whole<00:32:03.440> thing<00:32:03.679> work 00:32:04.149 --> 00:32:04.159 align:start position:0% make the whole thing work 00:32:04.159 --> 00:32:07.350 align:start position:0% make the whole thing work for<00:32:04.559> some<00:32:04.799> purpose<00:32:05.760> and<00:32:06.559> of<00:32:06.640> course<00:32:06.880> a<00:32:07.039> huge 00:32:07.350 --> 00:32:07.360 align:start position:0% for some purpose and of course a huge 00:32:07.360 --> 00:32:09.269 align:start position:0% for some purpose and of course a huge field<00:32:07.919> in<00:32:08.080> that<00:32:08.399> is<00:32:08.640> the<00:32:08.720> field<00:32:08.960> of<00:32:09.039> human 00:32:09.269 --> 00:32:09.279 align:start position:0% field in that is the field of human 00:32:09.279 --> 00:32:10.630 align:start position:0% field in that is the field of human robot<00:32:09.679> interaction 00:32:10.630 --> 00:32:10.640 align:start position:0% robot interaction 00:32:10.640 --> 00:32:12.470 align:start position:0% robot interaction in<00:32:10.720> which<00:32:10.880> i'm<00:32:11.039> not<00:32:11.200> an<00:32:11.360> expert<00:32:11.760> at<00:32:11.919> all<00:32:12.159> but 00:32:12.470 --> 00:32:12.480 align:start position:0% in which i'm not an expert at all but 00:32:12.480 --> 00:32:14.310 align:start position:0% in which i'm not an expert at all but but<00:32:12.720> it's<00:32:12.960> a<00:32:13.200> it's<00:32:13.360> an<00:32:13.519> important<00:32:13.919> field 00:32:14.310 --> 00:32:14.320 align:start position:0% but it's a it's an important field 00:32:14.320 --> 00:32:17.509 align:start position:0% but it's a it's an important field because<00:32:15.120> it<00:32:15.440> simultaneously<00:32:16.480> asks<00:32:17.120> the<00:32:17.279> other 00:32:17.509 --> 00:32:17.519 align:start position:0% because it simultaneously asks the other 00:32:17.519 --> 00:32:18.870 align:start position:0% because it simultaneously asks the other question<00:32:17.919> which<00:32:18.159> is 00:32:18.870 --> 00:32:18.880 align:start position:0% question which is 00:32:18.880 --> 00:32:21.350 align:start position:0% question which is how<00:32:19.360> how<00:32:19.519> are<00:32:19.679> robots<00:32:20.159> to<00:32:20.320> be<00:32:20.799> how<00:32:21.039> how<00:32:21.200> should 00:32:21.350 --> 00:32:21.360 align:start position:0% how how are robots to be how how should 00:32:21.360 --> 00:32:22.630 align:start position:0% how how are robots to be how how should they<00:32:21.519> interact<00:32:22.000> with<00:32:22.159> people 00:32:22.630 --> 00:32:22.640 align:start position:0% they interact with people 00:32:22.640 --> 00:32:25.590 align:start position:0% they interact with people right<00:32:23.279> and<00:32:23.600> how<00:32:23.760> do<00:32:23.840> you<00:32:24.000> design<00:32:24.640> for<00:32:24.799> that<00:32:25.360> for 00:32:25.590 --> 00:32:25.600 align:start position:0% right and how do you design for that for 00:32:25.600 --> 00:32:25.909 align:start position:0% right and how do you design for that for that 00:32:25.909 --> 00:32:25.919 align:start position:0% that 00:32:25.919 --> 00:32:27.190 align:start position:0% that right<00:32:26.159> i<00:32:26.240> mean<00:32:26.320> how<00:32:26.480> do<00:32:26.559> you<00:32:26.720> how<00:32:26.880> do<00:32:26.960> you<00:32:27.039> take 00:32:27.190 --> 00:32:27.200 align:start position:0% right i mean how do you how do you take 00:32:27.200 --> 00:32:29.110 align:start position:0% right i mean how do you how do you take a<00:32:27.279> principled<00:32:27.679> view<00:32:27.919> of<00:32:28.000> that<00:32:28.320> and<00:32:28.480> there's<00:32:28.799> a 00:32:29.110 --> 00:32:29.120 align:start position:0% a principled view of that and there's a 00:32:29.120 --> 00:32:31.350 align:start position:0% a principled view of that and there's a huge<00:32:29.440> upsurge<00:32:29.919> of<00:32:30.000> activity<00:32:30.399> in<00:32:30.480> that<00:32:30.720> area 00:32:31.350 --> 00:32:31.360 align:start position:0% huge upsurge of activity in that area 00:32:31.360 --> 00:32:33.669 align:start position:0% huge upsurge of activity in that area and<00:32:31.760> i<00:32:32.000> i<00:32:32.320> don't<00:32:32.480> know<00:32:32.640> much<00:32:32.799> about<00:32:33.120> it<00:32:33.200> but<00:32:33.360> i 00:32:33.669 --> 00:32:33.679 align:start position:0% and i i don't know much about it but i 00:32:33.679 --> 00:32:35.350 align:start position:0% and i i don't know much about it but i but<00:32:33.840> i<00:32:34.080> what<00:32:34.240> i<00:32:34.320> read<00:32:34.559> about<00:32:34.720> it<00:32:34.880> and<00:32:35.039> i<00:32:35.120> follow 00:32:35.350 --> 00:32:35.360 align:start position:0% but i what i read about it and i follow 00:32:35.360 --> 00:32:37.509 align:start position:0% but i what i read about it and i follow it<00:32:35.519> and<00:32:35.679> then<00:32:35.840> it's<00:32:36.080> a<00:32:36.559> it's<00:32:36.799> a<00:32:36.960> tremendously 00:32:37.509 --> 00:32:37.519 align:start position:0% it and then it's a it's a tremendously 00:32:37.519 --> 00:32:38.389 align:start position:0% it and then it's a it's a tremendously important<00:32:37.919> area 00:32:38.389 --> 00:32:38.399 align:start position:0% important area 00:32:38.399 --> 00:32:41.590 align:start position:0% important area so<00:32:39.440> so<00:32:39.679> there<00:32:39.919> are<00:32:40.240> several<00:32:40.720> i<00:32:40.880> think<00:32:41.120> such 00:32:41.590 --> 00:32:41.600 align:start position:0% so so there are several i think such 00:32:41.600 --> 00:32:44.630 align:start position:0% so so there are several i think such such<00:32:41.919> areas<00:32:42.880> um<00:32:43.919> and<00:32:44.080> now<00:32:44.320> i<00:32:44.399> think 00:32:44.630 --> 00:32:44.640 align:start position:0% such areas um and now i think 00:32:44.640 --> 00:32:46.470 align:start position:0% such areas um and now i think increasingly<00:32:45.360> roboticists<00:32:46.240> many 00:32:46.470 --> 00:32:46.480 align:start position:0% increasingly roboticists many 00:32:46.480 --> 00:32:47.750 align:start position:0% increasingly roboticists many roboticists 00:32:47.750 --> 00:32:47.760 align:start position:0% roboticists 00:32:47.760 --> 00:32:50.870 align:start position:0% roboticists see<00:32:48.960> this<00:32:49.200> very<00:32:49.440> interesting<00:32:50.000> confluence<00:32:50.640> of 00:32:50.870 --> 00:32:50.880 align:start position:0% see this very interesting confluence of 00:32:50.880 --> 00:32:51.990 align:start position:0% see this very interesting confluence of communication 00:32:51.990 --> 00:32:52.000 align:start position:0% communication 00:32:52.000 --> 00:32:57.029 align:start position:0% communication computation<00:32:53.200> sensing<00:32:54.320> and<00:32:54.840> actuation 00:32:57.029 --> 00:32:57.039 align:start position:0% computation sensing and actuation 00:32:57.039 --> 00:32:59.029 align:start position:0% computation sensing and actuation and<00:32:57.200> when<00:32:57.360> i<00:32:57.440> began<00:32:57.760> as<00:32:57.919> a<00:32:57.919> roboticist<00:32:58.640> me 00:32:59.029 --> 00:32:59.039 align:start position:0% and when i began as a roboticist me 00:32:59.039 --> 00:33:00.310 align:start position:0% and when i began as a roboticist me about<00:32:59.279> 20<00:32:59.519> odd<00:32:59.679> years<00:32:59.919> ago 00:33:00.310 --> 00:33:00.320 align:start position:0% about 20 odd years ago 00:33:00.320 --> 00:33:03.190 align:start position:0% about 20 odd years ago communication<00:33:01.039> wasn't<00:33:01.519> much<00:33:01.840> on<00:33:01.919> the<00:33:02.000> picture 00:33:03.190 --> 00:33:03.200 align:start position:0% communication wasn't much on the picture 00:33:03.200 --> 00:33:04.310 align:start position:0% communication wasn't much on the picture right<00:33:03.440> so<00:33:03.679> in<00:33:03.760> terms<00:33:04.000> of<00:33:04.080> sort<00:33:04.240> of 00:33:04.310 --> 00:33:04.320 align:start position:0% right so in terms of sort of 00:33:04.320 --> 00:33:05.750 align:start position:0% right so in terms of sort of fundamentally 00:33:05.750 --> 00:33:05.760 align:start position:0% fundamentally 00:33:05.760 --> 00:33:08.789 align:start position:0% fundamentally technologically<00:33:06.720> what<00:33:06.960> has<00:33:07.120> changed<00:33:07.679> is 00:33:08.789 --> 00:33:08.799 align:start position:0% technologically what has changed is 00:33:08.799 --> 00:33:10.389 align:start position:0% technologically what has changed is it<00:33:08.880> was<00:33:09.120> rare<00:33:09.360> to<00:33:09.440> have<00:33:09.600> robots<00:33:10.000> that<00:33:10.159> had 00:33:10.389 --> 00:33:10.399 align:start position:0% it was rare to have robots that had 00:33:10.399 --> 00:33:12.549 align:start position:0% it was rare to have robots that had really<00:33:10.799> small<00:33:11.440> working 00:33:12.549 --> 00:33:12.559 align:start position:0% really small working 00:33:12.559 --> 00:33:14.789 align:start position:0% really small working radios<00:33:13.360> and<00:33:13.679> it<00:33:13.840> was<00:33:14.000> rare<00:33:14.240> to<00:33:14.320> think<00:33:14.559> of<00:33:14.720> a 00:33:14.789 --> 00:33:14.799 align:start position:0% radios and it was rare to think of a 00:33:14.799 --> 00:33:16.470 align:start position:0% radios and it was rare to think of a multi-robot<00:33:15.360> system<00:33:15.760> where 00:33:16.470 --> 00:33:16.480 align:start position:0% multi-robot system where 00:33:16.480 --> 00:33:19.269 align:start position:0% multi-robot system where the<00:33:16.880> communication<00:33:17.679> was<00:33:18.240> was<00:33:18.799> was<00:33:19.120> as 00:33:19.269 --> 00:33:19.279 align:start position:0% the communication was was was as 00:33:19.279 --> 00:33:21.750 align:start position:0% the communication was was was as effective<00:33:19.760> as<00:33:20.000> as<00:33:20.240> it<00:33:20.320> would<00:33:20.480> be<00:33:20.640> today 00:33:21.750 --> 00:33:21.760 align:start position:0% effective as as it would be today 00:33:21.760 --> 00:33:23.269 align:start position:0% effective as as it would be today and<00:33:21.919> that<00:33:22.080> has<00:33:22.320> changed<00:33:22.640> right<00:33:22.880> sort<00:33:23.039> of 00:33:23.269 --> 00:33:23.279 align:start position:0% and that has changed right sort of 00:33:23.279 --> 00:33:25.190 align:start position:0% and that has changed right sort of consumer<00:33:23.760> grade<00:33:24.320> small 00:33:25.190 --> 00:33:25.200 align:start position:0% consumer grade small 00:33:25.200 --> 00:33:27.990 align:start position:0% consumer grade small communication<00:33:26.399> is<00:33:26.720> is<00:33:26.960> everywhere<00:33:27.600> right<00:33:27.840> so 00:33:27.990 --> 00:33:28.000 align:start position:0% communication is is everywhere right so 00:33:28.000 --> 00:33:28.389 align:start position:0% communication is is everywhere right so the 00:33:28.389 --> 00:33:28.399 align:start position:0% the 00:33:28.399 --> 00:33:30.549 align:start position:0% the the<00:33:28.559> cell<00:33:28.799> phone<00:33:29.039> explosion<00:33:29.519> has<00:33:29.679> happened<00:33:30.159> in 00:33:30.549 --> 00:33:30.559 align:start position:0% the cell phone explosion has happened in 00:33:30.559 --> 00:33:31.990 align:start position:0% the cell phone explosion has happened in exactly<00:33:30.960> the<00:33:31.039> period<00:33:31.279> of<00:33:31.440> time<00:33:31.679> that<00:33:31.840> i'm 00:33:31.990 --> 00:33:32.000 align:start position:0% exactly the period of time that i'm 00:33:32.000 --> 00:33:33.990 align:start position:0% exactly the period of time that i'm talking<00:33:32.240> about<00:33:32.399> in<00:33:32.480> the<00:33:32.559> last<00:33:32.799> 20<00:33:33.039> years 00:33:33.990 --> 00:33:34.000 align:start position:0% talking about in the last 20 years 00:33:34.000 --> 00:33:37.029 align:start position:0% talking about in the last 20 years and<00:33:34.080> so<00:33:35.600> i<00:33:35.840> i<00:33:36.159> very<00:33:36.399> often<00:33:36.720> even<00:33:36.880> as<00:33:36.960> a 00:33:37.029 --> 00:33:37.039 align:start position:0% and so i i very often even as a 00:33:37.039 --> 00:33:38.870 align:start position:0% and so i i very often even as a multi-robot<00:33:37.840> researcher<00:33:38.399> in<00:33:38.480> the<00:33:38.640> early 00:33:38.870 --> 00:33:38.880 align:start position:0% multi-robot researcher in the early 00:33:38.880 --> 00:33:40.549 align:start position:0% multi-robot researcher in the early 1990s<00:33:39.679> thought<00:33:39.919> about 00:33:40.549 --> 00:33:40.559 align:start position:0% 1990s thought about 00:33:40.559 --> 00:33:42.789 align:start position:0% 1990s thought about multiple<00:33:40.960> robots<00:33:42.000> each<00:33:42.240> of<00:33:42.320> which<00:33:42.559> had 00:33:42.789 --> 00:33:42.799 align:start position:0% multiple robots each of which had 00:33:42.799 --> 00:33:44.149 align:start position:0% multiple robots each of which had sensing<00:33:43.519> and 00:33:44.149 --> 00:33:44.159 align:start position:0% sensing and 00:33:44.159 --> 00:33:46.870 align:start position:0% sensing and each<00:33:44.399> of<00:33:44.480> which<00:33:44.720> could<00:33:44.960> command<00:33:45.679> motions<00:33:46.399> and 00:33:46.870 --> 00:33:46.880 align:start position:0% each of which could command motions and 00:33:46.880 --> 00:33:47.350 align:start position:0% each of which could command motions and each 00:33:47.350 --> 00:33:47.360 align:start position:0% each 00:33:47.360 --> 00:33:49.029 align:start position:0% each each<00:33:47.600> robot<00:33:48.000> had<00:33:48.399> computational 00:33:49.029 --> 00:33:49.039 align:start position:0% each robot had computational 00:33:49.039 --> 00:33:51.269 align:start position:0% each robot had computational capabilities<00:33:50.240> and<00:33:50.320> yes<00:33:50.559> they<00:33:50.720> communicated 00:33:51.269 --> 00:33:51.279 align:start position:0% capabilities and yes they communicated 00:33:51.279 --> 00:33:52.070 align:start position:0% capabilities and yes they communicated with<00:33:51.440> each<00:33:51.600> other 00:33:52.070 --> 00:33:52.080 align:start position:0% with each other 00:33:52.080 --> 00:33:53.830 align:start position:0% with each other and<00:33:52.240> sometimes<00:33:52.640> they<00:33:52.799> didn't<00:33:53.440> but<00:33:53.600> i<00:33:53.679> didn't 00:33:53.830 --> 00:33:53.840 align:start position:0% and sometimes they didn't but i didn't 00:33:53.840 --> 00:33:55.509 align:start position:0% and sometimes they didn't but i didn't think<00:33:54.000> very<00:33:54.240> actively<00:33:54.640> about<00:33:54.960> the 00:33:55.509 --> 00:33:55.519 align:start position:0% think very actively about the 00:33:55.519 --> 00:33:57.350 align:start position:0% think very actively about the radio<00:33:56.000> i<00:33:56.080> didn't<00:33:56.240> think<00:33:56.480> very<00:33:56.720> actively<00:33:57.120> about 00:33:57.350 --> 00:33:57.360 align:start position:0% radio i didn't think very actively about 00:33:57.360 --> 00:33:59.110 align:start position:0% radio i didn't think very actively about the<00:33:57.519> communication<00:33:58.080> systems 00:33:59.110 --> 00:33:59.120 align:start position:0% the communication systems 00:33:59.120 --> 00:34:02.389 align:start position:0% the communication systems and<00:33:59.840> uh<00:34:00.480> much<00:34:00.720> of<00:34:00.799> my<00:34:00.960> work<00:34:01.200> in<00:34:01.360> the<00:34:01.440> late<00:34:01.679> 1990s 00:34:02.389 --> 00:34:02.399 align:start position:0% and uh much of my work in the late 1990s 00:34:02.399 --> 00:34:04.630 align:start position:0% and uh much of my work in the late 1990s in<00:34:02.480> the<00:34:02.640> early<00:34:02.960> part<00:34:03.200> of<00:34:03.360> the<00:34:03.600> past<00:34:03.840> decade 00:34:04.630 --> 00:34:04.640 align:start position:0% in the early part of the past decade 00:34:04.640 --> 00:34:07.430 align:start position:0% in the early part of the past decade was<00:34:05.120> on<00:34:05.440> network<00:34:05.919> robots<00:34:06.480> on<00:34:06.640> robots<00:34:07.120> which 00:34:07.430 --> 00:34:07.440 align:start position:0% was on network robots on robots which 00:34:07.440 --> 00:34:09.510 align:start position:0% was on network robots on robots which explicitly<00:34:08.159> used<00:34:08.639> communication 00:34:09.510 --> 00:34:09.520 align:start position:0% explicitly used communication 00:34:09.520 --> 00:34:11.270 align:start position:0% explicitly used communication in<00:34:09.679> interesting<00:34:10.079> ways<00:34:10.480> to<00:34:10.639> coordinate<00:34:11.040> their 00:34:11.270 --> 00:34:11.280 align:start position:0% in interesting ways to coordinate their 00:34:11.280 --> 00:34:12.710 align:start position:0% in interesting ways to coordinate their activity<00:34:12.240> and 00:34:12.710 --> 00:34:12.720 align:start position:0% activity and 00:34:12.720 --> 00:34:14.550 align:start position:0% activity and robots<00:34:13.119> that<00:34:13.280> had<00:34:13.599> models<00:34:14.079> of<00:34:14.240> how 00:34:14.550 --> 00:34:14.560 align:start position:0% robots that had models of how 00:34:14.560 --> 00:34:16.389 align:start position:0% robots that had models of how communication<00:34:15.200> was<00:34:15.440> likely<00:34:15.839> to<00:34:16.000> work<00:34:16.320> in 00:34:16.389 --> 00:34:16.399 align:start position:0% communication was likely to work in 00:34:16.399 --> 00:34:17.669 align:start position:0% communication was likely to work in certain<00:34:16.800> areas 00:34:17.669 --> 00:34:17.679 align:start position:0% certain areas 00:34:17.679 --> 00:34:20.310 align:start position:0% certain areas and<00:34:17.919> use<00:34:18.240> that<00:34:18.560> proactively<00:34:19.520> in<00:34:19.679> the<00:34:19.919> planning 00:34:20.310 --> 00:34:20.320 align:start position:0% and use that proactively in the planning 00:34:20.320 --> 00:34:22.470 align:start position:0% and use that proactively in the planning that<00:34:20.480> they<00:34:20.639> did<00:34:20.879> to<00:34:20.960> do<00:34:21.119> certain<00:34:21.440> activities 00:34:22.470 --> 00:34:22.480 align:start position:0% that they did to do certain activities 00:34:22.480 --> 00:34:25.750 align:start position:0% that they did to do certain activities so<00:34:24.240> so<00:34:24.399> i<00:34:24.480> used<00:34:24.639> to<00:34:24.720> work<00:34:24.960> in<00:34:25.040> this<00:34:25.359> network 00:34:25.750 --> 00:34:25.760 align:start position:0% so so i used to work in this network 00:34:25.760 --> 00:34:28.230 align:start position:0% so so i used to work in this network robot<00:34:26.240> area<00:34:26.639> in<00:34:26.800> multi-robot<00:34:27.440> systems<00:34:27.919> and<00:34:28.000> i 00:34:28.230 --> 00:34:28.240 align:start position:0% robot area in multi-robot systems and i 00:34:28.240 --> 00:34:29.909 align:start position:0% robot area in multi-robot systems and i believe<00:34:28.560> it<00:34:28.720> still<00:34:28.879> remains<00:34:29.280> a<00:34:29.359> challenge 00:34:29.909 --> 00:34:29.919 align:start position:0% believe it still remains a challenge 00:34:29.919 --> 00:34:33.829 align:start position:0% believe it still remains a challenge because<00:34:30.320> there's<00:34:30.879> increasingly<00:34:31.599> sort<00:34:31.760> of 00:34:33.829 --> 00:34:33.839 align:start position:0% because there's increasingly sort of 00:34:33.839 --> 00:34:35.750 align:start position:0% because there's increasingly sort of environments<00:34:34.480> in<00:34:34.639> which<00:34:34.960> in<00:34:35.040> which<00:34:35.440> in<00:34:35.599> which 00:34:35.750 --> 00:34:35.760 align:start position:0% environments in which in which in which 00:34:35.760 --> 00:34:36.950 align:start position:0% environments in which in which in which one<00:34:35.919> can<00:34:36.240> one<00:34:36.399> can 00:34:36.950 --> 00:34:36.960 align:start position:0% one can one can 00:34:36.960 --> 00:34:38.629 align:start position:0% one can one can think<00:34:37.200> of<00:34:37.280> several<00:34:37.599> problems<00:34:38.000> that<00:34:38.159> are<00:34:38.320> open 00:34:38.629 --> 00:34:38.639 align:start position:0% think of several problems that are open 00:34:38.639 --> 00:34:39.990 align:start position:0% think of several problems that are open in<00:34:38.720> this<00:34:38.960> area 00:34:39.990 --> 00:34:40.000 align:start position:0% in this area 00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:43.190 align:start position:0% in this area and<00:34:40.159> now<00:34:40.399> of<00:34:40.480> course<00:34:41.119> uh<00:34:42.159> one<00:34:42.480> example<00:34:42.960> of<00:34:43.040> that 00:34:43.190 --> 00:34:43.200 align:start position:0% and now of course uh one example of that 00:34:43.200 --> 00:34:44.790 align:start position:0% and now of course uh one example of that of<00:34:43.280> course<00:34:43.520> is<00:34:43.599> doing<00:34:43.839> network<00:34:44.240> robots<00:34:44.639> in<00:34:44.720> the 00:34:44.790 --> 00:34:44.800 align:start position:0% of course is doing network robots in the 00:34:44.800 --> 00:34:45.349 align:start position:0% of course is doing network robots in the water 00:34:45.349 --> 00:34:45.359 align:start position:0% water 00:34:45.359 --> 00:34:47.109 align:start position:0% water the<00:34:45.440> kind<00:34:45.679> of<00:34:45.760> thing<00:34:46.000> we<00:34:46.159> do<00:34:46.399> but<00:34:46.639> there's 00:34:47.109 --> 00:34:47.119 align:start position:0% the kind of thing we do but there's 00:34:47.119 --> 00:34:48.950 align:start position:0% the kind of thing we do but there's other<00:34:47.359> areas<00:34:47.760> in<00:34:47.839> which<00:34:48.240> in<00:34:48.320> which 00:34:48.950 --> 00:34:48.960 align:start position:0% other areas in which in which 00:34:48.960 --> 00:34:50.550 align:start position:0% other areas in which in which networking<00:34:49.520> and<00:34:49.599> robotics<00:34:50.079> is<00:34:50.159> sort<00:34:50.399> of 00:34:50.550 --> 00:34:50.560 align:start position:0% networking and robotics is sort of 00:34:50.560 --> 00:34:52.470 align:start position:0% networking and robotics is sort of there's<00:34:50.800> been<00:34:51.200> this<00:34:51.520> very<00:34:51.760> interesting<00:34:52.240> area 00:34:52.470 --> 00:34:52.480 align:start position:0% there's been this very interesting area 00:34:52.480 --> 00:34:53.510 align:start position:0% there's been this very interesting area that<00:34:52.960> that's 00:34:53.510 --> 00:34:53.520 align:start position:0% that that's 00:34:53.520 --> 00:34:55.909 align:start position:0% that that's come<00:34:53.679> into<00:34:53.839> being<00:34:54.159> in<00:34:54.240> the<00:34:54.320> last<00:34:54.560> decade 00:34:55.909 --> 00:34:55.919 align:start position:0% come into being in the last decade 00:34:55.919 --> 00:34:57.510 align:start position:0% come into being in the last decade robocop<00:34:56.480> is<00:34:56.560> a<00:34:56.639> great<00:34:56.879> example<00:34:57.280> right<00:34:57.440> and 00:34:57.510 --> 00:34:57.520 align:start position:0% robocop is a great example right and 00:34:57.520 --> 00:34:59.270 align:start position:0% robocop is a great example right and robocup<00:34:58.000> combines<00:34:58.400> something<00:34:58.720> else<00:34:58.960> with<00:34:59.119> it 00:34:59.270 --> 00:34:59.280 align:start position:0% robocup combines something else with it 00:34:59.280 --> 00:35:01.430 align:start position:0% robocup combines something else with it it<00:34:59.599> also<00:34:59.839> combines<00:35:00.240> a<00:35:00.480> game<00:35:00.720> theoretic 00:35:01.430 --> 00:35:01.440 align:start position:0% it also combines a game theoretic 00:35:01.440 --> 00:35:03.430 align:start position:0% it also combines a game theoretic sort<00:35:01.599> of<00:35:02.000> problem<00:35:02.320> right<00:35:02.480> so<00:35:02.640> there's<00:35:03.119> game 00:35:03.430 --> 00:35:03.440 align:start position:0% sort of problem right so there's game 00:35:03.440 --> 00:35:05.430 align:start position:0% sort of problem right so there's game strategy<00:35:04.000> on<00:35:04.160> top<00:35:04.400> of<00:35:04.560> everything<00:35:04.960> else<00:35:05.200> right 00:35:05.430 --> 00:35:05.440 align:start position:0% strategy on top of everything else right 00:35:05.440 --> 00:35:06.069 align:start position:0% strategy on top of everything else right so 00:35:06.069 --> 00:35:06.079 align:start position:0% so 00:35:06.079 --> 00:35:07.829 align:start position:0% so there's<00:35:06.320> an<00:35:06.560> adversary<00:35:07.119> who's<00:35:07.440> trying<00:35:07.599> to<00:35:07.680> do 00:35:07.829 --> 00:35:07.839 align:start position:0% there's an adversary who's trying to do 00:35:07.839 --> 00:35:09.430 align:start position:0% there's an adversary who's trying to do something<00:35:08.160> different<00:35:08.640> in<00:35:08.720> the<00:35:08.880> environment 00:35:09.430 --> 00:35:09.440 align:start position:0% something different in the environment 00:35:09.440 --> 00:35:09.829 align:start position:0% something different in the environment so 00:35:09.829 --> 00:35:09.839 align:start position:0% so 00:35:09.839 --> 00:35:11.990 align:start position:0% so trying<00:35:10.000> to<00:35:10.160> oppose<00:35:10.560> you<00:35:10.800> in<00:35:10.880> fact<00:35:11.440> and<00:35:11.599> so<00:35:11.839> so 00:35:11.990 --> 00:35:12.000 align:start position:0% trying to oppose you in fact and so so 00:35:12.000 --> 00:35:15.510 align:start position:0% trying to oppose you in fact and so so that's<00:35:12.240> another<00:35:12.640> level<00:35:12.880> of<00:35:12.960> complexity 00:35:15.510 --> 00:35:15.520 align:start position:0% that's another level of complexity 00:35:15.520 --> 00:35:18.870 align:start position:0% that's another level of complexity and<00:35:16.160> and<00:35:16.320> so<00:35:17.200> but<00:35:17.359> that<00:35:17.640> commoditization 00:35:18.870 --> 00:35:18.880 align:start position:0% and and so but that commoditization 00:35:18.880 --> 00:35:22.710 align:start position:0% and and so but that commoditization of<00:35:19.680> of<00:35:20.320> small<00:35:20.800> computation<00:35:21.839> communication 00:35:22.710 --> 00:35:22.720 align:start position:0% of of small computation communication 00:35:22.720 --> 00:35:25.109 align:start position:0% of of small computation communication sensing<00:35:23.119> and<00:35:23.280> actuation<00:35:24.079> has<00:35:24.400> also<00:35:24.640> led<00:35:24.880> to<00:35:25.040> an 00:35:25.109 --> 00:35:25.119 align:start position:0% sensing and actuation has also led to an 00:35:25.119 --> 00:35:27.030 align:start position:0% sensing and actuation has also led to an explosion<00:35:25.760> of<00:35:25.920> more<00:35:26.160> easily<00:35:26.560> accessible 00:35:27.030 --> 00:35:27.040 align:start position:0% explosion of more easily accessible 00:35:27.040 --> 00:35:28.790 align:start position:0% explosion of more easily accessible robot<00:35:27.440> platforms<00:35:28.000> and<00:35:28.079> robocop<00:35:28.480> is<00:35:28.560> a<00:35:28.640> good 00:35:28.790 --> 00:35:28.800 align:start position:0% robot platforms and robocop is a good 00:35:28.800 --> 00:35:29.670 align:start position:0% robot platforms and robocop is a good example<00:35:29.200> of<00:35:29.280> that 00:35:29.670 --> 00:35:29.680 align:start position:0% example of that 00:35:29.680 --> 00:35:31.589 align:start position:0% example of that so<00:35:29.839> it's<00:35:29.920> just<00:35:30.079> got<00:35:30.240> a<00:35:30.320> lot<00:35:30.560> more<00:35:30.800> people<00:35:31.359> with 00:35:31.589 --> 00:35:31.599 align:start position:0% so it's just got a lot more people with 00:35:31.599 --> 00:35:32.950 align:start position:0% so it's just got a lot more people with their<00:35:31.680> hands<00:35:31.920> and<00:35:32.079> robots<00:35:32.480> being<00:35:32.720> able<00:35:32.880> to 00:35:32.950 --> 00:35:32.960 align:start position:0% their hands and robots being able to 00:35:32.960 --> 00:35:34.310 align:start position:0% their hands and robots being able to program<00:35:33.280> them<00:35:33.520> which<00:35:33.680> is<00:35:33.760> a<00:35:33.839> very<00:35:34.000> healthy 00:35:34.310 --> 00:35:34.320 align:start position:0% program them which is a very healthy 00:35:34.320 --> 00:35:35.750 align:start position:0% program them which is a very healthy thing<00:35:34.640> which<00:35:34.880> is<00:35:34.960> a<00:35:34.960> very<00:35:35.119> good<00:35:35.280> thing<00:35:35.520> in<00:35:35.599> my 00:35:35.750 --> 00:35:35.760 align:start position:0% thing which is a very good thing in my 00:35:35.760 --> 00:35:37.270 align:start position:0% thing which is a very good thing in my opinion 00:35:37.270 --> 00:35:37.280 align:start position:0% opinion 00:35:37.280 --> 00:35:38.230 align:start position:0% opinion what<00:35:37.440> do<00:35:37.520> you<00:35:37.599> think<00:35:37.760> are<00:35:37.839> the<00:35:37.920> biggest 00:35:38.230 --> 00:35:38.240 align:start position:0% what do you think are the biggest 00:35:38.240 --> 00:35:43.750 align:start position:0% what do you think are the biggest challenges<00:35:38.800> facing<00:35:39.200> robotics 00:35:43.750 --> 00:35:43.760 align:start position:0% 00:35:43.760 --> 00:35:46.470 align:start position:0% robotics<00:35:44.240> is<00:35:44.480> a<00:35:44.880> in<00:35:45.280> some<00:35:45.520> ways<00:35:45.760> an<00:35:45.920> amorphous 00:35:46.470 --> 00:35:46.480 align:start position:0% robotics is a in some ways an amorphous 00:35:46.480 --> 00:35:47.190 align:start position:0% robotics is a in some ways an amorphous field 00:35:47.190 --> 00:35:47.200 align:start position:0% field 00:35:47.200 --> 00:35:51.030 align:start position:0% field and<00:35:47.680> it<00:35:48.000> has<00:35:48.160> tremendous<00:35:48.640> reach<00:35:49.920> um 00:35:51.030 --> 00:35:51.040 align:start position:0% and it has tremendous reach um 00:35:51.040 --> 00:35:52.550 align:start position:0% and it has tremendous reach um it<00:35:51.200> makes<00:35:51.440> the<00:35:51.520> question<00:35:51.920> a<00:35:52.000> bit<00:35:52.160> hard<00:35:52.400> to 00:35:52.550 --> 00:35:52.560 align:start position:0% it makes the question a bit hard to 00:35:52.560 --> 00:35:56.829 align:start position:0% it makes the question a bit hard to answer<00:35:54.000> uh 00:35:56.829 --> 00:35:56.839 align:start position:0% 00:35:56.839 --> 00:35:59.750 align:start position:0% uh 00:35:59.750 --> 00:35:59.760 align:start position:0% uh 00:35:59.760 --> 00:36:02.550 align:start position:0% uh to<00:35:59.920> me<00:36:00.560> now<00:36:00.800> you<00:36:00.960> know<00:36:01.599> this<00:36:01.760> is<00:36:01.920> a<00:36:02.000> biased<00:36:02.320> view 00:36:02.550 --> 00:36:02.560 align:start position:0% to me now you know this is a biased view 00:36:02.560 --> 00:36:05.349 align:start position:0% to me now you know this is a biased view obviously<00:36:03.040> but<00:36:03.200> to<00:36:03.359> me<00:36:03.520> robotics<00:36:04.000> is<00:36:04.160> almost<00:36:04.480> a 00:36:05.349 --> 00:36:05.359 align:start position:0% obviously but to me robotics is almost a 00:36:05.359 --> 00:36:08.150 align:start position:0% obviously but to me robotics is almost a a<00:36:06.079> there's<00:36:06.480> virtually<00:36:07.280> there<00:36:07.440> are<00:36:07.599> very<00:36:07.920> few 00:36:08.150 --> 00:36:08.160 align:start position:0% a there's virtually there are very few 00:36:08.160 --> 00:36:09.910 align:start position:0% a there's virtually there are very few exceptions<00:36:08.640> but<00:36:08.800> there's<00:36:08.960> virtually<00:36:09.440> no<00:36:09.680> area 00:36:09.910 --> 00:36:09.920 align:start position:0% exceptions but there's virtually no area 00:36:09.920 --> 00:36:11.109 align:start position:0% exceptions but there's virtually no area of<00:36:10.160> engineering 00:36:11.109 --> 00:36:11.119 align:start position:0% of engineering 00:36:11.119 --> 00:36:14.310 align:start position:0% of engineering that<00:36:11.359> is<00:36:11.440> not<00:36:11.680> touched<00:36:12.240> by<00:36:12.400> robotics 00:36:14.310 --> 00:36:14.320 align:start position:0% that is not touched by robotics 00:36:14.320 --> 00:36:16.710 align:start position:0% that is not touched by robotics you<00:36:14.400> know<00:36:14.560> if<00:36:14.720> you<00:36:14.880> enter<00:36:16.240> the<00:36:16.400> school<00:36:16.560> of 00:36:16.710 --> 00:36:16.720 align:start position:0% you know if you enter the school of 00:36:16.720 --> 00:36:17.990 align:start position:0% you know if you enter the school of engineering<00:36:17.119> as<00:36:17.280> a<00:36:17.359> freshman 00:36:17.990 --> 00:36:18.000 align:start position:0% engineering as a freshman 00:36:18.000 --> 00:36:19.670 align:start position:0% engineering as a freshman and<00:36:18.320> you<00:36:18.560> don't<00:36:18.800> quite<00:36:18.960> know<00:36:19.119> what<00:36:19.280> kind<00:36:19.520> of 00:36:19.670 --> 00:36:19.680 align:start position:0% and you don't quite know what kind of 00:36:19.680 --> 00:36:21.670 align:start position:0% and you don't quite know what kind of engineering<00:36:20.160> you<00:36:20.320> want<00:36:20.480> to<00:36:20.640> do 00:36:21.670 --> 00:36:21.680 align:start position:0% engineering you want to do 00:36:21.680 --> 00:36:23.109 align:start position:0% engineering you want to do i<00:36:21.760> would<00:36:21.920> recommend<00:36:22.320> you<00:36:22.400> take<00:36:22.560> a<00:36:22.640> robotics 00:36:23.109 --> 00:36:23.119 align:start position:0% i would recommend you take a robotics 00:36:23.119 --> 00:36:25.190 align:start position:0% i would recommend you take a robotics course<00:36:24.320> because<00:36:24.560> you<00:36:24.720> will<00:36:24.880> see<00:36:25.040> some 00:36:25.190 --> 00:36:25.200 align:start position:0% course because you will see some 00:36:25.200 --> 00:36:26.150 align:start position:0% course because you will see some electrical<00:36:25.680> engineering 00:36:26.150 --> 00:36:26.160 align:start position:0% electrical engineering 00:36:26.160 --> 00:36:27.670 align:start position:0% electrical engineering and<00:36:26.320> some<00:36:26.480> computer<00:36:26.880> engineering<00:36:27.440> and<00:36:27.520> some 00:36:27.670 --> 00:36:27.680 align:start position:0% and some computer engineering and some 00:36:27.680 --> 00:36:29.349 align:start position:0% and some computer engineering and some computer<00:36:28.079> science<00:36:28.560> and<00:36:28.640> some<00:36:28.800> mechanical 00:36:29.349 --> 00:36:29.359 align:start position:0% computer science and some mechanical 00:36:29.359 --> 00:36:30.470 align:start position:0% computer science and some mechanical engineering 00:36:30.470 --> 00:36:30.480 align:start position:0% engineering 00:36:30.480 --> 00:36:32.550 align:start position:0% engineering and<00:36:30.800> you<00:36:31.119> may<00:36:31.359> even<00:36:31.680> see<00:36:31.920> some<00:36:32.160> chemical 00:36:32.550 --> 00:36:32.560 align:start position:0% and you may even see some chemical 00:36:32.560 --> 00:36:34.310 align:start position:0% and you may even see some chemical engineering<00:36:33.040> occasionally<00:36:33.760> and 00:36:34.310 --> 00:36:34.320 align:start position:0% engineering occasionally and 00:36:34.320 --> 00:36:35.670 align:start position:0% engineering occasionally and you<00:36:34.400> will<00:36:34.560> certainly<00:36:34.880> see<00:36:35.040> some<00:36:35.200> biomedical 00:36:35.670 --> 00:36:35.680 align:start position:0% you will certainly see some biomedical 00:36:35.680 --> 00:36:37.910 align:start position:0% you will certainly see some biomedical engineering<00:36:37.119> it<00:36:37.359> might<00:36:37.599> be 00:36:37.910 --> 00:36:37.920 align:start position:0% engineering it might be 00:36:37.920 --> 00:36:39.910 align:start position:0% engineering it might be somewhat<00:36:38.480> rare<00:36:38.800> to<00:36:38.880> see<00:36:39.040> civil<00:36:39.359> engineering 00:36:39.910 --> 00:36:39.920 align:start position:0% somewhat rare to see civil engineering 00:36:39.920 --> 00:36:41.430 align:start position:0% somewhat rare to see civil engineering i'll<00:36:40.079> give<00:36:40.240> you<00:36:40.400> that<00:36:40.720> but<00:36:40.880> but<00:36:41.119> but 00:36:41.430 --> 00:36:41.440 align:start position:0% i'll give you that but but but 00:36:41.440 --> 00:36:43.990 align:start position:0% i'll give you that but but but there's<00:36:41.760> a<00:36:41.839> tremendous<00:36:42.800> experience<00:36:43.680> there's 00:36:43.990 --> 00:36:44.000 align:start position:0% there's a tremendous experience there's 00:36:44.000 --> 00:36:46.230 align:start position:0% there's a tremendous experience there's plenty<00:36:44.400> of<00:36:44.640> plenty<00:36:45.040> of<00:36:45.200> sort<00:36:45.440> of 00:36:46.230 --> 00:36:46.240 align:start position:0% plenty of plenty of sort of 00:36:46.240 --> 00:36:48.630 align:start position:0% plenty of plenty of sort of of<00:36:46.480> of<00:36:47.040> breadth<00:36:47.760> so<00:36:47.920> this<00:36:48.079> problem<00:36:48.480> saying 00:36:48.630 --> 00:36:48.640 align:start position:0% of of breadth so this problem saying 00:36:48.640 --> 00:36:49.910 align:start position:0% of of breadth so this problem saying what<00:36:48.800> are<00:36:48.880> the<00:36:49.040> biggest<00:36:49.440> challenges<00:36:49.839> in 00:36:49.910 --> 00:36:49.920 align:start position:0% what are the biggest challenges in 00:36:49.920 --> 00:36:51.270 align:start position:0% what are the biggest challenges in robotics<00:36:50.320> a<00:36:50.400> bit<00:36:50.560> hard<00:36:50.720> to<00:36:50.800> answer 00:36:51.270 --> 00:36:51.280 align:start position:0% robotics a bit hard to answer 00:36:51.280 --> 00:36:53.670 align:start position:0% robotics a bit hard to answer precisely<00:36:51.839> because<00:36:52.079> of<00:36:52.160> this<00:36:52.400> diversity<00:36:53.520> it 00:36:53.670 --> 00:36:53.680 align:start position:0% precisely because of this diversity it 00:36:53.680 --> 00:36:55.109 align:start position:0% precisely because of this diversity it means<00:36:54.000> many<00:36:54.240> things<00:36:54.480> to<00:36:54.640> many<00:36:54.880> different 00:36:55.109 --> 00:36:55.119 align:start position:0% means many things to many different 00:36:55.119 --> 00:36:57.510 align:start position:0% means many things to many different people<00:36:55.520> i'm<00:36:55.760> a<00:36:55.839> computational<00:36:56.480> person 00:36:57.510 --> 00:36:57.520 align:start position:0% people i'm a computational person 00:36:57.520 --> 00:37:00.710 align:start position:0% people i'm a computational person and<00:36:57.680> so<00:36:57.839> to<00:36:58.000> me<00:36:58.800> the<00:36:59.599> my<00:37:00.000> universe 00:37:00.710 --> 00:37:00.720 align:start position:0% and so to me the my universe 00:37:00.720 --> 00:37:02.470 align:start position:0% and so to me the my universe are<00:37:00.960> the<00:37:01.200> computational<00:37:01.920> problems<00:37:02.400> in 00:37:02.470 --> 00:37:02.480 align:start position:0% are the computational problems in 00:37:02.480 --> 00:37:04.470 align:start position:0% are the computational problems in robotics<00:37:03.040> they're<00:37:03.200> not<00:37:03.520> mechanical<00:37:04.079> design 00:37:04.470 --> 00:37:04.480 align:start position:0% robotics they're not mechanical design 00:37:04.480 --> 00:37:06.069 align:start position:0% robotics they're not mechanical design problems<00:37:04.880> in<00:37:04.960> robotics<00:37:05.440> of<00:37:05.599> which<00:37:05.839> there<00:37:06.000> are 00:37:06.069 --> 00:37:06.079 align:start position:0% problems in robotics of which there are 00:37:06.079 --> 00:37:08.950 align:start position:0% problems in robotics of which there are many 00:37:08.950 --> 00:37:08.960 align:start position:0% 00:37:08.960 --> 00:37:10.310 align:start position:0% and<00:37:09.119> then<00:37:09.200> there<00:37:09.440> are<00:37:09.520> problems<00:37:09.920> that<00:37:10.079> are<00:37:10.160> not 00:37:10.310 --> 00:37:10.320 align:start position:0% and then there are problems that are not 00:37:10.320 --> 00:37:12.150 align:start position:0% and then there are problems that are not strictly<00:37:10.800> robotics<00:37:11.280> problems 00:37:12.150 --> 00:37:12.160 align:start position:0% strictly robotics problems 00:37:12.160 --> 00:37:13.910 align:start position:0% strictly robotics problems but<00:37:12.400> they<00:37:12.560> will<00:37:12.880> impact<00:37:13.200> robotics<00:37:13.680> in<00:37:13.760> a 00:37:13.910 --> 00:37:13.920 align:start position:0% but they will impact robotics in a 00:37:13.920 --> 00:37:16.470 align:start position:0% but they will impact robotics in a dramatic<00:37:14.560> way<00:37:14.880> i'll<00:37:15.040> give<00:37:15.200> you<00:37:15.359> one<00:37:15.599> example 00:37:16.470 --> 00:37:16.480 align:start position:0% dramatic way i'll give you one example 00:37:16.480 --> 00:37:19.990 align:start position:0% dramatic way i'll give you one example and<00:37:17.040> that's<00:37:17.359> the<00:37:18.240> the<00:37:18.960> battery<00:37:19.359> technology 00:37:19.990 --> 00:37:20.000 align:start position:0% and that's the the battery technology 00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:21.190 align:start position:0% and that's the the battery technology example 00:37:21.190 --> 00:37:21.200 align:start position:0% example 00:37:21.200 --> 00:37:22.470 align:start position:0% example a<00:37:21.280> lot<00:37:21.440> of<00:37:21.520> robotics<00:37:22.000> will<00:37:22.160> change 00:37:22.470 --> 00:37:22.480 align:start position:0% a lot of robotics will change 00:37:22.480 --> 00:37:24.630 align:start position:0% a lot of robotics will change dramatically<00:37:23.280> if<00:37:23.440> battery<00:37:23.760> technologies 00:37:24.630 --> 00:37:24.640 align:start position:0% dramatically if battery technologies 00:37:24.640 --> 00:37:27.510 align:start position:0% dramatically if battery technologies change<00:37:24.960> by<00:37:25.280> you<00:37:25.440> know<00:37:25.599> factor<00:37:25.920> of<00:37:26.000> 10<00:37:26.800> right 00:37:27.510 --> 00:37:27.520 align:start position:0% change by you know factor of 10 right 00:37:27.520 --> 00:37:28.230 align:start position:0% change by you know factor of 10 right but<00:37:27.680> that's<00:37:27.920> not 00:37:28.230 --> 00:37:28.240 align:start position:0% but that's not 00:37:28.240 --> 00:37:30.069 align:start position:0% but that's not a<00:37:28.320> statement<00:37:28.640> about<00:37:28.880> robotics<00:37:29.520> many<00:37:29.760> many 00:37:30.069 --> 00:37:30.079 align:start position:0% a statement about robotics many many 00:37:30.079 --> 00:37:31.829 align:start position:0% a statement about robotics many many other<00:37:30.320> technologies<00:37:31.119> will<00:37:31.440> change 00:37:31.829 --> 00:37:31.839 align:start position:0% other technologies will change 00:37:31.839 --> 00:37:34.310 align:start position:0% other technologies will change if<00:37:31.920> we<00:37:32.160> discovered<00:37:32.720> how<00:37:32.880> to<00:37:33.040> do<00:37:33.200> things<00:37:33.680> where 00:37:34.310 --> 00:37:34.320 align:start position:0% if we discovered how to do things where 00:37:34.320 --> 00:37:35.349 align:start position:0% if we discovered how to do things where there<00:37:34.480> were<00:37:34.560> some<00:37:34.800> other 00:37:35.349 --> 00:37:35.359 align:start position:0% there were some other 00:37:35.359 --> 00:37:36.870 align:start position:0% there were some other there<00:37:35.520> was<00:37:35.599> some<00:37:35.839> other<00:37:36.000> battery<00:37:36.400> technology 00:37:36.870 --> 00:37:36.880 align:start position:0% there was some other battery technology 00:37:36.880 --> 00:37:38.710 align:start position:0% there was some other battery technology out<00:37:37.040> there<00:37:37.359> right<00:37:37.839> and<00:37:38.000> but<00:37:38.160> robotics<00:37:38.560> would 00:37:38.710 --> 00:37:38.720 align:start position:0% out there right and but robotics would 00:37:38.720 --> 00:37:39.750 align:start position:0% out there right and but robotics would benefit<00:37:39.119> from<00:37:39.280> it<00:37:39.440> too 00:37:39.750 --> 00:37:39.760 align:start position:0% benefit from it too 00:37:39.760 --> 00:37:42.870 align:start position:0% benefit from it too so<00:37:40.000> but<00:37:40.240> but<00:37:40.400> it's<00:37:40.560> an<00:37:40.720> issue<00:37:41.359> so<00:37:41.839> so 00:37:42.870 --> 00:37:42.880 align:start position:0% so but but it's an issue so so 00:37:42.880 --> 00:37:44.950 align:start position:0% so but but it's an issue so so so<00:37:43.040> if<00:37:43.200> you<00:37:43.359> look<00:37:43.680> to<00:37:43.920> problems<00:37:44.400> that<00:37:44.560> perhaps 00:37:44.950 --> 00:37:44.960 align:start position:0% so if you look to problems that perhaps 00:37:44.960 --> 00:37:46.870 align:start position:0% so if you look to problems that perhaps are<00:37:45.119> not<00:37:45.359> like<00:37:45.599> the<00:37:45.680> battery<00:37:46.160> problem<00:37:46.560> but 00:37:46.870 --> 00:37:46.880 align:start position:0% are not like the battery problem but 00:37:46.880 --> 00:37:49.750 align:start position:0% are not like the battery problem but are<00:37:47.040> more<00:37:47.359> sort<00:37:47.520> of<00:37:47.760> real<00:37:48.079> robotics<00:37:48.640> problems 00:37:49.750 --> 00:37:49.760 align:start position:0% are more sort of real robotics problems 00:37:49.760 --> 00:37:51.990 align:start position:0% are more sort of real robotics problems then<00:37:50.000> i<00:37:50.079> think 00:37:51.990 --> 00:37:52.000 align:start position:0% then i think 00:37:52.000 --> 00:37:55.829 align:start position:0% then i think one<00:37:52.320> area<00:37:52.880> of<00:37:53.520> challenge<00:37:54.079> for<00:37:54.240> robotics 00:37:55.829 --> 00:37:55.839 align:start position:0% one area of challenge for robotics 00:37:55.839 --> 00:37:59.829 align:start position:0% one area of challenge for robotics is<00:37:56.640> is<00:37:56.880> really<00:37:58.160> is<00:37:58.400> really 00:37:59.829 --> 00:37:59.839 align:start position:0% is is really is really 00:37:59.839 --> 00:38:03.270 align:start position:0% is is really is really making<00:38:00.160> the<00:38:00.400> leap<00:38:01.839> from<00:38:02.320> algorithms<00:38:02.960> that<00:38:03.200> are 00:38:03.270 --> 00:38:03.280 align:start position:0% making the leap from algorithms that are 00:38:03.280 --> 00:38:03.670 align:start position:0% making the leap from algorithms that are well 00:38:03.670 --> 00:38:03.680 align:start position:0% well 00:38:03.680 --> 00:38:06.550 align:start position:0% well understood<00:38:05.119> and<00:38:05.599> whose<00:38:05.920> mathematical 00:38:06.550 --> 00:38:06.560 align:start position:0% understood and whose mathematical 00:38:06.560 --> 00:38:10.230 align:start position:0% understood and whose mathematical properties<00:38:07.119> are<00:38:07.280> well<00:38:07.520> understood 00:38:10.230 --> 00:38:10.240 align:start position:0% 00:38:10.240 --> 00:38:14.390 align:start position:0% to<00:38:10.800> their<00:38:12.880> to<00:38:13.040> sort<00:38:13.200> of<00:38:13.359> evolve<00:38:13.920> and<00:38:14.079> to<00:38:14.240> be 00:38:14.390 --> 00:38:14.400 align:start position:0% to their to sort of evolve and to be 00:38:14.400 --> 00:38:15.589 align:start position:0% to their to sort of evolve and to be able<00:38:14.640> to 00:38:15.589 --> 00:38:15.599 align:start position:0% able to 00:38:15.599 --> 00:38:18.790 align:start position:0% able to to<00:38:15.760> be<00:38:15.920> able<00:38:16.079> to<00:38:16.320> figure<00:38:16.640> out<00:38:16.960> which<00:38:17.200> of<00:38:17.440> those 00:38:18.790 --> 00:38:18.800 align:start position:0% to be able to figure out which of those 00:38:18.800 --> 00:38:21.270 align:start position:0% to be able to figure out which of those work<00:38:19.040> in<00:38:19.280> practice<00:38:20.400> and<00:38:20.560> to<00:38:20.720> be<00:38:20.880> able<00:38:21.040> to 00:38:21.270 --> 00:38:21.280 align:start position:0% work in practice and to be able to 00:38:21.280 --> 00:38:22.069 align:start position:0% work in practice and to be able to design 00:38:22.069 --> 00:38:22.079 align:start position:0% design 00:38:22.079 --> 00:38:24.790 align:start position:0% design for<00:38:22.320> more<00:38:22.560> ambitious<00:38:23.680> deployment<00:38:24.560> if<00:38:24.720> you 00:38:24.790 --> 00:38:24.800 align:start position:0% for more ambitious deployment if you 00:38:24.800 --> 00:38:26.069 align:start position:0% for more ambitious deployment if you will 00:38:26.069 --> 00:38:26.079 align:start position:0% will 00:38:26.079 --> 00:38:29.589 align:start position:0% will there<00:38:26.320> is<00:38:26.480> a<00:38:28.079> a<00:38:28.240> lot<00:38:28.400> of<00:38:28.560> work<00:38:28.880> gets<00:38:29.200> done<00:38:29.440> in 00:38:29.589 --> 00:38:29.599 align:start position:0% there is a a lot of work gets done in 00:38:29.599 --> 00:38:30.310 align:start position:0% there is a a lot of work gets done in models 00:38:30.310 --> 00:38:30.320 align:start position:0% models 00:38:30.320 --> 00:38:33.829 align:start position:0% models and<00:38:30.480> gets<00:38:30.800> done<00:38:31.440> in<00:38:31.599> the<00:38:31.760> lab<00:38:33.119> and<00:38:33.359> the 00:38:33.829 --> 00:38:33.839 align:start position:0% and gets done in the lab and the 00:38:33.839 --> 00:38:36.230 align:start position:0% and gets done in the lab and the subject<00:38:34.240> is<00:38:34.400> hard<00:38:34.720> enough<00:38:35.520> that<00:38:35.760> it<00:38:35.920> takes<00:38:36.160> a 00:38:36.230 --> 00:38:36.240 align:start position:0% subject is hard enough that it takes a 00:38:36.240 --> 00:38:37.990 align:start position:0% subject is hard enough that it takes a long<00:38:36.560> time<00:38:36.800> to<00:38:36.960> figure<00:38:37.280> out 00:38:37.990 --> 00:38:38.000 align:start position:0% long time to figure out 00:38:38.000 --> 00:38:40.390 align:start position:0% long time to figure out which<00:38:38.240> of<00:38:38.320> the<00:38:38.720> competing<00:38:39.280> techniques<00:38:40.079> really 00:38:40.390 --> 00:38:40.400 align:start position:0% which of the competing techniques really 00:38:40.400 --> 00:38:42.310 align:start position:0% which of the competing techniques really has<00:38:40.640> legs<00:38:41.040> when<00:38:41.200> it<00:38:41.280> comes<00:38:41.520> to<00:38:41.839> sort<00:38:42.000> of<00:38:42.079> going 00:38:42.310 --> 00:38:42.320 align:start position:0% has legs when it comes to sort of going 00:38:42.320 --> 00:38:44.550 align:start position:0% has legs when it comes to sort of going outside<00:38:42.720> the<00:38:42.800> laboratory 00:38:44.550 --> 00:38:44.560 align:start position:0% outside the laboratory 00:38:44.560 --> 00:38:46.790 align:start position:0% outside the laboratory and<00:38:45.040> it<00:38:45.200> isn't<00:38:45.440> a<00:38:45.520> statement<00:38:45.920> of<00:38:46.000> fault<00:38:46.480> but<00:38:46.640> it 00:38:46.790 --> 00:38:46.800 align:start position:0% and it isn't a statement of fault but it 00:38:46.800 --> 00:38:48.470 align:start position:0% and it isn't a statement of fault but it is<00:38:46.960> a<00:38:47.040> statement<00:38:47.440> about<00:38:47.680> the<00:38:47.760> hardness<00:38:48.240> of<00:38:48.320> the 00:38:48.470 --> 00:38:48.480 align:start position:0% is a statement about the hardness of the 00:38:48.480 --> 00:38:49.109 align:start position:0% is a statement about the hardness of the pro<00:38:48.720> of 00:38:49.109 --> 00:38:49.119 align:start position:0% pro of 00:38:49.119 --> 00:38:52.150 align:start position:0% pro of sort<00:38:49.280> of<00:38:49.520> the<00:38:49.680> domain<00:38:50.320> right<00:38:51.760> and 00:38:52.150 --> 00:38:52.160 align:start position:0% sort of the domain right and 00:38:52.160 --> 00:38:54.310 align:start position:0% sort of the domain right and we<00:38:52.400> labor<00:38:52.720> under<00:38:52.960> one<00:38:53.440> issue<00:38:53.839> here<00:38:54.079> one 00:38:54.310 --> 00:38:54.320 align:start position:0% we labor under one issue here one 00:38:54.320 --> 00:38:55.829 align:start position:0% we labor under one issue here one problem<00:38:54.800> which<00:38:55.040> is<00:38:55.200> that 00:38:55.829 --> 00:38:55.839 align:start position:0% problem which is that 00:38:55.839 --> 00:38:57.750 align:start position:0% problem which is that it<00:38:56.000> was<00:38:56.240> a<00:38:56.320> long<00:38:56.720> time<00:38:57.119> before<00:38:57.440> people 00:38:57.750 --> 00:38:57.760 align:start position:0% it was a long time before people 00:38:57.760 --> 00:38:59.030 align:start position:0% it was a long time before people understood 00:38:59.030 --> 00:38:59.040 align:start position:0% understood 00:38:59.040 --> 00:39:01.109 align:start position:0% understood just<00:38:59.280> how<00:38:59.680> difficult<00:39:00.160> it<00:39:00.320> is<00:39:00.560> to<00:39:00.800> build 00:39:01.109 --> 00:39:01.119 align:start position:0% just how difficult it is to build 00:39:01.119 --> 00:39:03.190 align:start position:0% just how difficult it is to build physically<00:39:01.599> embodied<00:39:02.240> things 00:39:03.190 --> 00:39:03.200 align:start position:0% physically embodied things 00:39:03.200 --> 00:39:05.750 align:start position:0% physically embodied things that<00:39:03.359> function<00:39:03.839> autonomously<00:39:04.560> in<00:39:04.640> the<00:39:04.960> in<00:39:05.119> the 00:39:05.750 --> 00:39:05.760 align:start position:0% that function autonomously in the in the 00:39:05.760 --> 00:39:06.550 align:start position:0% that function autonomously in the in the in<00:39:05.920> the 00:39:06.550 --> 00:39:06.560 align:start position:0% in the 00:39:06.560 --> 00:39:10.069 align:start position:0% in the unstructured<00:39:07.280> world<00:39:08.000> right<00:39:09.440> we<00:39:09.760> really 00:39:10.069 --> 00:39:10.079 align:start position:0% unstructured world right we really 00:39:10.079 --> 00:39:12.230 align:start position:0% unstructured world right we really grossly<00:39:10.640> underestimated<00:39:11.359> how<00:39:11.520> hard<00:39:11.760> it<00:39:11.920> was 00:39:12.230 --> 00:39:12.240 align:start position:0% grossly underestimated how hard it was 00:39:12.240 --> 00:39:13.030 align:start position:0% grossly underestimated how hard it was and<00:39:12.400> i<00:39:12.560> say<00:39:12.720> we 00:39:13.030 --> 00:39:13.040 align:start position:0% and i say we 00:39:13.040 --> 00:39:14.950 align:start position:0% and i say we generally<00:39:13.599> right<00:39:13.839> i<00:39:13.920> mean<00:39:14.079> just<00:39:14.320> just<00:39:14.480> people 00:39:14.950 --> 00:39:14.960 align:start position:0% generally right i mean just just people 00:39:14.960 --> 00:39:16.550 align:start position:0% generally right i mean just just people generally<00:39:15.440> underestimated 00:39:16.550 --> 00:39:16.560 align:start position:0% generally underestimated 00:39:16.560 --> 00:39:19.910 align:start position:0% generally underestimated and<00:39:17.040> it's<00:39:17.200> not<00:39:17.359> surprising<00:39:17.920> why<00:39:19.280> biological 00:39:19.910 --> 00:39:19.920 align:start position:0% and it's not surprising why biological 00:39:19.920 --> 00:39:21.670 align:start position:0% and it's not surprising why biological systems<00:39:20.320> seem<00:39:20.480> to<00:39:20.640> function<00:39:20.960> just<00:39:21.280> fine 00:39:21.670 --> 00:39:21.680 align:start position:0% systems seem to function just fine 00:39:21.680 --> 00:39:23.589 align:start position:0% systems seem to function just fine in<00:39:21.760> the<00:39:21.839> natural<00:39:22.240> world<00:39:22.560> right<00:39:23.040> and<00:39:23.200> we<00:39:23.359> can't 00:39:23.589 --> 00:39:23.599 align:start position:0% in the natural world right and we can't 00:39:23.599 --> 00:39:25.589 align:start position:0% in the natural world right and we can't help<00:39:23.839> but<00:39:24.000> notice<00:39:24.400> it<00:39:24.560> and<00:39:24.640> we<00:39:24.800> can't<00:39:24.960> help<00:39:25.200> but 00:39:25.589 --> 00:39:25.599 align:start position:0% help but notice it and we can't help but 00:39:25.599 --> 00:39:27.670 align:start position:0% help but notice it and we can't help but feel<00:39:25.839> like<00:39:26.079> oh<00:39:26.560> that<00:39:26.720> shouldn't<00:39:26.960> be<00:39:27.119> too<00:39:27.280> hard 00:39:27.670 --> 00:39:27.680 align:start position:0% feel like oh that shouldn't be too hard 00:39:27.680 --> 00:39:29.349 align:start position:0% feel like oh that shouldn't be too hard right 00:39:29.349 --> 00:39:29.359 align:start position:0% right 00:39:29.359 --> 00:39:31.910 align:start position:0% right but<00:39:29.599> it<00:39:29.760> is<00:39:30.240> right<00:39:30.640> it<00:39:30.800> is<00:39:31.280> and<00:39:31.520> so<00:39:31.680> the 00:39:31.910 --> 00:39:31.920 align:start position:0% but it is right it is and so the 00:39:31.920 --> 00:39:32.870 align:start position:0% but it is right it is and so the transformation 00:39:32.870 --> 00:39:32.880 align:start position:0% transformation 00:39:32.880 --> 00:39:35.190 align:start position:0% transformation from<00:39:33.440> understanding<00:39:34.160> systems<00:39:34.880> and<00:39:35.040> from 00:39:35.190 --> 00:39:35.200 align:start position:0% from understanding systems and from 00:39:35.200 --> 00:39:37.030 align:start position:0% from understanding systems and from devising<00:39:35.760> algorithms<00:39:36.480> and<00:39:36.640> doing<00:39:36.880> good 00:39:37.030 --> 00:39:37.040 align:start position:0% devising algorithms and doing good 00:39:37.040 --> 00:39:38.790 align:start position:0% devising algorithms and doing good mechanical<00:39:37.599> design 00:39:38.790 --> 00:39:38.800 align:start position:0% mechanical design 00:39:38.800 --> 00:39:42.150 align:start position:0% mechanical design in<00:39:39.040> controlled<00:39:39.520> circumstances<00:39:41.040> to<00:39:41.200> the<00:39:41.520> full 00:39:42.150 --> 00:39:42.160 align:start position:0% in controlled circumstances to the full 00:39:42.160 --> 00:39:45.030 align:start position:0% in controlled circumstances to the full sort<00:39:42.400> of<00:39:42.640> uncontrolled<00:39:43.839> unknown<00:39:44.400> environment 00:39:45.030 --> 00:39:45.040 align:start position:0% sort of uncontrolled unknown environment 00:39:45.040 --> 00:39:46.470 align:start position:0% sort of uncontrolled unknown environment in<00:39:45.119> which<00:39:45.280> you<00:39:45.359> want<00:39:45.599> the<00:39:45.680> system<00:39:46.000> to<00:39:46.160> really 00:39:46.470 --> 00:39:46.480 align:start position:0% in which you want the system to really 00:39:46.480 --> 00:39:47.349 align:start position:0% in which you want the system to really operate 00:39:47.349 --> 00:39:47.359 align:start position:0% operate 00:39:47.359 --> 00:39:49.109 align:start position:0% operate proves<00:39:47.680> to<00:39:47.760> be<00:39:47.920> a<00:39:48.000> much<00:39:48.240> bigger<00:39:48.560> barrier<00:39:48.960> than 00:39:49.109 --> 00:39:49.119 align:start position:0% proves to be a much bigger barrier than 00:39:49.119 --> 00:39:50.470 align:start position:0% proves to be a much bigger barrier than most<00:39:49.359> people<00:39:49.680> think 00:39:50.470 --> 00:39:50.480 align:start position:0% most people think 00:39:50.480 --> 00:39:52.470 align:start position:0% most people think and<00:39:51.040> we're<00:39:51.200> getting<00:39:51.520> increasingly<00:39:52.000> better<00:39:52.320> at 00:39:52.470 --> 00:39:52.480 align:start position:0% and we're getting increasingly better at 00:39:52.480 --> 00:39:53.750 align:start position:0% and we're getting increasingly better at crossing<00:39:52.800> that<00:39:53.040> there<00:39:53.200> have<00:39:53.280> been<00:39:53.520> sort<00:39:53.680> of 00:39:53.750 --> 00:39:53.760 align:start position:0% crossing that there have been sort of 00:39:53.760 --> 00:39:55.430 align:start position:0% crossing that there have been sort of dramatic<00:39:54.240> improvements<00:39:54.880> right 00:39:55.430 --> 00:39:55.440 align:start position:0% dramatic improvements right 00:39:55.440 --> 00:39:58.870 align:start position:0% dramatic improvements right but<00:39:56.000> but<00:39:56.480> the<00:39:56.720> more<00:39:57.359> the<00:39:57.520> more<00:39:57.760> we<00:39:58.320> the<00:39:58.480> more<00:39:58.720> we 00:39:58.870 --> 00:39:58.880 align:start position:0% but but the more the more we the more we 00:39:58.880 --> 00:40:00.150 align:start position:0% but but the more the more we the more we do<00:39:59.040> that 00:40:00.150 --> 00:40:00.160 align:start position:0% do that 00:40:00.160 --> 00:40:01.430 align:start position:0% do that excuse<00:40:00.400> me<00:40:00.560> i<00:40:00.640> think<00:40:00.800> the<00:40:00.880> more<00:40:01.119> i<00:40:01.200> think<00:40:01.359> the 00:40:01.430 --> 00:40:01.440 align:start position:0% excuse me i think the more i think the 00:40:01.440 --> 00:40:04.390 align:start position:0% excuse me i think the more i think the more<00:40:01.599> successful<00:40:02.079> we'll<00:40:02.320> be 00:40:04.390 --> 00:40:04.400 align:start position:0% more successful we'll be 00:40:04.400 --> 00:40:06.069 align:start position:0% more successful we'll be and<00:40:04.560> that<00:40:04.800> still<00:40:04.960> remains<00:40:05.280> in<00:40:05.359> some<00:40:05.520> ways<00:40:06.000> a 00:40:06.069 --> 00:40:06.079 align:start position:0% and that still remains in some ways a 00:40:06.079 --> 00:40:08.069 align:start position:0% and that still remains in some ways a big<00:40:06.319> challenge<00:40:06.880> to<00:40:07.280> surmount<00:40:07.760> that 00:40:08.069 --> 00:40:08.079 align:start position:0% big challenge to surmount that 00:40:08.079 --> 00:40:11.430 align:start position:0% big challenge to surmount that right<00:40:08.319> and<00:40:08.720> many<00:40:09.040> many<00:40:09.280> people<00:40:10.480> try<00:40:11.040> to<00:40:11.280> to 00:40:11.430 --> 00:40:11.440 align:start position:0% right and many many people try to to 00:40:11.440 --> 00:40:13.430 align:start position:0% right and many many people try to to surmount<00:40:11.839> that<00:40:12.079> and<00:40:12.160> to<00:40:12.560> push<00:40:12.800> on<00:40:12.960> that 00:40:13.430 --> 00:40:13.440 align:start position:0% surmount that and to push on that 00:40:13.440 --> 00:40:15.190 align:start position:0% surmount that and to push on that and<00:40:13.520> i<00:40:13.599> think<00:40:13.760> that<00:40:14.000> that<00:40:14.319> remains<00:40:14.720> a<00:40:14.800> problem 00:40:15.190 --> 00:40:15.200 align:start position:0% and i think that that remains a problem 00:40:15.200 --> 00:40:16.550 align:start position:0% and i think that that remains a problem i'll<00:40:15.359> tell<00:40:15.520> you<00:40:15.599> another<00:40:15.839> thing<00:40:16.000> that<00:40:16.240> i<00:40:16.319> think 00:40:16.550 --> 00:40:16.560 align:start position:0% i'll tell you another thing that i think 00:40:16.560 --> 00:40:16.950 align:start position:0% i'll tell you another thing that i think is 00:40:16.950 --> 00:40:16.960 align:start position:0% is 00:40:16.960 --> 00:40:20.470 align:start position:0% is not<00:40:17.200> a<00:40:17.280> problem<00:40:17.680> but<00:40:17.839> just<00:40:18.079> a<00:40:18.480> just<00:40:18.640> a<00:40:18.800> comment 00:40:20.470 --> 00:40:20.480 align:start position:0% not a problem but just a just a comment 00:40:20.480 --> 00:40:23.109 align:start position:0% not a problem but just a just a comment in<00:40:20.720> some<00:40:20.960> ways<00:40:21.680> robotics<00:40:22.400> like<00:40:22.640> some<00:40:22.880> other 00:40:23.109 --> 00:40:23.119 align:start position:0% in some ways robotics like some other 00:40:23.119 --> 00:40:25.430 align:start position:0% in some ways robotics like some other technologies 00:40:25.430 --> 00:40:25.440 align:start position:0% technologies 00:40:25.440 --> 00:40:28.550 align:start position:0% technologies perhaps<00:40:25.839> like<00:40:26.079> ai<00:40:27.520> has<00:40:27.760> this<00:40:27.920> property<00:40:28.319> that 00:40:28.550 --> 00:40:28.560 align:start position:0% perhaps like ai has this property that 00:40:28.560 --> 00:40:30.150 align:start position:0% perhaps like ai has this property that when<00:40:28.720> it's<00:40:28.880> truly<00:40:29.200> successful 00:40:30.150 --> 00:40:30.160 align:start position:0% when it's truly successful 00:40:30.160 --> 00:40:34.230 align:start position:0% when it's truly successful people<00:40:30.400> cease<00:40:30.720> to<00:40:30.800> notice<00:40:31.200> it<00:40:32.640> right 00:40:34.230 --> 00:40:34.240 align:start position:0% people cease to notice it right 00:40:34.240 --> 00:40:36.950 align:start position:0% people cease to notice it right and<00:40:34.400> i<00:40:34.560> use<00:40:34.720> the<00:40:34.800> word<00:40:35.040> robotics<00:40:35.520> to<00:40:36.400> to<00:40:36.640> really 00:40:36.950 --> 00:40:36.960 align:start position:0% and i use the word robotics to to really 00:40:36.960 --> 00:40:37.510 align:start position:0% and i use the word robotics to to really cover 00:40:37.510 --> 00:40:37.520 align:start position:0% cover 00:40:37.520 --> 00:40:39.910 align:start position:0% cover robotics<00:40:38.000> and<00:40:38.240> automation<00:40:38.960> i'm<00:40:39.119> not<00:40:39.520> really 00:40:39.910 --> 00:40:39.920 align:start position:0% robotics and automation i'm not really 00:40:39.920 --> 00:40:41.589 align:start position:0% robotics and automation i'm not really trying<00:40:40.160> to<00:40:40.240> distinguish 00:40:41.589 --> 00:40:41.599 align:start position:0% trying to distinguish 00:40:41.599 --> 00:40:44.870 align:start position:0% trying to distinguish too<00:40:41.839> much<00:40:42.160> from<00:40:42.480> from<00:40:42.640> each<00:40:42.800> other<00:40:43.119> right 00:40:44.870 --> 00:40:44.880 align:start position:0% too much from from each other right 00:40:44.880 --> 00:40:46.790 align:start position:0% too much from from each other right so<00:40:45.040> somebody<00:40:45.440> you<00:40:45.599> know<00:40:45.839> people<00:40:46.160> often<00:40:46.400> say<00:40:46.640> to 00:40:46.790 --> 00:40:46.800 align:start position:0% so somebody you know people often say to 00:40:46.800 --> 00:40:48.230 align:start position:0% so somebody you know people often say to this<00:40:46.960> to<00:40:47.040> me<00:40:47.280> they<00:40:47.359> say<00:40:47.520> you<00:40:47.599> know<00:40:47.760> you<00:40:47.920> work<00:40:48.160> in 00:40:48.230 --> 00:40:48.240 align:start position:0% this to me they say you know you work in 00:40:48.240 --> 00:40:49.910 align:start position:0% this to me they say you know you work in robotics<00:40:48.720> you<00:40:48.800> know<00:40:48.880> what<00:40:49.040> i<00:40:49.119> really<00:40:49.359> want<00:40:49.760> is 00:40:49.910 --> 00:40:49.920 align:start position:0% robotics you know what i really want is 00:40:49.920 --> 00:40:50.309 align:start position:0% robotics you know what i really want is there 00:40:50.309 --> 00:40:50.319 align:start position:0% there 00:40:50.319 --> 00:40:52.870 align:start position:0% there is<00:40:50.800> a<00:40:51.040> robot<00:40:51.440> dishwasher<00:40:52.160> you<00:40:52.319> know<00:40:52.480> how<00:40:52.640> can<00:40:52.800> i 00:40:52.870 --> 00:40:52.880 align:start position:0% is a robot dishwasher you know how can i 00:40:52.880 --> 00:40:54.230 align:start position:0% is a robot dishwasher you know how can i help<00:40:53.119> them<00:40:53.200> there<00:40:53.359> is<00:40:53.440> more 00:40:54.230 --> 00:40:54.240 align:start position:0% help them there is more 00:40:54.240 --> 00:40:55.990 align:start position:0% help them there is more and<00:40:54.400> i<00:40:54.480> tell<00:40:54.640> them<00:40:54.800> you<00:40:54.880> already<00:40:55.119> have<00:40:55.359> one 00:40:55.990 --> 00:40:56.000 align:start position:0% and i tell them you already have one 00:40:56.000 --> 00:40:57.990 align:start position:0% and i tell them you already have one right<00:40:56.319> i<00:40:56.480> mean<00:40:57.200> you<00:40:57.359> already<00:40:57.599> have<00:40:57.760> one<00:40:57.920> in 00:40:57.990 --> 00:40:58.000 align:start position:0% right i mean you already have one in 00:40:58.000 --> 00:40:59.589 align:start position:0% right i mean you already have one in your<00:40:58.079> house<00:40:58.400> it's<00:40:58.560> a<00:40:58.640> completely<00:40:58.960> roboticized 00:40:59.589 --> 00:40:59.599 align:start position:0% your house it's a completely roboticized 00:40:59.599 --> 00:41:00.790 align:start position:0% your house it's a completely roboticized dishwasher 00:41:00.790 --> 00:41:00.800 align:start position:0% dishwasher 00:41:00.800 --> 00:41:02.950 align:start position:0% dishwasher right<00:41:01.200> once<00:41:01.520> you<00:41:01.680> once<00:41:01.920> you<00:41:02.000> press<00:41:02.240> the<00:41:02.319> button 00:41:02.950 --> 00:41:02.960 align:start position:0% right once you once you press the button 00:41:02.960 --> 00:41:04.790 align:start position:0% right once you once you press the button it<00:41:03.119> does<00:41:03.359> all<00:41:03.440> the<00:41:03.599> dishwashing<00:41:04.160> i<00:41:04.240> mean 00:41:04.790 --> 00:41:04.800 align:start position:0% it does all the dishwashing i mean 00:41:04.800 --> 00:41:06.870 align:start position:0% it does all the dishwashing i mean you<00:41:04.880> don't<00:41:05.119> you<00:41:05.200> don't<00:41:05.520> wash<00:41:05.760> dishes<00:41:06.400> right 00:41:06.870 --> 00:41:06.880 align:start position:0% you don't you don't wash dishes right 00:41:06.880 --> 00:41:07.990 align:start position:0% you don't you don't wash dishes right but<00:41:07.040> of<00:41:07.119> course<00:41:07.359> that's<00:41:07.599> not<00:41:07.680> what<00:41:07.839> they 00:41:07.990 --> 00:41:08.000 align:start position:0% but of course that's not what they 00:41:08.000 --> 00:41:09.510 align:start position:0% but of course that's not what they really<00:41:08.319> mean<00:41:08.640> what<00:41:08.800> they<00:41:08.960> really<00:41:09.200> mean<00:41:09.440> is 00:41:09.510 --> 00:41:09.520 align:start position:0% really mean what they really mean is 00:41:09.520 --> 00:41:11.190 align:start position:0% really mean what they really mean is they<00:41:09.680> want<00:41:10.000> a<00:41:10.079> robot<00:41:10.480> that<00:41:10.560> can<00:41:10.800> load<00:41:11.119> the 00:41:11.190 --> 00:41:11.200 align:start position:0% they want a robot that can load the 00:41:11.200 --> 00:41:12.230 align:start position:0% they want a robot that can load the dishwasher 00:41:12.230 --> 00:41:12.240 align:start position:0% dishwasher 00:41:12.240 --> 00:41:14.470 align:start position:0% dishwasher and<00:41:12.400> can<00:41:12.640> unload<00:41:13.119> it<00:41:13.280> dry<00:41:13.599> the<00:41:13.680> dishes<00:41:14.319> really 00:41:14.470 --> 00:41:14.480 align:start position:0% and can unload it dry the dishes really 00:41:14.480 --> 00:41:16.470 align:start position:0% and can unload it dry the dishes really well<00:41:14.720> and<00:41:14.800> put<00:41:15.040> them<00:41:15.200> away 00:41:16.470 --> 00:41:16.480 align:start position:0% well and put them away 00:41:16.480 --> 00:41:19.430 align:start position:0% well and put them away that<00:41:16.720> we<00:41:16.880> don't<00:41:17.119> know<00:41:17.200> how<00:41:17.359> to<00:41:17.520> do<00:41:18.640> right<00:41:19.200> it's 00:41:19.430 --> 00:41:19.440 align:start position:0% that we don't know how to do right it's 00:41:19.440 --> 00:41:20.950 align:start position:0% that we don't know how to do right it's not<00:41:19.599> the<00:41:19.760> dishwashing<00:41:20.319> that<00:41:20.480> proves<00:41:20.720> to<00:41:20.800> be 00:41:20.950 --> 00:41:20.960 align:start position:0% not the dishwashing that proves to be 00:41:20.960 --> 00:41:21.589 align:start position:0% not the dishwashing that proves to be hard 00:41:21.589 --> 00:41:21.599 align:start position:0% hard 00:41:21.599 --> 00:41:24.069 align:start position:0% hard right<00:41:22.000> it<00:41:22.319> can<00:41:22.480> be<00:41:22.640> done<00:41:22.880> and<00:41:23.119> it's<00:41:23.520> been<00:41:23.760> done 00:41:24.069 --> 00:41:24.079 align:start position:0% right it can be done and it's been done 00:41:24.079 --> 00:41:25.589 align:start position:0% right it can be done and it's been done for<00:41:24.240> decades<00:41:24.800> right 00:41:25.589 --> 00:41:25.599 align:start position:0% for decades right 00:41:25.599 --> 00:41:28.309 align:start position:0% for decades right um<00:41:26.480> but<00:41:26.640> it<00:41:26.800> is<00:41:26.880> an<00:41:27.040> automation<00:41:27.520> technology<00:41:28.160> it 00:41:28.309 --> 00:41:28.319 align:start position:0% um but it is an automation technology it 00:41:28.319 --> 00:41:29.750 align:start position:0% um but it is an automation technology it is<00:41:28.400> a<00:41:28.480> robotic<00:41:28.960> technology 00:41:29.750 --> 00:41:29.760 align:start position:0% is a robotic technology 00:41:29.760 --> 00:41:32.150 align:start position:0% is a robotic technology it<00:41:30.000> involves<00:41:30.560> very<00:41:30.800> sophisticated<00:41:31.599> sensing 00:41:32.150 --> 00:41:32.160 align:start position:0% it involves very sophisticated sensing 00:41:32.160 --> 00:41:34.390 align:start position:0% it involves very sophisticated sensing and<00:41:32.319> it<00:41:32.560> involves<00:41:32.960> very<00:41:33.200> sophisticated 00:41:34.390 --> 00:41:34.400 align:start position:0% and it involves very sophisticated 00:41:34.400 --> 00:41:36.870 align:start position:0% and it involves very sophisticated use<00:41:34.720> of<00:41:34.880> limited<00:41:35.280> resources<00:41:36.079> to<00:41:36.240> optimize<00:41:36.800> a 00:41:36.870 --> 00:41:36.880 align:start position:0% use of limited resources to optimize a 00:41:36.880 --> 00:41:37.910 align:start position:0% use of limited resources to optimize a particular<00:41:37.280> task 00:41:37.910 --> 00:41:37.920 align:start position:0% particular task 00:41:37.920 --> 00:41:39.670 align:start position:0% particular task right<00:41:38.560> and<00:41:38.720> the<00:41:38.800> key<00:41:38.960> word<00:41:39.200> there<00:41:39.440> is 00:41:39.670 --> 00:41:39.680 align:start position:0% right and the key word there is 00:41:39.680 --> 00:41:41.430 align:start position:0% right and the key word there is particular<00:41:40.319> task 00:41:41.430 --> 00:41:41.440 align:start position:0% particular task 00:41:41.440 --> 00:41:43.430 align:start position:0% particular task so<00:41:41.599> i<00:41:41.760> suspect<00:41:42.240> what<00:41:42.400> we<00:41:42.560> hank<00:41:42.800> or<00:41:42.960> after<00:41:43.280> are 00:41:43.430 --> 00:41:43.440 align:start position:0% so i suspect what we hank or after are 00:41:43.440 --> 00:41:45.190 align:start position:0% so i suspect what we hank or after are things<00:41:43.680> that<00:41:43.920> are<00:41:44.000> a<00:41:44.079> little<00:41:44.319> more<00:41:44.560> general 00:41:45.190 --> 00:41:45.200 align:start position:0% things that are a little more general 00:41:45.200 --> 00:41:46.390 align:start position:0% things that are a little more general and<00:41:45.359> things<00:41:45.599> that<00:41:45.760> are<00:41:45.839> a<00:41:45.920> little<00:41:46.160> more 00:41:46.390 --> 00:41:46.400 align:start position:0% and things that are a little more 00:41:46.400 --> 00:41:48.390 align:start position:0% and things that are a little more unstructured<00:41:47.599> and<00:41:47.680> we<00:41:47.839> don't<00:41:48.000> quite<00:41:48.240> see 00:41:48.390 --> 00:41:48.400 align:start position:0% unstructured and we don't quite see 00:41:48.400 --> 00:41:49.349 align:start position:0% unstructured and we don't quite see those 00:41:49.349 --> 00:41:49.359 align:start position:0% those 00:41:49.359 --> 00:41:52.309 align:start position:0% those and<00:41:49.520> so<00:41:49.760> the<00:41:49.920> push<00:41:50.240> towards<00:41:50.640> generality<00:41:52.160> may 00:41:52.309 --> 00:41:52.319 align:start position:0% and so the push towards generality may 00:41:52.319 --> 00:41:54.150 align:start position:0% and so the push towards generality may not<00:41:52.480> be<00:41:52.640> fully<00:41:52.880> general<00:41:53.200> purpose<00:41:53.520> robots<00:41:53.920> but 00:41:54.150 --> 00:41:54.160 align:start position:0% not be fully general purpose robots but 00:41:54.160 --> 00:41:55.270 align:start position:0% not be fully general purpose robots but some<00:41:54.400> generality 00:41:55.270 --> 00:41:55.280 align:start position:0% some generality 00:41:55.280 --> 00:41:58.390 align:start position:0% some generality some<00:41:55.440> ability<00:41:55.920> to<00:41:56.400> to<00:41:56.560> do<00:41:57.119> something<00:41:58.079> less 00:41:58.390 --> 00:41:58.400 align:start position:0% some ability to to do something less 00:41:58.400 --> 00:41:58.870 align:start position:0% some ability to to do something less than 00:41:58.870 --> 00:41:58.880 align:start position:0% than 00:41:58.880 --> 00:42:01.510 align:start position:0% than something<00:41:59.200> more<00:41:59.599> than<00:41:59.760> just<00:42:00.000> the<00:42:00.240> very<00:42:00.560> narrow 00:42:01.510 --> 00:42:01.520 align:start position:0% something more than just the very narrow 00:42:01.520 --> 00:42:02.790 align:start position:0% something more than just the very narrow thing 00:42:02.790 --> 00:42:02.800 align:start position:0% thing 00:42:02.800 --> 00:42:04.950 align:start position:0% thing and<00:42:03.200> the<00:42:03.359> ability<00:42:03.760> to<00:42:03.839> function<00:42:04.240> in<00:42:04.319> a<00:42:04.640> sort<00:42:04.800> of 00:42:04.950 --> 00:42:04.960 align:start position:0% and the ability to function in a sort of 00:42:04.960 --> 00:42:05.990 align:start position:0% and the ability to function in a sort of a<00:42:05.760> an 00:42:05.990 --> 00:42:06.000 align:start position:0% a an 00:42:06.000 --> 00:42:08.470 align:start position:0% a an unstructured<00:42:06.560> environment<00:42:07.440> is<00:42:07.680> is<00:42:07.839> where<00:42:08.160> we 00:42:08.470 --> 00:42:08.480 align:start position:0% unstructured environment is is where we 00:42:08.480 --> 00:42:09.750 align:start position:0% unstructured environment is is where we want<00:42:08.720> to<00:42:08.880> be 00:42:09.750 --> 00:42:09.760 align:start position:0% want to be 00:42:09.760 --> 00:42:11.589 align:start position:0% want to be but<00:42:09.920> along<00:42:10.160> the<00:42:10.240> way<00:42:10.480> we<00:42:10.640> have<00:42:10.800> successes<00:42:11.440> at 00:42:11.589 --> 00:42:11.599 align:start position:0% but along the way we have successes at 00:42:11.599 --> 00:42:13.109 align:start position:0% but along the way we have successes at doing<00:42:11.839> things<00:42:12.079> that<00:42:12.240> are<00:42:12.319> more<00:42:12.480> limited 00:42:13.109 --> 00:42:13.119 align:start position:0% doing things that are more limited 00:42:13.119 --> 00:42:14.790 align:start position:0% doing things that are more limited but<00:42:13.280> then<00:42:13.440> they<00:42:13.599> cease<00:42:13.839> to<00:42:14.000> be<00:42:14.079> recognized<00:42:14.640> as 00:42:14.790 --> 00:42:14.800 align:start position:0% but then they cease to be recognized as 00:42:14.800 --> 00:42:16.550 align:start position:0% but then they cease to be recognized as robotic<00:42:15.280> successes 00:42:16.550 --> 00:42:16.560 align:start position:0% robotic successes 00:42:16.560 --> 00:42:18.950 align:start position:0% robotic successes right<00:42:17.839> there<00:42:18.079> is<00:42:18.240> i<00:42:18.319> think<00:42:18.560> a<00:42:18.640> coming 00:42:18.950 --> 00:42:18.960 align:start position:0% right there is i think a coming 00:42:18.960 --> 00:42:19.750 align:start position:0% right there is i think a coming revolution 00:42:19.750 --> 00:42:19.760 align:start position:0% revolution 00:42:19.760 --> 00:42:24.710 align:start position:0% revolution in<00:42:20.800> in<00:42:22.240> in 00:42:24.710 --> 00:42:24.720 align:start position:0% 00:42:24.720 --> 00:42:26.230 align:start position:0% robots<00:42:25.119> for<00:42:25.280> monitoring<00:42:25.760> the<00:42:25.839> natural 00:42:26.230 --> 00:42:26.240 align:start position:0% robots for monitoring the natural 00:42:26.240 --> 00:42:27.910 align:start position:0% robots for monitoring the natural environment<00:42:26.960> it's<00:42:27.119> going<00:42:27.200> to<00:42:27.280> happen 00:42:27.910 --> 00:42:27.920 align:start position:0% environment it's going to happen 00:42:27.920 --> 00:42:31.670 align:start position:0% environment it's going to happen right<00:42:29.440> when<00:42:29.680> systems<00:42:30.160> like<00:42:30.400> this<00:42:30.880> are<00:42:31.119> able<00:42:31.359> to 00:42:31.670 --> 00:42:31.680 align:start position:0% right when systems like this are able to 00:42:31.680 --> 00:42:33.910 align:start position:0% right when systems like this are able to patrol<00:42:32.240> or<00:42:32.480> underwater<00:42:33.040> systems<00:42:33.520> of<00:42:33.599> the<00:42:33.680> kind 00:42:33.910 --> 00:42:33.920 align:start position:0% patrol or underwater systems of the kind 00:42:33.920 --> 00:42:38.710 align:start position:0% patrol or underwater systems of the kind we<00:42:34.000> work<00:42:34.240> on<00:42:34.400> are<00:42:34.480> able<00:42:34.640> to<00:42:34.720> patrol<00:42:35.119> the<00:42:35.280> oceans 00:42:38.710 --> 00:42:38.720 align:start position:0% 00:42:38.720 --> 00:42:42.069 align:start position:0% and<00:42:38.880> provide<00:42:39.359> data<00:42:39.920> and<00:42:40.880> shape<00:42:41.119> public<00:42:41.520> policy 00:42:42.069 --> 00:42:42.079 align:start position:0% and provide data and shape public policy 00:42:42.079 --> 00:42:44.630 align:start position:0% and provide data and shape public policy about<00:42:42.400> clean<00:42:42.839> water 00:42:44.630 --> 00:42:44.640 align:start position:0% about clean water 00:42:44.640 --> 00:42:46.150 align:start position:0% about clean water one<00:42:44.800> of<00:42:44.880> the<00:42:44.960> things<00:42:45.200> that<00:42:45.359> might<00:42:45.599> happen<00:42:46.000> with 00:42:46.150 --> 00:42:46.160 align:start position:0% one of the things that might happen with 00:42:46.160 --> 00:42:48.069 align:start position:0% one of the things that might happen with such<00:42:46.400> systems<00:42:46.880> is<00:42:47.040> that<00:42:47.280> when<00:42:47.520> they<00:42:47.680> become 00:42:48.069 --> 00:42:48.079 align:start position:0% such systems is that when they become 00:42:48.079 --> 00:42:49.670 align:start position:0% such systems is that when they become successful<00:42:48.640> people<00:42:48.880> will<00:42:49.040> no<00:42:49.200> longer<00:42:49.520> call 00:42:49.670 --> 00:42:49.680 align:start position:0% successful people will no longer call 00:42:49.680 --> 00:42:51.829 align:start position:0% successful people will no longer call them<00:42:49.839> robots 00:42:51.829 --> 00:42:51.839 align:start position:0% them robots 00:42:51.839 --> 00:42:53.990 align:start position:0% them robots people<00:42:52.079> will<00:42:52.319> simply<00:42:52.640> call<00:42:52.880> them<00:42:53.520> automatic 00:42:53.990 --> 00:42:54.000 align:start position:0% people will simply call them automatic 00:42:54.000 --> 00:42:55.109 align:start position:0% people will simply call them automatic boats<00:42:54.480> or 00:42:55.109 --> 00:42:55.119 align:start position:0% boats or 00:42:55.119 --> 00:42:58.950 align:start position:0% boats or or<00:42:55.760> or<00:42:56.800> you<00:42:56.960> know 00:42:58.950 --> 00:42:58.960 align:start position:0% or or you know 00:42:58.960 --> 00:43:01.109 align:start position:0% or or you know mobile<00:42:59.280> sensors<00:43:00.000> or<00:43:00.160> something<00:43:00.480> like<00:43:00.720> that 00:43:01.109 --> 00:43:01.119 align:start position:0% mobile sensors or something like that 00:43:01.119 --> 00:43:03.430 align:start position:0% mobile sensors or something like that right<00:43:01.839> um 00:43:03.430 --> 00:43:03.440 align:start position:0% right um 00:43:03.440 --> 00:43:05.349 align:start position:0% right um there's<00:43:03.680> another<00:43:03.920> revolution<00:43:04.480> coming<00:43:05.119> in 00:43:05.349 --> 00:43:05.359 align:start position:0% there's another revolution coming in 00:43:05.359 --> 00:43:07.030 align:start position:0% there's another revolution coming in autonomous<00:43:05.920> cars 00:43:07.030 --> 00:43:07.040 align:start position:0% autonomous cars 00:43:07.040 --> 00:43:08.390 align:start position:0% autonomous cars i<00:43:07.119> don't<00:43:07.280> work<00:43:07.520> in<00:43:07.599> the<00:43:07.760> area<00:43:08.000> but<00:43:08.160> there<00:43:08.319> are 00:43:08.390 --> 00:43:08.400 align:start position:0% i don't work in the area but there are 00:43:08.400 --> 00:43:09.910 align:start position:0% i don't work in the area but there are several<00:43:08.800> others<00:43:09.040> who<00:43:09.119> do<00:43:09.359> i<00:43:09.520> imagine<00:43:09.760> you're 00:43:09.910 --> 00:43:09.920 align:start position:0% several others who do i imagine you're 00:43:09.920 --> 00:43:10.790 align:start position:0% several others who do i imagine you're going<00:43:10.079> to<00:43:10.160> talk<00:43:10.319> to<00:43:10.480> them 00:43:10.790 --> 00:43:10.800 align:start position:0% going to talk to them 00:43:10.800 --> 00:43:12.630 align:start position:0% going to talk to them right<00:43:11.359> and<00:43:11.440> it's<00:43:11.599> dramatic<00:43:12.160> how<00:43:12.240> much<00:43:12.480> is 00:43:12.630 --> 00:43:12.640 align:start position:0% right and it's dramatic how much is 00:43:12.640 --> 00:43:14.309 align:start position:0% right and it's dramatic how much is changing 00:43:14.309 --> 00:43:14.319 align:start position:0% changing 00:43:14.319 --> 00:43:17.670 align:start position:0% changing but<00:43:14.560> my<00:43:14.800> suspicion<00:43:15.359> is<00:43:15.520> that<00:43:16.800> 30<00:43:17.119> to<00:43:17.200> 40<00:43:17.440> years 00:43:17.670 --> 00:43:17.680 align:start position:0% but my suspicion is that 30 to 40 years 00:43:17.680 --> 00:43:19.030 align:start position:0% but my suspicion is that 30 to 40 years from<00:43:17.839> now<00:43:18.000> we<00:43:18.160> will<00:43:18.319> all<00:43:18.560> drive 00:43:19.030 --> 00:43:19.040 align:start position:0% from now we will all drive 00:43:19.040 --> 00:43:20.870 align:start position:0% from now we will all drive cars<00:43:19.440> that<00:43:19.599> will<00:43:19.760> be<00:43:19.920> significantly<00:43:20.720> more 00:43:20.870 --> 00:43:20.880 align:start position:0% cars that will be significantly more 00:43:20.880 --> 00:43:22.950 align:start position:0% cars that will be significantly more autonomous<00:43:21.440> than<00:43:21.680> what<00:43:21.839> we<00:43:22.000> drive<00:43:22.240> today 00:43:22.950 --> 00:43:22.960 align:start position:0% autonomous than what we drive today 00:43:22.960 --> 00:43:24.390 align:start position:0% autonomous than what we drive today but<00:43:23.119> we<00:43:23.280> will<00:43:23.440> not<00:43:23.520> call<00:43:23.680> them<00:43:23.839> robots<00:43:24.240> we'll 00:43:24.390 --> 00:43:24.400 align:start position:0% but we will not call them robots we'll 00:43:24.400 --> 00:43:26.550 align:start position:0% but we will not call them robots we'll still<00:43:24.640> call<00:43:24.800> them<00:43:24.960> cars<00:43:25.760> they'll<00:43:26.000> just<00:43:26.160> be 00:43:26.550 --> 00:43:26.560 align:start position:0% still call them cars they'll just be 00:43:26.560 --> 00:43:29.589 align:start position:0% still call them cars they'll just be they'll<00:43:26.880> just<00:43:27.040> be<00:43:28.319> more<00:43:28.560> than<00:43:28.800> above<00:43:28.880> us<00:43:29.200> right 00:43:29.589 --> 00:43:29.599 align:start position:0% they'll just be more than above us right 00:43:29.599 --> 00:43:31.270 align:start position:0% they'll just be more than above us right so<00:43:29.760> robotic<00:43:30.240> technologies<00:43:30.880> like<00:43:31.040> some 00:43:31.270 --> 00:43:31.280 align:start position:0% so robotic technologies like some 00:43:31.280 --> 00:43:33.670 align:start position:0% so robotic technologies like some technologies<00:43:32.400> do<00:43:32.560> have<00:43:32.720> the<00:43:32.880> potential<00:43:33.440> to<00:43:33.520> be 00:43:33.670 --> 00:43:33.680 align:start position:0% technologies do have the potential to be 00:43:33.680 --> 00:43:35.109 align:start position:0% technologies do have the potential to be very<00:43:33.920> successful 00:43:35.109 --> 00:43:35.119 align:start position:0% very successful 00:43:35.119 --> 00:43:37.109 align:start position:0% very successful but<00:43:35.599> but<00:43:35.839> when<00:43:36.079> they<00:43:36.240> are<00:43:36.640> when<00:43:36.800> they're<00:43:36.960> very 00:43:37.109 --> 00:43:37.119 align:start position:0% but but when they are when they're very 00:43:37.119 --> 00:43:38.470 align:start position:0% but but when they are when they're very successful<00:43:37.520> very<00:43:37.760> often<00:43:38.000> they're<00:43:38.160> not 00:43:38.470 --> 00:43:38.480 align:start position:0% successful very often they're not 00:43:38.480 --> 00:43:40.630 align:start position:0% successful very often they're not identified<00:43:39.119> as<00:43:39.200> being<00:43:39.440> robotic<00:43:39.839> technologies 00:43:40.630 --> 00:43:40.640 align:start position:0% identified as being robotic technologies 00:43:40.640 --> 00:43:43.750 align:start position:0% identified as being robotic technologies right 00:43:43.750 --> 00:43:43.760 align:start position:0% 00:43:43.760 --> 00:43:45.750 align:start position:0% another<00:43:44.240> area<00:43:44.720> in<00:43:44.800> which<00:43:45.040> i<00:43:45.119> think<00:43:45.280> robotic 00:43:45.750 --> 00:43:45.760 align:start position:0% another area in which i think robotic 00:43:45.760 --> 00:43:47.349 align:start position:0% another area in which i think robotic technologies<00:43:46.240> have<00:43:46.319> had<00:43:46.480> tremendous<00:43:47.040> impact 00:43:47.349 --> 00:43:47.359 align:start position:0% technologies have had tremendous impact 00:43:47.359 --> 00:43:49.349 align:start position:0% technologies have had tremendous impact which<00:43:47.599> is<00:43:47.680> not<00:43:47.920> widely<00:43:48.319> recognized 00:43:49.349 --> 00:43:49.359 align:start position:0% which is not widely recognized 00:43:49.359 --> 00:43:53.589 align:start position:0% which is not widely recognized is<00:43:49.520> the<00:43:49.599> genomic<00:43:50.000> revolution<00:43:51.520> right<00:43:52.319> so 00:43:53.589 --> 00:43:53.599 align:start position:0% is the genomic revolution right so 00:43:53.599 --> 00:43:56.390 align:start position:0% is the genomic revolution right so if<00:43:53.680> you<00:43:53.839> want<00:43:54.079> to<00:43:54.160> do<00:43:54.400> large<00:43:54.640> scale<00:43:54.880> sequencing 00:43:56.390 --> 00:43:56.400 align:start position:0% if you want to do large scale sequencing 00:43:56.400 --> 00:43:57.109 align:start position:0% if you want to do large scale sequencing then 00:43:57.109 --> 00:43:57.119 align:start position:0% then 00:43:57.119 --> 00:43:59.349 align:start position:0% then a<00:43:57.280> lot<00:43:57.520> of<00:43:57.680> the<00:43:58.240> grunt<00:43:58.560> work<00:43:58.960> is<00:43:59.040> done<00:43:59.200> by 00:43:59.349 --> 00:43:59.359 align:start position:0% a lot of the grunt work is done by 00:43:59.359 --> 00:44:00.390 align:start position:0% a lot of the grunt work is done by robots 00:44:00.390 --> 00:44:00.400 align:start position:0% robots 00:44:00.400 --> 00:44:01.589 align:start position:0% robots and<00:44:00.560> these<00:44:00.720> are<00:44:00.800> robots<00:44:01.200> that<00:44:01.359> are<00:44:01.440> in<00:44:01.520> the 00:44:01.589 --> 00:44:01.599 align:start position:0% and these are robots that are in the 00:44:01.599 --> 00:44:03.270 align:start position:0% and these are robots that are in the back<00:44:01.760> room<00:44:02.079> usually<00:44:02.560> right<00:44:02.720> you<00:44:02.880> don't<00:44:03.119> see 00:44:03.270 --> 00:44:03.280 align:start position:0% back room usually right you don't see 00:44:03.280 --> 00:44:03.910 align:start position:0% back room usually right you don't see them 00:44:03.910 --> 00:44:03.920 align:start position:0% them 00:44:03.920 --> 00:44:05.430 align:start position:0% them they're<00:44:04.160> bench<00:44:04.480> top<00:44:04.720> robots<00:44:05.119> that<00:44:05.280> do 00:44:05.430 --> 00:44:05.440 align:start position:0% they're bench top robots that do 00:44:05.440 --> 00:44:07.109 align:start position:0% they're bench top robots that do chemistry<00:44:05.920> they<00:44:06.079> do<00:44:06.240> the<00:44:06.400> repetitive 00:44:07.109 --> 00:44:07.119 align:start position:0% chemistry they do the repetitive 00:44:07.119 --> 00:44:10.309 align:start position:0% chemistry they do the repetitive aspects<00:44:07.520> of<00:44:07.680> chemistry<00:44:08.720> right<00:44:09.440> handling 00:44:10.309 --> 00:44:10.319 align:start position:0% aspects of chemistry right handling 00:44:10.319 --> 00:44:12.790 align:start position:0% aspects of chemistry right handling handling<00:44:11.359> micro<00:44:11.760> vials<00:44:12.160> and<00:44:12.319> moving<00:44:12.560> things 00:44:12.790 --> 00:44:12.800 align:start position:0% handling micro vials and moving things 00:44:12.800 --> 00:44:14.550 align:start position:0% handling micro vials and moving things around<00:44:13.200> and<00:44:13.280> mixing<00:44:13.680> things<00:44:14.160> and 00:44:14.550 --> 00:44:14.560 align:start position:0% around and mixing things and 00:44:14.560 --> 00:44:17.109 align:start position:0% around and mixing things and things<00:44:14.800> like<00:44:14.960> that<00:44:15.119> right<00:44:15.920> and<00:44:16.720> there's<00:44:16.960> a<00:44:16.960> lot 00:44:17.109 --> 00:44:17.119 align:start position:0% things like that right and there's a lot 00:44:17.119 --> 00:44:18.870 align:start position:0% things like that right and there's a lot of<00:44:17.200> sophisticated<00:44:17.839> robotics<00:44:18.319> that<00:44:18.480> happens 00:44:18.870 --> 00:44:18.880 align:start position:0% of sophisticated robotics that happens 00:44:18.880 --> 00:44:20.710 align:start position:0% of sophisticated robotics that happens in<00:44:19.040> order<00:44:19.280> to<00:44:19.520> streamline<00:44:20.000> that<00:44:20.240> and<00:44:20.319> smoothen 00:44:20.710 --> 00:44:20.720 align:start position:0% in order to streamline that and smoothen 00:44:20.720 --> 00:44:21.510 align:start position:0% in order to streamline that and smoothen it<00:44:20.880> out 00:44:21.510 --> 00:44:21.520 align:start position:0% it out 00:44:21.520 --> 00:44:23.589 align:start position:0% it out undoubtedly<00:44:22.079> in<00:44:22.240> a<00:44:22.319> structured<00:44:22.800> environment 00:44:23.589 --> 00:44:23.599 align:start position:0% undoubtedly in a structured environment 00:44:23.599 --> 00:44:24.870 align:start position:0% undoubtedly in a structured environment but<00:44:23.760> it's<00:44:23.920> a<00:44:24.160> it's<00:44:24.480> it 00:44:24.870 --> 00:44:24.880 align:start position:0% but it's a it's it 00:44:24.880 --> 00:44:26.710 align:start position:0% but it's a it's it the<00:44:25.200> the<00:44:25.839> the<00:44:26.000> field<00:44:26.240> would<00:44:26.400> not<00:44:26.560> have 00:44:26.710 --> 00:44:26.720 align:start position:0% the the the field would not have 00:44:26.720 --> 00:44:28.550 align:start position:0% the the the field would not have advanced<00:44:27.200> as<00:44:27.359> rapidly 00:44:28.550 --> 00:44:28.560 align:start position:0% advanced as rapidly 00:44:28.560 --> 00:44:30.470 align:start position:0% advanced as rapidly were<00:44:28.800> it<00:44:28.880> not<00:44:29.040> for<00:44:29.200> that<00:44:29.440> success<00:44:30.079> so<00:44:30.240> there 00:44:30.470 --> 00:44:30.480 align:start position:0% were it not for that success so there 00:44:30.480 --> 00:44:32.390 align:start position:0% were it not for that success so there are<00:44:30.560> some<00:44:31.119> curious<00:44:31.520> aspects<00:44:31.920> to<00:44:32.000> robotic 00:44:32.390 --> 00:44:32.400 align:start position:0% are some curious aspects to robotic 00:44:32.400 --> 00:44:35.270 align:start position:0% are some curious aspects to robotic technology<00:44:32.880> one<00:44:33.119> it's<00:44:33.280> very<00:44:33.440> broad 00:44:35.270 --> 00:44:35.280 align:start position:0% technology one it's very broad 00:44:35.280 --> 00:44:37.349 align:start position:0% technology one it's very broad two<00:44:35.680> it<00:44:35.839> has<00:44:36.160> tremendous<00:44:36.640> impact<00:44:36.960> but<00:44:37.119> very 00:44:37.349 --> 00:44:37.359 align:start position:0% two it has tremendous impact but very 00:44:37.359 --> 00:44:39.670 align:start position:0% two it has tremendous impact but very often<00:44:37.599> the<00:44:37.760> impact<00:44:38.000> tends<00:44:38.240> to<00:44:38.400> be<00:44:38.560> siloed 00:44:39.670 --> 00:44:39.680 align:start position:0% often the impact tends to be siloed 00:44:39.680 --> 00:44:41.750 align:start position:0% often the impact tends to be siloed and<00:44:39.839> then<00:44:40.160> gets<00:44:40.400> subsumed<00:44:40.960> within<00:44:41.280> some<00:44:41.520> other 00:44:41.750 --> 00:44:41.760 align:start position:0% and then gets subsumed within some other 00:44:41.760 --> 00:44:43.430 align:start position:0% and then gets subsumed within some other bigger<00:44:42.079> field<00:44:42.560> and 00:44:43.430 --> 00:44:43.440 align:start position:0% bigger field and 00:44:43.440 --> 00:44:45.349 align:start position:0% bigger field and it's<00:44:44.000> less<00:44:44.240> clear<00:44:44.480> to<00:44:44.640> people<00:44:44.960> that<00:44:45.119> it's<00:44:45.280> a 00:44:45.349 --> 00:44:45.359 align:start position:0% it's less clear to people that it's a 00:44:45.359 --> 00:44:47.030 align:start position:0% it's less clear to people that it's a robotic<00:44:45.760> technology<00:44:46.240> that's<00:44:46.480> at<00:44:46.640> the<00:44:46.720> impact 00:44:47.030 --> 00:44:47.040 align:start position:0% robotic technology that's at the impact 00:44:47.040 --> 00:44:48.870 align:start position:0% robotic technology that's at the impact but<00:44:47.280> rather<00:44:47.520> something<00:44:47.920> else 00:44:48.870 --> 00:44:48.880 align:start position:0% but rather something else 00:44:48.880 --> 00:44:50.870 align:start position:0% but rather something else and<00:44:49.119> three<00:44:49.520> of<00:44:49.599> course<00:44:49.920> is<00:44:50.079> that<00:44:50.240> the<00:44:50.480> truly 00:44:50.870 --> 00:44:50.880 align:start position:0% and three of course is that the truly 00:44:50.880 --> 00:44:52.630 align:start position:0% and three of course is that the truly general<00:44:51.280> purpose<00:44:51.680> or<00:44:51.839> at<00:44:51.920> least<00:44:52.240> somewhat 00:44:52.630 --> 00:44:52.640 align:start position:0% general purpose or at least somewhat 00:44:52.640 --> 00:44:53.829 align:start position:0% general purpose or at least somewhat general<00:44:52.960> purpose<00:44:53.359> robot 00:44:53.829 --> 00:44:53.839 align:start position:0% general purpose robot 00:44:53.839 --> 00:44:55.750 align:start position:0% general purpose robot still<00:44:54.079> remains<00:44:54.880> a<00:44:54.960> difficult<00:44:55.359> problem 00:44:55.750 --> 00:44:55.760 align:start position:0% still remains a difficult problem 00:44:55.760 --> 00:44:56.870 align:start position:0% still remains a difficult problem fundamentally<00:44:56.400> right<00:44:56.560> so 00:44:56.870 --> 00:44:56.880 align:start position:0% fundamentally right so 00:44:56.880 --> 00:44:58.950 align:start position:0% fundamentally right so there's<00:44:57.040> some<00:44:57.280> confluence<00:44:57.839> of<00:44:58.000> each<00:44:58.160> of<00:44:58.240> these 00:44:58.950 --> 00:44:58.960 align:start position:0% there's some confluence of each of these 00:44:58.960 --> 00:45:01.589 align:start position:0% there's some confluence of each of these um<00:44:59.599> but<00:44:59.760> i<00:44:59.839> want<00:44:59.920> to<00:45:00.000> say<00:45:00.160> one<00:45:00.319> thing 00:45:01.589 --> 00:45:01.599 align:start position:0% um but i want to say one thing 00:45:01.599 --> 00:45:03.829 align:start position:0% um but i want to say one thing this<00:45:01.760> is<00:45:01.839> not<00:45:02.079> a<00:45:02.160> complaint<00:45:02.960> right<00:45:03.440> this<00:45:03.599> is 00:45:03.829 --> 00:45:03.839 align:start position:0% this is not a complaint right this is 00:45:03.839 --> 00:45:05.109 align:start position:0% this is not a complaint right this is this<00:45:04.079> is<00:45:04.240> good<00:45:04.560> right<00:45:04.720> this<00:45:04.960> is<00:45:05.040> the 00:45:05.109 --> 00:45:05.119 align:start position:0% this is good right this is the 00:45:05.119 --> 00:45:06.870 align:start position:0% this is good right this is the excitement<00:45:05.599> of<00:45:05.680> robotics<00:45:06.240> it's<00:45:06.400> the<00:45:06.480> ability 00:45:06.870 --> 00:45:06.880 align:start position:0% excitement of robotics it's the ability 00:45:06.880 --> 00:45:08.710 align:start position:0% excitement of robotics it's the ability to<00:45:07.040> make<00:45:07.280> an<00:45:07.440> impact 00:45:08.710 --> 00:45:08.720 align:start position:0% to make an impact 00:45:08.720 --> 00:45:11.349 align:start position:0% to make an impact in<00:45:08.960> so<00:45:09.200> many<00:45:09.440> different<00:45:09.839> ways<00:45:10.400> is<00:45:10.640> is<00:45:10.800> in<00:45:10.880> fact 00:45:11.349 --> 00:45:11.359 align:start position:0% in so many different ways is is in fact 00:45:11.359 --> 00:45:13.109 align:start position:0% in so many different ways is is in fact what's<00:45:11.599> interesting<00:45:12.079> about<00:45:12.319> it<00:45:12.480> right 00:45:13.109 --> 00:45:13.119 align:start position:0% what's interesting about it right 00:45:13.119 --> 00:45:14.630 align:start position:0% what's interesting about it right and<00:45:13.280> i<00:45:13.359> think<00:45:13.599> it's<00:45:13.760> part<00:45:13.920> of<00:45:14.000> the<00:45:14.079> reasons<00:45:14.400> why 00:45:14.630 --> 00:45:14.640 align:start position:0% and i think it's part of the reasons why 00:45:14.640 --> 00:45:16.069 align:start position:0% and i think it's part of the reasons why i<00:45:14.800> originally<00:45:15.280> became<00:45:15.599> interested<00:45:16.000> in 00:45:16.069 --> 00:45:16.079 align:start position:0% i originally became interested in 00:45:16.079 --> 00:45:17.589 align:start position:0% i originally became interested in robotics<00:45:16.720> because 00:45:17.589 --> 00:45:17.599 align:start position:0% robotics because 00:45:17.599 --> 00:45:19.270 align:start position:0% robotics because it's<00:45:17.839> the<00:45:18.000> kind<00:45:18.240> of<00:45:18.400> field<00:45:18.720> you<00:45:18.800> can<00:45:18.960> become 00:45:19.270 --> 00:45:19.280 align:start position:0% it's the kind of field you can become 00:45:19.280 --> 00:45:21.109 align:start position:0% it's the kind of field you can become interested<00:45:19.680> in<00:45:19.839> from<00:45:20.079> almost<00:45:20.480> any<00:45:20.720> vantage 00:45:21.109 --> 00:45:21.119 align:start position:0% interested in from almost any vantage 00:45:21.119 --> 00:45:22.630 align:start position:0% interested in from almost any vantage point<00:45:21.440> in<00:45:21.599> engineering 00:45:22.630 --> 00:45:22.640 align:start position:0% point in engineering 00:45:22.640 --> 00:45:24.470 align:start position:0% point in engineering and<00:45:22.880> in<00:45:22.960> fact<00:45:23.200> even<00:45:23.440> beyond<00:45:23.839> engineering<00:45:24.319> to 00:45:24.470 --> 00:45:24.480 align:start position:0% and in fact even beyond engineering to 00:45:24.480 --> 00:45:25.910 align:start position:0% and in fact even beyond engineering to some<00:45:24.640> extent<00:45:25.359> but 00:45:25.910 --> 00:45:25.920 align:start position:0% some extent but 00:45:25.920 --> 00:45:27.829 align:start position:0% some extent but i'll<00:45:26.160> restrict<00:45:26.560> myself<00:45:26.800> to<00:45:26.960> engineering<00:45:27.680> you 00:45:27.829 --> 00:45:27.839 align:start position:0% i'll restrict myself to engineering you 00:45:27.839 --> 00:45:29.270 align:start position:0% i'll restrict myself to engineering you may<00:45:28.000> almost<00:45:28.240> any<00:45:28.400> kind<00:45:28.560> of<00:45:28.720> engineer<00:45:29.119> and<00:45:29.200> be 00:45:29.270 --> 00:45:29.280 align:start position:0% may almost any kind of engineer and be 00:45:29.280 --> 00:45:30.870 align:start position:0% may almost any kind of engineer and be interested<00:45:29.680> in<00:45:29.760> these<00:45:29.920> technologies<00:45:30.560> it's<00:45:30.720> a 00:45:30.870 --> 00:45:30.880 align:start position:0% interested in these technologies it's a 00:45:30.880 --> 00:45:31.349 align:start position:0% interested in these technologies it's a draw 00:45:31.349 --> 00:45:31.359 align:start position:0% draw 00:45:31.359 --> 00:45:33.190 align:start position:0% draw right<00:45:31.599> there's<00:45:31.839> so<00:45:32.000> many<00:45:32.240> open<00:45:32.560> areas<00:45:32.960> and<00:45:33.040> so 00:45:33.190 --> 00:45:33.200 align:start position:0% right there's so many open areas and so 00:45:33.200 --> 00:45:34.710 align:start position:0% right there's so many open areas and so many<00:45:33.359> ways<00:45:33.520> to<00:45:33.599> make<00:45:33.760> contributions 00:45:34.710 --> 00:45:34.720 align:start position:0% many ways to make contributions 00:45:34.720 --> 00:45:36.150 align:start position:0% many ways to make contributions so<00:45:34.880> i<00:45:34.960> view<00:45:35.119> these<00:45:35.280> things<00:45:35.440> as<00:45:35.599> positives<00:45:36.079> i 00:45:36.150 --> 00:45:36.160 align:start position:0% so i view these things as positives i 00:45:36.160 --> 00:45:38.069 align:start position:0% so i view these things as positives i don't<00:45:36.319> view<00:45:36.480> them<00:45:36.720> as<00:45:37.119> oh<00:45:37.280> it's<00:45:37.440> too<00:45:37.680> bad<00:45:38.000> you 00:45:38.069 --> 00:45:38.079 align:start position:0% don't view them as oh it's too bad you 00:45:38.079 --> 00:45:38.790 align:start position:0% don't view them as oh it's too bad you know<00:45:38.240> i<00:45:38.400> i 00:45:38.790 --> 00:45:38.800 align:start position:0% know i i 00:45:38.800 --> 00:45:40.470 align:start position:0% know i i i<00:45:39.119> think<00:45:39.359> i<00:45:39.440> think<00:45:39.599> this<00:45:39.760> is<00:45:39.920> a<00:45:40.000> this<00:45:40.160> is<00:45:40.240> one<00:45:40.400> of 00:45:40.470 --> 00:45:40.480 align:start position:0% i think i think this is a this is one of 00:45:40.480 --> 00:45:43.109 align:start position:0% i think i think this is a this is one of the<00:45:40.560> good<00:45:40.720> things<00:45:40.960> about<00:45:41.119> robotics 00:45:43.109 --> 00:45:43.119 align:start position:0% the good things about robotics 00:45:43.119 --> 00:45:44.390 align:start position:0% the good things about robotics how<00:45:43.200> do<00:45:43.280> you<00:45:43.359> see<00:45:43.520> the<00:45:43.599> relation<00:45:44.000> of<00:45:44.160> your<00:45:44.240> work 00:45:44.390 --> 00:45:44.400 align:start position:0% how do you see the relation of your work 00:45:44.400 --> 00:45:47.990 align:start position:0% how do you see the relation of your work to<00:45:44.560> ubiquitous<00:45:45.200> computing 00:45:47.990 --> 00:45:48.000 align:start position:0% 00:45:48.000 --> 00:45:51.270 align:start position:0% yeah<00:45:48.319> so<00:45:48.800> uh<00:45:49.680> much<00:45:49.920> of<00:45:50.079> the<00:45:50.560> much<00:45:50.800> of<00:45:50.880> the<00:45:51.040> work 00:45:51.270 --> 00:45:51.280 align:start position:0% yeah so uh much of the much of the work 00:45:51.280 --> 00:45:52.150 align:start position:0% yeah so uh much of the much of the work we 00:45:52.150 --> 00:45:52.160 align:start position:0% we 00:45:52.160 --> 00:45:53.990 align:start position:0% we we<00:45:52.319> did<00:45:52.560> in<00:45:52.640> the<00:45:52.720> early<00:45:53.440> part<00:45:53.599> of<00:45:53.680> the<00:45:53.680> past 00:45:53.990 --> 00:45:54.000 align:start position:0% we did in the early part of the past 00:45:54.000 --> 00:45:55.670 align:start position:0% we did in the early part of the past decade<00:45:54.480> on<00:45:54.640> network<00:45:55.040> robots 00:45:55.670 --> 00:45:55.680 align:start position:0% decade on network robots 00:45:55.680 --> 00:45:56.950 align:start position:0% decade on network robots had<00:45:56.000> some<00:45:56.160> strong<00:45:56.400> connections<00:45:56.880> with 00:45:56.950 --> 00:45:56.960 align:start position:0% had some strong connections with 00:45:56.960 --> 00:45:59.510 align:start position:0% had some strong connections with ubiquitous<00:45:57.599> computing<00:45:58.560> because<00:45:59.119> we 00:45:59.510 --> 00:45:59.520 align:start position:0% ubiquitous computing because we 00:45:59.520 --> 00:46:01.829 align:start position:0% ubiquitous computing because we we<00:45:59.680> were<00:46:00.240> and<00:46:00.640> to<00:46:00.800> some<00:46:00.960> extent<00:46:01.280> continue<00:46:01.680> to 00:46:01.829 --> 00:46:01.839 align:start position:0% we were and to some extent continue to 00:46:01.839 --> 00:46:02.630 align:start position:0% we were and to some extent continue to work<00:46:02.240> on 00:46:02.630 --> 00:46:02.640 align:start position:0% work on 00:46:02.640 --> 00:46:04.550 align:start position:0% work on robots<00:46:03.040> that<00:46:03.359> exploit<00:46:03.839> the<00:46:04.000> fact<00:46:04.240> that<00:46:04.400> there 00:46:04.550 --> 00:46:04.560 align:start position:0% robots that exploit the fact that there 00:46:04.560 --> 00:46:06.309 align:start position:0% robots that exploit the fact that there is<00:46:04.640> other<00:46:04.880> computation<00:46:05.520> in<00:46:05.599> their<00:46:05.760> vicinity 00:46:06.309 --> 00:46:06.319 align:start position:0% is other computation in their vicinity 00:46:06.319 --> 00:46:07.750 align:start position:0% is other computation in their vicinity that<00:46:06.480> they<00:46:06.640> could<00:46:06.800> use 00:46:07.750 --> 00:46:07.760 align:start position:0% that they could use 00:46:07.760 --> 00:46:09.589 align:start position:0% that they could use so<00:46:07.920> some<00:46:08.079> of<00:46:08.319> our<00:46:08.400> work<00:46:08.640> on<00:46:08.720> network<00:46:09.119> robots 00:46:09.589 --> 00:46:09.599 align:start position:0% so some of our work on network robots 00:46:09.599 --> 00:46:10.790 align:start position:0% so some of our work on network robots for<00:46:09.760> example 00:46:10.790 --> 00:46:10.800 align:start position:0% for example 00:46:10.800 --> 00:46:12.710 align:start position:0% for example relies<00:46:11.359> on<00:46:11.520> computation<00:46:12.160> that's<00:46:12.400> happening 00:46:12.710 --> 00:46:12.720 align:start position:0% relies on computation that's happening 00:46:12.720 --> 00:46:14.390 align:start position:0% relies on computation that's happening outside<00:46:13.200> the<00:46:13.359> robot 00:46:14.390 --> 00:46:14.400 align:start position:0% outside the robot 00:46:14.400 --> 00:46:16.309 align:start position:0% outside the robot relies<00:46:14.880> on<00:46:15.040> a<00:46:15.119> network<00:46:15.520> to<00:46:15.680> supply 00:46:16.309 --> 00:46:16.319 align:start position:0% relies on a network to supply 00:46:16.319 --> 00:46:17.430 align:start position:0% relies on a network to supply information 00:46:17.430 --> 00:46:17.440 align:start position:0% information 00:46:17.440 --> 00:46:20.710 align:start position:0% information and<00:46:17.920> and<00:46:18.800> say<00:46:18.960> for<00:46:19.200> navigation<00:46:20.240> or 00:46:20.710 --> 00:46:20.720 align:start position:0% and and say for navigation or 00:46:20.720 --> 00:46:22.710 align:start position:0% and and say for navigation or safe<00:46:21.040> for<00:46:21.680> finding<00:46:22.079> things<00:46:22.400> in<00:46:22.560> an 00:46:22.710 --> 00:46:22.720 align:start position:0% safe for finding things in an 00:46:22.720 --> 00:46:24.390 align:start position:0% safe for finding things in an environment<00:46:23.440> things<00:46:23.680> of<00:46:23.760> that<00:46:24.000> kind 00:46:24.390 --> 00:46:24.400 align:start position:0% environment things of that kind 00:46:24.400 --> 00:46:28.150 align:start position:0% environment things of that kind right<00:46:25.040> and<00:46:25.280> so<00:46:26.400> pervasive<00:46:27.359> or<00:46:27.440> ubiquitous 00:46:28.150 --> 00:46:28.160 align:start position:0% right and so pervasive or ubiquitous 00:46:28.160 --> 00:46:31.190 align:start position:0% right and so pervasive or ubiquitous computing<00:46:29.119> has<00:46:29.359> been<00:46:29.760> an<00:46:30.000> interesting<00:46:30.960> has 00:46:31.190 --> 00:46:31.200 align:start position:0% computing has been an interesting has 00:46:31.200 --> 00:46:32.390 align:start position:0% computing has been an interesting has sort<00:46:31.359> of<00:46:31.440> been<00:46:31.599> an<00:46:31.760> interesting 00:46:32.390 --> 00:46:32.400 align:start position:0% sort of been an interesting 00:46:32.400 --> 00:46:34.870 align:start position:0% sort of been an interesting uh<00:46:33.440> interesting<00:46:33.839> way<00:46:34.000> to<00:46:34.160> think<00:46:34.400> about 00:46:34.870 --> 00:46:34.880 align:start position:0% uh interesting way to think about 00:46:34.880 --> 00:46:35.910 align:start position:0% uh interesting way to think about robotics 00:46:35.910 --> 00:46:35.920 align:start position:0% robotics 00:46:35.920 --> 00:46:37.990 align:start position:0% robotics particularly<00:46:36.560> with<00:46:36.720> the<00:46:36.960> built<00:46:37.280> environment 00:46:37.990 --> 00:46:38.000 align:start position:0% particularly with the built environment 00:46:38.000 --> 00:46:40.790 align:start position:0% particularly with the built environment being<00:46:38.400> so<00:46:38.880> instrumented<00:46:39.680> today 00:46:40.790 --> 00:46:40.800 align:start position:0% being so instrumented today 00:46:40.800 --> 00:46:42.550 align:start position:0% being so instrumented today there's<00:46:41.040> i<00:46:41.200> think<00:46:41.359> significant<00:46:41.920> potential 00:46:42.550 --> 00:46:42.560 align:start position:0% there's i think significant potential 00:46:42.560 --> 00:46:44.390 align:start position:0% there's i think significant potential for<00:46:43.440> thinking<00:46:43.839> about 00:46:44.390 --> 00:46:44.400 align:start position:0% for thinking about 00:46:44.400 --> 00:46:46.630 align:start position:0% for thinking about robots<00:46:44.880> that<00:46:45.040> have<00:46:45.359> just<00:46:45.599> enough<00:46:45.920> autonomy<00:46:46.560> to 00:46:46.630 --> 00:46:46.640 align:start position:0% robots that have just enough autonomy to 00:46:46.640 --> 00:46:48.309 align:start position:0% robots that have just enough autonomy to do<00:46:46.800> useful<00:46:47.280> things<00:46:47.760> in<00:46:47.839> the<00:46:48.000> built 00:46:48.309 --> 00:46:48.319 align:start position:0% do useful things in the built 00:46:48.319 --> 00:46:49.190 align:start position:0% do useful things in the built environment 00:46:49.190 --> 00:46:49.200 align:start position:0% environment 00:46:49.200 --> 00:46:51.109 align:start position:0% environment but<00:46:49.359> they<00:46:49.520> rely<00:46:49.920> extensively<00:46:50.560> on<00:46:50.720> embedded 00:46:51.109 --> 00:46:51.119 align:start position:0% but they rely extensively on embedded 00:46:51.119 --> 00:46:53.510 align:start position:0% but they rely extensively on embedded infrastructure<00:46:51.920> in<00:46:52.000> the<00:46:52.160> built<00:46:52.400> environment 00:46:53.510 --> 00:46:53.520 align:start position:0% infrastructure in the built environment 00:46:53.520 --> 00:46:56.390 align:start position:0% infrastructure in the built environment and<00:46:54.240> such<00:46:54.560> systems<00:46:55.040> i<00:46:55.119> think<00:46:55.440> are<00:46:55.920> are<00:46:56.000> making 00:46:56.390 --> 00:46:56.400 align:start position:0% and such systems i think are are making 00:46:56.400 --> 00:46:57.589 align:start position:0% and such systems i think are are making rapid<00:46:56.720> advances 00:46:57.589 --> 00:46:57.599 align:start position:0% rapid advances 00:46:57.599 --> 00:46:59.829 align:start position:0% rapid advances if<00:46:57.760> you<00:46:57.839> want<00:46:58.000> a<00:46:58.079> robot<00:46:58.560> to<00:46:59.200> function<00:46:59.520> in<00:46:59.680> an 00:46:59.829 --> 00:46:59.839 align:start position:0% if you want a robot to function in an 00:46:59.839 --> 00:47:00.710 align:start position:0% if you want a robot to function in an airport 00:47:00.710 --> 00:47:00.720 align:start position:0% airport 00:47:00.720 --> 00:47:03.109 align:start position:0% airport and<00:47:00.880> you<00:47:01.040> want<00:47:01.280> it<00:47:01.440> to<00:47:02.079> ferry<00:47:02.400> people<00:47:02.720> from<00:47:02.880> one 00:47:03.109 --> 00:47:03.119 align:start position:0% and you want it to ferry people from one 00:47:03.119 --> 00:47:03.910 align:start position:0% and you want it to ferry people from one gate<00:47:03.359> to<00:47:03.440> the<00:47:03.599> other 00:47:03.910 --> 00:47:03.920 align:start position:0% gate to the other 00:47:03.920 --> 00:47:05.750 align:start position:0% gate to the other or<00:47:04.079> you<00:47:04.160> want<00:47:04.400> it<00:47:04.480> to<00:47:04.640> do<00:47:04.800> logistics<00:47:05.440> of<00:47:05.520> some 00:47:05.750 --> 00:47:05.760 align:start position:0% or you want it to do logistics of some 00:47:05.760 --> 00:47:07.750 align:start position:0% or you want it to do logistics of some kind<00:47:06.480> you<00:47:06.720> want<00:47:06.960> it<00:47:07.040> to<00:47:07.200> have 00:47:07.750 --> 00:47:07.760 align:start position:0% kind you want it to have 00:47:07.760 --> 00:47:10.069 align:start position:0% kind you want it to have autonomy<00:47:08.400> so<00:47:08.560> that<00:47:08.720> it<00:47:08.800> can<00:47:09.040> navigate<00:47:09.520> its<00:47:09.839> way 00:47:10.069 --> 00:47:10.079 align:start position:0% autonomy so that it can navigate its way 00:47:10.079 --> 00:47:11.670 align:start position:0% autonomy so that it can navigate its way through<00:47:10.319> crowds 00:47:11.670 --> 00:47:11.680 align:start position:0% through crowds 00:47:11.680 --> 00:47:15.430 align:start position:0% through crowds but<00:47:12.960> for<00:47:13.119> it<00:47:13.280> to<00:47:13.839> figure<00:47:14.160> out<00:47:14.480> where<00:47:14.800> it<00:47:14.960> is 00:47:15.430 --> 00:47:15.440 align:start position:0% but for it to figure out where it is 00:47:15.440 --> 00:47:18.230 align:start position:0% but for it to figure out where it is needn't<00:47:15.839> rely<00:47:16.480> necessarily<00:47:17.359> on<00:47:17.520> itself<00:47:18.079> but 00:47:18.230 --> 00:47:18.240 align:start position:0% needn't rely necessarily on itself but 00:47:18.240 --> 00:47:20.630 align:start position:0% needn't rely necessarily on itself but could<00:47:18.480> rely<00:47:18.800> on<00:47:18.960> sensors<00:47:19.359> in<00:47:19.520> the<00:47:19.599> environment 00:47:20.630 --> 00:47:20.640 align:start position:0% could rely on sensors in the environment 00:47:20.640 --> 00:47:21.990 align:start position:0% could rely on sensors in the environment because<00:47:20.880> one<00:47:21.119> can<00:47:21.440> instrument<00:47:21.839> the 00:47:21.990 --> 00:47:22.000 align:start position:0% because one can instrument the 00:47:22.000 --> 00:47:23.510 align:start position:0% because one can instrument the environment<00:47:22.480> to<00:47:22.640> some<00:47:22.880> extent<00:47:23.200> and<00:47:23.359> there's 00:47:23.510 --> 00:47:23.520 align:start position:0% environment to some extent and there's 00:47:23.520 --> 00:47:25.910 align:start position:0% environment to some extent and there's no<00:47:23.920> particular<00:47:24.400> harm<00:47:24.640> in<00:47:24.800> doing<00:47:25.040> so 00:47:25.910 --> 00:47:25.920 align:start position:0% no particular harm in doing so 00:47:25.920 --> 00:47:28.150 align:start position:0% no particular harm in doing so and<00:47:26.240> communication<00:47:26.880> between<00:47:27.280> these<00:47:27.680> embedded 00:47:28.150 --> 00:47:28.160 align:start position:0% and communication between these embedded 00:47:28.160 --> 00:47:29.349 align:start position:0% and communication between these embedded infrastructure<00:47:28.720> in<00:47:28.800> the<00:47:28.880> environment<00:47:29.280> and 00:47:29.349 --> 00:47:29.359 align:start position:0% infrastructure in the environment and 00:47:29.359 --> 00:47:31.829 align:start position:0% infrastructure in the environment and the<00:47:29.440> robot<00:47:29.920> is<00:47:30.000> now<00:47:30.160> a<00:47:30.319> reality 00:47:31.829 --> 00:47:31.839 align:start position:0% the robot is now a reality 00:47:31.839 --> 00:47:33.750 align:start position:0% the robot is now a reality so<00:47:32.000> i<00:47:32.079> think<00:47:32.240> there's<00:47:32.400> an<00:47:32.559> interplay<00:47:33.040> in<00:47:33.440> large 00:47:33.750 --> 00:47:33.760 align:start position:0% so i think there's an interplay in large 00:47:33.760 --> 00:47:35.750 align:start position:0% so i think there's an interplay in large built<00:47:34.160> environments<00:47:34.720> in<00:47:34.800> particular 00:47:35.750 --> 00:47:35.760 align:start position:0% built environments in particular 00:47:35.760 --> 00:47:37.990 align:start position:0% built environments in particular where<00:47:36.160> robots<00:47:36.559> will<00:47:36.800> need<00:47:37.040> autonomy<00:47:37.760> and<00:47:37.839> will 00:47:37.990 --> 00:47:38.000 align:start position:0% where robots will need autonomy and will 00:47:38.000 --> 00:47:39.750 align:start position:0% where robots will need autonomy and will need<00:47:38.160> computation<00:47:38.800> on<00:47:38.960> board 00:47:39.750 --> 00:47:39.760 align:start position:0% need computation on board 00:47:39.760 --> 00:47:41.109 align:start position:0% need computation on board and<00:47:39.920> will<00:47:40.079> need<00:47:40.240> to<00:47:40.319> rely<00:47:40.559> on<00:47:40.720> their<00:47:40.880> own 00:47:41.109 --> 00:47:41.119 align:start position:0% and will need to rely on their own 00:47:41.119 --> 00:47:43.030 align:start position:0% and will need to rely on their own sensing<00:47:41.599> to<00:47:41.760> solve<00:47:42.000> certain<00:47:42.400> problems 00:47:43.030 --> 00:47:43.040 align:start position:0% sensing to solve certain problems 00:47:43.040 --> 00:47:45.030 align:start position:0% sensing to solve certain problems but<00:47:43.200> we'll<00:47:43.440> be<00:47:43.520> able<00:47:43.680> to<00:47:43.760> harness<00:47:44.319> the<00:47:44.640> power 00:47:45.030 --> 00:47:45.040 align:start position:0% but we'll be able to harness the power 00:47:45.040 --> 00:47:47.190 align:start position:0% but we'll be able to harness the power of<00:47:45.599> ubiquitous<00:47:46.160> computing<00:47:46.640> to<00:47:46.720> do<00:47:46.960> other 00:47:47.190 --> 00:47:47.200 align:start position:0% of ubiquitous computing to do other 00:47:47.200 --> 00:47:47.670 align:start position:0% of ubiquitous computing to do other things 00:47:47.670 --> 00:47:47.680 align:start position:0% things 00:47:47.680 --> 00:47:49.109 align:start position:0% things this<00:47:47.920> is<00:47:48.000> an<00:47:48.160> active<00:47:48.400> field<00:47:48.800> people<00:47:49.040> in 00:47:49.109 --> 00:47:49.119 align:start position:0% this is an active field people in 00:47:49.119 --> 00:47:50.950 align:start position:0% this is an active field people in network<00:47:49.440> robots<00:47:49.839> work<00:47:50.079> on<00:47:50.240> it<00:47:50.400> our<00:47:50.640> labs 00:47:50.950 --> 00:47:50.960 align:start position:0% network robots work on it our labs 00:47:50.960 --> 00:47:52.309 align:start position:0% network robots work on it our labs worked<00:47:51.200> on<00:47:51.359> it<00:47:51.520> and<00:47:51.760> several<00:47:52.079> other 00:47:52.309 --> 00:47:52.319 align:start position:0% worked on it and several other 00:47:52.319 --> 00:47:57.510 align:start position:0% worked on it and several other laboratories<00:47:52.880> work<00:47:53.119> on<00:47:53.200> it<00:47:53.359> as<00:47:53.440> well 00:47:57.510 --> 00:47:57.520 align:start position:0% 00:47:57.520 --> 00:48:00.790 align:start position:0% so<00:47:57.680> apart<00:47:58.000> from<00:47:59.040> george<00:47:59.359> becky<00:47:59.839> who<00:48:00.480> else<00:48:00.640> do 00:48:00.790 --> 00:48:00.800 align:start position:0% so apart from george becky who else do 00:48:00.800 --> 00:48:03.109 align:start position:0% so apart from george becky who else do you<00:48:00.880> look<00:48:01.119> to<00:48:01.359> as<00:48:01.520> being<00:48:01.760> your<00:48:02.000> mentors 00:48:03.109 --> 00:48:03.119 align:start position:0% you look to as being your mentors 00:48:03.119 --> 00:48:07.750 align:start position:0% you look to as being your mentors or<00:48:03.280> people<00:48:03.520> who<00:48:03.680> guided<00:48:04.000> you<00:48:04.160> in<00:48:04.240> the<00:48:04.839> field 00:48:07.750 --> 00:48:07.760 align:start position:0% or people who guided you in the field 00:48:07.760 --> 00:48:10.390 align:start position:0% or people who guided you in the field uh<00:48:08.319> so<00:48:08.480> there<00:48:08.720> have<00:48:08.800> been<00:48:09.040> a<00:48:09.359> variety<00:48:09.760> of 00:48:10.390 --> 00:48:10.400 align:start position:0% uh so there have been a variety of 00:48:10.400 --> 00:48:11.030 align:start position:0% uh so there have been a variety of people 00:48:11.030 --> 00:48:11.040 align:start position:0% people 00:48:11.040 --> 00:48:15.030 align:start position:0% people um<00:48:12.880> the 00:48:15.030 --> 00:48:15.040 align:start position:0% um the 00:48:15.040 --> 00:48:18.069 align:start position:0% um the you<00:48:15.200> know<00:48:15.440> some<00:48:16.079> some<00:48:16.319> people<00:48:17.200> uh 00:48:18.069 --> 00:48:18.079 align:start position:0% you know some some people uh 00:48:18.079 --> 00:48:21.030 align:start position:0% you know some some people uh in<00:48:18.160> the<00:48:18.240> field<00:48:18.640> have<00:48:18.720> been<00:48:19.200> inspirational<00:48:20.960> in 00:48:21.030 --> 00:48:21.040 align:start position:0% in the field have been inspirational in 00:48:21.040 --> 00:48:22.470 align:start position:0% in the field have been inspirational in the<00:48:21.200> sense<00:48:21.520> that<00:48:21.839> uh 00:48:22.470 --> 00:48:22.480 align:start position:0% the sense that uh 00:48:22.480 --> 00:48:24.230 align:start position:0% the sense that uh i<00:48:22.640> didn't<00:48:22.880> necessarily<00:48:23.440> ever<00:48:23.680> work<00:48:23.920> with<00:48:24.079> them 00:48:24.230 --> 00:48:24.240 align:start position:0% i didn't necessarily ever work with them 00:48:24.240 --> 00:48:25.670 align:start position:0% i didn't necessarily ever work with them directly<00:48:24.800> but<00:48:25.040> when<00:48:25.200> i 00:48:25.670 --> 00:48:25.680 align:start position:0% directly but when i 00:48:25.680 --> 00:48:27.349 align:start position:0% directly but when i read<00:48:25.920> their<00:48:26.160> work<00:48:26.480> or<00:48:26.640> when<00:48:26.800> i<00:48:26.880> came<00:48:27.119> to<00:48:27.200> know 00:48:27.349 --> 00:48:27.359 align:start position:0% read their work or when i came to know 00:48:27.359 --> 00:48:28.710 align:start position:0% read their work or when i came to know about<00:48:27.520> their<00:48:27.680> work<00:48:27.920> and<00:48:28.000> when<00:48:28.160> i<00:48:28.319> interacted 00:48:28.710 --> 00:48:28.720 align:start position:0% about their work and when i interacted 00:48:28.720 --> 00:48:30.069 align:start position:0% about their work and when i interacted with<00:48:28.880> them<00:48:29.040> informally 00:48:30.069 --> 00:48:30.079 align:start position:0% with them informally 00:48:30.079 --> 00:48:32.309 align:start position:0% with them informally just<00:48:30.319> sort<00:48:30.480> of<00:48:30.640> inspirational<00:48:31.680> that<00:48:31.920> that<00:48:32.079> was 00:48:32.309 --> 00:48:32.319 align:start position:0% just sort of inspirational that that was 00:48:32.319 --> 00:48:33.190 align:start position:0% just sort of inspirational that that was that<00:48:32.480> was<00:48:32.720> really 00:48:33.190 --> 00:48:33.200 align:start position:0% that was really 00:48:33.200 --> 00:48:36.150 align:start position:0% that was really really<00:48:33.440> nice<00:48:34.319> and<00:48:34.480> so<00:48:35.359> so<00:48:35.599> some<00:48:35.760> people<00:48:36.079> of 00:48:36.150 --> 00:48:36.160 align:start position:0% really nice and so so some people of 00:48:36.160 --> 00:48:36.549 align:start position:0% really nice and so so some people of that 00:48:36.549 --> 00:48:36.559 align:start position:0% that 00:48:36.559 --> 00:48:39.670 align:start position:0% that that<00:48:36.800> type<00:48:37.200> are<00:48:37.520> uh 00:48:39.670 --> 00:48:39.680 align:start position:0% that type are uh 00:48:39.680 --> 00:48:42.790 align:start position:0% that type are uh one<00:48:39.920> person<00:48:40.400> who<00:48:40.559> comes<00:48:40.800> to<00:48:40.960> mind<00:48:41.440> um<00:48:42.000> is<00:48:42.319> uh 00:48:42.790 --> 00:48:42.800 align:start position:0% one person who comes to mind um is uh 00:48:42.800 --> 00:48:46.069 align:start position:0% one person who comes to mind um is uh is<00:48:43.040> uh<00:48:43.760> takeo<00:48:44.160> canada<00:48:44.800> at<00:48:44.960> carnegie<00:48:45.440> mellon 00:48:46.069 --> 00:48:46.079 align:start position:0% is uh takeo canada at carnegie mellon 00:48:46.079 --> 00:48:49.030 align:start position:0% is uh takeo canada at carnegie mellon right<00:48:46.640> so<00:48:47.280> he's<00:48:47.599> a<00:48:47.680> computer<00:48:48.160> vision<00:48:48.480> person 00:48:49.030 --> 00:48:49.040 align:start position:0% right so he's a computer vision person 00:48:49.040 --> 00:48:50.950 align:start position:0% right so he's a computer vision person but<00:48:49.200> of<00:48:49.280> course<00:48:49.520> he's<00:48:49.680> made<00:48:49.839> contributions<00:48:50.559> to 00:48:50.950 --> 00:48:50.960 align:start position:0% but of course he's made contributions to 00:48:50.960 --> 00:48:53.270 align:start position:0% but of course he's made contributions to so<00:48:51.119> many<00:48:51.440> areas<00:48:52.000> that<00:48:52.559> labeling<00:48:52.960> him<00:48:53.119> as 00:48:53.270 --> 00:48:53.280 align:start position:0% so many areas that labeling him as 00:48:53.280 --> 00:48:54.390 align:start position:0% so many areas that labeling him as computer<00:48:53.599> vision 00:48:54.390 --> 00:48:54.400 align:start position:0% computer vision 00:48:54.400 --> 00:48:58.950 align:start position:0% computer vision is<00:48:54.640> is<00:48:54.800> not<00:48:55.040> quite<00:48:55.280> fair<00:48:55.760> right<00:48:56.559> and<00:48:56.880> there's<00:48:57.119> a 00:48:58.950 --> 00:48:58.960 align:start position:0% is is not quite fair right and there's a 00:48:58.960 --> 00:49:01.990 align:start position:0% is is not quite fair right and there's a that<00:48:59.200> that<00:48:59.520> sort<00:48:59.680> of<00:48:59.920> was<00:49:00.160> a<00:49:00.960> when<00:49:01.119> i<00:49:01.200> was<00:49:01.440> a 00:49:01.990 --> 00:49:02.000 align:start position:0% that that sort of was a when i was a 00:49:02.000 --> 00:49:05.430 align:start position:0% that that sort of was a when i was a i<00:49:02.160> met<00:49:02.400> him<00:49:02.559> first<00:49:02.800> when<00:49:02.960> i<00:49:03.040> was<00:49:03.280> a<00:49:04.720> young<00:49:04.960> phd 00:49:05.430 --> 00:49:05.440 align:start position:0% i met him first when i was a young phd 00:49:05.440 --> 00:49:05.910 align:start position:0% i met him first when i was a young phd student 00:49:05.910 --> 00:49:05.920 align:start position:0% student 00:49:05.920 --> 00:49:08.309 align:start position:0% student and<00:49:06.480> heard<00:49:06.720> him<00:49:06.880> speak<00:49:07.280> and<00:49:07.599> sort<00:49:07.760> of<00:49:08.000> you<00:49:08.079> know 00:49:08.309 --> 00:49:08.319 align:start position:0% and heard him speak and sort of you know 00:49:08.319 --> 00:49:10.390 align:start position:0% and heard him speak and sort of you know really<00:49:08.640> developed<00:49:08.960> an<00:49:09.040> appreciation<00:49:09.760> for 00:49:10.390 --> 00:49:10.400 align:start position:0% really developed an appreciation for 00:49:10.400 --> 00:49:11.510 align:start position:0% really developed an appreciation for there's<00:49:10.559> a<00:49:10.640> tight<00:49:10.880> interplay<00:49:11.280> between 00:49:11.510 --> 00:49:11.520 align:start position:0% there's a tight interplay between 00:49:11.520 --> 00:49:13.430 align:start position:0% there's a tight interplay between computer<00:49:11.920> vision<00:49:12.160> and<00:49:12.240> robotics<00:49:12.720> obviously 00:49:13.430 --> 00:49:13.440 align:start position:0% computer vision and robotics obviously 00:49:13.440 --> 00:49:15.990 align:start position:0% computer vision and robotics obviously so<00:49:13.599> that's<00:49:13.760> sort<00:49:13.920> of<00:49:14.000> one<00:49:14.160> person<00:49:15.599> another 00:49:15.990 --> 00:49:16.000 align:start position:0% so that's sort of one person another 00:49:16.000 --> 00:49:17.829 align:start position:0% so that's sort of one person another person<00:49:16.319> who<00:49:16.480> was<00:49:16.640> inspirational 00:49:17.829 --> 00:49:17.839 align:start position:0% person who was inspirational 00:49:17.839 --> 00:49:19.430 align:start position:0% person who was inspirational not<00:49:18.000> because<00:49:18.319> i<00:49:18.400> worked<00:49:18.640> with<00:49:18.800> him<00:49:18.960> or<00:49:19.119> even<00:49:19.280> do 00:49:19.430 --> 00:49:19.440 align:start position:0% not because i worked with him or even do 00:49:19.440 --> 00:49:21.270 align:start position:0% not because i worked with him or even do the<00:49:19.599> kind<00:49:19.839> of<00:49:19.920> work<00:49:20.160> he<00:49:20.319> does<00:49:20.720> but<00:49:20.880> just<00:49:21.040> was 00:49:21.270 --> 00:49:21.280 align:start position:0% the kind of work he does but just was 00:49:21.280 --> 00:49:23.430 align:start position:0% the kind of work he does but just was inspirational<00:49:22.000> was<00:49:22.240> rod<00:49:22.559> brooks 00:49:23.430 --> 00:49:23.440 align:start position:0% inspirational was rod brooks 00:49:23.440 --> 00:49:25.430 align:start position:0% inspirational was rod brooks who<00:49:23.599> did<00:49:23.920> you<00:49:24.079> know<00:49:24.559> tremendous<00:49:25.040> amounts<00:49:25.359> of 00:49:25.430 --> 00:49:25.440 align:start position:0% who did you know tremendous amounts of 00:49:25.440 --> 00:49:27.430 align:start position:0% who did you know tremendous amounts of work<00:49:25.599> in<00:49:25.680> robotics<00:49:26.240> and<00:49:26.400> continues<00:49:26.960> to<00:49:27.119> do 00:49:27.430 --> 00:49:27.440 align:start position:0% work in robotics and continues to do 00:49:27.440 --> 00:49:30.549 align:start position:0% work in robotics and continues to do amazing<00:49:27.920> things<00:49:28.839> and<00:49:29.839> when<00:49:30.000> i<00:49:30.079> was<00:49:30.240> a<00:49:30.319> young 00:49:30.549 --> 00:49:30.559 align:start position:0% amazing things and when i was a young 00:49:30.559 --> 00:49:32.870 align:start position:0% amazing things and when i was a young student<00:49:30.880> again<00:49:31.200> just<00:49:31.440> hearing<00:49:31.680> him<00:49:31.839> speak<00:49:32.240> and 00:49:32.870 --> 00:49:32.880 align:start position:0% student again just hearing him speak and 00:49:32.880 --> 00:49:34.950 align:start position:0% student again just hearing him speak and and<00:49:33.200> and<00:49:33.359> sort<00:49:33.520> of<00:49:33.599> following<00:49:34.000> what<00:49:34.160> he<00:49:34.319> did 00:49:34.950 --> 00:49:34.960 align:start position:0% and and sort of following what he did 00:49:34.960 --> 00:49:36.309 align:start position:0% and and sort of following what he did was<00:49:35.280> was<00:49:35.520> inspirational 00:49:36.309 --> 00:49:36.319 align:start position:0% was was inspirational 00:49:36.319 --> 00:49:39.829 align:start position:0% was was inspirational in<00:49:36.559> in<00:49:36.640> many<00:49:36.960> ways<00:49:37.920> um 00:49:39.829 --> 00:49:39.839 align:start position:0% in in many ways um 00:49:39.839 --> 00:49:44.150 align:start position:0% in in many ways um there<00:49:41.040> there<00:49:41.359> was<00:49:42.839> a 00:49:44.150 --> 00:49:44.160 align:start position:0% there there was a 00:49:44.160 --> 00:49:47.670 align:start position:0% there there was a early<00:49:44.480> on<00:49:45.359> um<00:49:46.559> when<00:49:46.800> i 00:49:47.670 --> 00:49:47.680 align:start position:0% early on um when i 00:49:47.680 --> 00:49:50.309 align:start position:0% early on um when i when<00:49:47.920> i<00:49:48.000> was<00:49:48.319> studying<00:49:49.200> uh<00:49:49.839> when<00:49:50.000> i<00:49:50.079> was 00:49:50.309 --> 00:49:50.319 align:start position:0% when i was studying uh when i was 00:49:50.319 --> 00:49:50.870 align:start position:0% when i was studying uh when i was studying 00:49:50.870 --> 00:49:50.880 align:start position:0% studying 00:49:50.880 --> 00:49:54.630 align:start position:0% studying uh<00:49:52.079> sort<00:49:52.240> of<00:49:52.400> basic<00:49:52.720> robotics<00:49:53.359> early<00:49:53.760> on 00:49:54.630 --> 00:49:54.640 align:start position:0% uh sort of basic robotics early on 00:49:54.640 --> 00:49:57.670 align:start position:0% uh sort of basic robotics early on i<00:49:55.119> did<00:49:55.280> a<00:49:55.359> lot<00:49:55.520> of<00:49:55.680> reading<00:49:56.240> and<00:49:56.800> also<00:49:57.359> had<00:49:57.520> the 00:49:57.670 --> 00:49:57.680 align:start position:0% i did a lot of reading and also had the 00:49:57.680 --> 00:49:59.190 align:start position:0% i did a lot of reading and also had the full<00:49:57.920> good<00:49:58.079> fortune<00:49:58.480> of 00:49:59.190 --> 00:49:59.200 align:start position:0% full good fortune of 00:49:59.200 --> 00:50:02.309 align:start position:0% full good fortune of of<00:50:00.000> of<00:50:00.160> meeting<00:50:00.480> osama<00:50:00.880> khatib<00:50:01.839> who 00:50:02.309 --> 00:50:02.319 align:start position:0% of of meeting osama khatib who 00:50:02.319 --> 00:50:03.829 align:start position:0% of of meeting osama khatib who who<00:50:02.480> did<00:50:02.720> sort<00:50:02.880> of<00:50:02.960> foundational<00:50:03.520> work<00:50:03.760> in 00:50:03.829 --> 00:50:03.839 align:start position:0% who did sort of foundational work in 00:50:03.839 --> 00:50:06.069 align:start position:0% who did sort of foundational work in robotics<00:50:04.480> in<00:50:05.040> in 00:50:06.069 --> 00:50:06.079 align:start position:0% robotics in in 00:50:06.079 --> 00:50:08.069 align:start position:0% robotics in in in<00:50:06.160> the<00:50:06.400> late<00:50:06.640> 70s<00:50:07.119> and<00:50:07.200> early<00:50:07.440> 80s<00:50:07.839> and<00:50:07.920> is 00:50:08.069 --> 00:50:08.079 align:start position:0% in the late 70s and early 80s and is 00:50:08.079 --> 00:50:10.870 align:start position:0% in the late 70s and early 80s and is still<00:50:08.319> incredibly<00:50:08.880> active<00:50:09.200> today 00:50:10.870 --> 00:50:10.880 align:start position:0% still incredibly active today 00:50:10.880 --> 00:50:12.870 align:start position:0% still incredibly active today and<00:50:10.960> so<00:50:11.119> he's<00:50:11.440> sort<00:50:11.599> of<00:50:11.839> an<00:50:12.000> inspiration<00:50:12.800> in 00:50:12.870 --> 00:50:12.880 align:start position:0% and so he's sort of an inspiration in 00:50:12.880 --> 00:50:14.710 align:start position:0% and so he's sort of an inspiration in the<00:50:13.040> field<00:50:13.599> for<00:50:13.839> for<00:50:14.000> many<00:50:14.240> of<00:50:14.319> the<00:50:14.400> things 00:50:14.710 --> 00:50:14.720 align:start position:0% the field for for many of the things 00:50:14.720 --> 00:50:16.150 align:start position:0% the field for for many of the things that<00:50:14.880> he's<00:50:15.119> done 00:50:16.150 --> 00:50:16.160 align:start position:0% that he's done 00:50:16.160 --> 00:50:19.430 align:start position:0% that he's done um<00:50:17.520> another<00:50:17.839> person<00:50:18.400> who 00:50:19.430 --> 00:50:19.440 align:start position:0% um another person who 00:50:19.440 --> 00:50:21.670 align:start position:0% um another person who who<00:50:20.559> these<00:50:20.720> are<00:50:20.880> all<00:50:20.960> people<00:50:21.200> i've<00:50:21.440> never 00:50:21.670 --> 00:50:21.680 align:start position:0% who these are all people i've never 00:50:21.680 --> 00:50:23.190 align:start position:0% who these are all people i've never worked<00:50:21.920> with<00:50:22.160> actively<00:50:22.559> but<00:50:22.720> i've<00:50:22.880> sort<00:50:23.040> of 00:50:23.190 --> 00:50:23.200 align:start position:0% worked with actively but i've sort of 00:50:23.200 --> 00:50:23.990 align:start position:0% worked with actively but i've sort of known 00:50:23.990 --> 00:50:24.000 align:start position:0% known 00:50:24.000 --> 00:50:26.470 align:start position:0% known i<00:50:24.079> know<00:50:24.240> many<00:50:24.480> of<00:50:24.559> them<00:50:24.800> well<00:50:25.040> now<00:50:25.920> but<00:50:26.160> i<00:50:26.319> first 00:50:26.470 --> 00:50:26.480 align:start position:0% i know many of them well now but i first 00:50:26.480 --> 00:50:27.270 align:start position:0% i know many of them well now but i first came<00:50:26.640> to<00:50:26.800> know<00:50:26.960> them 00:50:27.270 --> 00:50:27.280 align:start position:0% came to know them 00:50:27.280 --> 00:50:29.910 align:start position:0% came to know them at<00:50:27.440> a<00:50:27.520> distance<00:50:28.000> as<00:50:28.240> it<00:50:28.319> were<00:50:29.040> people<00:50:29.359> whose 00:50:29.910 --> 00:50:29.920 align:start position:0% at a distance as it were people whose 00:50:29.920 --> 00:50:30.470 align:start position:0% at a distance as it were people whose work<00:50:30.240> i 00:50:30.470 --> 00:50:30.480 align:start position:0% work i 00:50:30.480 --> 00:50:33.270 align:start position:0% work i sort<00:50:30.640> of<00:50:30.960> followed<00:50:31.359> and<00:50:31.599> came<00:50:31.760> to<00:50:31.920> know<00:50:32.800> and 00:50:33.270 --> 00:50:33.280 align:start position:0% sort of followed and came to know and 00:50:33.280 --> 00:50:34.630 align:start position:0% sort of followed and came to know and there's<00:50:33.440> some<00:50:33.680> connections<00:50:34.160> between<00:50:34.480> their 00:50:34.630 --> 00:50:34.640 align:start position:0% there's some connections between their 00:50:34.640 --> 00:50:35.990 align:start position:0% there's some connections between their work<00:50:34.880> and<00:50:35.040> mind<00:50:35.359> but<00:50:35.520> not 00:50:35.990 --> 00:50:36.000 align:start position:0% work and mind but not 00:50:36.000 --> 00:50:38.230 align:start position:0% work and mind but not not<00:50:36.240> necessarily<00:50:36.800> that<00:50:36.960> we've<00:50:37.200> collaborated 00:50:38.230 --> 00:50:38.240 align:start position:0% not necessarily that we've collaborated 00:50:38.240 --> 00:50:40.230 align:start position:0% not necessarily that we've collaborated another<00:50:38.720> inspirational<00:50:39.280> person<00:50:39.760> along<00:50:40.000> this 00:50:40.230 --> 00:50:40.240 align:start position:0% another inspirational person along this 00:50:40.240 --> 00:50:40.630 align:start position:0% another inspirational person along this vein 00:50:40.630 --> 00:50:40.640 align:start position:0% vein 00:50:40.640 --> 00:50:44.309 align:start position:0% vein is<00:50:40.960> is<00:50:41.359> uh<00:50:41.839> is<00:50:42.079> hugh<00:50:42.240> durant<00:50:42.640> white 00:50:44.309 --> 00:50:44.319 align:start position:0% is is uh is hugh durant white 00:50:44.319 --> 00:50:48.150 align:start position:0% is is uh is hugh durant white who<00:50:45.359> who<00:50:45.760> uh<00:50:46.480> who's<00:50:47.200> uh 00:50:48.150 --> 00:50:48.160 align:start position:0% who who uh who's uh 00:50:48.160 --> 00:50:51.349 align:start position:0% who who uh who's uh been<00:50:48.400> at<00:50:48.480> sydney<00:50:48.880> for<00:50:49.040> many<00:50:49.280> years<00:50:50.240> and<00:50:50.880> uh 00:50:51.349 --> 00:50:51.359 align:start position:0% been at sydney for many years and uh 00:50:51.359 --> 00:50:53.190 align:start position:0% been at sydney for many years and uh and<00:50:51.520> really<00:50:51.839> was<00:50:52.160> an<00:50:52.319> inspiration<00:50:52.800> to<00:50:52.960> many 00:50:53.190 --> 00:50:53.200 align:start position:0% and really was an inspiration to many 00:50:53.200 --> 00:50:54.630 align:start position:0% and really was an inspiration to many people<00:50:53.440> in<00:50:53.520> my<00:50:53.760> generation<00:50:54.319> for 00:50:54.630 --> 00:50:54.640 align:start position:0% people in my generation for 00:50:54.640 --> 00:50:58.150 align:start position:0% people in my generation for for<00:50:55.440> the<00:50:55.520> kinds<00:50:55.839> of<00:50:55.920> things<00:50:56.160> he<00:50:56.319> did<00:50:57.359> um 00:50:58.150 --> 00:50:58.160 align:start position:0% for the kinds of things he did um 00:50:58.160 --> 00:50:59.829 align:start position:0% for the kinds of things he did um there's<00:50:58.400> just<00:50:58.559> a<00:50:58.640> tremendous<00:50:59.200> number<00:50:59.599> i<00:50:59.680> could 00:50:59.829 --> 00:50:59.839 align:start position:0% there's just a tremendous number i could 00:50:59.839 --> 00:51:01.430 align:start position:0% there's just a tremendous number i could name<00:51:00.400> easily<00:51:00.800> four<00:51:01.040> or<00:51:01.119> five 00:51:01.430 --> 00:51:01.440 align:start position:0% name easily four or five 00:51:01.440 --> 00:51:04.309 align:start position:0% name easily four or five other<00:51:01.599> people<00:51:02.160> possibly<00:51:02.720> many<00:51:03.040> more<00:51:03.920> and<00:51:04.240> i 00:51:04.309 --> 00:51:04.319 align:start position:0% other people possibly many more and i 00:51:04.319 --> 00:51:06.150 align:start position:0% other people possibly many more and i suspect<00:51:04.720> if<00:51:04.960> once<00:51:05.200> i<00:51:05.280> go<00:51:05.440> away<00:51:05.680> i'll<00:51:05.839> think<00:51:06.079> of 00:51:06.150 --> 00:51:06.160 align:start position:0% suspect if once i go away i'll think of 00:51:06.160 --> 00:51:07.349 align:start position:0% suspect if once i go away i'll think of several<00:51:06.480> others<00:51:06.720> and<00:51:06.800> say<00:51:06.960> oh<00:51:07.119> i<00:51:07.200> should<00:51:07.280> have 00:51:07.349 --> 00:51:07.359 align:start position:0% several others and say oh i should have 00:51:07.359 --> 00:51:07.990 align:start position:0% several others and say oh i should have told<00:51:07.520> you<00:51:07.599> about<00:51:07.760> so 00:51:07.990 --> 00:51:08.000 align:start position:0% told you about so 00:51:08.000 --> 00:51:09.670 align:start position:0% told you about so and<00:51:08.079> so<00:51:08.640> but<00:51:08.800> i'm<00:51:08.960> not<00:51:09.119> trying<00:51:09.359> to<00:51:09.440> be 00:51:09.670 --> 00:51:09.680 align:start position:0% and so but i'm not trying to be 00:51:09.680 --> 00:51:11.510 align:start position:0% and so but i'm not trying to be exhaustive<00:51:10.160> in<00:51:10.319> any<00:51:10.480> way<00:51:10.720> i<00:51:10.800> could<00:51:11.040> literally 00:51:11.510 --> 00:51:11.520 align:start position:0% exhaustive in any way i could literally 00:51:11.520 --> 00:51:12.069 align:start position:0% exhaustive in any way i could literally name 00:51:12.069 --> 00:51:12.079 align:start position:0% name 00:51:12.079 --> 00:51:15.430 align:start position:0% name several<00:51:12.480> others<00:51:13.920> but<00:51:14.319> but<00:51:14.720> at<00:51:14.880> some<00:51:15.119> point<00:51:15.359> i 00:51:15.430 --> 00:51:15.440 align:start position:0% several others but but at some point i 00:51:15.440 --> 00:51:15.910 align:start position:0% several others but but at some point i would 00:51:15.910 --> 00:51:15.920 align:start position:0% would 00:51:15.920 --> 00:51:18.950 align:start position:0% would i<00:51:16.079> would<00:51:16.240> have<00:51:16.319> to<00:51:16.640> i<00:51:16.720> would<00:51:16.880> have<00:51:17.040> to<00:51:17.119> stop 00:51:18.950 --> 00:51:18.960 align:start position:0% i would have to i would have to stop 00:51:18.960 --> 00:51:21.349 align:start position:0% i would have to i would have to stop so<00:51:19.680> in<00:51:19.839> terms<00:51:20.079> of<00:51:20.400> actively<00:51:20.880> working<00:51:21.200> with 00:51:21.349 --> 00:51:21.359 align:start position:0% so in terms of actively working with 00:51:21.359 --> 00:51:22.390 align:start position:0% so in terms of actively working with people<00:51:21.920> i 00:51:22.390 --> 00:51:22.400 align:start position:0% people i 00:51:22.400 --> 00:51:24.069 align:start position:0% people i actively<00:51:22.880> of<00:51:22.960> course<00:51:23.200> worked<00:51:23.440> with<00:51:23.839> george 00:51:24.069 --> 00:51:24.079 align:start position:0% actively of course worked with george 00:51:24.079 --> 00:51:27.910 align:start position:0% actively of course worked with george becky<00:51:24.400> who<00:51:24.559> was<00:51:24.640> my<00:51:24.800> phd<00:51:25.200> mentor 00:51:27.910 --> 00:51:27.920 align:start position:0% 00:51:27.920 --> 00:51:30.069 align:start position:0% and<00:51:28.640> subsequently<00:51:29.280> i<00:51:29.359> haven't<00:51:29.680> worked<00:51:29.920> with 00:51:30.069 --> 00:51:30.079 align:start position:0% and subsequently i haven't worked with 00:51:30.079 --> 00:51:31.990 align:start position:0% and subsequently i haven't worked with anybody 00:51:31.990 --> 00:51:32.000 align:start position:0% anybody 00:51:32.000 --> 00:51:34.870 align:start position:0% anybody in<00:51:32.160> that<00:51:32.400> relationship<00:51:34.000> but<00:51:34.160> i've<00:51:34.319> had<00:51:34.559> the 00:51:34.870 --> 00:51:34.880 align:start position:0% in that relationship but i've had the 00:51:34.880 --> 00:51:36.390 align:start position:0% in that relationship but i've had the sort<00:51:35.040> of<00:51:35.119> good<00:51:35.280> fortune<00:51:35.599> of<00:51:35.680> collaborating 00:51:36.390 --> 00:51:36.400 align:start position:0% sort of good fortune of collaborating 00:51:36.400 --> 00:51:37.430 align:start position:0% sort of good fortune of collaborating with<00:51:36.720> other<00:51:36.960> people 00:51:37.430 --> 00:51:37.440 align:start position:0% with other people 00:51:37.440 --> 00:51:39.109 align:start position:0% with other people some<00:51:37.599> who've<00:51:37.839> been<00:51:38.240> somewhat<00:51:38.559> more<00:51:38.720> senior 00:51:39.109 --> 00:51:39.119 align:start position:0% some who've been somewhat more senior 00:51:39.119 --> 00:51:40.790 align:start position:0% some who've been somewhat more senior than<00:51:39.280> i<00:51:39.680> i<00:51:39.920> have<00:51:40.000> been<00:51:40.160> who've<00:51:40.400> been 00:51:40.790 --> 00:51:40.800 align:start position:0% than i i have been who've been 00:51:40.800 --> 00:51:43.990 align:start position:0% than i i have been who've been who've<00:51:41.040> been<00:51:41.440> inspirational<00:51:42.640> um<00:51:43.200> and 00:51:43.990 --> 00:51:44.000 align:start position:0% who've been inspirational um and 00:51:44.000 --> 00:51:45.670 align:start position:0% who've been inspirational um and some<00:51:44.240> collaborators<00:51:44.880> that<00:51:45.040> come<00:51:45.200> to<00:51:45.359> mind 00:51:45.670 --> 00:51:45.680 align:start position:0% some collaborators that come to mind 00:51:45.680 --> 00:51:47.829 align:start position:0% some collaborators that come to mind who've<00:51:45.920> been<00:51:46.319> who've<00:51:46.559> been<00:51:46.800> really 00:51:47.829 --> 00:51:47.839 align:start position:0% who've been who've been really 00:51:47.839 --> 00:51:50.549 align:start position:0% who've been who've been really fun<00:51:48.079> to<00:51:48.160> work<00:51:48.400> with<00:51:48.640> and<00:51:48.960> inspiration<00:51:50.400> and 00:51:50.549 --> 00:51:50.559 align:start position:0% fun to work with and inspiration and 00:51:50.559 --> 00:51:51.109 align:start position:0% fun to work with and inspiration and also 00:51:51.109 --> 00:51:51.119 align:start position:0% also 00:51:51.119 --> 00:51:53.670 align:start position:0% also to<00:51:51.280> some<00:51:51.520> extent<00:51:51.839> have<00:51:52.079> mentored<00:51:52.480> me<00:51:53.200> are 00:51:53.670 --> 00:51:53.680 align:start position:0% to some extent have mentored me are 00:51:53.680 --> 00:51:55.910 align:start position:0% to some extent have mentored me are deborah<00:51:54.079> estrin<00:51:54.640> who<00:51:54.800> is<00:51:54.960> not<00:51:55.119> a<00:51:55.200> roboticist 00:51:55.910 --> 00:51:55.920 align:start position:0% deborah estrin who is not a roboticist 00:51:55.920 --> 00:51:56.390 align:start position:0% deborah estrin who is not a roboticist who's<00:51:56.160> a 00:51:56.390 --> 00:51:56.400 align:start position:0% who's a 00:51:56.400 --> 00:51:58.950 align:start position:0% who's a who's<00:51:56.640> a<00:51:56.720> pioneer<00:51:57.200> in<00:51:57.280> computer<00:51:57.599> networks 00:51:58.950 --> 00:51:58.960 align:start position:0% who's a pioneer in computer networks 00:51:58.960 --> 00:52:01.190 align:start position:0% who's a pioneer in computer networks whom<00:51:59.200> i<00:51:59.280> worked<00:51:59.520> with<00:51:59.680> over<00:51:59.920> many<00:52:00.160> years 00:52:01.190 --> 00:52:01.200 align:start position:0% whom i worked with over many years 00:52:01.200 --> 00:52:04.630 align:start position:0% whom i worked with over many years and<00:52:02.319> daniella<00:52:02.880> roos<00:52:03.200> at<00:52:03.359> mit<00:52:04.079> with<00:52:04.240> whom<00:52:04.480> i 00:52:04.630 --> 00:52:04.640 align:start position:0% and daniella roos at mit with whom i 00:52:04.640 --> 00:52:06.309 align:start position:0% and daniella roos at mit with whom i continue<00:52:04.960> to<00:52:05.119> collaborate<00:52:05.599> actively<00:52:06.160> and 00:52:06.309 --> 00:52:06.319 align:start position:0% continue to collaborate actively and 00:52:06.319 --> 00:52:06.950 align:start position:0% continue to collaborate actively and have 00:52:06.950 --> 00:52:06.960 align:start position:0% have 00:52:06.960 --> 00:52:10.230 align:start position:0% have collaborated<00:52:07.520> on<00:52:07.760> and<00:52:07.920> off<00:52:08.160> for<00:52:09.680> i'd<00:52:09.920> say<00:52:10.079> more 00:52:10.230 --> 00:52:10.240 align:start position:0% collaborated on and off for i'd say more 00:52:10.240 --> 00:52:11.829 align:start position:0% collaborated on and off for i'd say more than<00:52:10.400> a<00:52:10.480> decade<00:52:10.960> now 00:52:11.829 --> 00:52:11.839 align:start position:0% than a decade now 00:52:11.839 --> 00:52:15.430 align:start position:0% than a decade now um<00:52:12.720> and<00:52:13.200> uh<00:52:13.839> and<00:52:14.000> vijay<00:52:14.400> kumar 00:52:15.430 --> 00:52:15.440 align:start position:0% um and uh and vijay kumar 00:52:15.440 --> 00:52:17.510 align:start position:0% um and uh and vijay kumar at<00:52:15.680> penn<00:52:16.160> who<00:52:16.319> have<00:52:16.480> collaborated<00:52:17.040> on<00:52:17.200> and<00:52:17.359> off 00:52:17.510 --> 00:52:17.520 align:start position:0% at penn who have collaborated on and off 00:52:17.520 --> 00:52:19.829 align:start position:0% at penn who have collaborated on and off with<00:52:17.760> for<00:52:18.160> for<00:52:18.400> some<00:52:18.559> time<00:52:18.880> now 00:52:19.829 --> 00:52:19.839 align:start position:0% with for for some time now 00:52:19.839 --> 00:52:21.750 align:start position:0% with for for some time now and<00:52:20.000> then<00:52:20.400> i'd<00:52:20.559> like<00:52:20.720> to<00:52:20.800> mention<00:52:21.359> another 00:52:21.750 --> 00:52:21.760 align:start position:0% and then i'd like to mention another 00:52:21.760 --> 00:52:22.870 align:start position:0% and then i'd like to mention another thing<00:52:22.240> which<00:52:22.480> is 00:52:22.870 --> 00:52:22.880 align:start position:0% thing which is 00:52:22.880 --> 00:52:25.750 align:start position:0% thing which is uh<00:52:23.839> one<00:52:24.000> of<00:52:24.079> the<00:52:24.319> reasons<00:52:24.880> that<00:52:25.119> i'm<00:52:25.280> fortunate 00:52:25.750 --> 00:52:25.760 align:start position:0% uh one of the reasons that i'm fortunate 00:52:25.760 --> 00:52:26.790 align:start position:0% uh one of the reasons that i'm fortunate to<00:52:25.839> be<00:52:26.000> at<00:52:26.160> usc 00:52:26.790 --> 00:52:26.800 align:start position:0% to be at usc 00:52:26.800 --> 00:52:28.230 align:start position:0% to be at usc and<00:52:26.960> one<00:52:27.119> of<00:52:27.200> the<00:52:27.280> reasons<00:52:27.599> i<00:52:27.760> really<00:52:28.000> like 00:52:28.230 --> 00:52:28.240 align:start position:0% and one of the reasons i really like 00:52:28.240 --> 00:52:31.109 align:start position:0% and one of the reasons i really like being<00:52:28.480> here<00:52:29.359> is<00:52:29.760> i<00:52:30.000> collaborate<00:52:30.480> actively 00:52:31.109 --> 00:52:31.119 align:start position:0% being here is i collaborate actively 00:52:31.119 --> 00:52:33.510 align:start position:0% being here is i collaborate actively with<00:52:31.520> the<00:52:32.000> the<00:52:32.160> other<00:52:32.319> roboticists<00:52:33.119> here<00:52:33.440> at 00:52:33.510 --> 00:52:33.520 align:start position:0% with the the other roboticists here at 00:52:33.520 --> 00:52:34.549 align:start position:0% with the the other roboticists here at usc 00:52:34.549 --> 00:52:34.559 align:start position:0% usc 00:52:34.559 --> 00:52:37.510 align:start position:0% usc and<00:52:34.720> so<00:52:35.359> over<00:52:36.160> 14<00:52:36.559> years<00:52:36.800> i've<00:52:36.960> collaborated 00:52:37.510 --> 00:52:37.520 align:start position:0% and so over 14 years i've collaborated 00:52:37.520 --> 00:52:39.430 align:start position:0% and so over 14 years i've collaborated with<00:52:37.599> biometeric 00:52:39.430 --> 00:52:39.440 align:start position:0% with biometeric 00:52:39.440 --> 00:52:41.589 align:start position:0% with biometeric on<00:52:39.680> and<00:52:39.839> off<00:52:40.079> we<00:52:40.240> have<00:52:40.400> a<00:52:40.559> joint<00:52:40.800> grant<00:52:41.359> even 00:52:41.589 --> 00:52:41.599 align:start position:0% on and off we have a joint grant even 00:52:41.599 --> 00:52:42.950 align:start position:0% on and off we have a joint grant even now 00:52:42.950 --> 00:52:42.960 align:start position:0% now 00:52:42.960 --> 00:52:44.630 align:start position:0% now and<00:52:43.119> that's<00:52:43.359> been<00:52:43.599> a<00:52:43.839> that's<00:52:44.079> been<00:52:44.319> a 00:52:44.630 --> 00:52:44.640 align:start position:0% and that's been a that's been a 00:52:44.640 --> 00:52:46.150 align:start position:0% and that's been a that's been a wonderful<00:52:45.119> collaboration<00:52:45.760> we've<00:52:46.000> really 00:52:46.150 --> 00:52:46.160 align:start position:0% wonderful collaboration we've really 00:52:46.160 --> 00:52:46.870 align:start position:0% wonderful collaboration we've really enjoyed<00:52:46.559> it 00:52:46.870 --> 00:52:46.880 align:start position:0% enjoyed it 00:52:46.880 --> 00:52:48.790 align:start position:0% enjoyed it right<00:52:47.040> and<00:52:47.200> i've<00:52:47.359> really<00:52:47.599> enjoyed<00:52:47.920> it<00:52:48.400> and<00:52:48.640> i 00:52:48.790 --> 00:52:48.800 align:start position:0% right and i've really enjoyed it and i 00:52:48.800 --> 00:52:50.549 align:start position:0% right and i've really enjoyed it and i collaborate<00:52:49.280> actively<00:52:49.680> with<00:52:49.839> stefan<00:52:50.240> schall 00:52:50.549 --> 00:52:50.559 align:start position:0% collaborate actively with stefan schall 00:52:50.559 --> 00:52:53.349 align:start position:0% collaborate actively with stefan schall my<00:52:50.800> other<00:52:51.040> robotics<00:52:51.520> colleague<00:52:51.920> here 00:52:53.349 --> 00:52:53.359 align:start position:0% my other robotics colleague here 00:52:53.359 --> 00:52:55.589 align:start position:0% my other robotics colleague here and<00:52:53.680> to<00:52:53.839> a<00:52:53.920> smaller<00:52:54.400> extent<00:52:54.880> i've<00:52:55.119> interacted 00:52:55.589 --> 00:52:55.599 align:start position:0% and to a smaller extent i've interacted 00:52:55.599 --> 00:52:56.630 align:start position:0% and to a smaller extent i've interacted with<00:52:55.839> wayman<00:52:56.240> shen 00:52:56.630 --> 00:52:56.640 align:start position:0% with wayman shen 00:52:56.640 --> 00:52:58.630 align:start position:0% with wayman shen who's<00:52:56.880> the<00:52:57.359> other<00:52:57.520> robotics<00:52:58.000> colleague<00:52:58.400> here 00:52:58.630 --> 00:52:58.640 align:start position:0% who's the other robotics colleague here 00:52:58.640 --> 00:53:00.390 align:start position:0% who's the other robotics colleague here on<00:52:58.800> campus<00:52:59.599> and<00:52:59.680> so 00:53:00.390 --> 00:53:00.400 align:start position:0% on campus and so 00:53:00.400 --> 00:53:02.630 align:start position:0% on campus and so so<00:53:00.960> so<00:53:01.119> there<00:53:01.359> are<00:53:01.520> sort<00:53:01.680> of<00:53:02.000> it's<00:53:02.160> really<00:53:02.400> nice 00:53:02.630 --> 00:53:02.640 align:start position:0% so so there are sort of it's really nice 00:53:02.640 --> 00:53:03.910 align:start position:0% so so there are sort of it's really nice to<00:53:02.720> be<00:53:02.880> at<00:53:02.960> a<00:53:03.040> place<00:53:03.359> where<00:53:03.520> you 00:53:03.910 --> 00:53:03.920 align:start position:0% to be at a place where you 00:53:03.920 --> 00:53:05.430 align:start position:0% to be at a place where you where<00:53:04.079> you<00:53:04.240> do<00:53:04.400> your<00:53:04.640> own<00:53:04.880> work<00:53:05.119> and<00:53:05.200> your 00:53:05.430 --> 00:53:05.440 align:start position:0% where you do your own work and your 00:53:05.440 --> 00:53:07.030 align:start position:0% where you do your own work and your laboratory<00:53:06.000> does<00:53:06.160> its<00:53:06.319> own<00:53:06.480> work<00:53:06.720> but<00:53:06.880> you 00:53:07.030 --> 00:53:07.040 align:start position:0% laboratory does its own work but you 00:53:07.040 --> 00:53:08.710 align:start position:0% laboratory does its own work but you collaborate<00:53:07.520> with<00:53:07.680> the<00:53:07.839> labs<00:53:08.160> of<00:53:08.240> colleagues 00:53:08.710 --> 00:53:08.720 align:start position:0% collaborate with the labs of colleagues 00:53:08.720 --> 00:53:09.910 align:start position:0% collaborate with the labs of colleagues who<00:53:08.800> are<00:53:08.960> nearby 00:53:09.910 --> 00:53:09.920 align:start position:0% who are nearby 00:53:09.920 --> 00:53:11.589 align:start position:0% who are nearby they<00:53:10.079> share<00:53:10.319> some<00:53:10.559> interests<00:53:10.880> with<00:53:11.040> you<00:53:11.359> and 00:53:11.589 --> 00:53:11.599 align:start position:0% they share some interests with you and 00:53:11.599 --> 00:53:13.349 align:start position:0% they share some interests with you and and<00:53:11.839> there's<00:53:12.079> enough<00:53:12.319> overlap<00:53:12.800> that<00:53:12.960> you<00:53:13.200> do 00:53:13.349 --> 00:53:13.359 align:start position:0% and there's enough overlap that you do 00:53:13.359 --> 00:53:14.710 align:start position:0% and there's enough overlap that you do interesting<00:53:13.839> things<00:53:14.160> together 00:53:14.710 --> 00:53:14.720 align:start position:0% interesting things together 00:53:14.720 --> 00:53:16.549 align:start position:0% interesting things together and<00:53:14.800> that's<00:53:15.040> that's<00:53:15.280> been<00:53:15.520> one<00:53:16.000> sort<00:53:16.160> of<00:53:16.480> you 00:53:16.549 --> 00:53:16.559 align:start position:0% and that's that's been one sort of you 00:53:16.559 --> 00:53:18.630 align:start position:0% and that's that's been one sort of you know<00:53:16.960> very<00:53:17.280> very<00:53:17.520> nice<00:53:17.839> thing 00:53:18.630 --> 00:53:18.640 align:start position:0% know very very nice thing 00:53:18.640 --> 00:53:19.910 align:start position:0% know very very nice thing um<00:53:19.040> again<00:53:19.359> in<00:53:19.440> terms<00:53:19.680> of<00:53:19.760> sort<00:53:19.839> of 00:53:19.910 --> 00:53:19.920 align:start position:0% um again in terms of sort of 00:53:19.920 --> 00:53:21.430 align:start position:0% um again in terms of sort of collaborators<00:53:20.480> i<00:53:20.559> could<00:53:20.720> go<00:53:20.880> on<00:53:21.040> and<00:53:21.119> on<00:53:21.280> there 00:53:21.430 --> 00:53:21.440 align:start position:0% collaborators i could go on and on there 00:53:21.440 --> 00:53:21.910 align:start position:0% collaborators i could go on and on there are<00:53:21.520> many 00:53:21.910 --> 00:53:21.920 align:start position:0% are many 00:53:21.920 --> 00:53:24.150 align:start position:0% are many and<00:53:22.400> i<00:53:22.559> tend<00:53:22.720> to<00:53:22.880> be<00:53:23.119> fairly<00:53:23.440> collaborative<00:53:24.000> i 00:53:24.150 --> 00:53:24.160 align:start position:0% and i tend to be fairly collaborative i 00:53:24.160 --> 00:53:26.829 align:start position:0% and i tend to be fairly collaborative i have<00:53:24.240> a<00:53:24.319> large<00:53:24.559> number<00:53:24.800> of<00:53:24.880> collaborators 00:53:26.829 --> 00:53:26.839 align:start position:0% have a large number of collaborators 00:53:26.839 --> 00:53:29.589 align:start position:0% have a large number of collaborators but<00:53:28.240> but<00:53:28.559> again<00:53:28.880> i<00:53:28.960> don't<00:53:29.119> think<00:53:29.280> i'll<00:53:29.359> try<00:53:29.520> and 00:53:29.589 --> 00:53:29.599 align:start position:0% but but again i don't think i'll try and 00:53:29.599 --> 00:53:31.829 align:start position:0% but but again i don't think i'll try and be<00:53:29.760> exhausted<00:53:30.319> i'll<00:53:30.559> just<00:53:30.800> i'll<00:53:30.960> just 00:53:31.829 --> 00:53:31.839 align:start position:0% be exhausted i'll just i'll just 00:53:31.839 --> 00:53:35.910 align:start position:0% be exhausted i'll just i'll just name<00:53:32.079> a<00:53:32.160> few<00:53:32.400> people<00:53:33.200> okay<00:53:34.000> um<00:53:34.640> in<00:53:34.800> terms<00:53:35.119> of<00:53:35.280> uh 00:53:35.910 --> 00:53:35.920 align:start position:0% name a few people okay um in terms of uh 00:53:35.920 --> 00:53:38.870 align:start position:0% name a few people okay um in terms of uh people<00:53:36.240> you've<00:53:36.480> mentored<00:53:37.440> uh<00:53:37.839> how<00:53:38.000> many<00:53:38.319> phd 00:53:38.870 --> 00:53:38.880 align:start position:0% people you've mentored uh how many phd 00:53:38.880 --> 00:53:40.230 align:start position:0% people you've mentored uh how many phd students<00:53:39.359> have<00:53:39.520> you<00:53:39.680> had<00:53:39.839> what<00:53:40.000> kind<00:53:40.160> of 00:53:40.230 --> 00:53:40.240 align:start position:0% students have you had what kind of 00:53:40.240 --> 00:53:41.670 align:start position:0% students have you had what kind of projects<00:53:40.640> have<00:53:40.720> they<00:53:40.880> worked 00:53:41.670 --> 00:53:41.680 align:start position:0% projects have they worked 00:53:41.680 --> 00:53:45.750 align:start position:0% projects have they worked um<00:53:42.480> they<00:53:44.400> i'm<00:53:44.559> trying<00:53:44.800> to<00:53:44.880> count<00:53:45.119> very<00:53:45.359> quickly 00:53:45.750 --> 00:53:45.760 align:start position:0% um they i'm trying to count very quickly 00:53:45.760 --> 00:53:46.549 align:start position:0% um they i'm trying to count very quickly now<00:53:46.000> but 00:53:46.549 --> 00:53:46.559 align:start position:0% now but 00:53:46.559 --> 00:53:49.829 align:start position:0% now but i<00:53:46.640> think<00:53:48.240> if<00:53:48.400> i<00:53:48.559> have<00:53:48.800> the<00:53:48.880> count<00:53:49.200> right 00:53:49.829 --> 00:53:49.839 align:start position:0% i think if i have the count right 00:53:49.839 --> 00:53:52.790 align:start position:0% i think if i have the count right 14<00:53:50.720> people<00:53:51.040> who<00:53:51.200> have<00:53:51.359> graduated<00:53:51.920> with<00:53:52.079> phds 00:53:52.790 --> 00:53:52.800 align:start position:0% 14 people who have graduated with phds 00:53:52.800 --> 00:53:55.030 align:start position:0% 14 people who have graduated with phds from<00:53:52.960> my<00:53:53.119> lab 00:53:55.030 --> 00:53:55.040 align:start position:0% from my lab 00:53:55.040 --> 00:53:57.510 align:start position:0% from my lab um<00:53:55.760> i've<00:53:56.000> also<00:53:56.240> mentored<00:53:56.720> about<00:53:57.040> seven<00:53:57.359> or 00:53:57.510 --> 00:53:57.520 align:start position:0% um i've also mentored about seven or 00:53:57.520 --> 00:54:00.549 align:start position:0% um i've also mentored about seven or eight<00:53:57.760> postdoctoral<00:53:58.400> fellows 00:54:00.549 --> 00:54:00.559 align:start position:0% eight postdoctoral fellows 00:54:00.559 --> 00:54:03.349 align:start position:0% eight postdoctoral fellows uh<00:54:01.280> so<00:54:02.240> these<00:54:02.480> are<00:54:02.559> the<00:54:02.720> people<00:54:02.960> who've<00:54:03.119> had 00:54:03.349 --> 00:54:03.359 align:start position:0% uh so these are the people who've had 00:54:03.359 --> 00:54:05.270 align:start position:0% uh so these are the people who've had the<00:54:03.440> longest<00:54:03.920> associations<00:54:04.559> with<00:54:04.720> me 00:54:05.270 --> 00:54:05.280 align:start position:0% the longest associations with me 00:54:05.280 --> 00:54:07.990 align:start position:0% the longest associations with me as<00:54:05.839> uh<00:54:06.240> with<00:54:06.400> whom<00:54:06.640> i've<00:54:06.800> been<00:54:07.200> in<00:54:07.599> for<00:54:07.760> whom 00:54:07.990 --> 00:54:08.000 align:start position:0% as uh with whom i've been in for whom 00:54:08.000 --> 00:54:09.670 align:start position:0% as uh with whom i've been in for whom i've<00:54:08.079> been<00:54:08.240> a<00:54:08.319> mentor<00:54:08.720> basically<00:54:09.200> about<00:54:09.359> 20 00:54:09.670 --> 00:54:09.680 align:start position:0% i've been a mentor basically about 20 00:54:09.680 --> 00:54:11.670 align:start position:0% i've been a mentor basically about 20 odd<00:54:09.920> people 00:54:11.670 --> 00:54:11.680 align:start position:0% odd people 00:54:11.680 --> 00:54:13.349 align:start position:0% odd people i've<00:54:11.920> also<00:54:12.079> mentored<00:54:12.640> undergraduates<00:54:13.280> and 00:54:13.349 --> 00:54:13.359 align:start position:0% i've also mentored undergraduates and 00:54:13.359 --> 00:54:14.870 align:start position:0% i've also mentored undergraduates and masters<00:54:13.839> students<00:54:14.079> who've<00:54:14.319> been<00:54:14.400> in<00:54:14.559> the<00:54:14.640> lab 00:54:14.870 --> 00:54:14.880 align:start position:0% masters students who've been in the lab 00:54:14.880 --> 00:54:15.510 align:start position:0% masters students who've been in the lab but<00:54:15.119> but 00:54:15.510 --> 00:54:15.520 align:start position:0% but but 00:54:15.520 --> 00:54:17.270 align:start position:0% but but over<00:54:15.680> the<00:54:15.839> longer<00:54:16.160> term<00:54:16.400> it's<00:54:16.559> really<00:54:16.800> these 00:54:17.270 --> 00:54:17.280 align:start position:0% over the longer term it's really these 00:54:17.280 --> 00:54:19.510 align:start position:0% over the longer term it's really these these<00:54:17.599> 14<00:54:18.000> phd<00:54:18.480> students<00:54:18.880> and 00:54:19.510 --> 00:54:19.520 align:start position:0% these 14 phd students and 00:54:19.520 --> 00:54:22.069 align:start position:0% these 14 phd students and six<00:54:19.839> or<00:54:19.920> seven<00:54:20.240> postdocs<00:54:21.040> roughly<00:54:21.440> 20<00:54:21.760> people 00:54:22.069 --> 00:54:22.079 align:start position:0% six or seven postdocs roughly 20 people 00:54:22.079 --> 00:54:23.030 align:start position:0% six or seven postdocs roughly 20 people who've<00:54:22.240> been<00:54:22.480> sort<00:54:22.640> of<00:54:22.800> the 00:54:23.030 --> 00:54:23.040 align:start position:0% who've been sort of the 00:54:23.040 --> 00:54:25.589 align:start position:0% who've been sort of the poor<00:54:23.359> people<00:54:23.680> i've<00:54:23.839> mentored<00:54:24.559> over<00:54:24.800> the<00:54:24.880> last 00:54:25.589 --> 00:54:25.599 align:start position:0% poor people i've mentored over the last 00:54:25.599 --> 00:54:28.309 align:start position:0% poor people i've mentored over the last 11<00:54:25.920> years<00:54:26.240> roughly 00:54:28.309 --> 00:54:28.319 align:start position:0% 11 years roughly 00:54:28.319 --> 00:54:31.829 align:start position:0% 11 years roughly or<00:54:28.480> 12<00:54:28.800> years<00:54:29.040> roughly<00:54:30.640> the<00:54:31.280> the 00:54:31.829 --> 00:54:31.839 align:start position:0% or 12 years roughly the the 00:54:31.839 --> 00:54:36.069 align:start position:0% or 12 years roughly the the they're<00:54:32.079> spread<00:54:32.400> across<00:54:32.720> the<00:54:32.880> spectrum 00:54:36.069 --> 00:54:36.079 align:start position:0% 00:54:36.079 --> 00:54:38.630 align:start position:0% some<00:54:36.319> of<00:54:36.400> them<00:54:36.559> worked<00:54:36.880> on<00:54:36.960> network<00:54:37.359> robots 00:54:38.630 --> 00:54:38.640 align:start position:0% some of them worked on network robots 00:54:38.640 --> 00:54:41.109 align:start position:0% some of them worked on network robots some<00:54:38.880> worked<00:54:39.200> on<00:54:39.359> aerial<00:54:39.760> robots 00:54:41.109 --> 00:54:41.119 align:start position:0% some worked on aerial robots 00:54:41.119 --> 00:54:44.309 align:start position:0% some worked on aerial robots some<00:54:41.440> worked<00:54:41.839> on<00:54:43.040> estimation<00:54:43.760> problems 00:54:44.309 --> 00:54:44.319 align:start position:0% some worked on estimation problems 00:54:44.319 --> 00:54:46.230 align:start position:0% some worked on estimation problems independent<00:54:44.960> of<00:54:45.119> which<00:54:45.520> robot<00:54:45.920> they<00:54:46.079> were 00:54:46.230 --> 00:54:46.240 align:start position:0% independent of which robot they were 00:54:46.240 --> 00:54:48.069 align:start position:0% independent of which robot they were applied<00:54:46.640> to 00:54:48.069 --> 00:54:48.079 align:start position:0% applied to 00:54:48.079 --> 00:54:49.589 align:start position:0% applied to so<00:54:48.240> they<00:54:48.400> worked<00:54:48.640> in<00:54:48.799> a<00:54:48.960> diversity<00:54:49.520> of 00:54:49.589 --> 00:54:49.599 align:start position:0% so they worked in a diversity of 00:54:49.599 --> 00:54:52.710 align:start position:0% so they worked in a diversity of problems<00:54:50.839> um 00:54:52.710 --> 00:54:52.720 align:start position:0% problems um 00:54:52.720 --> 00:54:55.510 align:start position:0% problems um the<00:54:53.760> they've<00:54:54.000> gone<00:54:54.240> on<00:54:54.319> to<00:54:54.480> various<00:54:54.880> careers 00:54:55.510 --> 00:54:55.520 align:start position:0% the they've gone on to various careers 00:54:55.520 --> 00:54:56.309 align:start position:0% the they've gone on to various careers um 00:54:56.309 --> 00:54:56.319 align:start position:0% um 00:54:56.319 --> 00:54:57.990 align:start position:0% um several<00:54:56.640> of<00:54:56.799> the<00:54:56.880> ones<00:54:57.119> who<00:54:57.280> graduated<00:54:57.839> just 00:54:57.990 --> 00:54:58.000 align:start position:0% several of the ones who graduated just 00:54:58.000 --> 00:54:59.510 align:start position:0% several of the ones who graduated just within<00:54:58.319> the<00:54:58.400> last<00:54:58.640> year<00:54:58.880> or<00:54:58.960> two<00:54:59.200> or 00:54:59.510 --> 00:54:59.520 align:start position:0% within the last year or two or 00:54:59.520 --> 00:55:03.270 align:start position:0% within the last year or two or postdocs<00:55:00.160> at<00:55:00.480> a<00:55:00.559> variety<00:55:00.880> of<00:55:01.040> places 00:55:03.270 --> 00:55:03.280 align:start position:0% postdocs at a variety of places 00:55:03.280 --> 00:55:04.710 align:start position:0% postdocs at a variety of places some<00:55:03.520> people<00:55:03.680> who<00:55:03.839> are<00:55:03.920> slightly<00:55:04.240> older<00:55:04.559> than 00:55:04.710 --> 00:55:04.720 align:start position:0% some people who are slightly older than 00:55:04.720 --> 00:55:06.230 align:start position:0% some people who are slightly older than that<00:55:04.960> are<00:55:05.040> now<00:55:05.280> faculty<00:55:05.680> and<00:55:05.760> running<00:55:06.000> their 00:55:06.230 --> 00:55:06.240 align:start position:0% that are now faculty and running their 00:55:06.240 --> 00:55:08.710 align:start position:0% that are now faculty and running their own<00:55:06.400> labs 00:55:08.710 --> 00:55:08.720 align:start position:0% own labs 00:55:08.720 --> 00:55:12.950 align:start position:0% own labs so<00:55:09.680> one<00:55:09.920> of<00:55:10.000> my<00:55:10.240> students<00:55:11.680> sri<00:55:12.000> saripali<00:55:12.720> is<00:55:12.880> a 00:55:12.950 --> 00:55:12.960 align:start position:0% so one of my students sri saripali is a 00:55:12.960 --> 00:55:14.710 align:start position:0% so one of my students sri saripali is a faculty<00:55:13.359> member<00:55:13.839> at<00:55:14.000> arizona<00:55:14.480> state 00:55:14.710 --> 00:55:14.720 align:start position:0% faculty member at arizona state 00:55:14.720 --> 00:55:15.670 align:start position:0% faculty member at arizona state university 00:55:15.670 --> 00:55:15.680 align:start position:0% university 00:55:15.680 --> 00:55:18.069 align:start position:0% university where<00:55:16.319> he's<00:55:16.480> an<00:55:16.640> assistant<00:55:16.960> professor<00:55:17.920> and 00:55:18.069 --> 00:55:18.079 align:start position:0% where he's an assistant professor and 00:55:18.079 --> 00:55:19.349 align:start position:0% where he's an assistant professor and doing<00:55:18.319> very<00:55:18.480> well 00:55:19.349 --> 00:55:19.359 align:start position:0% doing very well 00:55:19.359 --> 00:55:21.670 align:start position:0% doing very well um<00:55:20.160> ryan<00:55:20.480> smith<00:55:20.799> who's<00:55:21.040> just<00:55:21.200> finishing<00:55:21.520> his 00:55:21.670 --> 00:55:21.680 align:start position:0% um ryan smith who's just finishing his 00:55:21.680 --> 00:55:23.589 align:start position:0% um ryan smith who's just finishing his postdoc<00:55:22.160> up<00:55:22.240> with<00:55:22.400> me<00:55:22.640> will<00:55:22.880> soon<00:55:23.119> start<00:55:23.440> as<00:55:23.520> a 00:55:23.589 --> 00:55:23.599 align:start position:0% postdoc up with me will soon start as a 00:55:23.599 --> 00:55:24.549 align:start position:0% postdoc up with me will soon start as a faculty<00:55:24.000> member 00:55:24.549 --> 00:55:24.559 align:start position:0% faculty member 00:55:24.559 --> 00:55:27.589 align:start position:0% faculty member in<00:55:24.960> australia<00:55:25.520> in<00:55:25.920> uh<00:55:26.319> in<00:55:26.400> brisbane 00:55:27.589 --> 00:55:27.599 align:start position:0% in australia in uh in brisbane 00:55:27.599 --> 00:55:31.030 align:start position:0% in australia in uh in brisbane uh<00:55:28.960> and<00:55:29.520> richard<00:55:29.920> vaughan<00:55:30.160> who<00:55:30.400> is<00:55:30.480> a<00:55:30.559> postdoc 00:55:31.030 --> 00:55:31.040 align:start position:0% uh and richard vaughan who is a postdoc 00:55:31.040 --> 00:55:31.430 align:start position:0% uh and richard vaughan who is a postdoc with<00:55:31.119> me 00:55:31.430 --> 00:55:31.440 align:start position:0% with me 00:55:31.440 --> 00:55:33.349 align:start position:0% with me and<00:55:31.599> also<00:55:31.920> with<00:55:32.079> maya<00:55:32.480> so<00:55:32.720> we<00:55:32.960> we<00:55:33.119> work 00:55:33.349 --> 00:55:33.359 align:start position:0% and also with maya so we we work 00:55:33.359 --> 00:55:35.030 align:start position:0% and also with maya so we we work together<00:55:33.839> the<00:55:34.000> three<00:55:34.240> of<00:55:34.400> us 00:55:35.030 --> 00:55:35.040 align:start position:0% together the three of us 00:55:35.040 --> 00:55:37.109 align:start position:0% together the three of us is<00:55:35.599> now<00:55:35.760> an<00:55:35.920> associate<00:55:36.319> professor<00:55:36.720> at<00:55:36.799> simon 00:55:37.109 --> 00:55:37.119 align:start position:0% is now an associate professor at simon 00:55:37.119 --> 00:55:38.309 align:start position:0% is now an associate professor at simon fraser<00:55:37.599> university 00:55:38.309 --> 00:55:38.319 align:start position:0% fraser university 00:55:38.319 --> 00:55:41.670 align:start position:0% fraser university in<00:55:38.640> canada<00:55:39.680> so<00:55:39.839> there's<00:55:40.559> a<00:55:40.960> bunch<00:55:41.200> of<00:55:41.280> people 00:55:41.670 --> 00:55:41.680 align:start position:0% in canada so there's a bunch of people 00:55:41.680 --> 00:55:45.270 align:start position:0% in canada so there's a bunch of people dennis<00:55:42.000> wolfe<00:55:42.480> who<00:55:42.720> was<00:55:42.880> my<00:55:43.040> phd<00:55:43.599> student<00:55:44.160> is<00:55:44.319> a 00:55:45.270 --> 00:55:45.280 align:start position:0% dennis wolfe who was my phd student is a 00:55:45.280 --> 00:55:49.510 align:start position:0% dennis wolfe who was my phd student is a is<00:55:45.599> now<00:55:46.640> an<00:55:46.799> assistant<00:55:47.200> professor<00:55:47.520> in<00:55:47.599> brazil 00:55:49.510 --> 00:55:49.520 align:start position:0% is now an assistant professor in brazil 00:55:49.520 --> 00:55:51.910 align:start position:0% is now an assistant professor in brazil he's<00:55:49.920> brazilian<00:55:50.640> and<00:55:50.880> came<00:55:51.040> to<00:55:51.200> my<00:55:51.359> lab<00:55:51.680> and 00:55:51.910 --> 00:55:51.920 align:start position:0% he's brazilian and came to my lab and 00:55:51.920 --> 00:55:53.510 align:start position:0% he's brazilian and came to my lab and did<00:55:52.160> his<00:55:52.240> phd<00:55:52.640> with<00:55:52.799> me<00:55:52.960> and<00:55:53.040> then<00:55:53.200> went<00:55:53.359> back 00:55:53.510 --> 00:55:53.520 align:start position:0% did his phd with me and then went back 00:55:53.520 --> 00:55:54.309 align:start position:0% did his phd with me and then went back to<00:55:53.680> brazil<00:55:54.079> and 00:55:54.309 --> 00:55:54.319 align:start position:0% to brazil and 00:55:54.319 --> 00:55:57.510 align:start position:0% to brazil and joined<00:55:54.559> the<00:55:54.640> faculty<00:55:55.839> um<00:55:56.799> and<00:55:56.960> so<00:55:57.119> there's 00:55:57.510 --> 00:55:57.520 align:start position:0% joined the faculty um and so there's 00:55:57.520 --> 00:55:59.030 align:start position:0% joined the faculty um and so there's a<00:55:57.599> bunch<00:55:57.839> of<00:55:57.920> people<00:55:58.160> like<00:55:58.400> that<00:55:58.799> and<00:55:58.960> then 00:55:59.030 --> 00:55:59.040 align:start position:0% a bunch of people like that and then 00:55:59.040 --> 00:56:00.950 align:start position:0% a bunch of people like that and then there's<00:55:59.359> others<00:55:59.760> who<00:56:00.000> went<00:56:00.319> on<00:56:00.559> to 00:56:00.950 --> 00:56:00.960 align:start position:0% there's others who went on to 00:56:00.960 --> 00:56:04.549 align:start position:0% there's others who went on to careers<00:56:01.359> in<00:56:01.520> research<00:56:02.319> at<00:56:03.119> at<00:56:03.359> research<00:56:03.760> labs 00:56:04.549 --> 00:56:04.559 align:start position:0% careers in research at at research labs 00:56:04.559 --> 00:56:06.069 align:start position:0% careers in research at at research labs or<00:56:04.720> not<00:56:04.880> necessarily<00:56:05.280> academic<00:56:05.760> research 00:56:06.069 --> 00:56:06.079 align:start position:0% or not necessarily academic research 00:56:06.079 --> 00:56:07.670 align:start position:0% or not necessarily academic research labs<00:56:06.319> but<00:56:06.480> they<00:56:06.640> pursued<00:56:06.960> research 00:56:07.670 --> 00:56:07.680 align:start position:0% labs but they pursued research 00:56:07.680 --> 00:56:10.230 align:start position:0% labs but they pursued research in<00:56:07.920> in<00:56:08.000> research<00:56:08.480> labs<00:56:09.760> and<00:56:09.920> then<00:56:10.000> there's 00:56:10.230 --> 00:56:10.240 align:start position:0% in in research labs and then there's 00:56:10.240 --> 00:56:11.990 align:start position:0% in in research labs and then there's still<00:56:10.480> others<00:56:10.880> who<00:56:11.119> went<00:56:11.359> on<00:56:11.680> to 00:56:11.990 --> 00:56:12.000 align:start position:0% still others who went on to 00:56:12.000 --> 00:56:13.750 align:start position:0% still others who went on to pursue<00:56:12.400> careers<00:56:12.880> in<00:56:13.119> other<00:56:13.359> areas<00:56:13.680> of 00:56:13.750 --> 00:56:13.760 align:start position:0% pursue careers in other areas of 00:56:13.760 --> 00:56:15.270 align:start position:0% pursue careers in other areas of computer<00:56:14.079> science 00:56:15.270 --> 00:56:15.280 align:start position:0% computer science 00:56:15.280 --> 00:56:18.549 align:start position:0% computer science and<00:56:15.440> not<00:56:15.599> necessarily<00:56:16.079> in<00:56:16.160> robotics<00:56:17.760> i<00:56:17.920> have 00:56:18.549 --> 00:56:18.559 align:start position:0% and not necessarily in robotics i have 00:56:18.559 --> 00:56:19.990 align:start position:0% and not necessarily in robotics i have one<00:56:18.799> student<00:56:19.040> who<00:56:19.200> graduated<00:56:19.599> with<00:56:19.760> me<00:56:19.839> who 00:56:19.990 --> 00:56:20.000 align:start position:0% one student who graduated with me who 00:56:20.000 --> 00:56:21.430 align:start position:0% one student who graduated with me who now<00:56:20.160> works<00:56:20.319> for<00:56:20.400> microsoft<00:56:21.040> and<00:56:21.119> does 00:56:21.430 --> 00:56:21.440 align:start position:0% now works for microsoft and does 00:56:21.440 --> 00:56:23.030 align:start position:0% now works for microsoft and does completely<00:56:21.839> different<00:56:22.079> things 00:56:23.030 --> 00:56:23.040 align:start position:0% completely different things 00:56:23.040 --> 00:56:25.589 align:start position:0% completely different things but<00:56:23.440> that's<00:56:23.839> uh<00:56:24.319> i<00:56:24.480> i<00:56:24.720> suspect<00:56:25.119> most<00:56:25.359> people 00:56:25.589 --> 00:56:25.599 align:start position:0% but that's uh i i suspect most people 00:56:25.599 --> 00:56:26.950 align:start position:0% but that's uh i i suspect most people have<00:56:25.760> stayed<00:56:26.000> in<00:56:26.079> robotics<00:56:26.559> and 00:56:26.950 --> 00:56:26.960 align:start position:0% have stayed in robotics and 00:56:26.960 --> 00:56:28.630 align:start position:0% have stayed in robotics and in<00:56:27.119> fact<00:56:27.680> almost<00:56:28.000> all<00:56:28.160> have<00:56:28.319> stayed<00:56:28.559> in 00:56:28.630 --> 00:56:28.640 align:start position:0% in fact almost all have stayed in 00:56:28.640 --> 00:56:30.870 align:start position:0% in fact almost all have stayed in research<00:56:29.040> in<00:56:29.119> some<00:56:29.359> form<00:56:29.599> or<00:56:29.680> the<00:56:29.839> other 00:56:30.870 --> 00:56:30.880 align:start position:0% research in some form or the other 00:56:30.880 --> 00:56:33.430 align:start position:0% research in some form or the other some<00:56:31.200> do<00:56:31.440> r<00:56:31.760> d<00:56:32.160> and<00:56:32.319> some<00:56:32.559> do<00:56:32.720> more<00:56:32.960> academic 00:56:33.430 --> 00:56:33.440 align:start position:0% some do r d and some do more academic 00:56:33.440 --> 00:56:35.589 align:start position:0% some do r d and some do more academic research 00:56:35.589 --> 00:56:35.599 align:start position:0% research 00:56:35.599 --> 00:56:40.630 align:start position:0% research what<00:56:35.839> are<00:56:35.920> some<00:56:36.079> of<00:56:36.160> the<00:56:36.480> commercial<00:56:36.960> r 00:56:40.630 --> 00:56:40.640 align:start position:0% 00:56:40.640 --> 00:56:43.349 align:start position:0% uh<00:56:41.040> right<00:56:41.280> so<00:56:41.599> i'll<00:56:41.839> name<00:56:42.240> two<00:56:42.720> just<00:56:42.880> to<00:56:43.200> give 00:56:43.349 --> 00:56:43.359 align:start position:0% uh right so i'll name two just to give 00:56:43.359 --> 00:56:44.470 align:start position:0% uh right so i'll name two just to give you<00:56:43.599> examples 00:56:44.470 --> 00:56:44.480 align:start position:0% you examples 00:56:44.480 --> 00:56:47.910 align:start position:0% you examples um<00:56:45.520> samira<00:56:45.920> poduri<00:56:46.480> who<00:56:46.640> did<00:56:46.799> her<00:56:47.200> phd<00:56:47.680> with<00:56:47.760> me 00:56:47.910 --> 00:56:47.920 align:start position:0% um samira poduri who did her phd with me 00:56:47.920 --> 00:56:49.589 align:start position:0% um samira poduri who did her phd with me and<00:56:48.079> also<00:56:48.319> post<00:56:48.559> talk<00:56:48.720> with<00:56:48.880> me<00:56:49.040> briefly 00:56:49.589 --> 00:56:49.599 align:start position:0% and also post talk with me briefly 00:56:49.599 --> 00:56:52.950 align:start position:0% and also post talk with me briefly is<00:56:49.760> now<00:56:50.720> at<00:56:51.119> qualcomm's<00:56:52.000> bay<00:56:52.240> area<00:56:52.559> research 00:56:52.950 --> 00:56:52.960 align:start position:0% is now at qualcomm's bay area research 00:56:52.960 --> 00:56:54.470 align:start position:0% is now at qualcomm's bay area research and<00:56:53.040> development<00:56:53.440> center 00:56:54.470 --> 00:56:54.480 align:start position:0% and development center 00:56:54.480 --> 00:56:57.829 align:start position:0% and development center in<00:56:54.559> the<00:56:54.720> san<00:56:54.880> francisco<00:56:55.440> bay<00:56:55.599> area 00:56:57.829 --> 00:56:57.839 align:start position:0% in the san francisco bay area 00:56:57.839 --> 00:57:00.630 align:start position:0% in the san francisco bay area stefan<00:56:58.240> robert<00:56:58.640> who<00:56:58.799> did<00:56:58.960> his<00:56:59.040> phd<00:56:59.520> with<00:56:59.680> me<00:57:00.160> uh 00:57:00.630 --> 00:57:00.640 align:start position:0% stefan robert who did his phd with me uh 00:57:00.640 --> 00:57:01.670 align:start position:0% stefan robert who did his phd with me uh several<00:57:00.960> years<00:57:01.200> ago 00:57:01.670 --> 00:57:01.680 align:start position:0% several years ago 00:57:01.680 --> 00:57:03.670 align:start position:0% several years ago on<00:57:01.839> robot<00:57:02.160> helicopters<00:57:02.799> continues<00:57:03.280> to<00:57:03.359> pursue 00:57:03.670 --> 00:57:03.680 align:start position:0% on robot helicopters continues to pursue 00:57:03.680 --> 00:57:05.670 align:start position:0% on robot helicopters continues to pursue research<00:57:04.079> in<00:57:04.240> robot<00:57:04.559> helicopters 00:57:05.670 --> 00:57:05.680 align:start position:0% research in robot helicopters 00:57:05.680 --> 00:57:08.789 align:start position:0% research in robot helicopters at<00:57:05.920> csiro<00:57:07.040> in<00:57:07.200> australia 00:57:08.789 --> 00:57:08.799 align:start position:0% at csiro in australia 00:57:08.799 --> 00:57:11.589 align:start position:0% at csiro in australia which<00:57:09.040> is<00:57:09.200> a<00:57:09.599> which<00:57:09.839> is<00:57:10.319> the<00:57:10.400> large<00:57:10.799> australian 00:57:11.589 --> 00:57:11.599 align:start position:0% which is a which is the large australian 00:57:11.599 --> 00:57:12.630 align:start position:0% which is a which is the large australian agency<00:57:12.079> that 00:57:12.630 --> 00:57:12.640 align:start position:0% agency that 00:57:12.640 --> 00:57:15.109 align:start position:0% agency that coordinates<00:57:13.119> australian<00:57:13.680> research<00:57:14.079> in 00:57:15.109 --> 00:57:15.119 align:start position:0% coordinates australian research in 00:57:15.119 --> 00:57:16.950 align:start position:0% coordinates australian research in diverse<00:57:15.520> areas<00:57:15.920> of<00:57:16.000> science<00:57:16.319> and<00:57:16.480> technology 00:57:16.950 --> 00:57:16.960 align:start position:0% diverse areas of science and technology 00:57:16.960 --> 00:57:18.309 align:start position:0% diverse areas of science and technology in<00:57:17.119> other<00:57:17.359> areas<00:57:17.680> as<00:57:17.839> well 00:57:18.309 --> 00:57:18.319 align:start position:0% in other areas as well 00:57:18.319 --> 00:57:23.109 align:start position:0% in other areas as well so<00:57:18.640> it<00:57:18.799> works<00:57:19.040> there 00:57:23.109 --> 00:57:23.119 align:start position:0% 00:57:23.119 --> 00:57:26.549 align:start position:0% there<00:57:23.440> are<00:57:25.599> in<00:57:25.920> addition 00:57:26.549 --> 00:57:26.559 align:start position:0% there are in addition 00:57:26.559 --> 00:57:28.950 align:start position:0% there are in addition uh<00:57:27.119> maxim<00:57:27.520> battalion<00:57:28.079> who<00:57:28.240> worked<00:57:28.480> with<00:57:28.640> me<00:57:28.799> on 00:57:28.950 --> 00:57:28.960 align:start position:0% uh maxim battalion who worked with me on 00:57:28.960 --> 00:57:30.309 align:start position:0% uh maxim battalion who worked with me on network<00:57:29.359> robots<00:57:29.839> in 00:57:30.309 --> 00:57:30.319 align:start position:0% network robots in 00:57:30.319 --> 00:57:33.349 align:start position:0% network robots in about<00:57:30.720> about<00:57:31.200> seven<00:57:31.520> years<00:57:31.760> ago<00:57:32.880> works 00:57:33.349 --> 00:57:33.359 align:start position:0% about about seven years ago works 00:57:33.359 --> 00:57:35.990 align:start position:0% about about seven years ago works uh<00:57:34.079> works<00:57:34.480> uh<00:57:34.880> now<00:57:35.119> in<00:57:35.200> an<00:57:35.280> entirely<00:57:35.680> different 00:57:35.990 --> 00:57:36.000 align:start position:0% uh works uh now in an entirely different 00:57:36.000 --> 00:57:37.349 align:start position:0% uh works uh now in an entirely different field<00:57:36.400> he<00:57:36.640> works<00:57:36.960> in 00:57:37.349 --> 00:57:37.359 align:start position:0% field he works in 00:57:37.359 --> 00:57:40.470 align:start position:0% field he works in wireless<00:57:37.920> health<00:57:38.839> systems<00:57:40.000> and<00:57:40.079> he's<00:57:40.240> still 00:57:40.470 --> 00:57:40.480 align:start position:0% wireless health systems and he's still 00:57:40.480 --> 00:57:41.750 align:start position:0% wireless health systems and he's still here<00:57:40.640> in<00:57:40.799> la<00:57:41.200> locally 00:57:41.750 --> 00:57:41.760 align:start position:0% here in la locally 00:57:41.760 --> 00:57:44.230 align:start position:0% here in la locally across<00:57:42.079> at<00:57:42.160> ucla<00:57:43.119> in<00:57:43.280> a<00:57:43.359> new<00:57:43.599> institute<00:57:44.079> that 00:57:44.230 --> 00:57:44.240 align:start position:0% across at ucla in a new institute that 00:57:44.240 --> 00:57:46.950 align:start position:0% across at ucla in a new institute that they've<00:57:44.400> set<00:57:44.559> up<00:57:44.720> for<00:57:44.880> that<00:57:45.040> purpose 00:57:46.950 --> 00:57:46.960 align:start position:0% they've set up for that purpose 00:57:46.960 --> 00:57:50.549 align:start position:0% they've set up for that purpose and<00:57:47.440> and<00:57:48.160> boyon<00:57:48.960> jung<00:57:49.440> who<00:57:49.920> worked<00:57:50.160> with<00:57:50.240> me 00:57:50.549 --> 00:57:50.559 align:start position:0% and and boyon jung who worked with me 00:57:50.559 --> 00:57:54.470 align:start position:0% and and boyon jung who worked with me on<00:57:50.640> his<00:57:50.799> phd<00:57:51.280> thesis<00:57:53.200> works<00:57:53.599> for<00:57:53.839> a 00:57:54.470 --> 00:57:54.480 align:start position:0% on his phd thesis works for a 00:57:54.480 --> 00:57:57.030 align:start position:0% on his phd thesis works for a company<00:57:54.799> called<00:57:55.040> navcon<00:57:56.079> who<00:57:56.240> were<00:57:56.480> experts 00:57:57.030 --> 00:57:57.040 align:start position:0% company called navcon who were experts 00:57:57.040 --> 00:57:57.750 align:start position:0% company called navcon who were experts in<00:57:57.359> uh 00:57:57.750 --> 00:57:57.760 align:start position:0% in uh 00:57:57.760 --> 00:58:00.630 align:start position:0% in uh in<00:57:58.000> gps<00:57:58.880> and<00:57:59.280> many<00:57:59.599> other<00:57:59.839> areas<00:58:00.160> of<00:58:00.319> outdoor 00:58:00.630 --> 00:58:00.640 align:start position:0% in gps and many other areas of outdoor 00:58:00.640 --> 00:58:02.630 align:start position:0% in gps and many other areas of outdoor navigation<00:58:01.200> solutions<00:58:01.599> for<00:58:01.760> robots 00:58:02.630 --> 00:58:02.640 align:start position:0% navigation solutions for robots 00:58:02.640 --> 00:58:04.309 align:start position:0% navigation solutions for robots and<00:58:02.720> they're<00:58:02.960> a<00:58:03.119> wholly<00:58:03.440> owned<00:58:03.680> subsidiary<00:58:04.160> of 00:58:04.309 --> 00:58:04.319 align:start position:0% and they're a wholly owned subsidiary of 00:58:04.319 --> 00:58:05.910 align:start position:0% and they're a wholly owned subsidiary of john<00:58:04.559> deere<00:58:05.440> and<00:58:05.599> so 00:58:05.910 --> 00:58:05.920 align:start position:0% john deere and so 00:58:05.920 --> 00:58:08.390 align:start position:0% john deere and so so<00:58:06.160> he<00:58:06.319> works<00:58:06.640> there<00:58:06.960> and<00:58:07.359> fulfills<00:58:07.839> the<00:58:08.000> r<00:58:08.240> d 00:58:08.390 --> 00:58:08.400 align:start position:0% so he works there and fulfills the r d 00:58:08.400 --> 00:58:09.109 align:start position:0% so he works there and fulfills the r d role 00:58:09.109 --> 00:58:09.119 align:start position:0% role 00:58:09.119 --> 00:58:10.950 align:start position:0% role another<00:58:09.440> one<00:58:09.599> of<00:58:09.680> my<00:58:09.920> students<00:58:10.240> david<00:58:10.559> nathan 00:58:10.950 --> 00:58:10.960 align:start position:0% another one of my students david nathan 00:58:10.960 --> 00:58:12.390 align:start position:0% another one of my students david nathan also<00:58:11.200> works<00:58:11.440> at<00:58:11.520> the<00:58:11.599> same<00:58:11.839> company 00:58:12.390 --> 00:58:12.400 align:start position:0% also works at the same company 00:58:12.400 --> 00:58:15.109 align:start position:0% also works at the same company and<00:58:12.559> so<00:58:12.720> they<00:58:12.880> both<00:58:13.119> work<00:58:13.359> in<00:58:13.520> r<00:58:13.760> d<00:58:14.400> in<00:58:14.640> a<00:58:14.880> in<00:58:15.040> a 00:58:15.109 --> 00:58:15.119 align:start position:0% and so they both work in r d in a in a 00:58:15.119 --> 00:58:15.990 align:start position:0% and so they both work in r d in a in a company<00:58:15.520> which 00:58:15.990 --> 00:58:16.000 align:start position:0% company which 00:58:16.000 --> 00:58:17.829 align:start position:0% company which which<00:58:16.240> is<00:58:16.480> doing<00:58:16.799> robotics<00:58:17.280> but<00:58:17.440> it's<00:58:17.599> part<00:58:17.760> of 00:58:17.829 --> 00:58:17.839 align:start position:0% which is doing robotics but it's part of 00:58:17.839 --> 00:58:19.910 align:start position:0% which is doing robotics but it's part of a<00:58:17.920> larger<00:58:18.319> concern 00:58:19.910 --> 00:58:19.920 align:start position:0% a larger concern 00:58:19.920 --> 00:58:22.069 align:start position:0% a larger concern so<00:58:20.079> there<00:58:20.559> are<00:58:20.960> sort<00:58:21.119> of<00:58:21.280> several<00:58:21.599> people<00:58:21.839> who 00:58:22.069 --> 00:58:22.079 align:start position:0% so there are sort of several people who 00:58:22.079 --> 00:58:23.990 align:start position:0% so there are sort of several people who do<00:58:22.400> many<00:58:22.640> many<00:58:22.880> different<00:58:23.200> things 00:58:23.990 --> 00:58:24.000 align:start position:0% do many many different things 00:58:24.000 --> 00:58:27.510 align:start position:0% do many many different things uh<00:58:25.599> you<00:58:25.680> must<00:58:25.920> be<00:58:26.000> forgetting<00:58:26.480> somebody<00:58:26.799> but 00:58:27.510 --> 00:58:27.520 align:start position:0% uh you must be forgetting somebody but 00:58:27.520 --> 00:58:29.670 align:start position:0% uh you must be forgetting somebody but but<00:58:27.920> apologies<00:58:28.400> to<00:58:28.480> whoever<00:58:28.799> i<00:58:28.880> forgot<00:58:29.280> i'm 00:58:29.670 --> 00:58:29.680 align:start position:0% but apologies to whoever i forgot i'm 00:58:29.680 --> 00:58:31.510 align:start position:0% but apologies to whoever i forgot i'm i'm<00:58:29.920> i'm<00:58:30.160> free<00:58:30.400> associating<00:58:30.880> as<00:58:31.040> i<00:58:31.119> go 00:58:31.510 --> 00:58:31.520 align:start position:0% i'm i'm free associating as i go 00:58:31.520 --> 00:58:34.950 align:start position:0% i'm i'm free associating as i go so<00:58:31.839> yeah<00:58:32.000> so<00:58:32.960> so<00:58:33.280> um<00:58:34.000> looking<00:58:34.319> back<00:58:34.640> at 00:58:34.950 --> 00:58:34.960 align:start position:0% so yeah so so um looking back at 00:58:34.960 --> 00:58:37.430 align:start position:0% so yeah so so um looking back at the<00:58:35.280> history<00:58:35.599> of<00:58:35.760> robotics<00:58:36.880> a<00:58:37.040> lot's<00:58:37.280> been 00:58:37.430 --> 00:58:37.440 align:start position:0% the history of robotics a lot's been 00:58:37.440 --> 00:58:38.630 align:start position:0% the history of robotics a lot's been done<00:58:37.680> in 00:58:38.630 --> 00:58:38.640 align:start position:0% done in 00:58:38.640 --> 00:58:41.349 align:start position:0% done in east<00:58:38.960> asia<00:58:39.359> and<00:58:39.520> north<00:58:39.760> america<00:58:40.240> europe<00:58:40.640> but 00:58:41.349 --> 00:58:41.359 align:start position:0% east asia and north america europe but 00:58:41.359 --> 00:58:43.430 align:start position:0% east asia and north america europe but yourself<00:58:41.839> coming<00:58:42.160> from<00:58:42.319> south<00:58:42.640> asia<00:58:43.040> having 00:58:43.430 --> 00:58:43.440 align:start position:0% yourself coming from south asia having 00:58:43.440 --> 00:58:44.230 align:start position:0% yourself coming from south asia having students<00:58:43.760> that<00:58:43.920> are 00:58:44.230 --> 00:58:44.240 align:start position:0% students that are 00:58:44.240 --> 00:58:49.030 align:start position:0% students that are teaching<00:58:44.559> robotics<00:58:45.200> and<00:58:45.440> stuff<00:58:46.480> yeah 00:58:49.030 --> 00:58:49.040 align:start position:0% 00:58:49.040 --> 00:58:51.589 align:start position:0% um<00:58:49.839> where<00:58:50.000> do<00:58:50.079> you<00:58:50.240> see<00:58:50.720> the<00:58:50.880> sort<00:58:51.040> of 00:58:51.589 --> 00:58:51.599 align:start position:0% um where do you see the sort of 00:58:51.599 --> 00:58:52.309 align:start position:0% um where do you see the sort of emergence 00:58:52.309 --> 00:58:52.319 align:start position:0% emergence 00:58:52.319 --> 00:58:54.789 align:start position:0% emergence of<00:58:52.559> robotics<00:58:53.200> in<00:58:53.280> these<00:58:53.520> other<00:58:54.240> countries 00:58:54.789 --> 00:58:54.799 align:start position:0% of robotics in these other countries 00:58:54.799 --> 00:58:55.430 align:start position:0% of robotics in these other countries that<00:58:55.119> uh 00:58:55.430 --> 00:58:55.440 align:start position:0% that uh 00:58:55.440 --> 00:58:57.190 align:start position:0% that uh maybe<00:58:55.760> didn't<00:58:56.000> traditionally<00:58:56.400> have<00:58:56.640> robotics 00:58:57.190 --> 00:58:57.200 align:start position:0% maybe didn't traditionally have robotics 00:58:57.200 --> 00:58:58.549 align:start position:0% maybe didn't traditionally have robotics programs<00:58:57.760> or 00:58:58.549 --> 00:58:58.559 align:start position:0% programs or 00:58:58.559 --> 00:59:00.789 align:start position:0% programs or when<00:58:58.720> you<00:58:58.880> were<00:58:59.200> a<00:58:59.359> student<00:59:00.319> was<00:59:00.480> there<00:59:00.640> an 00:59:00.789 --> 00:59:00.799 align:start position:0% when you were a student was there an 00:59:00.799 --> 00:59:02.870 align:start position:0% when you were a student was there an opportunity<00:59:01.200> to<00:59:01.359> study<00:59:01.599> robotics<00:59:02.160> there 00:59:02.870 --> 00:59:02.880 align:start position:0% opportunity to study robotics there 00:59:02.880 --> 00:59:06.390 align:start position:0% opportunity to study robotics there or 00:59:06.390 --> 00:59:06.400 align:start position:0% 00:59:06.400 --> 00:59:08.710 align:start position:0% i<00:59:06.559> think<00:59:07.119> i<00:59:07.280> think<00:59:07.440> there<00:59:07.680> is<00:59:07.760> now<00:59:08.240> much<00:59:08.480> more 00:59:08.710 --> 00:59:08.720 align:start position:0% i think i think there is now much more 00:59:08.720 --> 00:59:09.670 align:start position:0% i think i think there is now much more opportunity 00:59:09.670 --> 00:59:09.680 align:start position:0% opportunity 00:59:09.680 --> 00:59:12.230 align:start position:0% opportunity globally<00:59:10.319> than<00:59:10.480> there<00:59:10.720> used<00:59:10.880> to<00:59:10.960> be<00:59:11.680> uh<00:59:12.079> it's 00:59:12.230 --> 00:59:12.240 align:start position:0% globally than there used to be uh it's 00:59:12.240 --> 00:59:14.230 align:start position:0% globally than there used to be uh it's certainly<00:59:12.559> the<00:59:12.720> case<00:59:13.040> that 00:59:14.230 --> 00:59:14.240 align:start position:0% certainly the case that 00:59:14.240 --> 00:59:15.750 align:start position:0% certainly the case that when<00:59:14.400> i<00:59:14.480> was<00:59:14.640> an<00:59:14.799> undergraduate<00:59:15.280> in<00:59:15.440> india<00:59:15.680> in 00:59:15.750 --> 00:59:15.760 align:start position:0% when i was an undergraduate in india in 00:59:15.760 --> 00:59:17.829 align:start position:0% when i was an undergraduate in india in the<00:59:15.839> late<00:59:16.079> 1980s 00:59:17.829 --> 00:59:17.839 align:start position:0% the late 1980s 00:59:17.839 --> 00:59:20.069 align:start position:0% the late 1980s there<00:59:18.000> was<00:59:18.160> not<00:59:18.640> a<00:59:18.799> significant<00:59:19.599> robotics 00:59:20.069 --> 00:59:20.079 align:start position:0% there was not a significant robotics 00:59:20.079 --> 00:59:22.069 align:start position:0% there was not a significant robotics focus<00:59:20.640> i<00:59:20.720> took<00:59:20.880> no<00:59:21.040> robotics<00:59:21.440> courses<00:59:21.839> as<00:59:22.000> an 00:59:22.069 --> 00:59:22.079 align:start position:0% focus i took no robotics courses as an 00:59:22.079 --> 00:59:24.549 align:start position:0% focus i took no robotics courses as an undergrad<00:59:22.559> for<00:59:22.720> example<00:59:23.119> none<00:59:23.359> were<00:59:23.599> offered 00:59:24.549 --> 00:59:24.559 align:start position:0% undergrad for example none were offered 00:59:24.559 --> 00:59:26.710 align:start position:0% undergrad for example none were offered and<00:59:24.720> today<00:59:25.040> that's<00:59:25.359> that's<00:59:25.680> not<00:59:25.839> true<00:59:26.079> anymore 00:59:26.710 --> 00:59:26.720 align:start position:0% and today that's that's not true anymore 00:59:26.720 --> 00:59:28.069 align:start position:0% and today that's that's not true anymore there's<00:59:27.040> a<00:59:27.119> significant<00:59:27.599> number 00:59:28.069 --> 00:59:28.079 align:start position:0% there's a significant number 00:59:28.079 --> 00:59:31.589 align:start position:0% there's a significant number that<00:59:28.319> that<00:59:28.480> would<00:59:28.640> be<00:59:28.799> available<00:59:30.720> one 00:59:31.589 --> 00:59:31.599 align:start position:0% that that would be available one 00:59:31.599 --> 00:59:33.670 align:start position:0% that that would be available one thing<00:59:31.920> that<00:59:32.160> has<00:59:32.559> changed<00:59:32.960> and<00:59:33.040> i<00:59:33.119> alluded<00:59:33.520> to 00:59:33.670 --> 00:59:33.680 align:start position:0% thing that has changed and i alluded to 00:59:33.680 --> 00:59:35.990 align:start position:0% thing that has changed and i alluded to this<00:59:33.839> earlier<00:59:34.240> when<00:59:34.400> i<00:59:34.559> spoke<00:59:34.960> was 00:59:35.990 --> 00:59:36.000 align:start position:0% this earlier when i spoke was 00:59:36.000 --> 00:59:38.309 align:start position:0% this earlier when i spoke was the<00:59:36.240> interesting<00:59:36.720> thing<00:59:36.960> is<00:59:37.200> that<00:59:37.760> robotics 00:59:38.309 --> 00:59:38.319 align:start position:0% the interesting thing is that robotics 00:59:38.319 --> 00:59:39.030 align:start position:0% the interesting thing is that robotics is<00:59:38.400> a<00:59:38.480> lot<00:59:38.640> about 00:59:39.030 --> 00:59:39.040 align:start position:0% is a lot about 00:59:39.040 --> 00:59:42.630 align:start position:0% is a lot about doing<00:59:40.240> and<00:59:40.880> uh 00:59:42.630 --> 00:59:42.640 align:start position:0% doing and uh 00:59:42.640 --> 00:59:45.109 align:start position:0% doing and uh it<00:59:42.799> is<00:59:43.040> a<00:59:43.280> it<00:59:43.520> is<00:59:43.680> an<00:59:43.920> engineering<00:59:44.559> science 00:59:45.109 --> 00:59:45.119 align:start position:0% it is a it is an engineering science 00:59:45.119 --> 00:59:46.950 align:start position:0% it is a it is an engineering science that<00:59:45.440> relies<00:59:45.920> intimately<00:59:46.480> on 00:59:46.950 --> 00:59:46.960 align:start position:0% that relies intimately on 00:59:46.960 --> 00:59:51.109 align:start position:0% that relies intimately on experimentation<00:59:48.160> and<00:59:49.119> sort<00:59:49.359> of<00:59:49.920> theory 00:59:51.109 --> 00:59:51.119 align:start position:0% experimentation and sort of theory 00:59:51.119 --> 00:59:53.349 align:start position:0% experimentation and sort of theory and<00:59:51.839> one<00:59:52.000> of<00:59:52.079> the<00:59:52.240> positive<00:59:52.720> developments<00:59:53.200> has 00:59:53.349 --> 00:59:53.359 align:start position:0% and one of the positive developments has 00:59:53.359 --> 00:59:55.270 align:start position:0% and one of the positive developments has been<00:59:53.760> that<00:59:54.000> the 00:59:55.270 --> 00:59:55.280 align:start position:0% been that the 00:59:55.280 --> 00:59:57.750 align:start position:0% been that the commoditization<00:59:56.319> of<00:59:56.720> small<00:59:57.040> robots<00:59:57.599> is 00:59:57.750 --> 00:59:57.760 align:start position:0% commoditization of small robots is 00:59:57.760 --> 00:59:58.549 align:start position:0% commoditization of small robots is really 00:59:58.549 --> 00:59:58.559 align:start position:0% really 00:59:58.559 --> 01:00:01.670 align:start position:0% really sort<00:59:58.720> of<00:59:59.119> given<00:59:59.520> access<01:00:00.079> to<01:00:00.960> many<01:00:01.200> many<01:00:01.440> more 01:00:01.670 --> 01:00:01.680 align:start position:0% sort of given access to many many more 01:00:01.680 --> 01:00:03.430 align:start position:0% sort of given access to many many more people<01:00:02.000> than<01:00:02.240> formally<01:00:02.640> could<01:00:02.799> afford<01:00:03.200> them 01:00:03.430 --> 01:00:03.440 align:start position:0% people than formally could afford them 01:00:03.440 --> 01:00:04.150 align:start position:0% people than formally could afford them right<01:00:03.680> could 01:00:04.150 --> 01:00:04.160 align:start position:0% right could 01:00:04.160 --> 01:00:06.470 align:start position:0% right could use<01:00:04.480> them<01:00:05.040> and<01:00:05.200> this<01:00:05.440> is<01:00:05.520> a<01:00:05.599> very<01:00:05.920> very<01:00:06.160> healthy 01:00:06.470 --> 01:00:06.480 align:start position:0% use them and this is a very very healthy 01:00:06.480 --> 01:00:08.069 align:start position:0% use them and this is a very very healthy and<01:00:06.640> positive<01:00:07.040> thing<01:00:07.359> so 01:00:08.069 --> 01:00:08.079 align:start position:0% and positive thing so 01:00:08.079 --> 01:00:11.510 align:start position:0% and positive thing so so<01:00:08.319> just<01:00:08.559> the<01:00:08.880> ability<01:00:09.440> for<01:00:10.799> for<01:00:10.960> people<01:00:11.280> in 01:00:11.510 --> 01:00:11.520 align:start position:0% so just the ability for for people in 01:00:11.520 --> 01:00:13.349 align:start position:0% so just the ability for for people in many<01:00:11.760> many<01:00:12.000> different<01:00:12.240> parts<01:00:12.480> of<01:00:12.559> the<01:00:12.720> world 01:00:13.349 --> 01:00:13.359 align:start position:0% many many different parts of the world 01:00:13.359 --> 01:00:16.150 align:start position:0% many many different parts of the world to<01:00:13.520> pursue<01:00:13.920> robotics<01:00:14.400> projects<01:00:15.280> during<01:00:15.599> their 01:00:16.150 --> 01:00:16.160 align:start position:0% to pursue robotics projects during their 01:00:16.160 --> 01:00:17.589 align:start position:0% to pursue robotics projects during their school<01:00:16.480> life<01:00:16.720> or<01:00:16.799> their<01:00:17.040> undergraduate 01:00:17.589 --> 01:00:17.599 align:start position:0% school life or their undergraduate 01:00:17.599 --> 01:00:19.589 align:start position:0% school life or their undergraduate career 01:00:19.589 --> 01:00:19.599 align:start position:0% career 01:00:19.599 --> 01:00:21.589 align:start position:0% career is<01:00:19.760> just<01:00:20.000> now<01:00:20.319> much<01:00:20.559> more<01:00:20.880> possible<01:00:21.280> than<01:00:21.440> it 01:00:21.589 --> 01:00:21.599 align:start position:0% is just now much more possible than it 01:00:21.599 --> 01:00:23.430 align:start position:0% is just now much more possible than it was<01:00:21.920> 20<01:00:22.079> years<01:00:22.319> ago<01:00:22.640> when<01:00:22.880> there<01:00:23.040> were<01:00:23.200> very 01:00:23.430 --> 01:00:23.440 align:start position:0% was 20 years ago when there were very 01:00:23.440 --> 01:00:24.870 align:start position:0% was 20 years ago when there were very few<01:00:23.599> robots<01:00:24.160> and 01:00:24.870 --> 01:00:24.880 align:start position:0% few robots and 01:00:24.880 --> 01:00:26.630 align:start position:0% few robots and the<01:00:25.040> development<01:00:25.520> in<01:00:25.599> some<01:00:25.839> ways<01:00:26.240> is<01:00:26.319> not 01:00:26.630 --> 01:00:26.640 align:start position:0% the development in some ways is not 01:00:26.640 --> 01:00:28.150 align:start position:0% the development in some ways is not unlike<01:00:26.960> the<01:00:27.040> development<01:00:27.440> of<01:00:27.599> computing 01:00:28.150 --> 01:00:28.160 align:start position:0% unlike the development of computing 01:00:28.160 --> 01:00:29.670 align:start position:0% unlike the development of computing right<01:00:28.480> so 01:00:29.670 --> 01:00:29.680 align:start position:0% right so 01:00:29.680 --> 01:00:31.430 align:start position:0% right so if<01:00:29.760> you<01:00:29.839> did<01:00:30.079> computer<01:00:30.400> science<01:00:30.720> 40<01:00:30.960> years<01:00:31.119> ago 01:00:31.430 --> 01:00:31.440 align:start position:0% if you did computer science 40 years ago 01:00:31.440 --> 01:00:32.870 align:start position:0% if you did computer science 40 years ago there<01:00:31.680> was<01:00:32.000> a<01:00:32.240> computer 01:00:32.870 --> 01:00:32.880 align:start position:0% there was a computer 01:00:32.880 --> 01:00:34.950 align:start position:0% there was a computer at<01:00:33.040> the<01:00:33.200> university<01:00:33.839> and<01:00:34.079> everybody<01:00:34.400> had<01:00:34.640> some 01:00:34.950 --> 01:00:34.960 align:start position:0% at the university and everybody had some 01:00:34.960 --> 01:00:36.549 align:start position:0% at the university and everybody had some sort<01:00:35.200> of<01:00:35.520> access<01:00:35.920> to<01:00:36.160> it 01:00:36.549 --> 01:00:36.559 align:start position:0% sort of access to it 01:00:36.559 --> 01:00:39.030 align:start position:0% sort of access to it occasionally<01:00:37.359> maybe<01:00:38.000> right<01:00:38.640> and<01:00:38.720> then<01:00:38.880> there 01:00:39.030 --> 01:00:39.040 align:start position:0% occasionally maybe right and then there 01:00:39.040 --> 01:00:40.470 align:start position:0% occasionally maybe right and then there were<01:00:39.280> other<01:00:39.520> universities<01:00:40.000> where<01:00:40.319> they 01:00:40.470 --> 01:00:40.480 align:start position:0% were other universities where they 01:00:40.480 --> 01:00:41.510 align:start position:0% were other universities where they didn't<01:00:40.640> have<01:00:40.799> a<01:00:40.880> computer 01:00:41.510 --> 01:00:41.520 align:start position:0% didn't have a computer 01:00:41.520 --> 01:00:44.230 align:start position:0% didn't have a computer and<01:00:42.000> then<01:00:42.240> in<01:00:42.319> the<01:00:42.400> 1970s<01:00:43.200> that<01:00:43.440> changed<01:00:44.000> and 01:00:44.230 --> 01:00:44.240 align:start position:0% and then in the 1970s that changed and 01:00:44.240 --> 01:00:45.750 align:start position:0% and then in the 1970s that changed and by<01:00:44.400> the<01:00:44.480> 1980s<01:00:45.119> with<01:00:45.280> the<01:00:45.359> rise<01:00:45.599> of<01:00:45.680> the 01:00:45.750 --> 01:00:45.760 align:start position:0% by the 1980s with the rise of the 01:00:45.760 --> 01:00:46.870 align:start position:0% by the 1980s with the rise of the personal<01:00:46.160> computer 01:00:46.870 --> 01:00:46.880 align:start position:0% personal computer 01:00:46.880 --> 01:00:48.870 align:start position:0% personal computer it<01:00:47.040> changed<01:00:47.359> completely<01:00:48.319> and<01:00:48.480> now<01:00:48.640> of<01:00:48.720> course 01:00:48.870 --> 01:00:48.880 align:start position:0% it changed completely and now of course 01:00:48.880 --> 01:00:49.910 align:start position:0% it changed completely and now of course we<01:00:49.040> no<01:00:49.200> longer 01:00:49.910 --> 01:00:49.920 align:start position:0% we no longer 01:00:49.920 --> 01:00:51.190 align:start position:0% we no longer tell<01:00:50.160> our<01:00:50.319> students<01:00:50.640> that<01:00:50.720> you<01:00:50.799> have<01:00:50.960> access 01:00:51.190 --> 01:00:51.200 align:start position:0% tell our students that you have access 01:00:51.200 --> 01:00:52.870 align:start position:0% tell our students that you have access to<01:00:51.359> computation<01:00:51.920> because<01:00:52.160> every<01:00:52.319> student<01:00:52.640> has 01:00:52.870 --> 01:00:52.880 align:start position:0% to computation because every student has 01:00:52.880 --> 01:00:53.349 align:start position:0% to computation because every student has their<01:00:53.040> own 01:00:53.349 --> 01:00:53.359 align:start position:0% their own 01:00:53.359 --> 01:00:55.829 align:start position:0% their own access<01:00:53.680> to<01:00:53.839> computation<01:00:54.960> and<01:00:55.280> yes<01:00:55.520> there's 01:00:55.829 --> 01:00:55.839 align:start position:0% access to computation and yes there's 01:00:55.839 --> 01:00:57.430 align:start position:0% access to computation and yes there's computational<01:00:56.640> infrastructure 01:00:57.430 --> 01:00:57.440 align:start position:0% computational infrastructure 01:00:57.440 --> 01:00:59.030 align:start position:0% computational infrastructure universities<01:00:57.920> provide<01:00:58.319> and<01:00:58.480> certainly<01:00:58.880> for 01:00:59.030 --> 01:00:59.040 align:start position:0% universities provide and certainly for 01:00:59.040 --> 01:01:01.190 align:start position:0% universities provide and certainly for high-end<01:00:59.440> computation<01:01:00.000> you<01:01:00.160> still<01:01:00.319> need<01:01:00.480> that 01:01:01.190 --> 01:01:01.200 align:start position:0% high-end computation you still need that 01:01:01.200 --> 01:01:03.670 align:start position:0% high-end computation you still need that but<01:01:01.359> for<01:01:01.599> a<01:01:01.680> lot<01:01:01.839> of<01:01:01.920> personal<01:01:02.319> needs<01:01:03.200> to<01:01:03.359> study 01:01:03.670 --> 01:01:03.680 align:start position:0% but for a lot of personal needs to study 01:01:03.680 --> 01:01:05.270 align:start position:0% but for a lot of personal needs to study computer<01:01:04.079> science 01:01:05.270 --> 01:01:05.280 align:start position:0% computer science 01:01:05.280 --> 01:01:07.670 align:start position:0% computer science insofar<01:01:05.760> as<01:01:05.920> you<01:01:06.000> need<01:01:06.240> a<01:01:06.319> computer<01:01:07.440> you 01:01:07.670 --> 01:01:07.680 align:start position:0% insofar as you need a computer you 01:01:07.680 --> 01:01:09.030 align:start position:0% insofar as you need a computer you certainly<01:01:08.000> don't<01:01:08.160> need<01:01:08.319> a<01:01:08.480> university<01:01:08.880> to 01:01:09.030 --> 01:01:09.040 align:start position:0% certainly don't need a university to 01:01:09.040 --> 01:01:10.069 align:start position:0% certainly don't need a university to provide<01:01:09.440> it<01:01:09.520> to<01:01:09.680> you 01:01:10.069 --> 01:01:10.079 align:start position:0% provide it to you 01:01:10.079 --> 01:01:13.670 align:start position:0% provide it to you right<01:01:12.240> it's<01:01:12.400> important<01:01:12.799> in<01:01:12.880> some<01:01:13.119> cases<01:01:13.520> but 01:01:13.670 --> 01:01:13.680 align:start position:0% right it's important in some cases but 01:01:13.680 --> 01:01:16.870 align:start position:0% right it's important in some cases but it<01:01:13.839> isn't<01:01:14.160> necessarily<01:01:14.799> a<01:01:14.880> show<01:01:15.040> stopper 01:01:16.870 --> 01:01:16.880 align:start position:0% it isn't necessarily a show stopper 01:01:16.880 --> 01:01:18.710 align:start position:0% it isn't necessarily a show stopper and<01:01:17.119> that's<01:01:17.359> slowly<01:01:17.680> changing<01:01:18.000> with<01:01:18.240> robots 01:01:18.710 --> 01:01:18.720 align:start position:0% and that's slowly changing with robots 01:01:18.720 --> 01:01:19.990 align:start position:0% and that's slowly changing with robots as<01:01:18.799> well 01:01:19.990 --> 01:01:20.000 align:start position:0% as well 01:01:20.000 --> 01:01:22.950 align:start position:0% as well where<01:01:20.960> it<01:01:21.119> would<01:01:21.359> have<01:01:21.440> been<01:01:22.240> to<01:01:22.400> me<01:01:22.720> it<01:01:22.799> would 01:01:22.950 --> 01:01:22.960 align:start position:0% where it would have been to me it would 01:01:22.960 --> 01:01:24.630 align:start position:0% where it would have been to me it would have<01:01:23.040> been<01:01:23.359> almost<01:01:23.599> inconceivable<01:01:24.400> as<01:01:24.480> an 01:01:24.630 --> 01:01:24.640 align:start position:0% have been almost inconceivable as an 01:01:24.640 --> 01:01:26.150 align:start position:0% have been almost inconceivable as an undergrad<01:01:25.119> to<01:01:25.280> have<01:01:25.760> i 01:01:26.150 --> 01:01:26.160 align:start position:0% undergrad to have i 01:01:26.160 --> 01:01:29.670 align:start position:0% undergrad to have i have<01:01:26.400> had<01:01:26.720> access<01:01:27.200> to<01:01:28.240> to<01:01:28.559> robots<01:01:29.040> to<01:01:29.200> program 01:01:29.670 --> 01:01:29.680 align:start position:0% have had access to to robots to program 01:01:29.680 --> 01:01:31.990 align:start position:0% have had access to to robots to program other<01:01:29.920> than<01:01:30.160> very<01:01:30.480> simple<01:01:30.799> toys 01:01:31.990 --> 01:01:32.000 align:start position:0% other than very simple toys 01:01:32.000 --> 01:01:34.309 align:start position:0% other than very simple toys um<01:01:32.400> the<01:01:32.559> sensing<01:01:32.960> wasn't<01:01:33.280> quite<01:01:33.760> affordable 01:01:34.309 --> 01:01:34.319 align:start position:0% um the sensing wasn't quite affordable 01:01:34.319 --> 01:01:35.750 align:start position:0% um the sensing wasn't quite affordable enough<01:01:34.640> or<01:01:34.799> cheap<01:01:35.040> enough<01:01:35.359> for 01:01:35.750 --> 01:01:35.760 align:start position:0% enough or cheap enough for 01:01:35.760 --> 01:01:37.990 align:start position:0% enough or cheap enough for ubiquitous<01:01:36.400> enough<01:01:36.799> and<01:01:36.960> the<01:01:37.440> networking 01:01:37.990 --> 01:01:38.000 align:start position:0% ubiquitous enough and the networking 01:01:38.000 --> 01:01:39.750 align:start position:0% ubiquitous enough and the networking wasn't<01:01:38.319> quite<01:01:38.640> affordable<01:01:39.119> enough<01:01:39.359> or<01:01:39.520> cheap 01:01:39.750 --> 01:01:39.760 align:start position:0% wasn't quite affordable enough or cheap 01:01:39.760 --> 01:01:40.549 align:start position:0% wasn't quite affordable enough or cheap enough<01:01:40.079> or 01:01:40.549 --> 01:01:40.559 align:start position:0% enough or 01:01:40.559 --> 01:01:43.750 align:start position:0% enough or so<01:01:40.720> on<01:01:40.960> you<01:01:41.040> know<01:01:41.920> small<01:01:42.240> enough<01:01:43.119> and<01:01:43.440> neither 01:01:43.750 --> 01:01:43.760 align:start position:0% so on you know small enough and neither 01:01:43.760 --> 01:01:45.589 align:start position:0% so on you know small enough and neither was<01:01:43.920> the<01:01:44.000> computing<01:01:44.559> so<01:01:44.799> everything<01:01:45.119> was<01:01:45.280> a 01:01:45.589 --> 01:01:45.599 align:start position:0% was the computing so everything was a 01:01:45.599 --> 01:01:47.670 align:start position:0% was the computing so everything was a was<01:01:45.839> complicated<01:01:46.480> and<01:01:46.640> it<01:01:46.799> was<01:01:47.119> it<01:01:47.280> was<01:01:47.520> quite 01:01:47.670 --> 01:01:47.680 align:start position:0% was complicated and it was it was quite 01:01:47.680 --> 01:01:49.270 align:start position:0% was complicated and it was it was quite a<01:01:47.760> big<01:01:47.920> thing<01:01:48.240> to<01:01:48.319> have<01:01:48.480> a<01:01:48.559> robot<01:01:48.960> and<01:01:49.040> that<01:01:49.200> is 01:01:49.270 --> 01:01:49.280 align:start position:0% a big thing to have a robot and that is 01:01:49.280 --> 01:01:51.270 align:start position:0% a big thing to have a robot and that is i<01:01:49.440> think<01:01:49.599> changing<01:01:50.000> and<01:01:50.160> that<01:01:50.400> i<01:01:50.480> think<01:01:50.720> is 01:01:51.270 --> 01:01:51.280 align:start position:0% i think changing and that i think is 01:01:51.280 --> 01:01:54.309 align:start position:0% i think changing and that i think is is<01:01:51.680> leading<01:01:51.920> to<01:01:52.079> a<01:01:52.160> lot<01:01:52.319> of<01:01:52.400> diversification 01:01:54.309 --> 01:01:54.319 align:start position:0% is leading to a lot of diversification 01:01:54.319 --> 01:01:57.270 align:start position:0% is leading to a lot of diversification um<01:01:54.640> the<01:01:54.799> other<01:01:55.039> of<01:01:55.119> course<01:01:55.440> is<01:01:55.599> that<01:01:56.000> uh<01:01:56.480> that 01:01:57.270 --> 01:01:57.280 align:start position:0% um the other of course is that uh that 01:01:57.280 --> 01:01:58.150 align:start position:0% um the other of course is that uh that with 01:01:58.150 --> 01:01:58.160 align:start position:0% with 01:01:58.160 --> 01:01:59.750 align:start position:0% with with<01:01:58.400> the<01:01:58.559> rise<01:01:58.880> of<01:01:58.960> the<01:01:59.200> open<01:01:59.440> source 01:01:59.750 --> 01:01:59.760 align:start position:0% with the rise of the open source 01:01:59.760 --> 01:02:01.750 align:start position:0% with the rise of the open source movement<01:02:00.240> and<01:02:00.319> with<01:02:00.480> the<01:02:00.640> rise<01:02:01.119> of 01:02:01.750 --> 01:02:01.760 align:start position:0% movement and with the rise of 01:02:01.760 --> 01:02:04.309 align:start position:0% movement and with the rise of networking<01:02:02.240> technology<01:02:03.520> has<01:02:03.680> come<01:02:03.920> increased 01:02:04.309 --> 01:02:04.319 align:start position:0% networking technology has come increased 01:02:04.319 --> 01:02:06.069 align:start position:0% networking technology has come increased access<01:02:04.559> to<01:02:04.799> information<01:02:05.440> which<01:02:05.680> is 01:02:06.069 --> 01:02:06.079 align:start position:0% access to information which is 01:02:06.079 --> 01:02:08.950 align:start position:0% access to information which is proved<01:02:06.400> wonderful<01:02:07.359> so<01:02:08.079> so<01:02:08.319> if<01:02:08.640> there's<01:02:08.880> a 01:02:08.950 --> 01:02:08.960 align:start position:0% proved wonderful so so if there's a 01:02:08.960 --> 01:02:10.390 align:start position:0% proved wonderful so so if there's a simulation<01:02:09.520> environment 01:02:10.390 --> 01:02:10.400 align:start position:0% simulation environment 01:02:10.400 --> 01:02:12.150 align:start position:0% simulation environment nothing<01:02:10.720> stops<01:02:11.119> somebody<01:02:11.440> in<01:02:11.520> south<01:02:11.760> america 01:02:12.150 --> 01:02:12.160 align:start position:0% nothing stops somebody in south america 01:02:12.160 --> 01:02:14.630 align:start position:0% nothing stops somebody in south america or<01:02:12.319> india<01:02:13.119> to<01:02:13.280> be<01:02:13.520> working<01:02:13.839> on<01:02:14.079> exactly<01:02:14.480> the 01:02:14.630 --> 01:02:14.640 align:start position:0% or india to be working on exactly the 01:02:14.640 --> 01:02:15.750 align:start position:0% or india to be working on exactly the same<01:02:14.880> problem 01:02:15.750 --> 01:02:15.760 align:start position:0% same problem 01:02:15.760 --> 01:02:17.750 align:start position:0% same problem as<01:02:15.920> somebody<01:02:16.480> in<01:02:16.799> europe<01:02:17.119> or<01:02:17.280> in<01:02:17.359> the<01:02:17.440> united 01:02:17.750 --> 01:02:17.760 align:start position:0% as somebody in europe or in the united 01:02:17.760 --> 01:02:18.789 align:start position:0% as somebody in europe or in the united states<01:02:18.000> or<01:02:18.160> in<01:02:18.240> japan 01:02:18.789 --> 01:02:18.799 align:start position:0% states or in japan 01:02:18.799 --> 01:02:20.789 align:start position:0% states or in japan right<01:02:19.280> whereas<01:02:19.599> in<01:02:19.680> the<01:02:19.760> past<01:02:20.079> the<01:02:20.240> geography 01:02:20.789 --> 01:02:20.799 align:start position:0% right whereas in the past the geography 01:02:20.799 --> 01:02:22.710 align:start position:0% right whereas in the past the geography would<01:02:20.960> have<01:02:21.039> been<01:02:21.119> a<01:02:21.200> barrier 01:02:22.710 --> 01:02:22.720 align:start position:0% would have been a barrier 01:02:22.720 --> 01:02:24.870 align:start position:0% would have been a barrier and<01:02:22.880> today<01:02:23.200> it's<01:02:23.359> less<01:02:23.599> of<01:02:23.680> a<01:02:23.760> barrier<01:02:24.559> i'm<01:02:24.720> not 01:02:24.870 --> 01:02:24.880 align:start position:0% and today it's less of a barrier i'm not 01:02:24.880 --> 01:02:26.309 align:start position:0% and today it's less of a barrier i'm not trying<01:02:25.119> to<01:02:25.200> say<01:02:25.359> that<01:02:25.520> it's<01:02:25.680> not<01:02:25.839> a<01:02:25.920> barrier 01:02:26.309 --> 01:02:26.319 align:start position:0% trying to say that it's not a barrier 01:02:26.319 --> 01:02:28.230 align:start position:0% trying to say that it's not a barrier but<01:02:26.559> but<01:02:26.799> it<01:02:26.960> but<01:02:27.200> it's<01:02:27.359> been<01:02:27.599> less 01:02:28.230 --> 01:02:28.240 align:start position:0% but but it but it's been less 01:02:28.240 --> 01:02:29.750 align:start position:0% but but it but it's been less so<01:02:28.400> i<01:02:28.480> think<01:02:28.640> the<01:02:28.799> spread<01:02:29.119> of<01:02:29.200> simulation 01:02:29.750 --> 01:02:29.760 align:start position:0% so i think the spread of simulation 01:02:29.760 --> 01:02:32.069 align:start position:0% so i think the spread of simulation tools<01:02:30.240> and<01:02:30.319> the<01:02:30.400> spread<01:02:30.640> of<01:02:30.799> access<01:02:31.200> to<01:02:31.359> data 01:02:32.069 --> 01:02:32.079 align:start position:0% tools and the spread of access to data 01:02:32.079 --> 01:02:33.589 align:start position:0% tools and the spread of access to data and<01:02:32.240> just<01:02:32.400> the<01:02:32.559> spread<01:02:32.799> of<01:02:32.880> commoditized 01:02:33.589 --> 01:02:33.599 align:start position:0% and just the spread of commoditized 01:02:33.599 --> 01:02:35.349 align:start position:0% and just the spread of commoditized commoditized<01:02:34.480> robots<01:02:35.039> of 01:02:35.349 --> 01:02:35.359 align:start position:0% commoditized robots of 01:02:35.359 --> 01:02:37.990 align:start position:0% commoditized robots of themselves<01:02:36.240> has<01:02:36.640> has<01:02:36.960> enabled<01:02:37.599> now<01:02:37.760> of<01:02:37.839> course 01:02:37.990 --> 01:02:38.000 align:start position:0% themselves has has enabled now of course 01:02:38.000 --> 01:02:38.710 align:start position:0% themselves has has enabled now of course these<01:02:38.160> are<01:02:38.240> just 01:02:38.710 --> 01:02:38.720 align:start position:0% these are just 01:02:38.720 --> 01:02:40.470 align:start position:0% these are just enablers<01:02:39.440> they<01:02:39.599> don't<01:02:39.839> they<01:02:40.000> don't<01:02:40.240> do 01:02:40.470 --> 01:02:40.480 align:start position:0% enablers they don't they don't do 01:02:40.480 --> 01:02:42.069 align:start position:0% enablers they don't they don't do everything<01:02:41.359> but<01:02:41.520> i<01:02:41.599> think<01:02:41.680> these<01:02:41.920> have<01:02:42.000> been 01:02:42.069 --> 01:02:42.079 align:start position:0% everything but i think these have been 01:02:42.079 --> 01:02:42.950 align:start position:0% everything but i think these have been healthy<01:02:42.400> things 01:02:42.950 --> 01:02:42.960 align:start position:0% healthy things 01:02:42.960 --> 01:02:44.950 align:start position:0% healthy things they've<01:02:43.119> been<01:02:43.359> healthy<01:02:43.760> things<01:02:44.079> for<01:02:44.559> for<01:02:44.799> for 01:02:44.950 --> 01:02:44.960 align:start position:0% they've been healthy things for for for 01:02:44.960 --> 01:02:46.390 align:start position:0% they've been healthy things for for for robotics<01:02:45.680> so<01:02:45.920> i<01:02:46.079> see 01:02:46.390 --> 01:02:46.400 align:start position:0% robotics so i see 01:02:46.400 --> 01:02:48.309 align:start position:0% robotics so i see a<01:02:46.480> future<01:02:46.880> where<01:02:47.359> there<01:02:47.520> will<01:02:47.599> be<01:02:47.760> increased 01:02:48.309 --> 01:02:48.319 align:start position:0% a future where there will be increased 01:02:48.319 --> 01:02:49.589 align:start position:0% a future where there will be increased participation 01:02:49.589 --> 01:02:49.599 align:start position:0% participation 01:02:49.599 --> 01:02:51.270 align:start position:0% participation from<01:02:49.920> parts<01:02:50.160> of<01:02:50.240> the<01:02:50.319> world<01:02:50.640> where<01:02:50.880> formally 01:02:51.270 --> 01:02:51.280 align:start position:0% from parts of the world where formally 01:02:51.280 --> 01:02:53.190 align:start position:0% from parts of the world where formally there<01:02:51.440> was<01:02:51.839> there<01:02:52.000> was<01:02:52.160> not 01:02:53.190 --> 01:02:53.200 align:start position:0% there was there was not 01:02:53.200 --> 01:02:54.950 align:start position:0% there was there was not as<01:02:53.359> much<01:02:53.599> work<01:02:53.839> in<01:02:53.920> robotics<01:02:54.640> and<01:02:54.720> that's<01:02:54.880> a 01:02:54.950 --> 01:02:54.960 align:start position:0% as much work in robotics and that's a 01:02:54.960 --> 01:02:58.549 align:start position:0% as much work in robotics and that's a very<01:02:55.119> healthy<01:02:55.359> thing<01:02:55.520> for<01:02:55.680> the<01:02:55.760> discipline 01:02:58.549 --> 01:02:58.559 align:start position:0% 01:02:58.559 --> 01:03:01.589 align:start position:0% okay<01:02:58.799> is<01:02:58.960> there<01:02:59.039> anything<01:02:59.280> else<01:03:01.119> uh 01:03:01.589 --> 01:03:01.599 align:start position:0% okay is there anything else uh 01:03:01.599 --> 01:03:04.630 align:start position:0% okay is there anything else uh well<01:03:02.319> what<01:03:02.559> can<01:03:02.720> i<01:03:02.799> say<01:03:03.119> i<01:03:03.200> mean<01:03:03.920> uh<01:03:04.319> what<01:03:04.559> i'd 01:03:04.630 --> 01:03:04.640 align:start position:0% well what can i say i mean uh what i'd 01:03:04.640 --> 01:03:05.750 align:start position:0% well what can i say i mean uh what i'd like<01:03:04.799> to<01:03:04.880> add<01:03:05.119> is<01:03:05.280> that 01:03:05.750 --> 01:03:05.760 align:start position:0% like to add is that 01:03:05.760 --> 01:03:07.430 align:start position:0% like to add is that you<01:03:05.839> know<01:03:06.000> i'm<01:03:06.160> passionate<01:03:06.559> about<01:03:06.720> robotics 01:03:07.430 --> 01:03:07.440 align:start position:0% you know i'm passionate about robotics 01:03:07.440 --> 01:03:08.870 align:start position:0% you know i'm passionate about robotics and<01:03:07.520> i<01:03:07.680> continue<01:03:08.160> to<01:03:08.240> be<01:03:08.319> passionate<01:03:08.720> about 01:03:08.870 --> 01:03:08.880 align:start position:0% and i continue to be passionate about 01:03:08.880 --> 01:03:09.670 align:start position:0% and i continue to be passionate about robotics 01:03:09.670 --> 01:03:09.680 align:start position:0% robotics 01:03:09.680 --> 01:03:13.109 align:start position:0% robotics it<01:03:09.920> is<01:03:10.400> it<01:03:10.640> is<01:03:11.520> it<01:03:11.760> is<01:03:11.920> not<01:03:12.160> the<01:03:12.319> kind<01:03:12.559> of<01:03:12.720> thing 01:03:13.109 --> 01:03:13.119 align:start position:0% it is it is it is not the kind of thing 01:03:13.119 --> 01:03:14.390 align:start position:0% it is it is it is not the kind of thing for<01:03:13.280> which<01:03:13.520> i<01:03:13.599> have<01:03:13.760> ever<01:03:13.920> lost<01:03:14.240> my 01:03:14.390 --> 01:03:14.400 align:start position:0% for which i have ever lost my 01:03:14.400 --> 01:03:16.630 align:start position:0% for which i have ever lost my fascination<01:03:15.280> so<01:03:15.440> it<01:03:15.599> is<01:03:15.680> not<01:03:15.839> a<01:03:16.000> job 01:03:16.630 --> 01:03:16.640 align:start position:0% fascination so it is not a job 01:03:16.640 --> 01:03:19.990 align:start position:0% fascination so it is not a job right<01:03:17.520> it<01:03:17.680> is<01:03:17.920> really<01:03:18.400> for<01:03:18.559> me<01:03:19.440> something<01:03:19.760> much 01:03:19.990 --> 01:03:20.000 align:start position:0% right it is really for me something much 01:03:20.000 --> 01:03:21.829 align:start position:0% right it is really for me something much more<01:03:20.240> than<01:03:20.400> that<01:03:20.720> right<01:03:20.960> i<01:03:21.039> think 01:03:21.829 --> 01:03:21.839 align:start position:0% more than that right i think 01:03:21.839 --> 01:03:24.390 align:start position:0% more than that right i think you<01:03:22.000> know<01:03:22.640> so<01:03:23.119> so<01:03:23.440> so<01:03:23.599> if<01:03:23.760> i<01:03:23.839> had<01:03:23.920> to<01:03:24.079> end<01:03:24.319> i 01:03:24.390 --> 01:03:24.400 align:start position:0% you know so so so if i had to end i 01:03:24.400 --> 01:03:25.910 align:start position:0% you know so so so if i had to end i would<01:03:24.559> end<01:03:24.799> with<01:03:24.880> an<01:03:25.039> invitation<01:03:25.599> so<01:03:25.760> if 01:03:25.910 --> 01:03:25.920 align:start position:0% would end with an invitation so if 01:03:25.920 --> 01:03:27.589 align:start position:0% would end with an invitation so if anybody<01:03:26.240> watches<01:03:26.559> this<01:03:26.880> ever 01:03:27.589 --> 01:03:27.599 align:start position:0% anybody watches this ever 01:03:27.599 --> 01:03:29.589 align:start position:0% anybody watches this ever and<01:03:27.839> they're<01:03:28.079> thinking<01:03:28.400> about<01:03:28.799> what<01:03:28.960> to<01:03:29.119> do 01:03:29.589 --> 01:03:29.599 align:start position:0% and they're thinking about what to do 01:03:29.599 --> 01:03:31.109 align:start position:0% and they're thinking about what to do and<01:03:29.680> they'd<01:03:30.000> like<01:03:30.160> to<01:03:30.240> do<01:03:30.480> some<01:03:30.720> form<01:03:30.960> of 01:03:31.109 --> 01:03:31.119 align:start position:0% and they'd like to do some form of 01:03:31.119 --> 01:03:31.990 align:start position:0% and they'd like to do some form of engineering 01:03:31.990 --> 01:03:32.000 align:start position:0% engineering 01:03:32.000 --> 01:03:34.230 align:start position:0% engineering i'd<01:03:32.240> say<01:03:32.400> think<01:03:32.559> about<01:03:32.799> robotics<01:03:33.280> robotics<01:03:33.760> is 01:03:34.230 --> 01:03:34.240 align:start position:0% i'd say think about robotics robotics is 01:03:34.240 --> 01:03:36.309 align:start position:0% i'd say think about robotics robotics is is<01:03:34.559> is<01:03:34.720> a<01:03:34.880> marvelous<01:03:35.440> discipline<01:03:36.000> right<01:03:36.240> i 01:03:36.309 --> 01:03:36.319 align:start position:0% is is a marvelous discipline right i 01:03:36.319 --> 01:03:37.029 align:start position:0% is is a marvelous discipline right i mean<01:03:36.559> it<01:03:36.799> is 01:03:37.029 --> 01:03:37.039 align:start position:0% mean it is 01:03:37.039 --> 01:03:40.390 align:start position:0% mean it is to<01:03:37.200> me<01:03:38.240> just<01:03:38.559> a<01:03:38.799> never-ending 01:03:40.390 --> 01:03:40.400 align:start position:0% to me just a never-ending 01:03:40.400 --> 01:03:41.990 align:start position:0% to me just a never-ending never-ending<01:03:41.039> source<01:03:41.359> of<01:03:41.520> interesting 01:03:41.990 --> 01:03:42.000 align:start position:0% never-ending source of interesting 01:03:42.000 --> 01:03:44.470 align:start position:0% never-ending source of interesting challenging<01:03:42.480> problems<01:03:43.359> and<01:03:43.520> has<01:03:43.920> tremendous 01:03:44.470 --> 01:03:44.480 align:start position:0% challenging problems and has tremendous 01:03:44.480 --> 01:03:46.549 align:start position:0% challenging problems and has tremendous potential<01:03:44.960> to<01:03:45.119> change<01:03:45.359> the<01:03:45.440> world 01:03:46.549 --> 01:03:46.559 align:start position:0% potential to change the world 01:03:46.559 --> 01:03:48.150 align:start position:0% potential to change the world which<01:03:46.799> is<01:03:46.960> which<01:03:47.119> is<01:03:47.280> i<01:03:47.359> think<01:03:47.520> important<01:03:48.000> as 01:03:48.150 --> 01:03:48.160 align:start position:0% which is which is i think important as 01:03:48.160 --> 01:03:51.270 align:start position:0% which is which is i think important as well<01:03:48.799> it's<01:03:49.039> not<01:03:49.280> a<01:03:49.520> not<01:03:49.760> an<01:03:49.920> exercise<01:03:50.480> in 01:03:51.270 --> 01:03:51.280 align:start position:0% well it's not a not an exercise in 01:03:51.280 --> 01:03:53.270 align:start position:0% well it's not a not an exercise in in<01:03:51.680> just<01:03:52.240> sort<01:03:52.400> of<01:03:52.559> gratifying<01:03:53.039> one's 01:03:53.270 --> 01:03:53.280 align:start position:0% in just sort of gratifying one's 01:03:53.280 --> 01:03:55.109 align:start position:0% in just sort of gratifying one's intellectual<01:03:53.760> curiosity<01:03:54.480> but<01:03:54.640> it<01:03:54.799> is<01:03:54.960> a 01:03:55.109 --> 01:03:55.119 align:start position:0% intellectual curiosity but it is a 01:03:55.119 --> 01:03:56.390 align:start position:0% intellectual curiosity but it is a beautiful<01:03:55.599> match 01:03:56.390 --> 01:03:56.400 align:start position:0% beautiful match 01:03:56.400 --> 01:03:58.630 align:start position:0% beautiful match of<01:03:56.640> intellectually<01:03:57.280> difficult<01:03:57.760> questions 01:03:58.630 --> 01:03:58.640 align:start position:0% of intellectually difficult questions 01:03:58.640 --> 01:04:00.630 align:start position:0% of intellectually difficult questions with<01:03:58.960> socially<01:03:59.359> relevant<01:03:59.920> things 01:04:00.630 --> 01:04:00.640 align:start position:0% with socially relevant things 01:04:00.640 --> 01:04:02.870 align:start position:0% with socially relevant things and<01:04:00.799> i<01:04:00.880> think<01:04:01.039> that's<01:04:01.359> a<01:04:01.760> that<01:04:02.160> to<01:04:02.319> an<01:04:02.480> engineer 01:04:02.870 --> 01:04:02.880 align:start position:0% and i think that's a that to an engineer 01:04:02.880 --> 01:04:10.319 align:start position:0% and i think that's a that to an engineer what<01:04:03.039> more<01:04:03.200> could<01:04:03.359> you<01:04:03.520> ask<01:04:07.319> for